Case Study of Photo Voltaic Cells Using Solar Lantern

8/9/2019 Case Study of Photo Voltaic Cells Using Solar Lantern

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CASE STUDY OF PHOTOVOLTAICCELLS USING SOLAR

LANTERN


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ABSTRACT:

y Various forms of energy are available on the earth. They consist of wind energy, hydro electric energy,thermal energy, nuclear energy and solar energy. among the others solar energy and its applications areslowly becoming popular all over the world. The main advantage of solar energy is that it is nonpollutingor eco friendly. Another reason for the usage of solar energy is that it is everlasting and is available allover the earth. Solar energy can be used for heating and lighting systems.

y

The disruption of oil supplies to the industrialized world led to serious consideration of Photovoltaics asa terrestrial power source. This application focused research attention on improving performance,lowering costs and increasing reliability of the photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic are a high-technologyapproach to converting sunlight directly into electrical energy. The electricity is direct current and can beused that way, converted to alternating current or stored for later use.

y The solar lantern is a portable lighting system in which Solar Photo Voltaic power systems convertssunlight into electricity. A typical solar lantern consists of A SPV panel which has a group ofinterconnected SPV cells, battery, and a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL).

y So in the present work we are studying about solar energy usage by solar lantern and construction ofsolar lantern


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INTRODUCTION

y The solar lantern is a portable lighting system. Being light in weight, it is easy to carry around andtherefore ideal for both indoor and outdoor usage.

y A typical solar lantern consists of a SPV module, battery, and a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). A solarlantern is designed to have three-day autonomy, that is, to function for three days without sunlight.

y The SPV is permanently installed on rooftop level. The incident solar radiation is converted intoelectricity, which charges the battery. A green LED light indicates the charging of the battery. At night,the lantern is simply detached and used wherever required. The battery provides power to the lamp.


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CONTENTS

The main contents are

1. Solar lantern

2. Components of solar lantern

3. Photovoltaics

4. The photo voltaic effect

5. Generations of solar cells

6. Equivalent circuit of solar cell

7. Records about solar cell

8. Applications of solar photovoltaic system

9. Conclusion


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SOLAR LANTERN

A Solar lantern is a simple application of solarphotovoltaic technology.

Even in the urban areas people prefer a solarlantern as an alternative during power cuts becauseof its simple mechanism.

THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF SOLAR LANTERN

THE SOLAR PV PANEL

THE STORAGE BATTERY AND

THE LAMP

WORKING OF SOLAR LANTERN

The solar energy is converted to electrical energyby the SPV panel and stored in a sealedmaintenance-free battery for later use during thenight hours.

A singlecharge can operate the lamp for about 4-5

hours.


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COMPONENTS OF SOLAR LANTERN

y SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

1. The Solar panel is used to convert the sun light directly into electricity to charge the battery.

2. The size of the panel depends on the power of the lantern.

y ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

1. Electronic circuit receives DC power from solar module and converts in to AC power.

y BATTERY

1. The battery is mainly used to store the electrical energy.

2. The capacity of battery is denoted by Ampere-hour(Ah).

y COMPACT FLUOROSCENT LAMP

1. This receives the power from the battery and gives the actual light.


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PHOTOVOLTAIC'S: UNLIMITED ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM

THE SUN

Photovoltaics are a high-technology approach to

converting sunlight directly into electrical energy.

The electricity is direct current and can be used that

way, converted to alternating current or stored for lateruse.

A solar cell is made up of semiconductor material

generally silicon, it may be a monocrystalline,

polycrystalline or amorphous.

Although polycrystalline materials result in lessefficient solar cells than crystalline silicon, they are

sufficiently cheaper that they are commercially viable.


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THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT

The photovoltaic effect is the basic physical

process through which a PV cell converts sunlight

into electricity.

Photons--packets of solar energy generate

electricity.

The energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in

an atom of the semiconductor device and escapes from its

normal position to become a part of the current in anexternal circuit


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GENERATIONS IN SOLAR CELLS

Three generations of solar cells

Solar Cells are classified into three generations which indicates the order of which each became important

First Generation (Crystalline silicon and Vacuum deposition)

1. First generation cells consist of large-area, high quality and single junction devices.

2. First Generation technologies involve high energy and labour inputs which prevent any significant progress in reducing

production costs.

3. Single junction silicon devices are approaching the theoretical limiting efficiency of 33%

Second Generation (Thin-film cell)

1. The most successful second generation materials have been cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide,

amorphous silicon and micromorphous silicon.

2.These materials are applied in a thin film to a supporting substrate such as glass or ceramics reducing material mass

and therefore costs.

Third Generation(Third generation solar cell)

1.Third generation technologies aim to enhance poor electrical performance of second generation

(thin-film technologies) while maintaining very low production costs.


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EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF SOLAR CELL

Equivalent circuit of a solar cell

The schematic symbol of a solar cell


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RECORDS ABOUT SOLAR CELL

Monocrystalline Si

In 1994, the University of New South Wales (UNSW) reported the highest silicon solar cell efficiency of 24.7% with

their PERL cell technology. This record has been valid unti l 2008.

UNSW's ARC Photovoltaic Centre of Excellence has reported the first si licon solar cell to achieve the milestone of25 per cent efficiency.

Polycrystaline Si

Multiple junction solar cells

The record for multiple junction solar cells is disputed. A team lead by the University of Delaware, the Fraunhofer

Institute, and NREL all claim the world record title at 42.8, 41.1, and 40.8 percent, respectively.

Thin film solar cells

In 2002, the highest reported efficiency for solar cells based on thin films of CdTe is 18%, which was achieved by

the research group of prof. I.M.Dharmadasa at Sheffield Hallam University in the United Kingdom.

The US national renewable energy research facility NREL achieved an efficiency of19.9% for the solar cells based

on copper indium gallium selenide thin films, also known as CIGS.


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There are a few approaches to achieving these high efficiencies:

Multijunction photovoltaic cell (multiple energy threshold devices).

Modifying incident spectrum (concentration).

Use of excess thermal generation (caused by UV light) to enhance voltages or carrier collection.

Use of infrared spectrum to produce electricity at night.


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SYSTEM

Following are the general uses of photovoltaic system:-

y Solar lantern

y Solar home lighting system

y Solar street lighting system

y

Solar powered traffic signaly SPV-based information display systems

y SPV Pumping System

y Solar fencing system

y Solar fan cap

y Solar mobile charger


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T h e v o l t a g e , c u r r e n t , i l l u m i n a t i o n a r e b e i n g

o b s e r v e d b y u s i n g d i g i t a l m u l t i m e t e r a n d l u xm e t e r .

T h e g r a p h s h a s t o b e d r a w n a n d t h e c a s es t u d y h a s t o b e d o n e

CONCLUSION


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ANY QUARIES?

Case Study of Photo Voltaic Cells Using Solar Lantern

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