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Transpo, Banking, LC & TR

1. De Guzman v. CA, GR No. L-47822, December 22, 19882. Perena v. Zarate, G.R. No. 17917, Au!u"t 29, 2#12

$. %r&' (etro Lea"&n! ) *&nance Cor+. v. (an!a&nao, GR 174#89, anuar 2, 2#12

4. P/ 0an v. Co3&n!, GR 1772, u $, 2##8

. Rate of legal interest beginning July 1, 20135 Dario Nacar v. Gallery Frames and/or Felipe Bordey, Jr., GR

189871 6en banc, Au!u"t 1$, 2#1$

. (aca&nao v. 0P, G.R. No. 1749#, /e+tember 17, 2##9

7. /or&ano v. Peo+e, GR 12$$, *ebruar 1, 2#1#

8. 0/0 Grou+ nc. v. /a Go a..a. /a Go-0an!aan, GR 1844, *ebruar , 2#1#

9. /avac&on v. Centra 0an, GR 9472$, Au!u"t 21, 1997

1#. ran":&e; P&". nc v. Luzon

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G.R. No. L-47822 December 22, 188

!"DR# D" G$%'N, +et&t&oner,v".C#$RT #( '!!"'L) an* "RN")T# C"ND'N', re"+on;ent".

Vicente D. Millora for petitioner.

Jacinto Callanta for private respondent.

("L+C+'N#, J.:

Re"+on;ent >rne"to Cen;ana, a ?un ;eaer, 3a" en!a!e; &n bu&n! u+ u"e; botte" an; "cra+ meta &n Pan!a"&nan. @+on !ater&n!"u::&c&ent uant&t&e" o: "uc "cra+ mater&a, re"+on;ent 3ou; br&n! "uc mater&a to (an&a :or re"ae.

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e C&v& Co;e ;e:&ne" common carr&er" &n te :oo3&n! term"5

Art&ce 17$2. Common carr&er" are +er"on", cor+orat&on", :&rm" or a""oc&at&on" en!a!e; &n te bu"&ne"" o: carr&n!or tran"+ort&n! +a""en!er" or !oo;" or bot, b an;, 3ater, or a&r :or com+en"at&on, o::er&n! te&r "erv&ce" to te+ub&c.

e above art&ce mae" no ;&"t&nct&on bet3een one 3o"eprincipalbu"&ne"" act&v&t &" te carr&n! o: +er"on" or !oo;" or bot, an;one 3o ;oe" "uc carr&n! on a" an ancillaryact&v&t 6&n oca ;&om a" a "&;e&ne. Art&ce 17$2 a"o care:u avo&;" ma&n! an;&"t&nct&on bet3een a +er"on or enter+r&"e o::er&n! tran"+ortat&on "erv&ce on a re!ular or sc"eduled #asisan; one o::er&n! "uc "erv&ceon an occasional, episodic or unsc"eduled #asis. Ne&ter ;oe" Art&ce 17$2 ;&"t&n!u&" bet3een a carr&er o::er&n! &t" "erv&ce" to te

!eneral pu#lic, &.e., te !enera commun&t or +o+uat&on, an; one 3o o::er" "erv&ce" or "o&c&t" bu"&ne"" on :rom a narro3 "e!mento: te !enera +o+uat&on. Fe t&n tat Art&ce 17$$ ;e&beraom ma&n! "uc ;&"t&nct&on".

/o un;er"too;, te conce+t o: common carr&er un;er Art&ce 17$2 ma be "een to co&nc&;e neat 3&t te not&on o: +ub&c "erv&ce,un;er te Pub&c /erv&ce Act 6Common3eat Act No. 141, a" amen;e; 3&c at ea"t +art&a "u++ement" te a3 on commoncarr&er" "et :ort &n te C&v& Co;e. @n;er /ect&on 1$, +ara!ra+ 6b o: te Pub&c /erv&ce Act, +ub&c "erv&ce &ncu;e"5

... ever +er"on tat no3 or erea:ter ma o3n, o+erate, mana!e, or contro &n te P&&++&ne", :or &re orcom+en"at&on, $it" !eneral or limited clientele, $"et"er permanent, occasional or accidental, and done for !eneral#usiness purposes, any common carrier,ra&roa;, "treet ra&3a, tract&on ra&3a, "ub3a motor ve&ce, e&ter :or:re&!t or +a""en!er, or bot, 3&t or 3&tout :&'e; route an; 3atever ma be &t" ca""&:&cat&on, :re&!t or carr&er"erv&ce o: an ca"", e'+re"" "erv&ce, "teamboat, or "team"&+ &ne, +ont&ne", :err&e" an; 3ater cra:t, en!a!e; &n tetran"+ortat&on o: +a""en!er" or :re&!t or bot, "&+ar;, mar&ne re+a&r "o+, 3ar: or ;oc, &ce +ant,&ce-re:r&!erat&on +ant, cana, &rr&!at&on ""tem, !a", eectr&c &!t, eat an; +o3er, 3ater "u++ an; +o3er +etroeum,

"e3era!e ""tem, 3&re or 3&ree"" commun&cat&on" ""tem", 3&re or 3&ree"" broa;ca"t&n! "tat&on" an; oter "&m&ar+ub&c "erv&ce". ... 6>m+a"&" "u++&e;

t a++ear" to te Court tat +r&vate re"+on;ent &" +ro+er caracter&ze; a" a common carr&er even tou! e mere bac-aue;!oo;" :or oter mercant" :rom (an&a to Pan!a"&nan, atou! "uc bac-au&n! 3a" ;one on a +er&o;&c or occa"&ona rater tanre!uar or "ce;ue; manner, an; even tou! +r&vate re"+on;entB"principal occu+at&on 3a" not te carr&a!e o: !oo;" :or oter". ere&" no ;&"+ute tat +r&vate re"+on;ent car!e; &" cu"tomer" a :ee :or au&n! te&r !oo;" tat :ee :reuent :e beo3 commerc&a:re&!t rate" &" not reevant ere.

e Court o: A++ea" re:erre; to te :act tat +r&vate re"+on;ent e; no cert&:&cate o: +ub&c conven&ence, an; concu;e; e 3a" not acommon carr&er. &" &" +a+abe error. A cert&:&cate o: +ub&c conven&ence &" not a reu&"&te :or te &ncurr&n! o: &ab&&t un;er te C&v&Co;e +rov&"&on" !overn&n! common carr&er". at &ab&&t ar&"e" te moment a +er"on or :&rm act" a" a common carr&er, 3&tout re!ar;to 3eter or not "uc carr&er a" a"o com+&e; 3&t te reu&rement" o: te a++&cabe re!uator "tatute an; &m+ement&n!re!uat&on" an; a" been !rante; a cert&:&cate o: +ub&c conven&ence or oter :ranc&"e. o e'em+t +r&vate re"+on;ent :rom te

&ab&&t&e" o: a common carr&er becau"e e a" not "ecure; te nece""ar cert&:&cate o: +ub&c conven&ence, 3ou; be o::en"&ve to "oun;+ub&c +o&c tat 3ou; be to re3ar; +r&vate re"+on;ent +rec&"e :or :a&&n! to com+ 3&t a++&cabe "tatutor reu&rement". ebu"&ne"" o: a common carr&er &m+&n!e" ;&rect an; &nt&mate u+on te "a:et an; 3e be&n! an; +ro+ert o: to"e member" o: te!enera commun&t 3o a++en to ;ea 3&t "uc carr&er. e a3 &m+o"e" ;ut&e" an; &ab&&t&e" u+on common carr&er" :or te "a:etan; +rotect&on o: to"e 3o ut&&ze te&r "erv&ce" an; te a3 cannot ao3 a common carr&er to ren;er "uc ;ut&e" an; &ab&&t&e" mere:acutat&ve b "&m+ :a&&n! to obta&n te nece""ar +erm&t" an; autor&zat&on".

Fe turn ten to te &ab&&t o: +r&vate re"+on;ent a" a common carr&er.

Common carr&er", b te nature o: te&r bu"&ne"" an; :or rea"on" o: +ub&c +o&c 2are e; to a ver &! ;e!ree o: care an;;&&!ence 6e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence &n te carr&a!e o: !oo;" a" 3e a" o: +a""en!er". e "+ec&:&c &m+ort o: e'traor;&nar;&&!ence &n te care o: !oo;" tran"+orte; b a common carr&er &", accor;&n! to Art&ce 17$$, :urter e'+re""e; &n Art&ce"17$4,17$ an; 174, number" , an; 7 o: te C&v& Co;e.

Art&ce 17$4 e"tab&"e" te !enera rue tat common carr&er" are re"+on"&be :or te o"", ;e"truct&on or ;eter&orat&on o: te !oo;"3&c te carr, unlesste "ame &" ;ue to any of t"e follo$in! causes only5

61 *oo;, "torm, eartuae, &!tn&n! or oter natura ;&"a"ter or caam&t62 Act o: te +ub&c enem &n 3ar, 3eter &nternat&ona or c&v&6$ Act or om&""&on o: te "&++er or o3ner o: te !oo;"64 e caracter-o: te !oo;" or ;e:ect" &n te +ac&n! or-&n te conta&ner" an;6 %r;er or act o: com+etent +ub&c autor&t.

t &" &m+ortant to +o&nt out tat te above &"t o: cau"e" o: o"", ;e"truct&on or ;eter&orat&on 3&c e'em+t te common carr&er :orre"+on"&b&&t tere:or, &" a co"e; &"t. Cau"e" :a&n! out"&;e te :ore!o&n! &"t, even &: te a++ear to con"t&tute a "+ec&e" o: :orcema?eure :a 3&t&n te "co+e o: Art&ce 17$, 3&c +rov&;e" a" :oo3"5

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%n all cases ot"er t"an t"ose mentioned in num#ers &, ', (, ) and * of t"e precedin! article, if t"e !oods are lost,destroyed or deteriorated, common carriers are presumed to "ave #een at fault or to "ave acted ne!li!ently, unlesst"ey prove t"at t"ey o#served e+traordinary dili!encea" reu&re; &n Art&ce 17$$. 6>m+a"&" "u++&e;

A++&n! te above-uote; Art&ce" 17$4 an; 17$, 3e note :&r"t tat te "+ec&:&c cau"e ae!e; &n te &n"tant ca"e E te &?ac&n! o:te carr&erB" truc E ;oe" not :a 3&t&n an o: te :&ve 6 cate!or&e" o: e'em+t&n! cau"e" &"te; &n Art&ce 17$4. t 3ou; :oo3,tere:ore, tat te &?ac&n! o: te carr&erB" ve&ce mu"t be ;eat 3&t un;er te +rov&"&on" o: Art&ce 17$, &n oter 3or;", tat te+r&vate re"+on;ent a" common carr&er &" +re"ume; to ave been at :aut or to ave acte; ne!&!ent. &" +re"um+t&on, o3ever, mabe overtro3n b +roo: o: e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence on te +art o: +r&vate re"+on;ent.

