Case Presentation

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation

A project submitted

In partial fulfilment

of the requirements in

RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE II

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

II – G

SY 2008 – 2009

CONTENTS

I. Introduction

II. Objective of the Case Study

III. Background of the Study

a. Community Spot Map

b. History of the Barangay

c. Barangay Profile

IV. Significance of the Study

a. Student Nurse

b. Family

c. Community

d. Barangay Health Worker

e. Clinical Instructor

V. Scope and Limitation of the Study

VI. Methodology

a. Actual Data Gathering

b. Data Collation

c. Data Presentation

d. Data Analysis ( tabular/graphical)

VII. Family Health Problem and Nursing Problem (with Problem Tree)

VIII. Analysis of Problems identified using the Problem Tree

IX. List of Family Problems according to Priority

X. Family Nursing Care Plan

XI. Learning Insights

XII. Recommendation

XIII. Appendices

INTRODUCTION

Health is a right of every human being. Healthy people are prerequisite to national

development. The DOH uses the life span approach to design programs and assist in the delivery of

health services to specific age groups. It views health care of individuals within the context of the family.

(Public Health Nursing in the Philippines, pp. 118)

"Families serve as the basic social unit of society." (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2004, p. 563). All

members of the family are empowered to maintain their health status. They must be free from disease

or infirmity with no disabilities. In public health perspective, the health of the family is considered as a

whole and not individually. This paper will focus in the family as an independent unit and as a building

block of a community tasked to practice health principles for the benefit of its operation in the society.

The study focused on the most common health problems of the family (in this case, prioritized

family) in which the student nurses became cognizant with the health needs of family members that

enabled them to render the health services that will develop a quality health for the family.

Goal:

To maintain and sustain a good health status and the health needs of the family with the

participation and cooperation of the community as a whole.

Objectives:

To impart knowledge about the community’s common health problems as a way to help the

prioritized family in managing their family health via preventive and promotive measures.

To gain the participation and interest of the prioritized family together with the community in

health care that will serve as the foundation towards a healthy lifestyle.

To minimize if not totally eradicate the health problems of the prioritized family by rendering

corresponding solutions.

To collect and record data that will serve as future reference for succeeding student nurses who

will undertake this kind of endeavor.

Community Spot Map

History of the Barangay

BARANGAY MATANDANG BALARA

The Origin of Barrio Balara

Over a hundred years ago, there was a small but peaceful village where several wild trees and

thick cogon grass abound. There were only a handful of natives in this forest-like village who had been

leading a happy life tending their farms.

In one stretch of big trees covered land there were three little houses and solitary chapel at a

distance. In front of the chapel was a big shady tree.

One day, a troop of Spanish soldiers looking tired and weary, apparently after several miles of

hiking, dashed into village and right there and then decided to put up a temporary camp under the big

shady tree in front of the chapel. After taking several minutes of siesta in their newly natives what the

name of the trees was. While he was pointing to the tree, two tiny rats sneaked into one of the holes in

the trunk of the tree. The poor native, who evidently did not understand the soldier’s query,

perplexingly answered, “Nabara! Nabara!” which means “the rats could not get inside the hole”. The

astonished soldier thought “Nabara” could only mean the name of the place.

Thereafter, upon return of the troop to their headquarters, the Spanish soldier relying merely on

his vague memory, reported to his superior the name of the place where they had been which referred

to later as “Balara”.

As the years go by however, in order to preserve the original name of the village which was

popularly known as Balara, the later generation referred to the place as Old Balara, indicating that there

is a “New Balara” where at present, NAWASA Filtration Plant is located.

Source: Souvenir Program(May 8-9,1989)

“Old Balara Barrio Fiesta in Honor

Of Nuestra Senora Dela Paz y Buenviaje

Quezon City Public Library, Q.C

Barangay Profile

Barangay Council

Of

Barangay Matandang Balara

(2007-present)

Barangay Chairman:

BEDA T. TORRECAMPO

Barangay Kagawads:

BENJAMIN E. REYES

Chairman, Committee on Appropriations, Ways & Means

Chairman, Committee on Education, Socio Cultural & Religious Affairs

ELMA P. ABUDA

Chairman, Committee on Livelihood, Trade & Commerce

Chairman, Committee on Public Works & Infrastructure

SALVACION “SALLY” C. DE JESUS

Chairman, Committee on Urban Poor Affairs and Peoples Participation

Chairman, Committee on Women & Families

SABINO “BHONG” C. PAMPLONA JR.

Chairman, Committee on Senior Citizens Affairs

NIDA V. SISTONA

Chairman, Committee on Health, Sanitation and Environment

RENATO “IMA” A. GRANADA

Chairman, Committee on Public Order and Safety

Chairman, Committee on Ethics and Blue Ribbon

ALLAN P. FRANZA

Chairman, Committee on Transportation and Communication

Sangguniang Kabataan Chairperson:

KEVIN C. AQUINO

Chairman, Committee on Youth and Sports Development

Barangay Treasurer:

FE S. TOLENTINO

Barangay Secretary:

THERESA T. TAPADO-SISTONA

Barangay Health Worker

1. Belen Manggahoc

2. Leonila Irabon

3. Concorcia Aldave

4. Remigla Lingatong

5. Victoria Litusquen

6. Salvacion Cullera

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:

Total Population: 70,112 as of 2007 census

No. of Households: 15,807

No. of Registered Voters: 29,620 as of May 2004 election

Total Precincts: 152

Polling Place:

Old Balara Elementary School

Old Balara Elementary School Annex

Balara Academy

North Susana Clubhouse, North Susana Executive Village

Ayala Heights Clubhouse, Ayala Heights Village

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES:

Barangay Hall

Barangay Matandang Balara Hall

Commonwealth Ave. corner Damayan St., Old Balara, Quezon City

Health Center

Old Balara Health Center

Tandang Sora Ave., Old Balara, Quezon City

Private Hospital

Gen. Miguel Malvar Hospital

531 Commonwealth Ave., Old Balara, Quezon City

Basketball Court/ Volleyball/ Tennis/ Others

Talipapa Basketball Covered Court

Tandang Sora Ave. corner Capitol Hills Drive

Police Stations

Barangay Police Community Precinct

Beside Barangay Hall

Churches

Iglesia ni Cristo

Area 4 Luzon Avenue, Old Balara, QC

Bethel Youth Fellowship

5 Doña Pilar St., Villa Beatriz Subdivision, Old Balara, QC

Sons of Charity

Laura St., Old Balara, QC

Our Beloved Christ Christian Church (OBCC)

Lakas St., Old Balara, QC

Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines

(Maranatha Foursquare Gospel Church)

Purok 3 Area 5 Laura St., Old Balara, QC

Luzon Avenue Foursquare Church

103 Area 1 Luzon Avenue, Old Balara, QC

Balara Tabernacle Baptist Church

Area 1-B Old Balara, QC

City Lighthouse Christian Ministries

307 Crissant Bldg., Old Balara, QC

Luzon Living Faith Church

58 Samar St., Luzon Avenue, Old Balara, QC

Shiloh Fundamental Baptist Bible Church

104 Capitol Hills, Old Balara, QC

Christ to the Philippines (Balara Chapter)

