Case 21 Review 3 rd 9 weeks objectives
Dec 14, 2015
Case 21 Review3rd 9 weeks objectives
Selective breeding and genetic engineering are 2 scientific techniques in which humans try to product offspring with ________________________.
Desirable traits
What is one reason why we would selectively breed dogs?
For competition For hunting For pets
What is one reason we would selectively breed cattle?
More meat More milk
What is one reason we would selectively breed crops?
Grow faster Produce higher yield Grow bigger
What are the benefits of selective breeding?
Farmers can produce crops with higher yield
Farmers can produce animals that grow more meat, milk, eggs, faster, stronger
Can produce friendlier and prettier pets
What are some disadvantages?
Loss of genes in a population Animal discomfort Can lead to inbreeding
Genetic engineering is a lot like selective breeding but it is a _______ process.
Faster
Define genetic engineering.
Taking favorable genes from one organisms and implanting it into another organism’s DNA.
People have taken the insulin making gene from humans and inserted it into ______ .
Bacteria
Give an example of ways we genetically alter plants.
Making them weed resistant. Making them pest resistant Making them resistant to cold
temperatures Making them able to go longer without
water.
Give examples of ways we genetically alter animals.
Alter fish to make them grow bigger and faster
Alter chickens to make them bigger or produce more eggs
Alter pigs to grow larger organs Alter mice to grow human ears
Genetic engineering may work wonders, but it is all a process of ________________.
Manipulating the natural
Give an advantage of genetic engineering.
Humans have made crops with better taste, nutrition, and growth rate
Humans have made pest resistant crops and crops with longer shelf life
Humans have been able to produce new foods
Humans can help cure certain diseases. Boosts positive traits and suppresses
negative ones
Give a disadvantage of genetic engineering.
Made some crops have less nutritional value
Accidental gene transfer May lead to a worse disease Playing God
Who came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What is a group of similar organisms that are similar and can reproduce?
Species
The preserved remains or traces of animals that dies long ago.
Fossil
A trait that helps an organisms survive
Adaptation
The belief that organisms change over many generations because they are responding to changes in nature
Natural selection
Animals that are not well adapted to an environment will most likely do what?
Become extinct
Differences in organisms of the same species.
Variations
If variations exist between organisms of the same species, the species is more likely to _______.
Survive
The ability of an organisms to blend into its environment
Camoufloage
The behavior in which an animal lowers its heart rate, breathing rate, and metabolism and sleeps during the cold winter months of the tundra.
Hibernation
When animals are inactive during the day to escape the sun’s intense heat of the desert and are active at night.
Nocturnal
The ability of an animal to light up part or all of their body.
Bioluminescence
What is the center of the Earth, which is the hottest layer?
Core (inner)
What is the biggest layer of the Earth?
Mantle
What is the thinnest layer of the Earth which is what we stand on?
Crust
What is the type of crust that makes up the land?
Continental
What is the type of crust found on the ocean floor?
Oceanic
What is the top part of the mantle and the bottom part of the crust?
Lithosphere
The lithosphere contains big pieces of hard rock called _____
Plates
Below the lithosphere is a flowing, moving layer of soft rock which has no strength to it. What is this layer?
Asthenosphere
What causes the asthenosphere to move – it is the rising of hot magma and sinking of cool magma?
Convection currents
What are plates which move towards each other and collide?
Convergent
What are plates that move away from each other?
Divergent
What are plates that slide past each other?
Transform
Two converging continental plates will create?
Mountains
If a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate, they will from?
Volcanic mountain Trench
Divergent plates will cause?
Rift valleys Mid-ocean ridge
Transform plates will cause?
Earthquakes
The theory which states all of the land used to be together in one big supercontinent, but the land masses have moved to their present day location is?
Continental drift
What is the supercontinent at the beginning of continental drift?
Pangaea
The idea which tries to explain the possibility of continental drift?
Plate tectonics
What is spot on the Earth’s surface above the focus where the earthquake was felt the most?