Pet&t&oner &n"&"t" tat +r&vate re"+on;ent a; not ob"erve; e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence &n te care o: +et&t&onerB" !oo;". Pet&t&oner ar!ue"tat &n te c&rcum"tance" o: t&" ca"e, +r&vate re"+on;ent "ou; ave &re; a "ecur&t !uar; +re"umab to r&;e 3&t te truc carr&n!te ## carton" o: L&bert :&e; m&. Fe ;o not be&eve, o3ever, tat &n te &n"tant ca"e, te "tan;ar; o: e'traor;&nar ;&&!encereu&re; +r&vate re"+on;ent to reta&n a "ecur&t !uar; to r&;e 3&t te truc an; to en!a!e br&!an;" &n a :&re&!t at te r&" o: &" o3n &:ean; te &ve" o: te ;r&ver an; &" e+er.

e +rec&"e &""ue tat 3e a;;re"" ere reate" to te "+ec&:&c reu&rement" o: te ;ut o: e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence &n te v&!&ance overte !oo;" carr&e; &n te "+ec&:&c conte't o: &?ac&n! or arme; robber.

A" note; ear&er, te ;ut o: e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence &n te v&!&ance over !oo;" &", un;er Art&ce 17$$, !&ven a;;&t&ona "+ec&:&cat&on noton b Art&ce" 17$4 an; 17$ but a"o b Art&ce 174, number" 4, an; , Art&ce 174 +rov&;e" &n reevant +art5

An o: te :oo3&n! or "&m&ar "t&+uat&on" "a be con"&;ere; unrea"onabe, un?u"t an; contrar to +ub&c +o&c5

''' ''' '''

6 tat te common carr&er "a not be re"+on"&be :or te act" or om&""&on" o: &" or &t"em+oee"

6 tat te common carr&erB" &ab&&t :or act" comm&tte; b t&eve", or o: ro##ers3o ;onotact3&t !rave or irresisti#let"reat, violence or force, &" ;&"+en"e; 3&t or ;&m&n&"e; an;

67 tat te common carr&er "a not re"+on"&be :or te o"", ;e"truct&on or ;eter&orat&on o: !oo;"on account o: te ;e:ect&ve con;&t&on o: te car ve&ce, "&+, a&r+ane or oter eu&+ment u"e; &nte contract o: carr&a!e. 6>m+a"&" "u++&e;

@n;er Art&ce 174 6 above, a common carr&er &" e; re"+on"&be E an; 3& not be ao3e; to ;&ve"t or to ;&m&n&" "uc

re"+on"&b&&t E even :or act" o: "tran!er" &e t&eve" or robber", e+cept3ere "uc t&eve" or robber" &n :act acte; 3&t !rave or&rre"&"t&be treat, v&oence or :orce. Fe be&eve an; "o o; tat te &m&t" o: te ;ut o: e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence &n te v&!&ance over te!oo;" carr&e; are reace; 3ere te !oo;" are o"t a" a re"ut o: a robber 3&c &" atten;e; b !rave or &rre"&"t&be treat, v&oenceor :orce.

n te &n"tant ca"e, arme; men e; u+ te "econ; truc o3ne; b +r&vate re"+on;ent 3&c carr&e; +et&t&onerB" car!o. e recor;"o3" tat an &n:ormat&on :or robber &n ban; 3a" :&e; &n te Court o: *&r"t n"tance o: arac, 0ranc 2, &n Cr&m&na Ca"e No. 198ent&te; eople of t"e "ilippines v. Felipe Boncorno, Napoleon resno, -rmando Mesina, scar ria and one Jo"n Doe. ere, teaccu"e; 3ere car!e; 3&t 3&:u an; una3:u ta&n! an; carr&n! a3a 3&t tem te "econ; truc, ;r&ven b (anue >"tra;a an;oa;e; 3&t te ## carton" o: L&bert :&e; m& ;e"t :or ;e&ver at +et&t&onerB" "tore &n @r;aneta, Pan!a"&nan. e ;ec&"&on o: te

tr&a court "o3" tat te accu"e; acte; 3&t !rave, &: not &rre"&"t&be, treat, v&oence or :orce. ree 6$ o: te :&ve 6 o;-u++er"3ere arme; 3&t :&rearm". e robber" not on too a3a te truc an; &t" car!o but a"o &;na++e; te ;r&ver an; &"e+er, ;eta&n&n! tem :or "evera ;a" an; ater reea"&n! tem &n anoter +rov&nce 6&n Zambae". e &?ace; truc3a" "ub"euent :oun; b te +o&ce &n uezon C&t. e Court o: *&r"t n"tance conv&cte; a te accu"e; o: robber,

tou! not o: robber &n ban;.4

n te"e c&rcum"tance", 3e o; tat te occurrence o: te o"" mu"t rea"onab be re!ar;e; a" u&te beon; te contro o: tecommon carr&er an; +ro+er re!ar;e; a" a :ortu&tou" event. t &" nece""ar to reca tat even common carr&er" are not ma;e ab"oute&n"urer" a!a&n"t a r&"" o: trave an; o: tran"+ort o: !oo;", an; are not e; &abe :or act" or event" 3&c cannot be :ore"een or are&nev&tabe, +rov&;e; tat te "a ave com+&e; 3&t te r&!orou" "tan;ar; o: e'traor;&nar ;&&!ence.

Fe, tere:ore, a!ree 3&t te re"ut reace; b te Court o: A++ea" tat +r&vate re"+on;ent Cen;ana &" not &abe :or te vaue o: teun;e&vere; mercan;&"e 3&c 3a" o"t becau"e o: an event ent&re beon; +r&vate re"+on;entB" contro.

ACC%RDNGL=, te Pet&t&on :or Rev&e3 on cert&orar& &" ereb D>N>D an; te Dec&"&on o: te Court o: A++ea" ;ate; $ Au!u"t 1977&" A**R(>D. No +ronouncement a" to co"t".

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/% %RD>R>D.

Fernan, C.J., Gutierre, Jr., Bidin and Cortes, JJ., concur.

e+ub&c o: te P&&++&ne"

)$!R"" C#$RT(an&a

*R/ DH/%N

G.R. No. 1717 'gs/ 2, 2012

)!#$)") T"#D#R#1an* N'N"TT" !"R"N', Pet&t&oner",v".)!#$)") T"R")+T' !+L+!!+N" N+C#L') an* L. %'R'T", N'T+#N'L R'+L'3), an* /e C#$RT #('!!"'L) Re"+on;ent".

D > C / % N

B"R)'+N, J.:

e o+erator o: a. "coo bu" "erv&ce &" a common carr&er &n te ee" o: te a3.

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a.m. b traver"&n! te narro3 +at un;erneat te (a!aane" ntercan!e tat 3a" ten common u"e; b (aat&-boun; ve&ce" a"a "ort cut &nto (aat&. At te t&me, te narro3 +at 3a" mare; b +&e" o: con"truct&on mater&a" an; +are; +a""en!er ?ee+ne", an;te ra&roa; cro""&n! &n te narro3 +at a; no ra&roa; 3arn&n! "&!n", or 3atcmen, or oter re"+on"&be +er"on" mann&n! tecro""&n!. n :act, te bamboo baran;&a 3a" u+, eav&n! te ra&roa; cro""&n! o+en to traver"&n! motor&"t".

At about te t&me te van 3a" to traver"e te ra&roa; cro""&n!, PNR Commuter No. $#2 6tra&n, o+erate; b onn Aano 6Aano, 3a"&n te v&c&n&t o: te (a!aane" ntercan!e trave&n! nortboun;. A" te tra&n neare; te ra&roa; cro""&n!, A:aro ;rove te vanea"t3ar; acro"" te ra&roa; trac", co"e ta&&n! a ar!e +a""en!er bu". /

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61 Feter or not ;e:en;ant-;r&ver o: te van &", &n te +er:ormance o: &" :unct&on", &abe :or ne!&!ence con"t&tut&n! te+ro'&mate cau"e o: te ve&cuar co&"&on, 3&c re"ute; &n te ;eat o: +a&nt&:: "+ou"e"B "on

62 Feter or not te ;e:en;ant "+ou"e" PereIa be&n! te em+oer o: ;e:en;ant A:aro are &abe :or an ne!&!ence 3&cma be attr&bute; to ;e:en;ant A:aro

6$ Feter or not ;e:en;ant P&&++&ne Nat&ona Ra&3a" be&n! te o+erator o: te ra&roa; ""tem &" &abe :or ne!&!ence &n:a&&n! to +rov&;e a;euate "a:et 3arn&n! "&!n" an; ra&&n!" &n te area common u"e; b motor&"t" :or ra&roa; cro""&n!",con"t&tut&n! te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te ve&cuar co&"&on 3&c re"ute; &n te ;eat o: te +a&nt&:: "+ou"e"B "on

64 Feter or not ;e:en;ant "+ou"e" PereIa are &abe :or breac o: te contract o: carr&a!e 3&t +a&nt&::-"+ou"e" &n :a&&n! to+rov&;e a;euate an; "a:e tran"+ortat&on :or te atterB" "on

6 Feter or not ;e:en;ant" "+ou"e" are &abe :or actua, mora ;ama!e", e'em+ar ;ama!e", an; attorneB" :ee"

6 Feter or not ;e:en;ant" "+ou"e" eo;or&co an; Nanette PereIa ob"erve; te ;&&!ence o: em+oer" an; "coo bu"o+erator"

67 Feter or not ;e:en;ant-"+ou"e" are c&v& &abe :or te acc&;enta ;eat o: Aaron on Zarate

68 Feter or not ;e:en;ant PNR 3a" !ro"" ne!&!ent &n o+erat&n! te commuter tra&n &nvove; &n te acc&;ent, &n ao3&n!or toerat&n! te motor&n! +ub&c to cro"", an; &t" :a&ure to &n"ta "a:et ;ev&ce" or eu&+ment at te "&te o: te acc&;ent :or te+rotect&on o: te +ub&c

69 Feter or not ;e:en;ant PNR "ou; be ma;e to re&mbur"e ;e:en;ant "+ou"e" :or an an; 3atever amount te atterma be e; an"3erabe or 3&c te ma be or;ere; to +a &n :avor o: +a&nt&::" b rea"on o: te act&on

61# Feter or not ;e:en;ant PNR "ou; +a +a&nt&::" ;&rect an; :u on te amount" ca&me; b te atter &n te&rCom+a&nt b rea"on o: &t" !ro"" ne!&!ence

611 Feter or not ;e:en;ant PNR &" &abe to ;e:en;ant" "+ou"e" :or actua, mora an; e'em+ar ;ama!e" an; attorneB":ee".2

e Zarate"K ca&m a!a&n"t te PereIa" 3a" u+on breac o: te contract o: carr&a!e :or te "a:e tran"+ort o: Aaron but tat a!a&n"tPNR 3a" ba"e; on ua"&-;e&ct un;er Art&ce 217, C&v& Co;e.

n te&r ;e:en"e, te PereIa" a;;uce; ev&;ence to "o3 tat te a; e'erc&"e; te ;&&!ence o: a !oo; :ater o: te :am& &n te"eect&on an; "u+erv&"&on o: A:aro, b ma&n! "ure tat A:aro a; been &""ue; a ;r&verK" &cen"e an; a; not been &nvove; &n anve&cuar acc&;ent +r&or to te co&"&on tat te&r o3n "on a; taen te van ;a& an; tat eo;oro PereIa a; "omet&me"accom+an&e; A:aro &n te vanK" tr&+" tran"+ort&n! te "tu;ent" to "coo.