22 Road 2 Sapang Kangkong, Old Balara, QC

Fullness of Christ International Ministries

7 South Zuzuaregui St., Old Balara, QC

Apostolada De Maria Twin Heart of Jesus & Mary Religious Group

254 DMMA, San Rafael St., Old Balara, QC

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Public

Old Balara Elementary School

Tandang Sora Ave., Old Balara Quezon City

Old Balara Elementary School Annex

Laura St., Old Balara Quezon City

SOCIO-POLITICAL PROFILE

GENERAL INFORMATION:

Name: Barangay Matandang Balara

Area: 15

District: III

Manner of Creation: Quezon City Ordinance

Date created: May 10, 1962

Barangay Fiesta: every second Tuesday of May

Patron Saint: Nuestra Senora Dela Paz y Buenviaje

Other Fiestas:

Patron Saint Place Day

Our Lady of Holy Rosary Samadores HOA, Luzon Ave. 7th day of October

Immaculate Concepcion Visayan Hills Feria Community 8th day of December

Senor Sto. Nino South Zuzuaregui St. 14th- 15th day of January

Nuestra Senora Dale Paz Pook Dela Paz St. Last Sunday of May

Our Lady Of Fatima Dupex St. 13th day of May

San Jose Manggagawa Liwanag St. 1st day of May

GEOGRAPHIC DATA:

Land Area: 521.6842 hectares

Boundaries:

North - Republic Avenue and its eastward prolongation to Marikina River ( The

north boundary was amended by BP 343 ANS 546 creating Batasan Hills

and Holy Spirit respectively)

East - Marikina River (boundary of Quezon City)

South - Quisenda creek and southwest boundary line of Piedad Estate

West - Commonwealth Avenue and Luzon Avenue

Terrain:The Barangay’s topography is largely alternating ridges and lowlands. It has a low

grade terrain and scattered steep slopes.

Climate: Distinct dry seasons from December to April and wet seasons from May to

November. Average temperature is lowest at 25C in January and highest at 29 C

in May.

Significance of the Study

Student Nurse

Superficially, this is one of the requirements that should be done for student nurses to

pass the Related Learning Experience II subject; thus, they ought to take this earnestly. In a

deep sense, the rationale of having this study is to prepare and train student nurses for the third

and fourth level of the nursing course to make them clever as possible. Knowledge is nothing if

we can not apply it to our daily living. This study gave student nurses an opportunity to

demonstrate and explain everything that they have learned. This became their stepping stone

into becoming proficient nurses.

As novices, this exposition gave student nurses a hint to what they should expect in the

future. Basically, they ought to start small, from the individual to the family, and to the whole

community – for the knowledge that will be inculcated to them is comprehensive. Furthermore,

this gave them experience, which is so called the best teacher one could ever have. It also

taught them how to establish rapport with the families in the community. That is one of the must-

haves of a nurse, for the clients to feel secured and comfortable with them and so the data

gathered by the nurse will be accurate and given wholeheartedly by the client. To wrap up

everything, this endeavour helped them to acquire as well as to contribute the attitude as a

foundation for becoming adaptable health care providers. It taught them the skills, another must-

have of a nurse, and the knowledge that only experiences can illustrate.

Family

The study aims to help the family to put it into action together with the students against the

health problems and possible threats that might interfere towards the betterment of living. Here, there

is a (student) nurse-family relationship wherein there is cooperation that tries to attain a goal, and that

is to improve individual health among members of the family. Once improvement of health is acquired

from a previous unpleasant way of life, the family will then be capable of preventing health problems

and threats from being aware of the factors present that suppress healthy living. This “being aware of

the factors” with the help of students permits each member of the family to instill in the mind the

health problems and the cause of illnesses and even come up with solutions to overcome the said

problems. The family at this point is now on the threshold of independency.

This study also gives us the awareness about the health status of the community wherein the

family is a part of it. It also would like to seek the recognition and showing of interest of each family

member. The knowledge that motivates the minds of each family to be conscious enables then to be

equipped against health problems and threats which in turn improve the life of the community as a

whole. But for this to happen, the family must be willing to make a step towards wellness despite of the

many factors preventing it.

Community

This study could also be a significant undertaking in promoting good and healthy living in

the community by looking at the family as model for health care. The study can also be

beneficial to the local officials in strategic supervision, communal strategies when they employ

effective learning in their community setting particularly in different concepts related to the use

of effective human and environmental resources management. By understanding the needs of

each family in the community and benefits of attaining the said needs, these local officials and

residents can be assured of a competitive advantage. Moreover, this research will provide

recommendations on how to avoid unwanted ailments.

Service is elaborated and can be expounded in many ways. It helps the community

members to understand more the problem they are encountering because they are given proper

guidelines so they can surely do the right actions for the problems they are facing. The study will

help the community to use its own resources when the specific problem happens again; the

community members will no longer panic when the problem reoccurs because they are given

enough knowledge to find solution that corresponds to the problem. Because of the knowledge

taught to them, they will be more aware of the things they should avoid so that problems and

threats will less likely occur and will be able to act right on a particular problem that they are

going to face knowing the importance of “prevention is better than cure” principle. This will help

them to act as one in order for them to be active in the community’s participation and unity will

lead them to a healthy lifestyle and better living.

Barangay Health Worker

The significance of the study to the Barangay Health Workers is that the information that

they can get will give them additional knowledge about the common health problems that others

of their kind usually encounter in a family. This study will help them to have additional ideas on

how to recognize the member of the family if he/she is already affected with the said problem

and to identify who is prone to the community’s health problem or condition. It will support in

identifying the causes why the said problem is commonly affecting the community. It will also

serve as their further reference on how to treat the health problem existing in a simpler, less

expensive and more effective way and how to deal with the people involved. It encourages them

to participate in maintaining a vigorous health status of the family. It will also act as their basis

on how to help the members of the family to achieve a better health and lifestyle than before.

Clinical Instructor

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is confined between the boundaries of Sta. Elena, Old Balara. In the assessment process,

information was gathered, problems were analyzed and interventions were taken. The

respondents were the residents of the said Barangay having a total population of _________ wherein

out them, a prioritized family yielded. The instrument used in this study is interview method in which

questions were asked to the clients / families regarding their family features with the aid of assessment

tools. The data provides very useful information that helped the student nurses in analyzing the

problems and in formulating interventions that are necessary to the development of the family.

The capability to maintain wellness, prevention and suggested treatment or cure to prioritized illnesses

of the family, are included in the study.

METHODOLOGY:

It should be noted that the word "methodology" is frequently used when "method" would be more

accurate. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods; rather it refers to the rationale and

the philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study relative to the scientific method.

Methodology includes the following concepts as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry:

1. a collection of theories, concepts or ideas;

2. comparative study of different approaches; and

3. critique of the individual methods

Nursing students had used it in gathering data and collecting them. They had interviewed 88 families

from Barangay Old Balara and noted their responses. They asked them about their health status and

conditions and gather information about the families. The accumulated data were considered important

in relation to their health status. In relation to their health status, they also asked the families about

their immunization, if they have enough exercise and rest, and questions about their environment.