Epicenter
What is the instrument which measures and studies seismic waves?
Seismograph
What is the first type of wave to reach seismograph recording stations? (these go side to side)
P waves
What is the second wave to reach earthquake recording stations? (these go up and down)
S waves
What instrument reads the seismogram and rates the magnitude of the earthquake?
Richter scale
The Richter Scale operates on powers of?
10x
How much more ground shaking is a 6.0 earthquake than a 5.0 Richter scale earthquake?What about 4.0?
10x 100x
What is molten rock inside the Earth?
Magma
What is magma called when it reaches the surface?
Lava
An underwater mountain range, typically having a valley running along its spine is called?
Mid-ocean ridge
What is the layer of gases that surround the Earth?
Atmosphere
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
What is the 2nd most abundant gas?
Oxygen
What layer of the atmosphere contains most of our clouds and weather?
Troposphere
What layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer which blocks out most of the sun’s harmful UV rays?
Stratosphere
What layer of the atmosphere is the hottest?
Thermosphere
What layer is the coldest? This layer also protects us from most meteoroids.
Mesosphere
What layer of the atmosphere is the last layer that leads into outer space? It is part of the thermosphere.
Exosphere
What covers 70% of Earth’s surface?
Water
The amount of water vapor in the air is referred to as?
Humidity
What type of air can hold the most water vapor?
Warm
The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature is called?
Relative humidity
Water going from the air to the ground and back again is called?
The water cycle
When water on the Earth’s surface absorbs heat, the water turns into water vapor through a process called?
Evaporation
When water vapor gets cold and turns into liquid water, this is called the process of?
Condensation
What is the temperature at which water vapor condenses?
Dew point
When condensation water droplets get heavy enough to fall to the ground, this is called the process of?
Precipitation
When plants five off water vapor through their leaves and the water vapor goes into the air, this is called the process of?
Transpiration
The atmospheric condition at any one moment in time?
Weather
What is the average weather for an area called?
Climate
The measure of how fast air molecules are moving?
Temperature
Air molecule move _____ when temperature is high.
Fast
Air molecules move _____ when temperature is low
Slow
The transfer of energy when warm air rises and cold air sinks?
Convection
The weight of air on the Earth’s surface
Air pressure
Warm air creates _____ pressure
Low
Cold air create _____ pressure
High
When water vapor rises and condenses but the water droplets cannot fall to the ground, this is called a ____
Cloud
Air moving from one place to another.
Wind
The deflection of air to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere because of the Earth’s rotation is called the ?
Coriolis effect
The band of strong winds near the top of the troposphere?
Jet stream
The surface winds which are between the 0-30 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere?
Trade winds
The surface winds which are between the 30-60 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere?
Prevailing westerlies
The surface winds which are between the 60-90 degrees latitude in the northern and southern hemisphere?
Polar easterlies
The large body of air that develops over a particular area and assumes the characteristics of the area is called?
Air mass
The boundary between 2 different air masses is called?
Front
When cold air comes into an area and pushes warm air up out of the way, the front is called?
A cold front
When a warm air mass comes into an area and pushes cold air out of the way it is called?
A warm front
What symbols represent a cold front on a weather map?
Blue triangles
What symbols represent a warm front on a weather map?
Red semicircles
When a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet, but neither mass of air can move the other, this is called a ______ front.
Stationary
What symbol represents a stationary front on a weather map?
Blue triangles pointing one way and red semicircles pointing in the opposite direction
______ weather can cause strong winds and heavy precipitation, and can threaten property and people’s lives
Severe
This severe weather can develop from cumulonimbus clouds and form along cold fronts. They can have strong winds, dangerous hail, lightning and thunder.
Thunderstorm
This severe weather is a violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land.
Tornado
This severe weather begins as a large storm over an area of low pressure over tropical oceans. Heat energy from the moist air is converted into wind that can read speeds up to 250km/hr
Hurricane