*or &t" +art, PNR ten;e; to "o3 tat te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te co&"&on a; been te rece"" cro""&n! o: te van 3o"e ;r&ver a;not :&r"t "to++e;, ooe; an; &"tene; an; tat te narro3 +at traver"e; b te van a; not been &nten;e; to be a ra&roa; cro""&n! :ormotor&"t".

R5ing o6 /e RTC

%n December $, 1999, te RC ren;ere; &t" ;ec&"&on,$;&"+o"&n!5

FR>*%R>, +rem&"e" con"&;ere;, ?u;!ment &" ereb ren;ere; &n :avor o: te +a&nt&:: an; a!a&n"t te ;e:en;ant" or;er&n! tem to?o&nt an; "evera +a te +a&nt&::" a" :oo3"5

61 6:or te ;eat o: Aaron- P+#,###.##

62 Actua ;ama!e" &n te amount o: P+1##,###.##

6$ *or te o"" o: earn&n! ca+ac&t- P+2,1#9,#71.##

64 (ora ;ama!e" &n te amount o: P+4,###,###.##

6 >'em+ar ;ama!e" &n te amount o: P+1,###,###.##

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6 AttorneK" :ee" &n te amount o: P+2##,###.## an;

67 Co"t o: "u&t.

/% %RD>R>D.

%n une 29, 2###, te RC ;en&e; te PereIa"K mot&on :or recon"&;erat&on,4re&terat&n! tat te coo+erat&ve !ro"" ne!&!ence o: tePereIa" an; PNR a; cau"e; te co&"&on tat e; to te ;eat o: Aaron an; tat te ;ama!e" a3ar;e; to te Zarate" 3ere note'ce""&ve, but ba"e; on te e"tab&"e; c&rcum"tance".

Te C's R5ing

0ot te PereIa" an; PNR a++eae; 6C.A.-G.R. CH No. 891.

PNR a""&!ne; te :oo3&n! error", to 3&t5

e Court a 0uoerre; &n5

1. n :&n;&n! te ;e:en;ant-a++eant P&&++&ne Nat&ona Ra&3a" ?o&nt an; "evera &abe to!eter 3&t ;e:en;ant-a++eant" "+ou"e" eo;or&co an; Nanette PereIa an; ;e:en;ant-a++eant Cemente A:aro to +a +a&nt&::"-a++eee" :or te;eat o: Aaron Zarate an; ;ama!e".

2. n !&v&n! :u :a&t an; mer&t to te ora te"t&mon&e" o: +a&nt&::"-a++eee" 3&tne""e" ;e"+&te over3em&n! ;ocumentarev&;ence on recor;, "u++ort&n! te ca"e o: ;e:en;ant"-a++eant" P&&++&ne Nat&ona Ra&3a".

e PereIa" a"cr&be; te :oo3&n! error" to te RC, name5

e tr&a court erre; &n :&n;&n! ;e:en;ant"-a++eant" ?o&nt an; "evera &abe :or actua, mora an; e'em+ar ;ama!e" an;attorneK" :ee" 3&t te oter ;e:en;ant".

e tr&a court erre; &n ;&"m&""&n! te cro""-ca&m o: te a++eant" PereIa" a!a&n"t te P&&++&ne Nat&ona Ra&3a" an; &n not o;&n!te atter an; &t" tra&n ;r&ver +r&mar& re"+on"&be :or te &nc&;ent.

e tr&a court erre; &n a3ar;&n! e'ce""&ve ;ama!e" an; attorneK" :ee".

e tr&a court erre; &n a3ar;&n! ;ama!e" &n te :orm o: ;ecea"e;K" o"" o: earn&n! ca+ac&t &n te ab"ence o: "u::&c&ent ba"&" :or "ucan a3ar;.

%n November 1$, 2##2, te CA +romu!ate; &t" ;ec&"&on, a::&rm&n! te :&n;&n!" o: te RC, but &m&te; te mora ;ama!e"to P 2,##,###.## an; ;eete; te attorneK" :ee" becau"e te RC ;&; not "tate te :actua an; e!a ba"e", to 3&t 5

FR>*%R>, +rem&"e" con"&;ere;, te a""a&e; Dec&"&on o: te Re!&ona r&a Court, 0ranc 2# o: ParaIaue C&t &" A**R(>D3&t te mo;&:&cat&on tat te a3ar; o: Actua Dama!e" &" re;uce; to P9,#2.7 (ora Dama!e" &" re;uce; to P 2,##,###.## an;te a3ar; :or AttorneK" *ee" &" Deete;.

/% %RD>R>D.

e CA u+e; te a3ar; :or te o"" o: AaronK" earn&n! ca+ac&t, ta&n! co!n&zance o: te ru&n! &n Car&a!a v. La!una aaba" 0u"Com+an an; (an&a Ra&roa; Com+an,73ere&n te Court !ave te e&r" o: Car&a!a a "um re+re"ent&n! te o"" o: te ;ecea"e;K"

earn&n! ca+ac&t ;e"+&te Car&a!a be&n! on a me;&ca "tu;ent at te t&me o: te :ata &nc&;ent. A++&n! te :ormua a;o+te; &n teAmer&can >'+ectanc abe o: (orta&t5M

2$ ' 68# - a!e at te t&me o: ;eat &:e e'+ectanc

te CA ;eterm te &:e e'+ectanc o: Aaron to be $9.$ ear" u+on recon&n! &" &:e e'+ectanc :rom a!e o: 21 6te a!e 3en e3ou; ave !ra;uate; :rom coe!e an; "tarte; 3or&n! :or &" o3n &ve&oo; &n"tea; o: 1 ear" 6&" a!e 3en e ;&e;. Con"&;er&n!tat te nature o: &" 3or an; &" "aar at te t&me o: AaronK" ;eat 3ere unno3n, &t u"e; te +reva&&n! m&n&mum 3a!eo: P 28#.##;a to com+ute AaronK" !ro"" annua "aar to beP 11#,71., &ncu"&ve o: te t&rteent mont +a. (ut&+&n! t&"annua "aar b AaronK" &:e e'+ectanc o: $9.$ ear", &" !ro"" &ncome 3ou; a!!re!ate to P 4,$1,14.$#, :rom 3&c &" e"t&mate;e'+en"e" &n te "um o:P 2,189,4.$# 3a" ;e;ucte; to :&na arr&ve at P 2,11,##.## a" net &ncome. Due to AaronK" com+ute; net&ncome turn&n! out to be &!er tan te amount ca&me; b te Zarate", on P 2,1#9,#71.##, te amount e'+re"" +rae; :or btem, 3a" !rante;.

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%n A+r& 4, 2##$, te CA ;en&e; te PereIa"K mot&on :or recon"&;erat&on.8

+sses

n t&" a++ea, te PereIa" &"t te :oo3&n! a" te error" comm&tte; b te CA, to 3&t5

. e o3er court erre; 3en &t u+e; te tr&a courtK" ;ec&"&on o;&n! te +et&t&oner" ?o&nt an; "evera &abe to +a ;ama!e" 3&tP&&++&ne Nat&ona Ra&3a" an; ;&"m&""&n! te&r cro""-ca&m a!a&n"t te atter.

. e o3er court erre; &n a::&rm&n! te tr&a courtK" ;ec&"&on a3ar;&n! ;ama!e" :or o"" o: earn&n! ca+ac&t o: a m&nor 3o 3a" on a&! "coo "tu;ent at te t&me o: &" ;eat &n te ab"ence o: "u::&c&ent ba"&" :or "uc an a3ar;.

. e o3er court erre; &n not re;uc&n! :urter te amount o: ;ama!e" a3ar;e;, a""um&n! +et&t&oner" are &abe at a.

R5ing

e +et&t&on a" no mer&t.

1.ere /e !ereas an* !NR 9oin/5:an* se;era55: 5iab5e 6or *amagesR>D.

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Re+ub&c o: te P&&++&ne")$!R"" C#$RT

(an&a

*R/ DH/%N

G.R. No. 17408 >anar: 2, 2012

#R+? "TR# L"')+NG 'ND (+N'NC" C#R!#R'T+#N @FormerlyC#N)#L+D'T"D #R+? L"')+NG 'ND (+N'NC"C#R!#R'T+#NA,Pet&t&oner,v".+N#R) D"NN+), 3L"N", "L'N+" an* 'R+R+), a55 srname* 'NG'L+N'# yD+%#N, 'N$"L . #NG, L#R"T#

L$C+L#, )#NN3 L+, 'ND 'NT#N+# D" L#) )'NT#),Re"+on;ent".

' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'

G.R. No. 1742

)#NN3 L+ an* 'NT#N+# D" L#) )'NT#), Pet&t&oner",v".+N#R) D"NN+), 3L"N", "L'N+" an* 'R+R+), a55 srname* 'NG'L+N'# yD+%#N, L#R"T# L$C+L#,C#N)#L+D'T"D #R+? L"')+NG 'ND (+N'NC" C#R!#R'T+#N an* 'N$"L . #NG,Re"+on;ent".

D > C / % N

D"L C')T+LL#, J.

e one" at :aut are to an"3er :or te e::ect" o: ve&cuar acc&;ent".

A mut&+e-ve&ce co&"&on &n Nort Luzon >'+re""3a 6NL> re"ut&n! &n te ;eat o: a te +a""en!er" &n one ve&ce, &ncu;&n! te+arent" an; a "&b&n! o: te "urv&v&n! or+ane; m&nor e&r", com+ee; te atter to :&e an act&on :or ;ama!e" a!a&n"t te re!&"tere;o3ner" an; ;r&ver" o: te t3o 1#-3eeer truc" tat co&;e; 3&t te&r +arent"K N&""an Pat:&n;er 6Pat:&n;er.