They gathered these data, and tallied them and put them into tables. They studied them toughly and

made graphs of all the data they had collected to help them understand the said data. They analyzed

and eventually interpreted them. They also put the significance/implication of each tabular/graphical

presentation to give an insight on how a particular aspect/factor affects the health status of families.

The conclusion from the data reflected the health status and the needs of the

community. Information also showed relationships and facts significant or insignificant in

determining the community diagnosis.

The following statistical tools and techniques were applied to analyze/interpret the data:

1. Frequency Distribution- the data gathered through the questionnaire were summarized, tallied

and tabulated to indicate the number of responses to a specific question or item in the

questionnaires.

Percentage- used to identify the fraction of the sample that have the same practices.

Formula:

P (%) = n/N x 100

where: P= percentage

n= number of responses falling under a particular category

N= total number of respondents

The data presentation is tabular and graphical.

2. Sex ratio – used to determine the predominant gender in the community. This will be the

number of males for every 100 females.

Formula: number of males X 100

number of females

3. Dependency ratio – used to compare the number of economically dependent with the

economically productive group in the population. This represented the number of economically

dependent for every 100 economically productive.

Formula: 

[  no. of people under 15 years old  ]  + [  no. of people 65 years old and older ]

    X   100

                         [  no. of people from 15 to 64 years old  ]

4. Crowding index – described the ease by which a communicable disease will be transmitted

from one host to another susceptible host.

Formula: no. of persons in a household

no. of rooms used in the same household

5. Population Density – determined how congested a place and has implications in terms of the

adequacy of basic health sevices present in the community.

Formula: Total land area of the Community__

Total Population of the Community

1. Problem Prioritization

Formula: Score X weight = Actual Score

Highest possible score

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Immunization- is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an

agent (known as the immunogen).

Nuclear - is used to distinguish a family group consisting of most commonly, a father and mother and

their children,

Extended - (or joint family) is a term with several distinct meanings. First, it is used synonymously with

consanguineous family. Second, in societies dominated by the conjugal family, it is used to refer to

kindred who does not belong to the conjugal family.

Cohabiting- families that want to test their compatibility before they commit to a legal union

Decision making - is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area

Pollution- is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder,

harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms .

Income- refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is

generally expressed in monetary terms.

Human waste disposal - the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of

waste materials

Garbage disposal - is a device, usually electrically-powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the

sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough (generally less than 2mm) [1]

to pass through plumbing

Congested- overfilled or overcrowded

Drainage- is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area

Organization - is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own

performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Table 1.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Individuals in terms of Age and Sex Distribution

Age Male Female Total Percentage

80 and above 0 0 0 0

75-79 0 0 0 0

70-74 0 2 2 1

65-69 0 0 0 0

60-64 3 3 6 2

55-59 3 3 6 2

50-54 4 9 13 4

45-49 12 9 21 6

40-44 18 14 32 9

35-39 7 16 23 7

30-34 11 7 18 5

25-29 12 13 25 7

20-24 19 15 34 10

15-19 26 17 43 12

10-14 22 28 50 14

5-9 12 18 30 8

0-4 23 24 47 12

Total 172 178 350 100%

Figure 1.0 Population Pyramid of Individuals in Terms of Age and Sex Distribution

80 and Above75-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-19

0-4Total

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

MaleFemaleTotalPercentage

ANALYSIS:

SIGNIFICANCE:

Demography presents population data in a systematic manner. Its importance could be gauge

from the growing application of population figures in several disciplines of study. Its significance to the

individual and society hardly requires any emphasis. With the health of population studies, we can know

how far economic development is keeping pace with the rate of growth in population which helps in

taking appropriate measures to overcome in balance between the two, if any.

Table 2.0 Percentage Distribution of Individuals in terms of Civil Status

Category Male Female Total Percentage

Single 98 99 197 57

Married 67 72 139 40

Live-In 4 4 8 3

Total 169 175 344 100%

ANALYSIS:

SIGNIFICANCE:

Category Frequency Percentage

Extended 18 20%

Nuclear 65 74%

Cohabiting 5 6%

Total 88 100%

Table 3.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Family Structure

Figure 3.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Family Structure

20%

74%

6%

Extended Nuclear Cohabiting

ANALYSIS:

The type of family structure that is dominant in the community is nuclear comprising of 51

families. The extended makes up 18 families while the least is the cohabiting which is composed of only

5 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Most diseases are due to interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. Almost every

patient has available today, a free, personalized tool that captures many of these interactions and can

serve as the cornerstone for individualized disease prevention. Family history helps predict risk for such

varied health concerns as heart disease, colorectal cancer,breast cancer, ovarian cancer, osteoporosis,

atopy orasthma, type 2 diabetes, suicide, etc. Yet, many people are unaware of relatives’ medical

histories, and many health professionals underutilize this information in advising patients on how to

maintain good health.

Table 4.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Family according

to Authority

Category Frequency Percentage

Matriarchal 15 17%

Patriarchal 24 27%

Equalitarian 49 56%

Total 88 100%

Figure 4.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Family according to Authority

ANALYSIS:

Matriarchal17%

Patriarchal27%

Equalitarian56%

According to the data gathered, 42 of the families living in Santa Elena, Brgy. Old Balara are

equally sharing responsibility when it comes to decision-making. This pattern is known as Equalitarian.

On the other hand, Patriarchal, in which the father of the family is the one who decides for his kin, is

composed of 24 correspondents. In Matriarchal, wherein the mother is the one who takes place in

decision making, makes up 15 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Making decisions have a tendency to seek more information and may cause several problems (1)

Information overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making

ability actually declines because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed

appropriately. A major problem caused by information overload is forgetfulness. When too much

information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often

that received early on) will be pushed out. (2) Mental fatigue occurs, which results in slower work or

poor quality work. (3) Decision fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often

the result is fast, careless decisions or even decision paralysis--no decisions are made at all.

Table 5.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Lot Ownership

Category Frequency Percentage

Lot OwnedYes 15 17%

No 73 83%

Total 88 100%

Figure 5.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Lot Ownership

Owned17%

Not Owned83%

ANALYSIS:

Families that do not own the lot where they live were dominant. They compose 83% of all the

families while the families who owned their lot were compose only of about 17% of the family

population.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Housing is a basic human need, both physically and psychologically. A house provides shelter

from the elements and protection against health threats, such as communicable diseases, chronic

diseases and psychological and social stresses. But it also is a source of identity — we identify with and

become attached to our homes. A house is important because it’s a place where a family or household

establishes itself in society. Beyond the level of the individual home, housing is also important because

housing units are set in relation to each other. This creates neighborhoods and communities, which form

the physical infrastructure of group life.

