Presented By : Presented By : Rosalya Mohd Wahid (C111 07 Rosalya Mohd Wahid (C111 07 362) 362) Sherla Wijoyo ( C111 07 095) Sherla Wijoyo ( C111 07 095) Residen: Residen: Dr.A.Bau Tune M. Dr.A.Bau Tune M. Supervisor : Supervisor : Prof. dr. Chairuddin Rasjad, Prof. dr. Chairuddin Rasjad, MD., Ph.D MD., Ph.D CASE PRESENTATION CLOSED FRACTURE OF LEFT NECK FEMUR
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Presented By :Presented By :Rosalya Mohd Wahid (C111 07 362)Rosalya Mohd Wahid (C111 07 362)
Supervisor :Supervisor :Prof. dr. Chairuddin Rasjad, MD., Ph.DProf. dr. Chairuddin Rasjad, MD., Ph.D
CASE PRESENTATION
CLOSED FRACTURE OF LEFT NECK FEMUR
PATIENT’S IDENTITYPATIENT’S IDENTITY NameName : : Mr. Arudin LadaaruMr. Arudin Ladaaru AgeAge : 39 years old : 39 years old Gender Gender : Male: Male AddressAddress : Anoa Street, Bau – Bau, : Anoa Street, Bau – Bau, Sulawesi TenggaraSulawesi Tenggara No.MRNo.MR : 008710: 008710 Date of admittance Date of admittance : 26: 26thth January 2012 January 2012
(19.00)(19.00)
HISTORY TAKINGHISTORY TAKING Chief complaint : Pain at left hipChief complaint : Pain at left hip History Taking :History Taking :
A 39 years old male was admitted to the hospital A 39 years old male was admitted to the hospital because he felt pain at his left hip. He had suffered it because he felt pain at his left hip. He had suffered it since 1 month ago, because of motorcycle accident. since 1 month ago, because of motorcycle accident. History of unconsciousness (-). History of queasy and History of unconsciousness (-). History of queasy and vomiting (-). History of take other medicine before(-).vomiting (-). History of take other medicine before(-).
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONPHYSICAL EXAMINATION• General Status : General Status :
- Inspection- Inspection : IC wasn’t visible: IC wasn’t visible- Palpation - Palpation : IC wasn’t palpable: IC wasn’t palpable- Percussion : normal heart size- Percussion : normal heart size- Auscultation : Regular of I/II heart sound, murmur (-)- Auscultation : Regular of I/II heart sound, murmur (-)
ORTHOPEDIC STATUSORTHOPEDIC STATUSLeft hip joint regionLeft hip joint region- Inspection Inspection
The skin appearance is same with its surrounding, The skin appearance is same with its surrounding, edema (-), edema (-), hiperemis (-), hematom (-)hiperemis (-), hematom (-)
- Palpation Palpation Tenderness(-)Tenderness(-)
- ROM ROM Restricted because of painRestricted because of pain
Introduction Introduction Fracture is a break in the structural continuity of bone. If Fracture is a break in the structural continuity of bone. If
the overlying skin remains intact it is a closed fracture; if the overlying skin remains intact it is a closed fracture; if the skin or one of the body cavities is breached it is an the skin or one of the body cavities is breached it is an open fracture, liable to contamination and infection.open fracture, liable to contamination and infection.