A""a&e; &n te"e con"o&;ate; Pet&t&on" :or Rev&e3 on Certiorari1:&e; b %r&' (etro Lea"&n! an; *&nance Cor+orat&on 6%r&'2an; b/onn L& 6/onn an; Anton&o ;eo" /anto" 6Anton&o$are te %ctober 27, 2## Dec&"&on4an; Au!u"t 17, 2## Re"out&ono: teCourt o: A++ea" 6CA &n CA-G.R. CH No. 7#$#.

Factual Antecedents

%n une 27, 199#, at about 1151 +.m., tree ve&ce" 3ere traver"&n! te t3o-ane nortboun; NL> &n te v&c&n&t o: Baran!ay&ba!,Pu&an, 0uacan. t 3a" ra&n&n! tat n&!t.

Anaceto >;ure"e, r. 6>;ure"e 3a" ;r&v&n! a Pat:&n;er 3&t +ate number 00G-$$4. K" :a"t ane an; about to overtae te *u"o, te atter "u;;en "3erve;to te e:t an; cut &nto te Pat:&n;erK" ane tereb boc&n! &t" 3a. A" a re"ut, te Pat:&n;er &t te *u"oK" e:t ;oor an; e:t

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bo;.7e &m+act cau"e; bot ve&ce" to "to+ &n te m&;;e o: te e'+re""3a. Amo"t &n"tant, te &nev&tabe +&eu+ a++ene;.Atou! Anton&o "te++e; on te brae",8te "uzuK" :ront cra"e;9&nto te rear o: te Pat:&n;er eav&n! &t a tota 3rec. 1#/oon a:ter,te P&&++&ne Nat&ona Con"truct&on Cor+orat&on 6PNCC +atro arr&ve; at te "cene o: te acc&;ent an; &n:orme; te Pu&an +o&ceabout te ve&cuar m&"a+. Po&ce nve"t&!ator /P%2 >mmanue 0ana! re"+on;e; at about 251-25$# a.m. o: une 28, 199# an;&nve"t&!ate; te &nc&;ent a" !atere; :rom te &n:ormat&on an; "etc11+rov&;e; b te PNCC +atro a" 3e a" :rom te"tatement"12+rov&;e; b te truc e+er" Car&e an; Ro;o:o.

n te meant&me, te (an!a&nao "+ou"e", te ;r&ver >;ure"e, an; te e+er ebueza 3ere ;ecare; ;ea; on te "+ot 3&e -monto; (arr&ane an; te ou"ema&; 3ere ;ecare; ;ea; on arr&va at a nearb o"+&ta.1$e occu+ant" o: te truc" e"ca+e; "er&ou"&n?ur&e" an; ;eat.

A" te&r etter"14to te re!&"tere; o3ner" o: te truc" ;eman;&n! com+en"at&on :or te acc&;ent 3ere &!nore;, te m&nor c&;ren o: te(an!a&nao "+ou"e", Denn&", (ene, (ean&e an; (ar&r&", trou! te&r e!a !uar;&an,1con"euent :&e; on anuar 1, 1991 aCom+a&nt1:or ;ama!e" ba"e; on 0uasi3delict,be:ore te Re!&ona r&a Court 6RC o: (aat& 3&c 3a" ;ocete; a" C&v& Ca"e No.91-12$.17e &m+ea;e; te ;r&ver" Loreto an; Anton&o, a" 3e a" te re!&"tere; o3ner" o: te *u"o an; te "uzu truc", name%r&' an; /onn,18re"+ect&ve. e c&;ren &m+ute; rece""ne"", ne!&!ence, an; &m+ru;ence on te truc ;r&ver" :or te ;eat" o:te&r "&"ter an; +arent" 3&e te o; /onn an; %r&' eua &abe :or :a&&n! to e'erc&"e te ;&&!ence o: a !oo; :ater o: a :am& &nte "eect&on an; "u+erv&"&on o: te&r re"+ect&ve ;r&ver". e c&;ren ;eman;e; +ament o: more tan P1#. m&&on re+re"ent&n!;ama!e" an; attorneK" :ee".

%r&' &n &t" (ot&on to D&"m&""19&nter+o"e; tat &t &" not te actua o3ner o: te *u"o truc. A" te tr&a court ;en&e; te mot&on, 2#&t ten:&e; &t" An"3er 3&t Com+u"or Counterca&m an; Cro""-ca&m.21%r&' re&terate; tat te c&;ren a; no cau"e o: act&on a!a&n"t &tbecau"e on /e+tember 9, 198$, &t area; "o; te *u"o truc to ((% ruc&n! o3ne; b (anue %n! 6(anue.22e atter be&n! teae!e; o3ner at te t&me o: te co&"&on, %r&' :&e; a &r; Part Com+a&nt2$a!a&n"t (anue, a..a. (anue an.

n te&r An"3er 3&t Com+u"or Counterca&m an; Cro""-Ca&m,24/onn an; Anton&o attr&bute; :aut :or te acc&;ent "oe on LoretoK"rece"" ;r&v&n! o: &" truc 3&c "u;;en "to++e; an; "&; acro"" te &!3a. e ca&me; tat /onn a; e'erc&"e; te e'+ecte;;&&!ence reu&re; o: an em+oer tat Anton&o a; been a aon! ;r&v&n! 3&t care an;, tat 3&t te abru+t an; une'+ecte; co&"&ono: te ve&ce" be:ore &m an; te&r +recar&ou" +ro'&m&t, e a; no 3a o: +revent&n! &" truc :rom &tt&n! te Pat:&n;er.

*or :a&&n! to :&e an re"+on"&ve +ea;&n!, bot (anue an; Loreto 3ere ;ecare; &n ;e:aut.2

Ruling of the Regional Trial ourt

A:ter tr&a, te court a 0uo &""ue; a Dec&"&on2on *ebruar 9, 2##1 :&n;&n! /onn, Anton&o, Loreto an; %r&' &abe :or ;ama!e". t&e3&"e rue; &n :avor o: %r&' anent &t" t&r; +art com+a&nt, te atter av&n! "u::&c&ent +roven tat (anue o: ((% ruc&n! &" terea o3ner o: te *u"o.

e ;&"+o"&t&ve +ort&on o: te RC Dec&"&on "tate"5

Fere:ore, +rem&"e" con"&;ere;, ?u;!ment &" ereb ren;ere; &n :avor o: +a&nt&::" an; a!a&n"t te ;e:en;ant", or;er&n! te atter to+a +a&nt&::", ?o&nt an; "evera, te :oo3&n!5

1. P$,#77,###.## a" actua ;ama!e"2. P2,###,###.## a" mora ;ama!e"

$. P1,###,###.## a" e'em+ar ;ama!e" an;

4. P4##,###.## a" an; :or rea"onabe attorneK" :ee"

. e!a &ntere"t at "&' +ercent 6S +er annum on te above-"tate; amount" :rom te :&&n! o: te com+a&nt on anuar 1, 1991unt& :u +a&; an;

. co"t" o: "u&t an; e'+en"e" o: &t&!at&on.

&r; +art ;e:en;ant (anue (. %n! &" or;ere; to &n;emn&: t&r; +art +a&nt&:: T%r&'U :or te amount" a;?u;!e; a!a&n"t te atter &nt&" ca"e.

/% %RD>R>D.27

Rat&oc&nat&n! &t" :&n;&n! o: rece""ne"" on bot truc ;r&ver", te RC "a&;5

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e ev&;ence eave" no ;oubt tat bot truc ;r&ver" 3ere at :aut an; "ou; be e; &abe. Luc&o, 3o 3a" ;r&v&n! te *u"o truc,3a" rece"" 3en e cau"e; te "3erv&n! o: &" ve&ce ;&rect on te ane o: te Pat:&n;er to &" e:t. e Pat:&n;er a; no 3a toavo&; a co&"&on becau"e &t 3a" about to +a"" te truc 3en "u;;en boce;. %n te oter an;, te "uzu truc 3a" +ract&cata&!at&n! te Pat:&n;er on te ;ar "&++er &!3a "uc tat 3en te Pat:&n;er co&;e; 3&t te *u"o truc, &t became &nev&tabe:or te "uzu truc to cra" &nto te Pat:&n;er. /o, ;e o" /anto", te ;r&ver o: te "uzu truc 3a" &e3&"e rece"". 28

n an attem+t to e'onerate &t"e:, %r&' a++eae; to te CA 29:oo3e; b /onn an; Anton&o.$#A o: tem caen!e; te :actua :&n;&n!"an; concu"&on" o: te court a 0uo3&t re!ar; to te&r re"+ect&ve &ab&&t&e", eac +&n+o&nt&n! to te ne!&!ence o: te oter an; v&cever"a. A o: tem &e3&"e a""a&e; te amount" te RC a3ar;e; to te m&nor" :or ac o: ba"&".

Ruling of the ourt of A!!eals

%n %ctober 27, 2##, te CA ren;ere; &t" Dec&"&on$1a::&rm&n! te :actua :&n;&n!" o: te tr&a court o: rece"" ;r&v&n!. t "a&;5

t ma be true tat &t 3a" te N&""an Pat:&n;er 3&c :&r"t &t an; bum+e; an; eventua cra"e; &nto te *u"o truc. L>>D.

/% %RD>R>D.$$

%r&' an; /onn ?o b Anton&o, :&e; te&r "e+arate (ot&on" :or Recon"&;erat&on$4but "ame 3ere ;en&e; &n a Re"out&on$;ate;Au!u"t 17, 2##.

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"etitioners# Res!ecti$e Arguments

%r&'K" content&on" &n &t" +et&t&on ma be "ummar&ze; a" :oo3"5

1. t &" not te o3ner an; o+erator o: te *u"o at te t&me o: te co&"&on an; "ou; not be e; re"+on"&be :or com+en"at&n!te m&nor c&;ren o: te (an!a&nao"

2. e *u"oK" "3erv&n! to3ar;" te &nner ane 3ere te Pat:&n;er &" cru&"&n! &" attr&butabe not to te ae!e; ne!&!ence o:Loreto but to a;ver"e ;r&v&n! con;&t&on", i.e.,te "torm 3eater an; "&++er roa;

$. e CA a" no re&abe ev&;ent&ar ba"&" :or com+ut&n! o"" o: earn&n! ca+ac&t a" te 0aance /eet an; ncome /tatemento: Roberto (an!a&nao, a" cert&:&e; b accountant F&:re;o ;e e"u" :or te ear 1989, &" ear"a ev&;ence an;

4. e a3ar; o: attorneK" :ee" "u"ta b te CA &" not ?u"t&:&e; an; &" e'orb&tant.