Table 6.0 Frequency and Percentage of Households in terms of House Ownership

Category Frequency Percentage

Home OwnedYes 16 18%

No 72 82%

Total 88 100%

Figure 6.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of House Ownership

Owned18%

Not Owned82%

ANALYSIS:

Most of the home in the community is not owned by the families, and neither is the lot. Only 16

families own their home while 70 don’t and only 15 families own their lot while 71 don’t.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Everything in the environment will affect your children and this is how they will grow up feeling

about themselves. It is important for an individual to grow up in a stable home environment. Living in

one benefits them spiritually, emotionally, socially and mentally. It is the foundation of society. Most of

us can recall what our living surroundings were like. It had a large impact on the person we became

Category Frequency Percentage

Wood 10 11%

Concrete 6 8%

Mixed 62 70%

Makeshift 10 11%

Total 88 100%

Table 7.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Housing

Materials

Figure 7.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Housing Materials

Wood Concrete Mixed Makeshift

106

62

10

Type of Housing Materials

ANALYSIS:

The most common type of housing materials in the community is mixed which comprises of 56

families. Wood and makeshift tied in quantity of houses composed of 10 families each. Concrete type of

housing materials makes up 6 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The type of housing materials provided should be appropriate to the needs of the people to be

accommodated. The mix of dwelling type, size and tenure should support sound social, environmental

and economic sustainability policy objectives for the area and promote the development of

appropriately integrated play and recreation spaces.

The scheme should be a safe and healthy place in which to live. We know too that damp and

mouldy housing has an adverse effect on health, and although this is difficult to quantify it is clear that

tackling such conditions will also help to create a domestic environment contributory to health and well

being. Studies of children have found a strong link between poor housing and a range of ailments such

as respiratory problems, aches and pains, fever, headaches etc; and this is a particular cause of concern.

There are also strong links between homelessness (especially rough sleeping) and poor health.

Inadequate living conditions may, in addition, contribute to low morale and poor mental health.

Category Frequency Percentage

Adequate 30 34%

Inadequate 58 66%

Total 88 100%

Table 8.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Living Space

Figure 8.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Living Space

Adequate Inadequate0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Adequacy of Living Space

ANALYSIS:

The number of families that has an inadequate living space is 46 while families having an

adequate living space are 30 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A lack of adequate housing not only compromises development, but eventually also constitutes a

security threat from myriad social ills that arise from homelessness. In the logic of this argument,

homelessness or inadequate housing is therefore retrogressive to the prospects for sustainable

livelihoods.

A lack of access to adequate housing exposes one to the structural violence of poverty, its severity and

associated complexities of despair and deprivation -- relative or absolute -- which constitute a significant

threat to human security.

Without access to adequate shelter, the poor live in miserable conditions that compromise their

general health and make them more susceptible to diseases. Conversely, the provision of adequate

housing protects people from myriad vulnerabilities. First, adequate housing protects people against

floods and associated stagnant water, in which breeds of mosquitoes and other insects, the key factors

in spreading infectious diseases. Overall, good health is instrumental to human security because it

enables the full range of human functioning, which could collectively be referred to as human capital

Table 9.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Monthly Family Income

Source

Category Frequency Percentage

Husband 68 77%

Wife 14 16%

Others 6 7%

Total 88 100%

Figure 9.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Monthly Family Income Source

Husband Wife Others

68

14

6

Monthly Income Source

ANALYSIS:

70 families consider the father as the primary source of monthly family income. The wife, being

the source of monthly family income, consists of 14 families while 6 of the total families in the

community depends on their relatives or significant others.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The importance of family income in relation to some other socio-demographic factors that might affect

the nutritional status of children in the community was investigated. The factors analyzed in addition to

family income were: age of the children; sex of the children; birth order; ownership of land by the

family; father's occupation; housing conditions; season; sources of drinking water; father's education;

mother's education; and participation of the children in food supplementation programs. Seasonal

factors, family income, mother's education, and sex and birth order of the children appeared to be

important determinants of malnutrition. An interaction between family income and mother's education

in relation to child nutrition was quite apparent. A higher family income was of relatively greater benefit

to the children of literate mothers than to those of illiterate mothers in improving the nutritional status.

There was a threshold point below which income appeared as the primary constraint on child nutrition.

A nutrition education program might prove helpful in improving the nutritional status of children of

wealthier families

Table 10.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Total Monthly Income

Total Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

Below Php 5,000 35 40%

Php 5,100 – Php 10,000 46 51%

Php 10,100 – Php 15,000 4 5%

Php 15,100 – Php 20,000 3 3%

Total 88 100%

Figure 10.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Total Monthly Income

Below Php 5,000 Php 5,100- Php 10,000

Php 10,100- 15,000 Php

Php 15, 100- Php 20, 000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Total Monthly Income

ANALYSIS:

37 families have a total monthly family income of Php 5,100 – Php 10,000. However, 35 families

have an income below Php 5,000. Only 4 families have an income that ranges from Php 10,100- Php

15,000 and fewer families earn a total of Php 15,100- Php 20,000 monthly.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The importance of family income in relation to some other socio-demographic factors that

might affect the nutritional status of children in the community was investigated. The factors analyzed in

addition to family income were: age of the children; sex of the children; birth order; ownership of land

by the family; father's occupation; housing conditions; season; sources of drinking water; father's

education; mother's education; and participation of the children in food supplementation programs.

Seasonal factors, family income, mother's education, and sex and birth order of the children appeared

to be important determinants of malnutrition. An interaction between family income and mother's

education in relation to child nutrition was quite apparent. A higher family income was of relatively

greater benefit to the children of literate mothers than to those of illiterate mothers in improving the

nutritional status. There was a threshold point below which income appeared as the primary constraint

on child nutrition. A nutrition education program might prove helpful in improving the nutritional status

of children of wealthier families.

Table 11.0 Frequency and Percentage of Households in terms of the Type of Garbage Disposal

Type of Garbage

DisposalFrequency Percentage

Collected 78 89%

Burning 8 9%

Feeding To Animals 2 2%

Total 88 100%

Figure 11.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Garbage Disposal

CollectedBurning

Feeding to Animals

78

8

2

Type of Garbage Disposal

ANALYSIS:

The table above shows that the most common type of garbage disposal in the community is

collected. This applies to 76 families. The other type of drainage disposal such as burning and feeding to

animals make up 8 and 2 families.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A garbage disposal, food waste disposer, waste disposal unit, is a device, usually electrically-

powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste

into pieces small enough (generally less than 2mm) to pass through plumbing.

Some say that sewage treatment plants cannot cope with the extra load of kitchen waste disposal units.

The load of organic carbon that reaches the treatment plant increases and consumption of oxygen

increases. The result is larger amounts of solids. However, if the waste water treatment is finely

controlled, the organic carbon in food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running. Carbon

may be deficient in that process. If no waste water treatment is performed the extra load of pollutants is

detrimental to the environment. Also, other chemicals in the waste are problematic.

Use of these food processing units only slightly increases household water use, and their impact on

business water use (in restaurants) is generally not statistically significant.

Many standard disposal units allow a dishwasher to be connected, and some more expensive

dishwashers are equipped with a small built-in garbage disposal units, making it unnecessary to scrape

plates before washing them.

