Carrot

CARROT CULTIVATION(Daucus carota)

GROUP : CEXPORT AGRICULTURE DEGREE PROGRAMME

Presented by: M.J.Infaz (UWU/EAG/11/OO20)R.A.D.S.Rupasinghe (UWU/EAG/11/0024)

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CONTENT• Introduction• Scientific classification• Major growing areas• Ecological requirement• Morphology• Chemical compounds present in carrot• Carrot varieties• Why most carrots are in orange colour?• Land preparation• Management practices• Uses of carrot• Pest and diseases in carrot cultivation• Forking effect

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INTRODUCTION

• Herbaceous root vegetable• Consumption part of carrot is taproot

although the greens are edible as well• Biennial plants

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• Kingdom : Plantae• Order : Apiales• Family : Apiaceae• Genus : Daucus• Species : D. carota • Binomial name: Daucus carota

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

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1. Up-country

Nuwara Eliya

Welimada

2. Mid-country

Badulla

Bandarawela

Matale

MAJOR GROWING AREAS

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Temperature

• Normally a cool-weather crop • Warmer T are only acceptable early in

growing process• Grow best in T between 60F and 70F • If T < 50 F will stunt the growth of

foliage • Can tolerate a light frost; but prolonged

exposure should be avoided

ECOLOGICAL REGUIREMENT

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pH Value

6.5 to 7.5 for best results

Soil texture and weight• Sandy soils, sandy loam and silted loam are the best

• Heavy, clay soils or compacted soils may produce a warped or stunted crops

ECOLOGICAL REGUIREMENT

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Stemgreen in color as well as grown up to 1m tallLeavesTheir leaves are of variable size and alternately arranged, or alternate with the upper leaves becoming nearly oppositeFlowersthe corolla can be white, yellow, pink or purple with 5 petals, sepals, and stamens

MORPHOLOGY

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Pollination of carrot• Cross-pollinated crop• Pollination occurs mainly through

bees• The pollen viability is depend on

the temperature

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Seeds

• Somewhat oblong

• Brownish in colour

• Margins can be appeared externally

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CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS• Polyacetylene

• Falcarinol and Falcarindiol (Falcarindiol- responsible for bitterness in carrots)

• Pyrrolidine (Present in the leaves)

• Eugenin (Gazarin)

• Falcarindiol 3-acetate

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CARROT VARIETIES

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CARROT VARIETIES IN THE WORLD

Indigo

Sunlite Inca

Creme de lite

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Navajo

Sirkana

Top cut

CARROT VARIETIES IN THE WORLD

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LOCAL VARIETIES New Kuroda

• Grows vigorously, very smooth and nice color, widely adaptable

• Maturity -110 days after sowing• Tolerant to leaf blight and heat• Can cultivate both up and low country

Top weight • Leaves - Few, finely divided, short tubers,

orange, cylindrical to somewhat conical with small, light yellow core

• Maturity – 120 days after sowing

Cape market • Leaves - Numerous, coarsely divided• Tubers - Dark orange, long (25-30 cm),conical

with large orange core• Maturity- 90 – 115 days after sowing

LOCAL VARIETIES

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β-Carotene structure. Carotene is responsible for the orange colour of carrots and many other fruits and vegetables

WHY MOST OF CARROT IN ORANGE COLOUR???

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• Soil should be ploughed to a depth of 30-40 cm and worked to a very fine tilth

• Prepare raised beds 1 m wide and 20 cm high

• Incorporate 5-10 tons/ha of cattle manure or compost to beds and level

LAND PREPARATION

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Monocropping

Intercropping

Mixcropping

CAN BE DONE AS;

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MANAGEMENT PRACTICESFertilizer useN-180 kg/ha, P2O5-90 kg/ha, K2O-120 kg/ha

a) Basal - apply the following formulations and rates:i). Urea - 200 kg/haii). TSP - 300 kg/haiii). MOP - 125 kg/ha

b) Top dressing - apply 4-6 weeks after plantingi). Urea - 250 kg/haii). MOP - 125 kg/ha

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Irrigation Irrigate daily until germination occurs and, then once every 4 daysDepending on rainfall

Weed controlHand weed 2 and 4 weeks after planting a) The following herbicides may be used:i) Linuron - 0.75-1.0 kg/ha pre-or post¬-emergence (for wettable powder formulation only)ii) Metribuzin - 0.35 kg/ha pre-emergence (do not use, post-emergence)

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ABOUT CARROT…………Seed rate4 kg/ha

Time of plantingBoth Yala and Maha

Planting and spacinga) Mix seed with dry soil for even distribution and row sow or broadcast on raised bedsb) Row-sown: 25-30 cm between rows, 5 cm between plantsc) Thin 4-6 weeks after planting to maintain a space of 5 cm between plants within the row

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Time to maturity75-90 days

Yielda) Up-country: 35-40 t/ha b) Mid-country: 15-20 t/ha

ABOUT CARROT…………

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USES OF CARROT

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USES OF CARROT

• Antioxidant benefitsCarotenoidsHydroxycinnamic acidAnthocyanindins

• Cardiovascular Benefits• Vision Health• Anti-Cancer Benefits• Decorations• Cosmetics

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1. Leaf spot (Cercospora carotae)

a). Symptomi) Lesions with circular white centers on young leaves

b) Controli) Treat seed with recommended fungicide ii) Rotate cropsiii) Destroy infected plant debrisiv) Spray foliage with a recommended fungicide

DISEASE CONTROL

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a) Symptomi) Spots on older leaves, develop into irregular brown lesions with yellowish centre

b) Controli). Rotate cropsii). Treat seeds with a recommended fungicideiii). Destroy infected plant debrisiv). Spray foliage with a recommended fungicide

2. Alternaria blight (Alternaria dauci)

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a) Symptomsi). Diseased tissues are soft and gelatinous with a distinct boundary between infected and healthy tissue ii). Rotten tissue has a characteristically unpleasant odour

b) Controli). Rotate crop with maize, pulses, etc.ii). Destroy and remove infected plant debrisiii). Facilitate good drainageiv). Avoid damage during transplanting, harvesting and other cultural operationsv). Store roots in a ventilated, dry placevi). Follow fungicide recommendations for disease Control

3. Bacterial soft rot (Erwinia caratora)

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PESTS

• Carrot Rust Fly

• Carrot Weevils

• Parsley worms

• Leaf minor

Carrot Weevils

Carrot Rust Fly

Parsley worms

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FORKING EFFECT

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• There is experimental evidence that growing it intercropped with tomatoes increases tomato production

• If left to flower, it attracts predatory wasps that kill many garden pest

DO YOU KNOW???

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THANK YOU!