%n te oter an;, /onn an; Anton&o ar!ue &n te&r +et&t&on tat5

1. te CA erre; &n a::&rm&n! te tr&a courtK" erroneou" :&n;&n! tat te "uzu 3a" ta&!at&n!, 3&c &" contra;&cte; b te mater&aev&;ence on recor;

2. te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te ;eat o: te v&ct&m" &" LoretoK" !ro"" ne!&!ence. Anton&o "ou; ave been accor;e; te bene:&t ote emer!enc rueK 3ere&n e 3a" &mme;&ate con:ronte; 3&t a "u;;en ;an!er an; a; no t&me to t&n o: o3 to avo&; &t

$. te CA "ou; not ave a3ar;e; ;ama!e" an; attorneK" :ee" becau"e o: te tota ab"ence o: ev&;ence to "ub"tant&ate tem.

n "ort, +et&t&oner" 3ant u" to rev&e3 te :&n;&n! o: ne!&!ence b te CA o: bot truc ;r&ver", te "o&;ar &ab&&t o: %r&' a" tere!&"tere; o3ner o: te *u"o, an; te +ro+r&et o: te ;ama!e" te CA a3ar;e; &n :avor o: te (an!a&nao c&;ren.

#r R5ing

4"e findin! of ne!li!ence of petitioners as found #y t"e lo$er courts is #indin!

Ne!&!ence an; +ro'&mate cau"e are :actua &""ue".$/ette; &" te rue tat t&" Court &" not a tr&er o: :act", an; te concurrence o: te:&n;&n!" o: :act o: te court" beo3 are concu"&ve. A +et&t&on :or rev&e3 on certiorariun;er Rue 4 o: te Rue" o: Court "ou; &ncu;eon ue"t&on" o: a3 - ue"t&on" o: :act are not rev&e3abe$7"ave :or "evera e'ce+t&on",$8t3o o: 3&c +et&t&oner" &nvoe, i.e., tat te:&n;&n! &" !roun;e; on "+ecuat&on", "urm&"e", an; con?ecture",K an; tat te ?u;!ment &" ba"e; on a m&"a++reen"&on o: :act".K

ere &" no com+e&n! rea"on to ;&"turb te o3er court"K :actua concu"&on".

F&t re!ar; to te *u"o, 3e note te "tatement !&ven b te e+er Car&e be:ore te Pu&an +o&ce &mme;&ate a:ter te &nc&;ent5

5 Pa&"aa"a mo n!a an! m!a +an!aar&Q

/5 Nuon n!a +on! ora" at +et"an! naban!!&t aban! ao a "aa n! &"an! truc +atun!o Pam+an!a at "a u!ar n! +&nan!ar&an anam&reno an! a&n! ;r&ver ;a& "a ma;ua" at na!a3& am& "a !a3&n! a&3a 6&nner ane na &"an! mab&&" na +a?ero 6N&""an 4'4 an!buman!!a "a !a3&n! unaan an!!an! "a ta!&&ran !a3&n! a&3a, na an! na"ab&n! +a?ero a +a+au"ot 6overtae na +a!ata+o"nuon a ma &"a 61 +an! truc na buman!!a "a u&an.$9

0a"e; on te e+erK" "tatement, te *u"o a; o"t contro, "&;;e; to te e:t an; boce; te 3a o: te Pat:&n;er, 3&c 3a" aboutto overtae. e Pat:&n;er a; ab"oute no cance to avo&; te truc. n"tea; o: "o3&n! ;o3n an; mov&n! to3ar;" te "ou;er &nte &!3a &: &t rea nee;e; to "to+, &t 3a" ver ne!&!ent o: Loreto to abru+t &t te brae &n a ma?or &!3a 3ere&n ve&ce" are

&! &e to be at &" rear.

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An; 3at 3a" t&" &: ou not&ce; ant&n! be:ore te &nc&;ent a++ene;Q

A e *uT"Uo Car!o ruc 3a" "3erv&n! :rom e:t to r&!t, /&r.

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*or a 3&e, 3at +art o: te *uT"Uo Car!o ruc ;&; ou &tQ

FN>//5

A &t te "&;&n!" o: te *uT"Uo Car!o ruc, =our A(NA%N 0= A=. G@>RR>R%5

Fen te Pat:&n;er &t te *uT"Uo ruc, 3ere ou "t& be&n; te Pat:&n;erQ

A =e", /&r.

TFere ouU "t& &n te "ame ane tat ou 3ere trave&n! $# m&nute" be:ore te &m+actQ

A =e", /&r.

=ou ;&; not move :rom our ane T&n "+&teU o: te co&"&on bet3een te Pat:&n;er an; te *uT"Uo rucQ

A No, /&r. ;&; not move. "tae; on m ane.4$

' ' ' '

R>DR>C >A(NA%N 0= A=. NAHDAD5

=ou "tate; a 3&e a!o, ;ur&n! te cro""-e'am&nat&on b coun"e tat te moment ou "a3 te N&""an Pat:&n;er T"ma"Ua!a&n"t te "&;e o: te *uT"Uo, ou ;&; not move our ruc anmore. F ;&; ou not "3erve to te e:t or to te r&!tQ

A 0ecau"e tere 3a" an Toncom&n!U bu" "&!na&n! T"&cU to me, /&r.

mer!enc RueK &nvoe; b +et&t&oner" 3& not a++. /uc +r&nc&+e "tate"5

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T%Une 3o "u;;en :&n;" &m"e: &n a +ace o: ;an!er, an; &" reu&re; to act 3&tout t&me to con"&;er te be"t mean" tat ma bea;o+te; to avo&; te &m+en;&n! ;an!er, &" not !u&t o: ne!&!ence, &: e :a&" to a;o+t 3at "ub"euent an; u+on re:ect&on maa++ear to ave been a better meto;, une"" te emer!enc &n 3&c e :&n;" &m"e: &" brou!t about b &" o3n ne!&!ence. 4

Con"&;er&n! te 3et an; "&++er con;&t&on o: te roa; tat n&!t, Anton&o "ou; ave been +ru;ent to re;uce &" "+ee; an; &ncrea"e&" ;&"tance :rom te Pat:&n;er.

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La"t, becau"e e'em+ar ;ama!e" are a3ar;e; an; tat 3e :&n; &t eu&tabe tat e'+en"e" o: &t&!at&on "ou; be recovere;,73e :&n;&t "u::&c&ent an; rea"onabe enou! to !rant attorneK" :ee" o: P#,###.##. 8

Parentet&ca, te (an&:e"tat&on an; (ot&on 3&t not&ce o: can!e o: a;;re"" b coun"e :or re"+on;ent" an; te tran"m&tta o:CAK" rollocon"&"t&n! o: 2 +a!e" 3&t t3o attace; /u+reme Court +et&t&on", one :o;er o: or&!&na recor;" an; one :o;er o: tran"cr&+to: "teno!ra+&c note", b te u;&c&a Recor;" D&v&"&on, CA, are note;.

"R"(#R", te &n"tant +et&t&on" are !'RT+'LL3 GR'NT"D. e Dec&"&on o: te Court o: A++ea" &n CA-G.R. CH No. 7#$#&" '((+R"D Ei/ #D+(+C'T+#N). e a3ar; o: actua ;ama!e" &" ereb +NCR"')"DtoP1#7,###.##. e a3ar; o: mora;ama!e" &" R"D$C"Dto P##,###.##, te a3ar; o: tem+erate ;ama!e" :or o"" o: earn&n! ca+ac&t &"

&e3&"e R"D$C"Dto P##,###.##, an; te a3ar; o: e'em+ar ;ama!e" an; o: attorneK" :ee" are R"D$C"Dto P2##,###.##an; P#,###.##, re"+ect&ve. A oter a3ar;" o: te Court o: A++ea" are '((+R"D.

/% %RD>R>D.

'R+'N# C. D"L C')T+LL#A""oc&ate u"t&ce

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Re+ub&c o: te P&&++&ne")$!R"" C#$RT

(an&a

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23/79

5: , 2008

!+L+!!+N" )'F+NG) B'N,+et&t&oner,v".C#+NG (##D C#R!#R'T+#N,re"+on;ent.

D > C / % N

R"3"), R.T., J.

&" te +ecu&ar ua&t o: a :oo to +erce&ve te :aut o: oter" an; to :or!et &" o3n. Ang isang %a%atu&ang %atangian ng isanghangal ay !unahin ang %amalian ng iba at %alimutan naman ang sa %anya.

&" &" a +et&t&on :or rev&e3 on certiorario: te Dec&"&on1o: te Court o: A++ea" 6CA re&n"tat&n! te Dec&"&on o: te Re!&ona r&aCourt 6RC, (an&a, 0ranc . e RC or;ere; +et&t&oner P&&++&ne /av&n!" 0an 6P/0an an; &t" 0u"to" 0ranc r&n;a %./anto", to re&mbur"e re"+on;ent Co3&n! *oo; Cor+orat&on 6Co3&n! te amount corre"+on;&n! to :&ve 6 &e!a enca"e;cec".

Te (ac/s

0et3een (arc 1, 1989 an; Au!u"t 1#, 1989, oe Juan *oo; Cor+orat&on &""ue; &n :avor o: Co3&n! :&ve 6 P/0an cec" 3&t

te :oo3&n! number", ;ate" an; ;enom&nat&on"5

Cec No. Amount Date

#17#9 P 44,12#.## 1 (arc 1989

#$28 P1$,#2.87 #9 (a 1989

#74#2 P1#,1$8.12 #8 Au!u"t 1989

#74$1 P19,$4.1$ #8 Au!u"t 1989

#17#9 P #,#$.74 1# Au!u"t 19892

e tota amount o: te "ub?ect cec" reace; P,981.8.

%n te re"+ect&ve ;ue ;ate" o: eac cec, Co3&n!B" act&n! account&n! mana!er, R&no . (anzano, en;or"e; an; enca"e; "a&;cec" 3&t te 0u"to" branc o: re"+on;ent P/0an.$

A te :&ve cec" 3ere onore; b ;e:en;ant /anto", even 3&t on te en;or"ement o: (anzano a++rov&n! tem. e "&!nature" o:te oter autor&ze; o::&cer" o: re"+on;ent cor+orat&on 3ere ab"ent &n te :&ve 6 cec", contrar to u"ua ban&n!+ract&ce.4@ne'+ecte;, (anzano ab"con;e; 3&t an; m&"a++ro+r&ate; te cec +rocee;".