Use of garbage disposal units diverts the impact of food waste from methods such as landfill or

incinerators to effluent disposal systems. The advantages and disadvantages need to be weighed for

each area.

It is often said that the vast majority of organic waste would be better used for composting, an option

not open to many city-dwellers without an effective collection system.

Table 12.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Human Waste

Disposal

Type of Human Waste Disposal Frequency Percentage

Flush 13 15%

Water Sealed 67 76%

Pit Privy 6 7%

Others 2 2%

Total 88 100%

Figure 12.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Human Waste Disposal

Flush

Water Sealed

Pit Privy

Others

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Type of Human Waste Disposal

ANALYSIS:

When it comes to waste disposal, 65 families have water sealed, 13 uses flush, 6 for pit privy,

and 2 for other types of human waste disposal.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The water in the toilet bowl (and the traps for sinks, showers, tubs, floor drains, etc.) keeps the sewer

gases from coming into your living space.

Table 13.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Drainage

Type Of Drainage Frequency Percentage

Open 74 84%

Close 14 16%

Total 88 100%

Figure 13.1 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Drainage

Open84%

Close16%

ANALYSIS:

Most of the families in the Old Balara have an open drainage. About 84% of the families have

an open drainage while there are only 16% who have a close drainage.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Deferring maintenance for any moisture problem is not wise. Plumbing and drainage problems

can escalate to health issues as molds can grow on virtually any substance when moisture is present.

Home's roof, grade-level and underground drainage systems are designed to redirect water flow

away from the perimeter foundation. Properly installed drainage systems help prevent flooding, soils

erosion, excessive moisture conditions, foundation settlement and moisture infiltration into below grade

rooms and storage areas.

Table 13.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Drainage

Type of Drainage Frequency Percentage

Flow Of Water 1 1%

Flowing 71 81%

Stagnant 16 18%

Total 88 100%

Figure 13.2 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Drainage

Flow of Water

Flowing

Stagnant

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Type of Drainage

ANALYSIS:

The type of drainage in the community is mostly open and flowing. The other types are applied

to fewer families. 72 families have an open drainage while 14 have closed. The least type of drainage is

flow of water which composed of only 1 family; 16 have flowing and 69 have stagnant.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Deferring maintenance for any moisture problem is not wise. Plumbing and drainage problems

can escalate to health issues as molds can grow on virtually any substance when moisture is present.

Home's roof, grade-level and underground drainage systems are designed to redirect water flow

away from the perimeter foundation. Properly installed drainage systems help prevent flooding, soils

erosion, excessive moisture conditions, foundation settlement and moisture infiltration into below grade

rooms and storage areas.

Table 14.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Water Supply

Type Of Water Supply Frequency Percentage

Artesian well 1 1%

Maynilad 72 82%

Brought 5 6%

Other Specify 10 11%

Total 88 100%

Figure 14.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Type of Water Supply

Artesian WellMaynilad

BroughtOther Specify

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Type of Water Supply

ANALYSIS:

Maynilad supplies 70 families in the community. Other families get their water supply from the

artesian well or are brought to them by other persons. 10 families have other types of water supply.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A secure and dependable water supply contributes greatly to a healthy population, particularly

when supported by promotion of hygienic behaviours. If the water supply is contaminated chemically or

micro-biologically, the result may be disease, of which the most important is diarrhoea, one of the

greatest killers of young children in the world. Toxic chemicals such as arsenic and fluoride have been

found in drinking water and the harmful effects may be seen in young children.

Sanitation, the safe disposal of human faeces and wastes is necessary to protect health, as

faecal pollution may transmit a number of diseases through the local community and environment.

Table 15.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Food Storage

Food Storage Frequency Percentage

Refrigerator 46 52%

Covered 27 31%

Pots 9 10%

Cabinet 6 7%

Total 88 100%

Figure 15.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Food Storage

Refrigerator

Covered

Pots

Cabinet

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Food Storage

ANALYSIS:

As to the families’ food storage, 44 have refrigerators where their food supplies are kept while

27 store their foods by means of covering it. 9 families put their foods in pots while 6 use cabinets for

storage.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Proper preparation and storage of food is seldom addressed in a doctor's office visit but is a very

important part of staying healthy. Proper food handling and storage minimizes the risk of foodborne

illnesses; something very important to people with weakened immune systems as is the case in HIV.

Table 16.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Drinking Water Storage

Drinking Water Storage Frequency Percentage

Refrigerator 45 51%

Bottles 16 18%

Container with Cover 27 31%

Total 88 100%

Figure 16.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Drinking Water Storage

Refrigerator51%

Bottles18%

Container with Cover31%

ANALYSIS:

43 families who have refrigerators use it for storing their water supplies. The others who have

none, use bottles and covered containers as their drinking water storage.

SIGNIFICANCE:

There is a surprising connection between the quality of our water and healthful longevity. There

are many health benefits of increasing the amount and quality of the water we drink. All over the world

and throughout time, wherever you find the most contaminant-free water... you find the healthiest,

most vibrant civilizations.

Once we understand that our bodies are more than 70% water and that water controls virtually

every aspect of our health, we can begin to understand its importance. That means not only the water

we drink, but the water that we shower in... cook with... prepare juices, teas and coffee with... all affect

our health significantly.

Table 17.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Pets

Household Pets Frequency Percentage

Dog 6 7%

Cat 5 6%

Bird / Chicken 10 11%

Hamster 2 2%

None 65 74%

Total 88 100%

Figure 17.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Pets

7%

6%

11%

2%

74%

Dog Cat Bird/ Chicken Hamster None

ANALYSIS:

As for household pets present in the community, 63 families have none but 10 families have bird

or chicken as their pet. Dog comes in second, which is taken care by 6 families. 5 families have cat as

their household pet while 2 are fond of hamster.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Many of us keep pets for companionship. If we have children pets will provide a certain amount

of play and entertainment value too, whilst teaching children the importance of responsibility and

kindness. Pets also provide beneficial stress relief to their owners, and in the case of dogs, a good form

of additional exercise.

An easy way of catching germs and parasites is to handle household pets without any

consideration for hygiene standards. Handling and playing with pets is considered to be a rewarding

pastime, so many of us fail to notice the potential hazards to our health. Many pets carry germs and

parasites that are easily passed on to us through handling and play. Ringworm, lyme disease, food

poisoning and toxoplasmosis are just a few of the nasty conditions that animals may spread. These

germs and parasites live in infected pets, and are spread through contact with the animal’s feces. These

diseases can make us feel sick, have diarrhea, fever, and can also affect our internal organs, which is

especially harmful to pregnant women, as the diseases can also affect an unborn child.

