CAS LX 522 Syntax I

Week 11. Interim summary Week 11. Interim summary and some things to do in and some things to do in

class.class.

CAS LX 522CAS LX 522Syntax ISyntax I

The Y modelThe Y model We’ve covered most of the components—let’s We’ve covered most of the components—let’s

walk slowly through a derivation to illustrate walk slowly through a derivation to illustrate everything we’ve got up to this point.everything we’ve got up to this point.

What does every student want me to be reading?What does every student want me to be reading?

DS

SS

LFPF

X-bar theory

Covert movement

Phonology/Morphology

TheorySubcategorization

Binding theory

Case theory, EPP

Overt movement,Expletive insertion

Walking through a Walking through a derivationderivation

What does every student want me to What does every student want me to be reading?be reading?

Read:Read: AgentAgent, Theme, Theme Want:Want: AgentAgent, Proposition, Proposition

Agents go in SpecVP, objects (Theme Agents go in SpecVP, objects (Theme and Proposition) are sister to their and Proposition) are sister to their verb at DS.verb at DS.

DS

SS

PF LF

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? To start with, figure To start with, figure

out the skeleton.out the skeleton.

There are two There are two clauses, clauses, every every student wants student wants (something)(something) and and me me to be reading whatto be reading what..

The top clause has The top clause has a +Q, +WH C, a +Q, +WH C, since it is a since it is a whwh--question.question.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[+Q][+WH]

[PRES]

Note: I’mignoring theAspP for -ing

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Then start filling Then start filling

in the in the -roles for -roles for the verbs.the verbs.

Remember:Remember: Each verb needs Each verb needs

to assign its to assign its --roles within its roles within its own VP.own VP.

Auxiliaries (Auxiliaries (bebe, , havehave) do not ) do not assign assign -roles.-roles.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q][+WH]

what

DPme

DPev.st.

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Are all the Are all the --

roles assigned?roles assigned? reading:reading:

Agent:Agent: meme Theme:Theme: whatwhat

want:want: Experiencer: Experiencer:

BillBill Proposition:Proposition: TP TP

It’s a good DS.It’s a good DS.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q][+WH]

what

DPme

DPev.st.

DS

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Now, we move things Now, we move things

around in order to around in order to have a satisfactory SS.have a satisfactory SS.

All DPs need Case.All DPs need Case. Every SpecTP needs Every SpecTP needs

to be filled.to be filled. A [+Q, +WH] C needs A [+Q, +WH] C needs

to have a [wh] to have a [wh] element in its element in its specifier.specifier.

Matrix [+Q] C needs T Matrix [+Q] C needs T to move up to it.to move up to it.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q][+WH]

what

DPme

DPev.st.

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Case:Case: So far, only So far, only

one DP has Case, one DP has Case, whatwhat..

Reading Reading is an active is an active transitive verb, it transitive verb, it assigns accusative assigns accusative Case to its sister.Case to its sister.

Moving up the tree, Moving up the tree, meme needs Case, and needs Case, and SpecTP needs to be SpecTP needs to be filled. Both problems filled. Both problems can be solved by can be solved by moving moving meme to to SpecTP.SpecTP.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q][+WH]

what

DPme

DPev.st.

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Case:Case: How does How does

meme get Case? get Case?

Nonfinite T (Nonfinite T (toto) ) does not assign does not assign Case to its Case to its specifier.specifier.

However, However, meme is is governed bygoverned by wantwant. . WantWant assigns assigns accusative Case to accusative Case to meme..

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q][+WH]

what

DPime

DP

ti

ev.st.

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Case:Case: Now, Now, every every

studentstudent needs needs Case and the Case and the higher SpecTP higher SpecTP needs to be filled.needs to be filled.

Both problems Both problems can be solved by can be solved by moving moving every every student student to to SpecTP.SpecTP.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q][+WH]

what

DPime

DP

ti

ev.st.

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Every studentEvery student

gets nominative gets nominative Case from the Case from the finite T.finite T.

What’s left?What’s left? Matrix [+Q] C Matrix [+Q] C

needs to have T needs to have T move to it.move to it.

A [+Q, +WH] C A [+Q, +WH] C needs a [wh] needs a [wh] element in its element in its specifier.specifier.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

CP

C

C

reading

want

to

[PRES]

[+Q,+WH]

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? T moves up to C.T moves up to C.