Fen Co3&n! :oun; out (anzanoB" "ceme, &t ;eman;e; re&mbur"ement :rom P/0an.Fen P/0an re:u"e; to +a, Co3&n!:&e; a com+a&nt7:or a "um o: mone 3&t ;ama!e" be:ore te RC. L&e3&"e &m+ea;e; 3ere P/0anB" +re"&;ent, Anton&o /. Abacan,an; 0u"to" branc ea;, /anto".8

0ot P/0an an; /anto" :&e; cro"" ca&m" an; t&r; +art com+a&nt" a!a&n"t (anzano. 9De"+&te a ;&&!ent e::ort", "ummon"e" 3erenot "erve; u+on t&r; +art ;e:en;ant (anzano. /anto" ;&; not tae an :urter act&on an; er t&r; +art com+a&nt 3a" arc&ve; .1#

(ean3&e, +et&t&oner cau"e; te "erv&ce o: &t" "ummon" on te cro""-ca&m an; t&r; +art com+a&nt" trou! +ub&cat&on. %n &t""ub"euent mot&on, (anzano 3a" ;ecare; &n ;e:aut :or :a&ure to :&e a re"+on"&ve +ea;&n!.11

Re"+on;ent :&e; a mot&on :or "ummar ?u;!ment. Pet&t&oner o++o"e; te mot&on. %n *ebruar 1, 199, te tr&a court ;en&e; temot&on v&a an or;er o: even ;ate.12

n &t" An"3er, +et&t&oner ;&; not controvert te :ore!o&n! :act", but ;en&e; &ab&&t to re"+on;ent :or te enca"e; cec". 1$Pet&t&onerban ma&nta &t e'erc&"e; ;ue ;&&!ence &n te "u+erv&"&on o: a &t" em+oee". t even ;&"m&""e; ;e:en;ant /anto" a:ter "e 3a":oun; !u&t o: ne!&!ence &n te +er:ormance o: er ;ut&e".14

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De:en;ant /anto", on te oter an;, ;en&e; tat "e a; been ne!&!ent &n er ?ob. /e averre; tat "e mere :oo3e; te banB"+ract&ce o: onor&n! re"+on;entB" cec" even &: accom+an&e; on b (anzanoB" en;or"ement.1

De:en;ant Abacan &e3&"e ;en&e; an &ab&&t to re"+on;ent. D.

F&t re"+ect to te cro"" ca&m o: ;e:en;ant P/0an a!a&n"t >r&n;a /anto" an; &t" t&r;-+art com+a&nt a!a&n"t R&no .(anzano, bot /anto" an; (anzano are ereb or;ere; to ?o&nt an; "evera, re&mbur"e ;e:en;ant P/0an 3ateveramount te atter "a be con"tra to +a +a&nt&:: &n connect&on 3&t t&" ca"e.

/% %RD>R>D.18

A!!r&eve;, +et&t&oner :&e; a mot&on :or recon"&;erat&on. rou! an %r;er ;ate; anuar 11, 1999, te RC rever"e; &t" ear&er ru&n!

an; e; tat &t 3a" re"+on;entB" o3n ne!&!ence tat 3a" te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te o"". e :ao o: te amen;e; RC ;ec&"&on no3rea;"5

n &!t o: te :ore!o&n! !roun;" an; ob"ervat&on", te Dec&"&on o: Au!u"t 24, 1998, b t&" Court &" accor;&n! mo;&:&e; a":oo3"5

1. %r;er&n! te ;&"m&""a o: te com+a&nt b te +a&nt&:: Co3&n! *oo; Cor+orat&on a!a&n"t te ;e:en;ant", P&&++&ne/av&n!" 0an 6P/0an an; >r&n;a /anto" :or ac o: ba"&" &n :act an; a3

2. %r;er&n! te t&r; +art ;e:en;ant, Re!&no or R&no . (anzano to +a te +a&nt&:: Co3&n! *oo; Cor+orat&on, te:oo3&n!5

a. o re&mbur"e te +a&nt&:: te amount o: P,981.8 +u" &ntere"t at te rate o: 12S +er annum :rom Au!u"t 1,

1989, unt& "a&; amount a" been :u "at&":&e;

b. o +a an attorneB" :ee eu&vaent to 2#S o: te tota amount ;ue te +a&nt&::

c. o +a an amount o: P1##,###.## te +a&nt&:: :or actua an; com+en"ator ;ama!e", +u" te co"t" o: t&" "u&t.

/% %RD>R>D.19

D&""at&":&e; 3&t te mo;&:&e; ru&n! o: te RC, re"+on;ent a++eae; to te CA.

C' Disposi/ion

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n &t" a++ea, re"+on;ent Co3&n! conten;e;, inter alia, tat te RC erre; &n ru&n! tat te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te o"" 3a" &t" o3nne!&!ence an; tat &t" ca&m 3a" barre; b e"to++e.

%n anuar $1, 2##7, te CA !rante; te a++ea, ;&"+o"&n! a" :oo3"5

FR>*%R>, te &n"tant a++ea &" GRAN>D. e or;er a++eae; :rom &" ereb /> A/D> an; te 24 Au!u"t 1998;ec&"&on &" con"euent R>N/A>D 3&t mo;&:&cat&on tat te a3ar;" o: attorneB" :ee", e'em+ar ;ama!e", an;ae!e; P1,###,###.## unrea&ze; +ro:&t" o: te a++eant are D>L>>D.

/ /% %RD>R>D.2#

e CA e; tat bot +et&t&oner P/0an an; /anto" "ou; bear te o"". /a&; te a++eate court5

t &" a;m&tte; tat P/0 ca"e;, over te counter, te cec" o: te a++eant &n;or"e; b (anzano aone. /&nce tere &" nomore ;&"+ute on te ne!&!ent act o: /anto" &n onor&n! te a++eantB" cec", over te counter, ;e"+&te te +ro+er&n;or"ement", te cate!or&ca :&n;&n! o: ne!&!ence a!a&n"t er, rema&n&n! unrebutte;, &" ;eeme; e"tab&"e;. &" &n e::ect3arrant" a :&n;&n! tat /anto" &" &abe :or ;ama!e" to te a++eant. e o3er court tere:ore erre; &n ;&"m&""&n! tecom+a&nt a!a&n"t er.21

*urter, te CA e; tat5

Contrar to P/0B" content&on tat &t "ou; not be e; &abe becau"e &t ne&ter con"ente; to nor a; no3e;!e o: /anto"B6"&c v&oat&on", "uc &ab&&t o: /anto" &" "o&;ar 3&t P/0 +ur"uant to Art&ce 217 &n reat&on to Art&ce 218# o: te C&v& Co;e

3&c "tate"5

Art. 217. Foever b act or om&""&on cau"e" ;ama!e to anoter, tere be&n! :aut or ne!&!ence, &" ob&!e; to +a:or te ;ama!e ;one....

Art. 218#. e ob&!at&on &m+o"e; b Art. 217 &" ;eman;abe not on :or oneB" o3n act" or om&""&on" but a"o :orto"e o: +er"on" :or 3om one &" re"+on"&be.

' ' ' '

>m+oer" "a be &abe :or te ;ama!e cau"e; b te&r em+oee" an; ou"eo; e+er" act&n! 3&t&n te "co+eo: te&r a""&!ne; ta"" even tou! te :ormer are not en!a!e; &n an bu"&ne"" or act&v&t.

' ' ' '

e re"+on"&b&&t treate; o: &n t&" art&ce "a cea"e 3en te +er"on" ere&n ment&one; +rove tat te ob"erve;a te ;&&!ence o: a !oo; :ater o: a :am& to +revent ;ama!e.

' ' '

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a" a;m&tte; b P/0, "uc over te counter enca"ment" are not even "anct&one; b &t" +o&c&e" but /anto" "&m+ &!nore; te"ame. t a++ear" cear tat /anto" et te o++ortun&t "&+ b 3en an e'erc&"e o: or;&nar +ru;ence e'+ecte; o: banem+oee" 3ou; ave "u::&ce; to +revent te o"".2$

+sses

Pet&t&oner a" re"orte; to te +re"ent recour"e an; a""&!n" to te CA te :oo3&n! error"5

C%@R %* APP>AL/ >RR>D N N% R@LNG /P%ND>N FA/ >/%PP>D*R%(A//>RNG / CLA( AGAN/ P>%N>R.

C%@R %* APP>AL/ >RR>D FN DD N% R@L> /P%ND>NB/ N>GLG>NC> FA/ PR%(A> CA@/> %* / %FN L%//. 6@n;er"cor&n! "u++&e;

#r R5ing

Te *oc/rine o6 ei/ab5e es/oppe5 or es/oppe5 in !ais6in*s no app5ica/ion in /e presen/ case. e eu&tabe ;octr&ne o:e"to++e 3a" e'+a b t&" Court &n Calte+ 6"ilippines7, %nc. v. Court of -ppeals524

@n;er te ;octr&ne o: e"to++e, an a;m&""&on or re+re"entat&on &" ren;ere; concu"&ve u+on te +er"on ma&n! &t, an; cannotbe ;en&e; or ;&"+rove; a" a!a&n"t te +er"on re&n! tereon. A +art ma not !o bac on &" o3n act" an; re+re"entat&on" tote +re?u;&ce o: te oter +art 3o re&e; u+on tem. n te a3 o: ev&;ence, 3enever a +art a", b &" o3n ;ecarat&on,act, or om&""&on, &ntent&ona an; ;e&berate e; anoter to be&eve a +art&cuar t&n! true, to act u+on "uc be&e:, e cannot,&n an &t&!at&on ar&"&n! out o: "uc ;ecarat&on, act, or om&""&on, be +erm&tte; to :a"&: &t. 2

e +r&nc&+e rece&ve; :urter eaborat&on &n Maneclan! v. Baun52

n e"to++e bpais, a" reate; to te +art "ou!t to be e"to++e;, &t &" nece""ar tat tere be a concurrence o: te :oo3&n!reu&"&te"5 6a con;uct amount&n! to :a"e re+re"entat&on or conceament o: mater&a :act" or at ea"t cacuate; to conve te&m+re""&on tat te :act" are oter3&"e tan, an; &ncon"&"tent 3&t, to"e 3&c te +art "ub"euent attem+t" to a""ert 6b&ntent, or at ea"t e'+ectat&on tat t&" con;uct "a be acte; u+on, or at ea"t &n:uence; b te oter +art an; 6cno3e;!e, actua or con"truct&ve o: te actua :act". 27

>"to++e ma var "ome3at &n ;e:&n&t&on, but a autor&t&e" a!ree tat a +art &nvo&n! te ;octr&ne mu"t ave been m&"e; to oneB"+re?u;&ce. at &" te :&na an;, &n rea&t, mo"t &m+ortant o: te eement" o: eu&tabe e"to++e.28t &" t&" eement tat &" ac&n! ere.