Table 18.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of Breeding

Place of Insects

Presence Of Breeding Place Of

InsectsFrequency Percentage

Yes 74 84%

No 14 16%

Total 88 100%

Figure 18.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of Breeding Place of Insects

Yes No

84%

16%

Presence of Breeding Place of Insects

ANALYSIS:

There are places in the community where insects and rodents breed. Presence of this

makes 72 houses while only 14 families have no breeding places for such insects.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Mosquitoes, flies and other insects may be more abundant than usual, posing potential health

problems. The weather may create excellent breeding conditions for houseflies and mosquitoes, some

of which may be capable of spreading typhoid, dysentery and encephalitis. The key to controlling insects

is removal of their breeding places–any standing water, especially stagnant water. In warm weather this

should be done immediately after you return to the premises.

Table 19.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of Accident

Hazards

Presence Of Accidents Hazard Frequency Percentage

Yes 65 74%

No 23 26%

Total 88 100%

Figure 19.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of Accident Hazards

Yes74%

No26%

ANALYSIS:

According to the data given above, the student nurses observe 63 houses wherein there are

presence of accidents hazard and 23 houses where such problem are not present.

SIGNIFICANCE:

It has been recognised for many years that certain industrial activities involving dangerous

substances have the potential to cause accidents. Some of them give rise to serious injury to people or

damage to the environment both close to, and further away from, the site of the accident. Such

activities have come to be known as major accident hazards.

Table 20.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of

Mothers

Immunization Status of

Family MembersCategory Frequency Percentage

Mother Yes 78 89%

No 10 11%

Total 88 100%

Figure 20.1 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of Mothers

ANALYSIS:

The immunization status of the fathers in Old Balara was opposite compared to the mothers. 91% of

them have not completed it while only 9% does.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and even eradicating disease. Vaccines — which

protect against disease by inducing immunity — are widely and routinely administered around the world

based on the common-sense principle that it is better to keep people from falling ill than to treat them

Yes

No

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Immunization Status of Mother

once they are ill. Suffering, disability, and death are avoided. New vaccines also have been introduced

with significant results, including the first vaccine to help prevent liver cancer, hepatitis B vaccine,

Table 20.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of

Mothers

Immunization Status of

Family MembersCategory Frequency Percentage

Mother Complete 8 9%

Incomplete 80 91%

Total 88 100%

Figure 20.2 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of Mothers

Complete Incomplete0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Immunization Status of Mother

ANALYSIS:

The immunization status of the fathers in Old Balara was opposite compared to the mothers. 91% of

them have not completed it while only 9% does.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and even eradicating disease. Vaccines — which

protect against disease by inducing immunity — are widely and routinely administered around the world

based on the common-sense principle that it is better to keep people from falling ill than to treat them

once they are ill. Suffering, disability, and death are avoided. New vaccines also have been introduced

with significant results, including the first vaccine to help prevent liver cancer, hepatitis B vaccine,

Table 21.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of

Children

Immunization Status of

Family MembersCategory Frequency Percentage

Children Yes 79 90%

No 9 10%

Total 88 100%

Figure 21.1 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of Children

Yes No

90%

10%

Immunization Status of Children

ANALYSIS:

The immunization status of the children was similar to the mothers. 90% of them had taken

and completed the immunization while only 10% have not.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Parents are constantly concerned about the health and safety of their children and take many

steps to protect them. Vaccine-preventable diseases have a costly impact, resulting in doctor's visits,

hospitalizations, and prem Disease prevention is the key to public health. It is always better to prevent a

disease than to treat it. Vaccines prevent disease in the people who receive them and protect those who

come into contact with unvaccinated individuals. Vaccines help prevent infectious diseases and save

lives. Vaccines are responsible for the control of many infectious diseases that were once common in

this country, including polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), rubella (German

measles), mumps, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).

Table 21.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of

Children

Immunization Status of

Family MembersCategory Frequency Percentage

Children Complete 9 10%

Incomplete 79 90%

Total 88 100%

Figure 21.2 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Immunization Status of Children

Complete

Incomplete

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Immunization Status of Children

ANALYSIS:

When it comes to the immunization status of family members, the mother and children of each

family are mostly immunized but not complete. 76 mothers have undergone immunization but only 8

had completed the program. There are 77 out of 86 children who have been immunized but 77 children

had incomplete immunization.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Immunization provides immunity which is the exemption from contagion or infections or from

liability to suffer from epidemic or endemic disease. Based on this, it is important that every individual

must undergo the program to protect themselves. Because there are more mothers and children who

have had incomplete immunization, they’re more prone to diseases and infections.

Table 22.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Rest

Rest Frequency Percentage

Adequate 77 88%

Inadequate 11 12%

Total 88 100%

Figure 22.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Rest

Adequate

Inadequate

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

Rest

ANALYSIS:

Most of the families have adequate rest. They composed 87% of the total families. The rest of

the families do says that they do not have an adequate rest mostly because of the chores and their

works.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Rest is very important in everybody’s life but most of us do not realize the significance of it. It

balances the stress and brings calmness to the mind. The people who lack sleep are usually in bad

health. It has been found that most heart attacks occur on Mondays.

Spending some time for recreational activities like cooking, surfing the net etc, are really the

integral needs for mental stimulation. At least 8 hours of sleep is required to become relaxed and if you

do not make use, it may affect your work efficiency

Table 23.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Exercise

Exercise Frequency Percentage

Adequate 61 69%

Inadequate 27 31%

Total 88 100%

Figure 23.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Exercise

Adequate Inadequate0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Exercise

ANALYSIS:

Just like rest, most of the families have an adequate exercise too. 69% of them says that they

still have a time for exercise. While only 31% of them says that they do not have a time for exercise.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Exercise can also help control other problems, such as: Sleep apnea, moodiness, stress,

decreased energy, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol and others. There are too many benefits to

list here. But be assured that this tool can help you become a fit, stronger, disease-free, and overall

healthier person.

Table 24.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Relaxation

Relaxation Frequency Percentage

Adequate 76 86%

Inadequate 12 14%

Total 88 100%

Figure 24.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Adequacy of Relaxation

Adequate

Inadequate

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Relaxation

ANALYSIS:

Based on the table above, more families have adequate rest, exercise, and relaxation activities.

75 get enough rest everyday while 11 don’t. On the other hand, 59 families have adequate exercise and

lastly, 74 families perform adequate relaxation activities in their everyday life.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Relaxation is so important in our lives as it helps to keep our stress levels down, and

consequently improves our health. Too much work and not enough time out for ourselves can result in

mental health problems, memory failure and even heart attack. So, it's important everybody takes at

least 10 minutes a day to wind down. Try soaking in a bubble bath, or doing a quick relaxation session

before going to sleep

Table 25.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Environment

Congestion

Congested Frequency Percentage

Yes 65 74%

No 23 26%

Total 88 100%

Figure 25.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Environment Congestion

Yes

No

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Congested

ANALYSIS:

Most of the families have congested environment mainly because there are a lot of people living

in their place they considered home. According to our observation, about 63 families living in old Balara

have a congested environment while only 23 families are living with a wide and spacious place

SIGNIFICANCE:

This may not be conducive to health due to crowded area that may cause any transmission of

diseases and cross infection within the families

Table 26.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of Noise

Noisy Frequency Percentage

Yes 10 11%

No 78 89%

Total 88 100%

Figure 26.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of the Presence of Noise

Yes11%

No89%

ANALYSIS:

Even with congested environment, Old Balara can be considered a silent and peaceful place. We

do not observe any large noises nearby and inside their home. Only 12% of the families are considered

noisy.