What’s left?What’s left? A [+Q, +WH] C A [+Q, +WH] C

needs a [wh] needs a [wh] element in its element in its specifier.specifier.

The only [wh] The only [wh] element we have element we have is is whatwhat, which , which we’ll need to move we’ll need to move into SpecCP.into SpecCP.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V DP

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? WhatWhat moves up to moves up to

SpecCP.SpecCP.

Now:Now: Every DP got Case Every DP got Case

(along the way).(along the way). All SpecTPs are All SpecTPs are

filled.filled. T moved to [+Q] C.T moved to [+Q] C. SpecCP has a [wh] SpecCP has a [wh]

element.element.

Is this is a good Is this is a good SS?SS?

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

SS

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Well, that’s weird.Well, that’s weird.

It It soundssounds like a good like a good sentence, but it sentence, but it shouldn’t be, should shouldn’t be, should it?it?

It looks like it should It looks like it should be a Subjacency be a Subjacency violation. And know violation. And know there’s no CP in there’s no CP in there, because there, because meme is is getting Case from getting Case from wantwant, so they , so they havehave to to be close together.be close together.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

SS

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Sentences like this one Sentences like this one

actually led to a fairly actually led to a fairly significant shift in how significant shift in how people thought about people thought about Subjacency.Subjacency.

For our purposes, a For our purposes, a close enough close enough approximation is to approximation is to thinking of TP as a thinking of TP as a bounding node bounding node only if only if dominated by a CPdominated by a CP..

It’s still TP that’s the It’s still TP that’s the barrier to movement, barrier to movement, but only if there’s a CP but only if there’s a CP above it—having a V above it—having a V above it like in this above it like in this sentence makes it sentence makes it “transparent”.“transparent”.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

SS

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? Now, the Now, the

derivation splits.derivation splits.

This (the SS) is This (the SS) is the the “pronunciation “pronunciation focus” of the focus” of the derivation.derivation.

First let’s head First let’s head off toward PF.off toward PF.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading?

The only problem The only problem with pronouncing with pronouncing this structure is this structure is that we have a that we have a “stranded affix”—“stranded affix”—the present tense the present tense suffix is in C, and suffix is in C, and cannot attach to cannot attach to a verb.a verb.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading?

So, we have to So, we have to insert insert dodo to to support the support the stranded affix.stranded affix.

This is the This is the pronounced form pronounced form of the sentence: of the sentence: What does every What does every student want me student want me to be reading?to be reading?

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

do-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

PF

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? We’re not done yet…We’re not done yet… At SS, the derivation At SS, the derivation

splits, one set of splits, one set of steps leads to PF. steps leads to PF. This is where This is where dodo--support (and also support (and also affix lowering) affix lowering) happens.happens.

But we also must But we also must compute the compute the meaning, the logical meaning, the logical form (LF).form (LF).

So we need to return So we need to return to SS and consider to SS and consider the LF branch.the LF branch.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

SS

What does every What does every student want me to student want me to

be reading?be reading? We have a We have a

quantifier, quantifier, every every studentstudent, and all , and all quantifiers need to quantifiers need to move out of TP move out of TP before we have a before we have a valid LF. valid LF. (Quantifiers need (Quantifiers need to leave a trace to to leave a trace to serve as a serve as a variable)variable)

So So every studentevery student needs to adjoin to needs to adjoin to TP.TP.

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

SS

What does every What does every student want me student want me to be reading?to be reading?

The quantifier is The quantifier is not moving very not moving very far, but it is now no far, but it is now no longer contained in longer contained in TP. TP. (TP does not (TP does not dominate DPdominate DPjj))

The requirements The requirements on LF are now met, on LF are now met, this is a valid LF.this is a valid LF.

What is the What is the xx such such that for every that for every student student yy, , yy wants wants me to be reading me to be reading xx??

DS

SS

PF LF

VP

Vbe

V

DPm

VP

V

V

TP

T

T

VP

V

V

TP

T

CP

C

C+Tk

reading

want

to

-s

what

DPime

DPj

ti

ev.st.

tj

tk

tm

LFTP

tj

Some others Some others OpOpii that we that we might want might want PROPROsubsub to do to do

ttii

What is likely to be served at What is likely to be served at Thanksgiving?Thanksgiving?

Who should not expect to eat every Who should not expect to eat every drumstick?drumstick?

Most students know where to go.Most students know where to go.