Fe a!ree 3&t te CA tat Co3&n! ;&; not mae an :a"e re+re"entat&on or conceament o: mater&a :act" &n reat&on to teenca"ment" o: te +rev&ou" cec". A" a;verte; to ear&er, re"+on;ent ma ave ao3e; (anzano to +rev&ou" enca" &t" cec",but &t a" a3a" been accom+an&e; 3&t te en;or"ement" o: te oter autor&ze; "&!nator&e". Re"+on;ent ;&; not ao3 +et&t&oner toave &t" cec" enca"e; 3&tout te "&!nature o: a o: &t" autor&ze; "&!nator&e".

e CA +o&nte; out5

Fe :&n; at te bac o: to"e cec", 3ereon &n;or"ement u"ua a++ear", te "&!nature o: (anzano to!et"er $it" ot"ersi!nature/si!natures tou! mo"t are &e!&be. t a++ear" ten tat, a""um&n! te a++eant &m+&e; toerate; te act o:(anzano &n &n;or"&n! te cec", &t ;&; not ao3 (anzano aone to &n;or"e &t" cec" a" 3at actua a++ene; &n t&"

ca"e becau"e &" +rev&ou" &n;or"ement" 3erecop5e* Ei/ o/er in*orsemen/s o6 /e appe55an/Hs signa/ories. ere &",tere:ore, no "u::&c&ent ev&;ence to "u"ta&n P/0B" "ubm&""&on. %n t&" "core aone, te ;e:en"e o: e"to++e mu"t:a&.296@n;er"cor&n! an; em+a"&" "u++&e;

Ne&ter can e"to++e be a++rec&ate; &n reat&on to +et&t&oner &t"e:. n 8alalo v. 9u,$#te Court enumerate; te eement" o: e"to++e &nt&" 3&"e5

' ' ' A" reate; to te +art ca&m&n! te e"to++e, te e""ent&a eement" are 61 ac o: no3e;!e an; o: te mean" o:no3e;!e o: te trut a" te :act" &n ue"t&on 62 re&ance, &n !oo; :a&t, u+on te con;uct an; "tatement" o: te +art to bee"to++e; 6$ act&on or &nact&on ba"e; tereon o: "uc caracter a" to can!e te +o"&t&on or "tatu" o: te +art ca&m&n! tee"to++e, to &" &n?ur, ;etr&ment or +re?u;&ce.$1

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(ea"ure; b te :ore!o&n! ar;"t&c, te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te o"" &" not re"+on;entB" ae!e; ne!&!ence &n ao3&n! (anzano totae o; an; enca" re"+on;entB" cec". e +ro'&mate cau"e &" +et&t&onerB" o3n ne!&!ence &n te "u+erv&"&on o: &t" em+oee"3en &t overooe; te &rre!uar +ract&ce o: enca"&n! cec" even 3&tout te reu&"&te en;or"ement".

n Ban5 of t"e "ilippine %slands v. Casa Montessori %nternationale,41t&" Court "&m&ar e;5

*or ao3&n! +ament on te cec" to a 3ron!:u an; :&ct&t&ou" +aee, 0P - te ;ra3ee ban - become" &abe to &t" ;e+o"&tor-;ra3er. /&nce te enca"&n! ban &" one o: &t" brance", 0P can ea"& !o a:ter &t an; o; &t &abe :or re&mbur"ement. ' ' ' nbot a3 an; eu&t, 3en one o: t3o &nnocent +er"on" mu"t "u::er b te 3ron!:u act o: a t&r; +er"on, te o"" mu"t beborne b te one 3o"e ne!&!ence 3a" te +ro'&mate cau"e o: te o"" or 3o +ut &t &nto te +o3er o: te t&r; +er"on to

+er+etrate te 3ron!.42

*urter, te Court rue;5

Pur"uant to &t" +r&me ;ut to a"certa&n 3e te !enu&nene"" o: te "&!nature" o: &t" c&ent-;e+o"&tor" on cec" be&n!enca"e;, 0P &" e'+ecte; to u"e rea"onabe bu"&ne"" +ru;ence. n te +er:ormance o: tat ob&!at&on, &t &" boun; b &t"&nterna ban&n! rue" an; re!uat&on" tat :orm +art o: te contract &t enter" &nto 3&t &t" ;e+o"&tor".

@n:ortunate, &t :a&e; &n tat re!ar;. ' ' ' F&tout e'erc&"&n! te reu&re; +ru;ence on &t" +art, 0P acce+te; an; enca"e;te e&!t cec" +re"ente; to &t. 's a res5/, i/ pro=ima/e5: con/rib/e* /o /e 6ra* an* so5* be e5* primari5: 5iab5e6or /e Ineg5igence o6 i/s o66icers or agen/s Een ac/ing Ei/in /e corse an* scope o6 /eir emp5o:men/.I +/ ms/bear /e 5oss.4$

"R"(#R", te +et&t&on &" D"N+"D:or ac o: mer&t.

)# #RD"R"D.

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Re+ub&c o: te P&&++&ne"

)$!R"" C#$RT(an&a

>N 0ANC

G.R. No. 18871 'gs/ 1, 201

D'R+# N'C'R,P>%N>R,v".G'LL"R3 (R'") 'NDJ#R ("L+!" B#RD"3, >R.,R>/P%ND>N/.

D > C / % N

!"R'LT', J.:

&" &" a +et&t&on :or rev&e3 on cert&orar& a""a&&n! te Dec&"&on1;ate; /e+tember 2$, 2##8 o: te Court o: A++ea" 6CA &n CA-G.R. /PNo. 9891, an; te Re"out&on2;ate; %ctober 9, 2##9 ;en&n! +et&t&onerK" mot&on :or recon"&;erat&on.

e :actua antece;ent" are un;&"+ute;.

Pet&t&oner Dar&o Nacar :&e; a com+a&nt :or con"truct&ve ;&"m&""a be:ore te Arb&trat&on 0ranc o: te Nat&ona Labor Reat&on"Comm&""&on 6NLRC a!a&n"t re"+on;ent" Gaer *rame" 6G* an;or *e&+e 0or;e, r., ;ocete; a" NLRC NCR Ca"e No. #1-##19-97.

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%n %ctober 1, 1998, te Labor Arb&ter ren;ere; a Dec&"&on$&n :avor o: +et&t&oner an; :oun; tat e 3a" ;&"m&""e; :rom em+oment3&tout a va&; or ?u"t cau"e. u", +et&t&oner 3a" a3ar;e; bac3a!e" an; "e+arat&on +a &n &eu o: re&n"tatement &n te amounto: P18,919.92. e ;&"+o"&t&ve +ort&on o: te ;ec&"&on, rea;"5

F&t te :ore!o&n!, 3e :&n; an; "o rue tat re"+on;ent" :a&e; to ;&"car!e te bur;en o: "o3&n! tat com+a&nant 3a" ;&"m&""e;:rom em+oment :or a ?u"t or va&; cau"e. A te more, &t &" cear :rom te recor;" tat com+a&nant 3a" never a::or;e; ;ue +roce""be:ore e 3a" term&nate;. A" "uc, 3e are +er:orce con"tra to !rant com+a&nantK" +raer :or te +ament" o: "e+arat&on +a &n&eu o: re&n"tatement to &" :ormer +o"&t&on, con"&;er&n! te "tra reat&on"&+ bet3een te +art&e", an; &" a++arent reuctance to bere&n"tate;, com+ute; on u+ to +romu!at&on o: t&" ;ec&"&on a" :oo3"5

/>PARA%N PA=

Date R>D.4

Re"+on;ent" a++eae; to te NLRC, but &t 3a" ;&"m&""e; :or ac o: mer&t &n te Re"out&on ;ate; *ebruar 29, 2###. Accor;&n!, teNLRC "u"ta te ;ec&"&on o: te Labor Arb&ter. Re"+on;ent" :&e; a mot&on :or recon"&;erat&on, but &t 3a" ;en&e;.

D&""at&":&e;, re"+on;ent" :&e; a Pet&t&on :or Rev&e3 on Cert&orar& be:ore te CA. %n Au!u"t 24, 2###, te CA &""ue; a Re"out&on;&"m&""&n! te +et&t&on. Re"+on;ent" :&e; a (ot&on :or Recon"&;erat&on, but &t 3a" &e3&"e ;en&e; &n a Re"out&on ;ate; (a 8, 2##1.7

Re"+on;ent" ten "ou!t re&e: be:ore te /u+reme Court, ;ocete; a" G.R. No. 11$$2. *&n;&n! no rever"&be error on te +art o: teCA, t&" Court ;en&e; te +et&t&on &n te Re"out&on ;ate; A+r& 17, 2##2.8

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An >ntr o: u;!ment 3a" ater &""ue; cert&:&n! tat te re"out&on became :&na an; e'ecutor on (a 27, 2##2.9e ca"e 3a",terea:ter, re:erre; bac to te Labor Arb&ter. A +re-e'ecut&on con:erence 3a" con"euent "ce;ue;, but re"+on;ent" :a&e; toa++ear.1#

%n November , 2##2, +et&t&oner :&e; a (ot&on :or Correct Com+utat&on, +ra&n! tat &" bac3a!e" be com+ute; :rom te ;ate o: &";&"m&""a on anuar 24, 1997 u+ to te :&na&t o: te Re"out&on o: te /u+reme Court on (a 27, 2##2. 11@+on recom+utat&on, teCom+utat&on an; >'am&nat&on @n&t o: te NLRC arr&ve; at an u+;ate; amount &n te "um o: P471,$2#.$1 .12

%n December 2, 2##2, a Fr&t o: >'ecut&on1$3a" &""ue; b te Labor Arb&ter or;er&n! te /er&:: to coect :rom re"+on;ent" te totaamount o: P471,$2#.$1. Re"+on;ent" :&e; a (ot&on to ua" Fr&t o: >'ecut&on, ar!u&n!, amon! oter t&n!", tat "&nce te Labor

Arb&ter a3ar;e; "e+arat&on +a o: P2,98. an; &m&te; bac3a!e" o:P9,9$$.$, no more recom+utat&on &" reu&re; to be ma;e o:te "a&; a3ar;". e ca&me; tat a:ter te ;ec&"&on become" :&na an; e'ecutor, te "ame cannot be atere; or amen;e;anmore.14%n anuar 1$, 2##$, te Labor Arb&ter &""ue; an %r;er1;en&n! te mot&on. u", an A&a" Fr&t o: >'ecut&on13a" &""ue;on anuar 14, 2##$.