SIGNIFICANCE:

A place where noisy occurs can bring disturbance to the community especially to the family or

individual living in that place. Noisy environment disturbs people’s time of sleeping and relaxation as

well. It is essential to have an enough rest and sleep to maintain an active healthy lifestyle.

Table 27.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Presence of Pollution

Presence of Pollution Frequency Percentage

Yes 13 15%

No 75 85%

Total 88 100%

Figure 27.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Presence of Pollution

Yes

No

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Presence of Pollution

ANALYSIS:

Their environment can also be considered clean. Most of the place and the house doesn’t have

any presence of pollution, which means that the people living there was well disciplined. Only 15% of

the houses showed some presence of pollution.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans. Ozone pollution can cause

respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain, and congestion. Water

pollution mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries.

Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pressure,

stress, and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in children and

neurologic symptoms. Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems.

Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects.

Table 28.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Absence of Peace and

Order

Absence of Peace and Order Frequency Percentage

Yes 5 6%

No 83 94%

Total 88 100%

Figure 28.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Absence of Peace and Order

Yes No

6%

94%

Absence of Peace and Order

ANALYSIS:

The people in the Old Balara was well disciplined. Their community was safe and peace

and order can be observed, though 6% of the families showed some signs of absence of peace and

order.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Peace and order is an essential ingredient to maintaining economic development, social order

and political stability.

Table 29.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Cleanliness of

Surroundings

Unclean Frequency Percentage

Yes 59 67%

No 29 33%

Total 88 100%

Figure 29.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Cleanliness of Surroundings

Yes

No

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Unclean

ANALYSIS:

According to our observation, 66% of the families house are unclean, which can be the source

of a health problem. Only 34% of the houses was clean and safe from future problems that can cause by

the unclean surroundings.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The importance of waste isolation lies in an effort to prevent water and sanitation related

diseases, which afflicts both developed countries as well as developing countries to differing degrees. It

is estimated that up to 5 million people die each year from preventable water-borne disease, as a result

of inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices.

Table 30.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Awareness of Community

Organization

Do you know any existing

organization in the community?Frequency Percentage

Yes 76 86%

No 12 14%

Total 88 100%

Figure 30.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Awareness of Community Organization

Yes

No

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Existing Organization in the Community

ANALYSIS:

Most of the families are aware of the organization that exist in their community. 74

correspondents says that know some organizations present in their community while only 12

correspondents says that they do not know any

SIGNIFICANCE:

Involvement on volunteer groups is an important science for individual definitions of self-

esteem and self-identity. There are advantages that can be gained from active participation in

community affairs: the citizen can bring about desired change by expressing one's desire, either

individually or through a community group; the individual learns how to make desired changes; the

citizen learns to understand and appreciate the individual needs and interests of all community groups;

the citizen learns how to resolve conflicting interests for the general welfare of the group; the individual

begins to understand group dynamics as it applies to mixed groups.

Table 31.0 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Membership to

Community Organization

Are you a member anyone of

them?Frequency Percentage

Yes 61 69%

No 27 31%

Total 88 100%

Figure 31.0 Percentage Distribution of Households in terms of Membership to Community

Organization

Yes69%

No31%

ANALYSIS:

69% of the families living in the barangay Old Balara was an active members of the organization.

31% of them was not. Some of them says that they do not know any organization existing in the

community.

SIGNIFICANCE:

Involvement on volunteer groups is an important science for individual definitions of self-

esteem and self-identity. There are advantages that can be gained from active participation in

community affairs: the citizen can bring about desired change by expressing one's desire, either

individually or through a community group; the individual learns how to make desired changes; the

citizen learns to understand and appreciate the individual needs and interests of all community groups;

the citizen learns how to resolve conflicting interests for the general welfare of the group; the individual

begins to understand group dynamics as it applies to mixed groups.

FAMILY HEALTH PROBLEMS

Anemia

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

3/3 x 1 1 It is a health deficit and needs an immediate action and intervention.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 It can be easily modified if proper intervention is made; healthy and active lifestyle can also solve this problem.

Preventive potential

2/3 x 1 2/3 It has a moderate preventive potential since the family do not have enough money for the medicine (including vitamins), daily check up and nutritious foods; but if properly intervene as soon as possible it will cause no harm.

Salience of the 2/2 x 1 1 The family

problem perceives it as a problem needing attention.

Total score 4 2/3

Cough and fever

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

3/3 x 1 1 It is a health deficit.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 It is easily modifiable since the resources and intervention to solve the problem is available to the family.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 It can be intervened by using proper medicine and appropriate actions to

increase immunity.

Salience of the problem

½ x 1 ½ It is not in need of immediate intervention since it does not threaten the life of the family.

Total score 4 1/2

Body pain

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

3/3 x 1 1 It is a health deficit.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 It has a high modifiability since all the materials and interventions needed are available in the family and within the community.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 Proper diet, active lifestyle and appropriate remedy are needed to prevent this problem from occurring.

Salience of the 0/2 x 1 0 It is not a recognized

problem problem.

Total score 4

Sanitation problem

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threat that requires an immediate attention.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 It can be easily modified since all the materials and solution to this problem is available within the community; proper use of these equipments will produce a great outcome.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 It has a high preventive potential if the family members will work together to make a healthful environment with the use of available resources within

the community.Salience of the problem

2/2 x 1 1 It needs an immediate attention since it can cause vector-borne disease (e.g. dengue), respiratory diseases, digestive system pathology, accidents and other threats that can be derived from the said problem. The family recognizes the problem as in need of immediate action.

Total score 4 2/3

Diabetes

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

3/3 x 1 1 It is a heath deficit.

Modifiability of the problem

½ x 2 1 It is partially modifiable since the treatment, medicine and

routine check-up are costly.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 Proper diet and active lifestyle prevent the disease.

Salience of the problem

2/2 x 1 1 The family perceives the health condition needing abrupt treatment and therapy

Total score 4

Lack/inadequate physical activities/exercise

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threat.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 The intervention to

overcome it is

achievable.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 The preventive potential of this problem is high if they will be educated and be knowledgeable enough to know the importance of physical activities, thus, they can attain

good health and long life.

Salience of the problem

½ x 1 1/2 The family perceives

it as a problem that

does not require

urgent/instant health

action

Total score 3 1/2

Cigarette smoking

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

2/3 x 1 2/3 It is a health threat.

Modifiability of the problem

½ x 2 1 The interventions

needed to eliminate

the or at least, control

the problem are

available to the

family. The student

nurse can also adhere

to health education

and counselling about

the detriments of

smoking.

Preventive potential

1/3 x 1 1/3 Proneness to

respiratory diseases

can be minimized if

cigarette smoking is

eliminated; the risk of

developing smoke-

related cancer cells

can thus be

eradicated.

Salience of the problem

2/2 x 1 1 The family recognizes

it as a problem

without the need of

immediate attention.

