Cassava value chain development linking small-holder farmers and processors to markets Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo, Lateef Sanni, Nanam Dziedzoave, Vito Sanifolo, Grace Mahende, Francis Alacho, Andrew Graffham, Louise Adeyomi, Helena Posthumus, Adrienne Martin, Rory Hillocks, Lora Forsythe, Richard Lamboll, Paul Ilona, Adebayo Abass Partners: Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Cassava value chain development linking small-holder farmers and processors to markets Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo, Lateef Sanni, Nanam Dziedzoave,
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Cassava value chain developmentlinking small-holder farmers and processors to markets
Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo, Lateef Sanni, Nanam Dziedzoave, Vito Sanifolo, Grace Mahende, Francis Alacho, Andrew Graffham, Louise Adeyomi,
Helena Posthumus, Adrienne Martin, Rory Hillocks, Lora Forsythe, Richard Lamboll, Paul Ilona, Adebayo Abass
Partners:
Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Linking smallholders to markets
• Increasing small-holder incomes.
• Contributing to food security.
• Share lessons mainly from the Cassava: Adding Value for Africa Project.
• Not the only approach
Cassava: Adding Value for Africa project
• Five year project starting in 2008.
• Five countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi).
• Each country coordinated by a small national team.
• Development and not research project.
• Supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
C:AVA is a partnership project
• Led by NRI• Over 75 partners of different types:
– One lead partner per country– IITA– NGOs/public sector involved in extension with rural
level farmers/processors– Farmers associations– Other technical support organizations– Technical experts
Our Vision...
A vibrant and competitive High Quality Cassava Flour industry based on market-led efficient production and processing which leads to a reduction in rural poverty
• Ensure a consistent supply of raw material (Village level)• Ensure financially viable intermediaries (Intermediary)• Support end users to adopt high quality cassava flour (End user/industry)
C:AVA framework
Village Processing Units
Bakeries – replacing wheat with HQCF
Farmers/Farmer Processors
Grow cassava and sell semi-processed product to intermediary
- Business development services- Financial services- Technical support in processing- Ensure quality
-Technical support in adopting HQCF-Financial services
- Support farmer organisations- Increase cassava productivity- Support Village Processing Units- Ensure quality
Service providers capacity strengthening
Food processing industry using HQCF
Overall progress
• Established value chains in each of the C:AVA countries.
• Increasing production of HQCF and other products.
• Increasing numbers of beneficiaries
• Improved planting and agronomic practices increased yields greater than national averages.
HQCF production per year in East African countries
HQCF production per year in West African countries
Yield differences in the C:AVA operating areas and national averages
Lessons learnt
• Need multi-point interventions in the value chain, which may differ by location and time.
• Partnerships have been essential to progress made.
• Facilitation of the value chain is very important – provision of equipment and training is not sufficient
• Public – private partnerships essential to success.
• National ownership is very important.
Lessons learned
Rural level production and processing
Intermediary bulking/secondary processing
Industry/end users
One model, different contexts
Nigeria
Produce/sell roots or wet cake
Flash drying
Main uses:-Wheat flour replacement-Confectionaries
Ghana
Produce/sell roots or wet cake
Sun dried grits
Bin drying
Main uses:-Glue extender for plywood-Bakery
Tanzania
Produce dried grits
Bulking marketing
Main uses:-Sale as HQCF-Biscuit use-Food industry
Uganda
Bulking, milling and marketing
Main uses:-Domestic consumption-Biscuits-Bakeries-Paperboard
Produce grits or flour
Malawi
Produce/sell roots
Groups
Produce grits and flour
Main uses:-Village bakeries
Entrepreneurs
Produce grits and flour
Gender and diversity – C:AVA’s approach
C:AVA approach designed to integrate gender and diversity
C:AVA emphasised understanding gender and diversity in each country context: •how project outputs and plans would affect and be affected.
• factors promoting participation.
•contribute to organisational learning / training and capacity needs.
Analysis of gender and diversity along value chain•analysis at individual, household, farmer and village-based processor group levels through to SMEs, market traders and end users
•gender and diversity audit of partner organisations and service providers
•gender and diversity aspects included in baseline studies
Gender and diversity – C:AVA’s approach
Monitoring of gender and diversity in project activities –
• indicators disaggregated by sex and diversity; e.g. membership of farmer and processor groups, participation in training, employment, leadership positions
• monitoring at household level, the impact of engaging in new products and markets on livelihoods , gender relations and food security
COUNTRY OPERATION % WOMEN
Tanzania Sun-drying 76
Uganda Sun-drying 60
Malawi Sun-drying 73
Gender and diversity lessons
• Importance of appropriate location and timing of training and information activities for village women
• Flexibility in working hours and availability of transport increases women’s ability to work in enterprises.
• Some limits to women’s ability to exploit new opportunities due to lack of control over their labour
• Women’s access to their own plots gave them greater control over budget decisions, cost of production and access to income
• Increase in processing opportunities are empowering women, although there are some cases of tension.
• Labour, time and capital requirements of new technologies require particular scrutiny if poorer individuals and groups are to participate.
• Men’s participation in processing groups has increased, particularly working with processing equipment.
Policy environmentNigeria
2007/8
Change in Government – less favourbale policy environment.
SME activity collapses.
Main C:AVA activities:
alternative markets; policy advocacy for HQCF inclusion in wheat.
2011/12
New Minister Change in Government policies – Government advocacy for HQCF
Main C:AVA activities:
Price competitiveness of HQCF through (a) fair pricing (b) improved flash drying; market linkages
Quality assurance and management
• Partnership with UNBS who carried out inspections and audits.
• Partnership with end-user markets (biscuit, agri-foods, paperboard) who sent their quality control officers.
• Training of processors on quality management.
• Development of schedules, instructions and records to provide documentary evidence of quality management.
• Setting up model processing prototypes.
Interventions to assure quality in Uganda
MarketsPotential HQCF markets as identified by the value chain study in Malawi (2009)
• International standard: Efficiency 50%, 200kg/hr 76-80 litres diesel per tonne
• New design FD: 49% efficiency, Output 202kg/hr, 86 litres diesel per tonne Double output - saving $63,000/yr when compared to old models for comparable output