Re"+on;ent" a!a&n a++eae; be:ore te NLRC, 3&c on une $#, 2##$ &""ue; a Re"out&on17!rant&n! te a++ea &n :avor o: tere"+on;ent" an; or;ere; te recom+utat&on o: te ?u;!ment a3ar;.

%n Au!u"t 2#, 2##$, an >ntr o: u;!ment 3a" &""ue; ;ecar&n! te Re"out&on o: te NLRC to be :&na an; e'ecutor. Con"euent,anoter +re-e'ecut&on con:erence 3a" e;, but re"+on;ent" :a&e; to a++ear on t&me. (ean3&e, +et&t&oner move; tat an A&a" Fr&t o:>'ecut&on be &""ue; to en:orce te ear&er recom+ute; ?u;!ment a3ar; &n te "um o: P471,$2#.$1.18

e recor;" o: te ca"e 3ere a!a&n :or3ar;e; to te Com+utat&on an; >'am&nat&on @n&t :or recom+utat&on, 3ere te ?u;!ment a3ar;o: +et&t&oner 3a" rea""e""e; to be &n te tota amount o: on P147,#.19.

Pet&t&oner ten move; tat a 3r&t o: e'ecut&on be &""ue; or;er&n! re"+on;ent" to +a &m te or&!&na amount a" ;eterm b teLabor Arb&ter &n &" Dec&"&on ;ate; %ctober 1, 1998, +en;&n! te :&na com+utat&on o: &" bac3a!e" an; "e+arat&on +a.

%n anuar 14, 2##$, te Labor Arb&ter &""ue; an A&a" Fr&t o: >'ecut&on to "at&": te ?u;!ment a3ar; tat 3a" ;ue to +et&t&oner &n teamount o: P147,#.19, 3&c +et&t&oner eventua rece&ve;.

Pet&t&oner ten :&e; a (an&:e"tat&on an; (ot&on +ra&n! :or te re-com+utat&on o: te monetar a3ar; to &ncu;e te a++ro+r&ate&ntere"t".19

%n (a 1#, 2##, te Labor Arb&ter &""ue; an %r;er2#!rant&n! te mot&on, but on u+ to te amount o:P11,49.7$. e Labor Arb&terrea"one; tat &t &" te %ctober 1, 1998 Dec&"&on tat "ou; be en:orce; con"&;er&n! tat &t 3a" te one tat became :&na an;e'ecutor. /P>C, C%@R %* APP>AL/ />R%@/L= >RR>D, C%((>D GRAH> A0@/> %*D/CR>%N AND D>CD>D C%NRAR= % LAF N @P/%N>D R>/%L@%N/ %* NLRC FR %* LA0%R AR0>R (AGA (AJNG D/P%/H> P%R%N %* %C%0>R 1, 1998 D>C/%N %* LA0%R AR0>R L@/RA /@0/>RH>N % AN %PN%N >PR>//>D N 0%D= %* /A(> D>C/%N.2

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Pet&t&oner ar!ue" tat not3&t"tan;&n! te :act tat tere 3a" a com+utat&on o: bac3a!e" &n te Labor Arb&terK" ;ec&"&on, te "ame &"not :&na unt& re&n"tatement &" ma;e or unt& :&na&t o: te ;ec&"&on, &n ca"e o: an a3ar; o: "e+arat&on +a. Pet&t&oner ma&nta&n" tatcon"&;er&n! tat te %ctober 1, 1998 ;ec&"&on o: te Labor Arb&ter ;&; not become :&na an; e'ecutor unt& te A+r& 17, 2##2Re"out&on o: te /u+reme Court &n G.R. No. 11$$2 3a" entere; &n te 0oo o: >ntr&e" on (a 27, 2##2, te recon&n! +o&nt :or tecom+utat&on o: te bac3a!e" an; "e+arat&on +a "ou; be on (a 27, 2##2 an; not 3en te ;ec&"&on o: te Labor Arb&ter 3a"ren;ere; on %ctober 1, 1998. *urter, +et&t&oner +o"&t" tat e &" a"o ent&te; to te +ament o: &ntere"t :rom te :&na&t o: te;ec&"&on unt& :u +ament b te re"+on;ent".

%n te&r +art, re"+on;ent" a""ert tat "&nce on "e+arat&on +a an; &m&te; bac3a!e" 3ere a3ar;e; to +et&t&oner b te %ctober 1,1998 ;ec&"&on o: te Labor Arb&ter, no more recom+utat&on &" reu&re; to be ma;e o: "a&; a3ar;". Re"+on;ent" &n"&"t tat "&nce te

;ec&"&on cear "tate; tat te "e+arat&on +a an; bac3a!e" are com+ute; on u+ to TteU +romu!at&on o: t&" ;ec&"&on, an;con"&;er&n! tat +et&t&oner no on!er a++eae; te ;ec&"&on, +et&t&oner &" on ent&te; to te a3ar; a" com+ute; b te Labor Arb&ter &nte tota amount o:P18,919.92. Re"+on;ent" a;;e; tat &t 3a" on ;ur&n! te e'ecut&on +rocee;&n!" tat te +et&t&oner ue"t&one;te a3ar;, on! a:ter te ;ec&"&on a; become :&na an; e'ecutor. Re"+on;ent" conten; tat to ao3 te :urter recom+utat&on o: tebac3a!e" to be a3ar;e; to +et&t&oner at t&" +o&nt o: te +rocee;&n!" 3ou; "ub"tant&a var te ;ec&"&on o: te Labor Arb&ter a" &tv&oate" te rue on &mmutab&&t o: ?u;!ment".

e +et&t&on &" mer&tor&ou".

e &n"tant ca"e &" "&m&ar to te ca"e o: /e""&on De&!t" ce Cream an; *a"t *oo;" v. Court o: A++ea" 6/&'t D&v&"&on, 273ere&n te&""ue "ubm&tte; to te Court :or re"out&on 3a" te +ro+r&et o: te com+utat&on o: te a3ar;" ma;e, an; 3eter t&" v&oate; te+r&nc&+e o: &mmutab&&t o: ?u;!ment. L&e &n te +re"ent ca"e, &t 3a" a ;&"t&nct :eature o: te ?u;!ment o: te Labor Arb&ter &n te above-c&te; ca"e tat te ;ec&"&on area; +rov&;e; :or te com+utat&on o: te +aabe "e+arat&on +a an; bac3a!e" ;ue an; ;&; not :urteror;er te com+utat&on o: te monetar a3ar;" u+ to te t&me o: te :&na&t o: te ?u;!ment. A"o &n /e""&on De&!t", te ;&"m&""e;em+oee :a&e; to a++ea te ;ec&"&on o: te abor arb&ter. e Court car&:&e;, tu"5

n concrete term", te ue"t&on &" 3eter a re-com+utat&on &n te cour"e o: e'ecut&on o: te abor arb&terB" or&!&na com+utat&on o: tea3ar;" ma;e, +e!!e; a" o: te t&me te ;ec&"&on 3a" ren;ere; an; con:&rme; 3&t mo;&:&cat&on b a :&na CA ;ec&"&on, &" e!a+ro+er. e ue"t&on &" +o"e;, !&ven tat te +et&t&oner ;&; not &mme;&ate +a te a3ar;" "tate; &n te or&!&na abor arb&terB" ;ec&"&on&t ;eae; +ament becau"e &t cont&nue; 3&t te &t&!at&on unt& :&na ?u;!ment at te CA eve.

A "ource o: m&"un;er"tan;&n! &n &m+ement&n! te :&na ;ec&"&on &n t&" ca"e +rocee;" :rom te 3a te or&!&na abor arb&ter :rame; &";ec&"&on. e ;ec&"&on con"&"t" e""ent&a o: t3o +art".

e :&r"t &" tat +art o: te ;ec&"&on tat cannot no3 be ;&"+ute; becau"e &t a" been con:&rme; 3&t :&na&t. &" &" te :&n;&n! o: te&e!a&t o: te ;&"m&""a an; te a3ar;" o: "e+arat&on +a &n &eu o: re&n"tatement, bac3a!e", attorneB" :ee", an; e!a &ntere"t".

e "econ; +art &" te com+utat&on o: te a3ar;" ma;e. %n &t" :ace, te com+utat&on te abor arb&ter ma;e "o3" tat &t 3a" t&me-

boun; a" can be "een :rom te :&!ure" u"e; &n te com+utat&on. &" +art, be&n! mere a com+utat&on o: 3at te :&r"t +art o: te;ec&"&on e"tab&"e; an; ;ecare;, can, b &t" nature, be re-com+ute;. &" &" te +art, too, tat te +et&t&oner no3 +o"&t" "ou; noon!er be re-com+ute; becau"e te com+utat&on &" area; &n te abor arb&terB" ;ec&"&on tat te CA a; a::&rme;. e +ub&c an;+r&vate re"+on;ent", on te oter an;, +o"&t tat a re-com+utat&on &" nece""ar becau"e te re&e: &n an &e!a ;&"m&""a ;ec&"&on !oe"a te 3a u+ to re&n"tatement &: re&n"tatement &" to be ma;e, or u+ to te :&na&t o: te ;ec&"&on, &: "e+arat&on +a &" to be !&ven &n &eure&n"tatement.

at te abor arb&terB" ;ec&"&on, at te "ame t&me tat &t :oun; tat an &e!a ;&"m&""a a; taen +ace, a"o ma;e a com+utat&on o: tea3ar;, &" un;er"tan;abe &n &!t o: /ect&on $, Rue H o: te ten NLRC Rue" o: Proce;ure 3&c reu&re" tat a com+utat&on bema;e. &" /ect&on &n +art "tate"5

TUe Labor Arb&ter o: or&!&n, &n ca"e" &nvov&n! monetar a3ar;" an; at a event", a" :ar a" +ract&cabe, "a embo; &n an "uc;ec&"&on or or;er te ;eta&e; an; :u amount a3ar;e;.

Cear &m+&e; :rom t&" or&!&na com+utat&on &" &t" currenc u+ to te :&na&t o: te abor arb&terB" ;ec&"&on. A" 3e note; above, t&"&m+&cat&on &" a++arent :rom te term" o: te com+utat&on &t"e:, an; no ue"t&on 3ou; ave ar&"en a; te +art&e" term&nate; te ca"ean; &m+emente; te ;ec&"&on at tat +o&nt.

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t 3a" at t&" +o&nt tat te +re"ent ca"e aro"e. *ocu"&n! on te core &e!a ;&"m&""a +ort&on o: te or&!&na abor arb&terB" ;ec&"&on, te&m+ement&n! abor arb&ter or;ere; te a3ar; re-com+ute; e a++arent rea; te :&!u