Total score 3

UTI

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

3/3 x 1 1 It is a health deficit.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 It is easily modifiable since the nurse’s resources are available; she can help the family by prescribing medicines and rendering knowledge and skills in managing the disease.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 This can be prevented by the use of antibiotics, proper diet and good hygiene.

Salience of the problem

2/2 x 1 1 This needs an immediate attention since it

is a bacterial infection and can affect several organs of our body. The family recognizes the problem as in need of pressing intervention.

Total score 5

PTB

Criteria Computation Actual score JustificationNature of the problem

3/3 x 1 1 It is a health deficit.

Modifiability of the problem

2/2 x 2 2 It can be modified easily since all the medicines needed to cure this disease.

Preventive potential

3/3 x 1 1 It can be prevented if diagnosed and intervene as soon as possible, thru healthy lifestyle, and knowledge about this disease.

Salience of the problem

2/2 x 1 1 It is really in need of immediate attention since

it’s a communicable disease and can affect not just the respiratory system but other body systems also. The family does acknowledge the need to treat the health problem.

Total score 5

TUBERCULOSIS

WEAK IMMUNE SYSTEM

DISEASE UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE INADEQUATE FOOD INTAKE/EATING HABITS

HEALTH BELIEFS AND VALUES

INABILITY TO AVAIL HEALTH AND

MEDICAL SERVICES

INCAPABLE OF AVAILING

NUTRITIONS AND HEALTHY

FOOD

LACK OF KNOWLEDGE

ABOUT NUTRITION

IMPROPER CHOICE OF

FOOD

LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MAINTENANCE OF

HEALTH

TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

The bacteria usually attack the lungs but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads

through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes or talks. If one’s immune

defense fails, TB bacteria begin to exploit the immune system cells for their own survival. The bacteria

move into the airways in the lungs, causing large air spaces (cavities) to form. Filled with oxygen which

the bacteria need to survive – the air spaces make an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria. The

bacteria may then spread from the cavities to the other parts of the lungs as well as to the components

of the human body. On the other hand, a healthy immune system can often successfully fight TB

bacteria, but a body can’t mount an effective defense if your resistance is low. A number of factor can

weaken your immune system. Having a disease that suppresses immunity such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes,

end – stage kidney disease, certain cancers of the lung disease silicosis, can reduce the body’s ability to

protect itself, the risk is also higher if you take corticosteroids, certain arthritis medications,

chemotherapy drugs or other that suppress the immune system. However, unhealthy lifestyle and

inadequate food intake or nutrition can also affect the body’s immunity to any kind of bacteria it can

harbor. Despite the advances in treatment, TB remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide,

especially in Africa and Asia. Every year, tuberculosis kills almost two million people. Since the 1980’,

rates of TB have increased, fuelled by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the emergence of drug resistant

strains of the TB bacteria. However, knowledge about tuberculosis and actions for prevention would be

important in order to acquire a healthy and safe living.

The prioritized health problems

The list of health condition or problems ranked according to priorities is presented:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 5

Urinary Tract Infection 5

Sanitation problem 4 2/3

Anemia 4 2/3

Cough and fever 4 1/2

Body pain 4

Diabetes 4

Lack/inadequate physical activities/exercise 3 1/2

Cigarette smoking 3

Family Nursing Care Plan

HEALTH PROBLEM

FAMILY NURSING PROBLEM

GOALS OF CARE

OBJECTIVES OF CARE

INTERVENTION PLAN

Nursing Interventions

Method of

Nurse-Family Contact

Resources Required

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1. Inability to recognize the possibility of cross-infection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis to the other members of the family due to lack of

After intervention:

a. The possibility of cross-infection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis will be minimize or prevented.

b. The

After intervention, the family will:

a. Have a healthy lifestyle and stop vices / habits that may cause Tuberculosis.

b. Recognize beginning

1. Discuss with the family the nature, cause, signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the consequences / other related complication that the

Home visit and clinic visit

Human resources: time and effort of both the nurse and the family.

Material resources: visual aids, the example of affordable medicine

knowledge about the condition.

2. Inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate heath action on the heath threat due to failure to comprehend the nature of the problem.

3. Inability to provide adequate nursing care to a member suffering from Pulmonary Tuberculos

family can decide on what certain action they will do to protect their family from acquiring the said disease again.

cases of PTB and immediately apply preventive measures / consult the doctor for further analysis.

c. Obtain clear insight on how to prevent this disease or how to avoid acquiring it from other people who is infected by PTB.

family will suffer if proper intervention / care is not done immediately.

2. Explore with the family ways of implementing measures to have a healthy and active lifestyle.

3. Explore with the family ways of implementing measures to avoid the transferring of the PTB to other members of the family /

appropriate for PTB, and other stuffs that can help the nurse to be an effective health promoter / teacher.

Financial resources: for the nurse transportation, materials needed for the micro teaching / home visit.

is due to:

a.Inadequate resources for the care / intervention needed. (i.e. ample wealth to pay for the medicines needed)

b. Lack of knowledge about the health condition threatening the life of one of the member of the family.

c. Lack of knowledge on the nature and what intervention / care the patient

acquiring the said disease from the individual / people infected by it.

should receive.

Learning Insights

The study helped the student nurses to procure which the students will never get from

an ordinary day to day experience.

This exposure gave the students an opportunity to interact with the people in the

community, in which the students were able to relate with their way of living and lead them to

the proper knowledge they need. Through this, it makes the community more visible for the

team which in turn broadens the team’s understanding of the residents’ perception regarding the

issues about their health and their environment.

The group was also exposed to limited time and resources during the entire preparation

but the group was able to surpass it by bringing out the most of each others’ own creativity and

resourcefulness. It taught the group to experience working under extreme pressure yet coming

up sensible ideas and gaining the essence of true team work and camaraderie.

The group learned from the entire immersion that there’s nothing impossible if one

should lay down its goals and prioritize to what really is important. No matter how hard the task

is, how exhausted one feels, or how tiring it would take, one should always think of its first

priority.

Over-all, the culmination of our immersion taught us of understanding and cooperation

among peers and maximizing ones capabilities to end up with a fruitful work. Most importantly,

patience, compassion, respect and hard work are the virtues the group showed the entire time,

will continue to be the group wherever we go.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

With the aid of data gathering, collation, presentation, analysis and family health

problems that were used in obtaining relevant information in the case study, the researchers

recommend the following:

A. Barangay Officials

1. Implementation of health programs / seminars conducive to health maintenance

2. Promote programs that will prevent or decrease the occurrence of Tuberculosis

3. Free vaccination

4. Inform people about the project / program of the government called “DOTS”

B. Health Care Providers

1. Offer health / medical check-ups, treatment and services at a reasonable price

2. Improvement of health and medical services offered such as free medicine that should be given

to the community

3. Health and medical care / services offered should be effective and efficient

C. Family Members

1. Full cooperation and participation in all Barangay Health Center activities and programs

2. Awareness about the vital measures to achieve optimum health and wellness.

3. Maintain a healthy diet and active lifestyle

APPENDICES