Case uses

Case uses

NOMINATIVE

• SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

• RENAMES SUBJECT AFTER LINKING VERB

VOCATIVE

• DIRECT ADDRESS; USED TO CALL SOMEONE/SOMETHING

GENITIVE

• SHOWS POSSESSION– MRS. EAGLE’S DOG UNDERESTANDS

LATIN.– MATRONAE AQUILAE CANIS LATINAM

INTELLEGIT.

GENITIVE

• DESCRIPTION/QUALITY: A NOUN AND ADJECTIVE DESCRIBING ANOTHER NOUN

• BRUTUS ERAT DUX MAGNAE VIRTUTIS.

• BRUTUS WAS A LEADER OF GREAT COURAGE

GENITIVE

• QUANTITY: WITH CERTAIN ADJECTIVES TO EXPLAIN WHAT THERE IS A QUANTITY OF

• MARCUS ANTONIUS BIBIT NIMIUM VINI.

• MARC ANTONY DRANK TOO MUCH WINE.

GENITIVE

• USED WITH THE FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:AVIDUS,CONSCIUS, CUPIDUS, EXPERS, MEMOR, IMMEMOR, NESCIUS, PERITUS, PLENUS, STUDIOSUS, SIMILIS, DISSIMLIS– CATO ERAT EXPERS HUMILITATIS.– CATO WAS LACKING IN HUMILITY.

GENITIVE

• USED WITH IMPERSONAL VERBS TO SHOW THE CAUSE OF FEELINGS– ME TAEDET CALIDAE AESTATE– I AM TIRED OF THE HOT SUMMER

GENITIVE

• VALUE: TELLS HOW MUCH SOMETHING IS WORTH– DOMITIAN PUTAVIT SUUM FRATREM

TITUM NULLIUS MOMENTI– DOMITIAN THOUGHT HIS BROTHER

TITUS OF NO IMPORTANCE.

GENITIVE

• PARTITIVE: TELLS THE GROUP OF WHICH A PART IS MENTIONED

• PART OF THE GIRLS WERE LAUGHING.

• PARS PUELLARUM RIDEBAT.

GENITIVE

• USED WITH SPECIAL VERBS , ESPECIALLY OF REMEMBERING OR FORGETTING– OBLITA SUM PECUNIAE– I WAS FORGETFUL OF MONEY

DATIVE

• INDIRECT OBJECT; TO WHOM OR FOR WHOM SOMETHING IS GIVEN, SHOWN, OR TOLD

– BRUTUS DEMONSTRAVIT LUCRETIAE CORPUS POPULIS.

– BRUTUS SHOWED LUCRETIA’S BODY TO THE PEOPLE

DATIVE

• ADVANTAGE: TO WHOSE ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE

– CATO SERVAVIT REM PUBLICAM ROMINIS,

– CATO SAVED THE REBULIC FOR THE ROMANS.

DATIVE

• SEPARATION: FROM WHOM/WHAT SOMETHING IS SEPARATED

– LUCRETIA RAPTA EST COLLATINO.– LUCRATIA WAS SNATCHED FROM

COLLATINUS.

DATIVE

• SOME VERBS WILL USE THIS CASE FOR THE OBJECT: APPROPINQUO, CONFIDO, DIFFIDO, CONSULO, CREDO, FAVEO, GRATULOR, IGNOSCO, IMMINEO, INDULGEO, INVIDEO, IRASCOR, MEDEOR, NOCEO, NUBO, OBSTO, OCCURRO, SUCCURRO, PARCO, PAREO, PERSUADEO, PLACEO, DISPLICEO, PRAECIPIO, RESISTO, SERVIO, STUDEO, SUBVENIO

DATIVE

• COMPOUNDS OF SUM EXCEPT POSSUM, ABSUM, INSUM ARE FOLLOWED BY THE DATIVE:adsum, desum,intersum,praesum,prosum, supersum

• SOME COMPOUND VERBS BOTH TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE ALSO TAKE THE DATIVE

DATIVE

• TO SHOW POSSESSION WITH A FORM OF SUM– ERAT CORIOLANI BELLUM.– THERE WAS A WAR FOR CORILANUS.

DATIVE

• SHOWS THE PERSON/THING OBLIGATED TO PERFORM THE PASSIVE PERIPHRASTIC– CARTHAGO DELENDA EST ROMANIS.– CARTHAGE MUST BE DESTROYED BY

THE ROMANS.

DATIVE

USED TO SHOW PURPOSE FOR WHICH SOMETHING IS DONE OR EXISTS

CAESAR LEGIT OCTAVIANUM HEREDI.

CAESAR CHOOSES OCTAVIUS FOR HIS HEIR.

ACCUSATIVE

• DURATION: TELLS HOW LONG SOMETHING LASTS– CELEBRAVIMUS TOTUM MENSEM.– We celebrated the whole month.

ACCUSATIVE

• PLACE TO: SHOWS MOTION TOWARD– NAVIGAMUS AD SICILIAM– WE ARE SAILING TO SICILY

ACCUSATIVE

• EXTENT: TELLS HOW FAR SOMETHING GOES

– THE WALL EXTENDED FOR THREE MILES.

