Cartoon #1: Modern cartoon. Cartoon #2: Late 1870s Cartoon.

• Millions of immigrants entered the U.S. in the late 19th Century for various reasons• Push Factors• Pull Factors

• Push:Push:•1. Religious Persecution

•2. Overpopulation

•3. Spirit of Reform in Europe

• Pull:Pull:•1. Availability of Jobs

•2. Availability of Land

•3. Political and Religious Freedom

• Europeans arrived on the East Coast (New York Harbor)

•Ellis IslandEllis Island• Before 1890---mostly from western and northern Europe

• After 1890, mostly from southern and eastern Europe

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map!!

• From 1892-1924, 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island’s facilities•20% were detained more than one day

•2% were denied entry

ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR

• Statue of Liberty

• Ellis Island

• Chinese arrived on the West Coast•Angel Island Angel Island is in San Francisco • Port for Asian immigrants

•Processing was much harder than that on Ellis Island• Why?

• Pull Factors included:•Gold Rush•Railroads

Many Chinese men worked for the railroads

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ANGEL ISLAND WAS CONSIDERED MORE HARSH THAN ELLIS ISLAND

• Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese workers

• Immigrants arrived from Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other islands

• Mexicans immigrated to the U.S. to find work and flee political turmoil

• While some tried to assimilate into American culture, others created ethnic communities

• Some native born Americans disliked the immigrants unfamiliar customs and languages• Known as ““Nativism”Nativism”• Xenophobia: Xenophobia: fear of anyone/thing foreign

• In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act which limited Chinese immigration until 1943

Chinatowns are found in many major cities

Defacto segregation

• To become a citizencitizen (A citizen is a participatory member of a political community) you must complete the NATURALIZATION process• SEE HANDOUT• Long Process1.Application2.Background check3.Citizenship Test4.Interview5.Ceremony

• OBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE: You will analyze Primary and Secondary sources to determine whether the source presents the realities of American immigration as a DREAM or NIGHTMARE.