Type of fracture:Type of fracture:
Anatomy of femurAnatomy of femur Proximal: head, fovea and Proximal: head, fovea and
PauwelPauwel This is based on the angle of fracture from the horizontalThis is based on the angle of fracture from the horizontal
Classification of neck femurClassification of neck femur GardenGarden
Based on the degree of valgus displacementBased on the degree of valgus displacement
EpidemiologyEpidemiology 80% occur in women, the incidence doubles every 5 to 6 years 80% occur in women, the incidence doubles every 5 to 6 years
in women age >30 years.in women age >30 years. The incidence in younger patients is very low and is associated The incidence in younger patients is very low and is associated
mainly with high-energy trauma.mainly with high-energy trauma. Risk factors:Risk factors:
female sexfemale sex white racewhite race increasing ageincreasing age poor healthpoor health tobacco and alcohol usetobacco and alcohol use previous fractureprevious fracture fall historyfall history low estrogen levellow estrogen level
Mechanism of InjuryMechanism of Injury Low-energy trauma (in older patients)Low-energy trauma (in older patients)
Direct: A fall onto the greater trochanter or forced Direct: A fall onto the greater trochanter or forced external rotation of the lower extremity impinges an external rotation of the lower extremity impinges an osteoporotic neck onto the posterior lip of the osteoporotic neck onto the posterior lip of the acetabulumacetabulum
Indirect: Muscle forces overwhelm the strength of the Indirect: Muscle forces overwhelm the strength of the femoral neck.femoral neck.
High-energy trauma: such as motor-vehicle accident or High-energy trauma: such as motor-vehicle accident or fall from a significant height.fall from a significant height.
Cyclical loading-stress fractures: These are seen in Cyclical loading-stress fractures: These are seen in athletes, ballet dancers; patients with osteoporosisathletes, ballet dancers; patients with osteoporosis
Clinical featuresClinical features Pain in the hipPain in the hip Displaced fracture patient lies with the limb in Displaced fracture patient lies with the limb in
lateral rotation and the leg looks shortlateral rotation and the leg looks short Femoral neck fractures in young adults result from road Femoral neck fractures in young adults result from road
traffic accidents or falls from heights and are often traffic accidents or falls from heights and are often associated with multiple injuriesassociated with multiple injuries
A good rule is that young adults with A good rule is that young adults with severe injuries severe injuries whether they complain of hip pain /not – should always whether they complain of hip pain /not – should always
be examined!!be examined!!
Radiographic evaluationRadiographic evaluation AP and lateral view of the pelvisAP and lateral view of the pelvis An internal rotation view of the injured hip An internal rotation view of the injured hip help clarify the fracture patternhelp clarify the fracture pattern Magnetic resonance imaging may be of Magnetic resonance imaging may be of
clinical utility in delineating nondisplaced or clinical utility in delineating nondisplaced or occult fractures that are not apparent on plain occult fractures that are not apparent on plain radiographsradiographs
Treatment Treatment Goals to:Goals to:
minimize patient discomfort minimize patient discomfort restore hip functionrestore hip function allow rapid mobilization by obtaining early anatomic allow rapid mobilization by obtaining early anatomic
reduction and stable internal fixation / prosthetic reduction and stable internal fixation / prosthetic replacementreplacement
Nonoperative treatment for traumatic fractures is Nonoperative treatment for traumatic fractures is indicated only for patients who are at extreme indicated only for patients who are at extreme medical risk for surgerymedical risk for surgery
Hemiarthroplasty Hemiarthroplasty Advantages over ORIF:Advantages over ORIF:
It may allow faster full weight bearingIt may allow faster full weight bearing It eliminates nonunion, osteonecrosisIt eliminates nonunion, osteonecrosis
Disadvantages:Disadvantages: It is a more extensive procedure with greater blood loss.It is a more extensive procedure with greater blood loss. A risk of acetabular erosion exists in active individuals.A risk of acetabular erosion exists in active individuals.
Indications :Indications : Comminuted, displaced femoral neck fracture in the elderlyComminuted, displaced femoral neck fracture in the elderly Pathologic fracturePathologic fracture Poor medical conditionPoor medical condition Neurologic condition (dementia, ataxia, hemiplegia, parkinsonism)Neurologic condition (dementia, ataxia, hemiplegia, parkinsonism)
Contraindications:Contraindications: Active sepsisActive sepsis Active young personActive young person Preexisting acetabular disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)Preexisting acetabular disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
related to osteoporotic bone or technical problems related to osteoporotic bone or technical problems (malreduction, poor implant insertion)(malreduction, poor implant insertion)
Prominent hardware may occur secondary to Prominent hardware may occur secondary to fracture collapse and screw backoutfracture collapse and screw backout