– MURUS TENDIT TRES MILIA PASSUUM.

ACCUSATIVE

• PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES: MOST LATIN PREPOSITIONS USE THE ACCUSATIVE FOR THEIR OBJECTS– ANTE, APUD, AD, ADVERSUS, CIRCUM,CIRCA,

CITRA, CIS, CONTRA, INTER, ERGA, EXTRA, INFRA, INTRA, IUXTA, OB,PENES, PONE, POST, PRAETER, PROPE, PROPTER, PER, SECUNDUM, SUPRA, VERSUS, TRANS,ULTRA, SUPER, *IN, *SUB, *SUBTER

• *MUST HAVE IDEA OF MOTION TOWARDS

ACCUSATIVE

• SUBJECT OF INDIRECT STATEMENT– CATO PUTAVIT CARTHAGINEM DEBERE

DELERI.– CATO THOUGHT HTAT CARTHAGE

OUGHT TO BE DESTROYED.

ACCUSATIVE

• DIRECT OBJECT; RECEIVES THE VERB FOR MOST VERBS

– CATO VIDET CARTHAGINEM.– CATO SEES CARTHAGE

ACCUSATIVE

• EXCLAMATION– ME MISERUM!– POOR ME!

ABLATIVE

• TIME: SHOWS WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENS; NO PREPOSITION– AT THE NINTH HOUR, CATO WENT TO

HIS FRIEND’S HOUSE,– NONA HORA CATON AD SUI AMICI

VILLAM VENIT.

ABLATIVE

• DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE: USUALLY USED WITH COMPARISON TO SHOW HOW MUCH THE DIFFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO COMPARED ITEMS IS– CINNCINNATUS ERAT MULTO FIDELIOR

SULLA.– CINNCINNATUS WAS MUCH MORE

LOYAL THAN SULLA.

ABLATIVE

• COMPARISON: WHEN COMPARING TWO THINGS, THE SECOND CAN BE PUT IN THE ABLATIVE WITHOUT A PREPOSITION– CINNCINNATUS ERAT FIDELIOR

PATRIAE SULLA.– CINNCINNATUS WAS MORE FAITHFUL

TO HIS COUNTRY THAN SULLA.

ABLATIVE

• THE FOLLOWING PREPOSITIONS USE THE ABLATIVE FOR THEIR OBECTS:– A, AB, E, EX, DE, CUM, PRAE, PRO,

SINE,*IN, *SUB– *USE ABLATI VE FOR LOCATION

ABLATIVE

• GENERALLY ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS WHERE? WHEN? HOW? WHY?

ABLATIVE

• PRICE: SHOWS THE PRICE PAID– CAESAR ‘S FRIENDSHIP WITH BRUTUS

WAS AT A CONSIDERABLE PRICE– CAESARIS AMICITIA CUM BRUTO ERAT

MAGNO PRETIO

ABLATIVE

• MEANS/INSTRUMENT: SHOWS THE THING USED TO COMPLETE AN ACTION; NO PREPOSITION; SHOULDN’T BE A PERSON– CAESAR INTERFECTUS EST PUGIONE.– CAESAR WAS KILLED BY A DAGGER– (ACTUALLY BY MANY DAGGERS)

ABLATIVE

• PLACE WHERE: SHOWS LOCATION USING THE PREPOSITIONS IN, SUB WHICH CAN BE OMITTED WITH CITY NAMES– HABITABAMUS IN INSULIS.– WE USED TO LIVE IN APARTMENTS

ABLATIVE

• PLACE FROM: SHOWS THE LOCATION BEING LEFT WITH THE PREPOSITIONS A,AB,E,EX,DE

– MOVIMUS EX INSULIS.– WE MOVED FROM THE APARTMENTS.

ABLATIVE

• DIRECT OBJECT OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS: FRUOR(ENJOY, HAVE BENEFIT OF), FUNGOR,(PERFORM, DISCHARGE) POTIOR(GAIN POSSESSION OF) , UTOR( USE), VESCOR ( FEED ON)

• UTA SUM MEIS PECUNIIS DONO.• I USED MY OWN MONEY FOR THE GIFT.

ABLATIVE

• SHOWS THE SPECIFIC PRICE – LUCILLA VENDEBATUR CENTUM

DENARIIS.– LUCILLA WAS BEING SOLD FOR 100

DENARII.

ABLATIVE

• DESCRIPTION: A NOUN AND ADJECTIVE DESCRIBE ANOTHER NOUN WITHOUT A PREPOSITION

• CATO ERAT VIR DURIS SENTENTIIS.

• Cato was a man of harsh opinions.

ABLATIVE

• PERSONAL AGENT: SHOWS THE PERSON WHOM PERFORMS THE PASSIVE VERB; USE THE PREPOSITION A/AB– CAESAR INTERFECTUS EST A BRUTO.– CAESAR WAS KILLED BY BRUTUS.