DIGITIZATION FOR BEGINNERS Susanne Caro Mansfield Library 2/19/2014
Before you start
• Why do you want to digitize?• What is digitization? • I have a scanner at home! Equipment basics• Realistic expectations- time and money• Best practices• Funding• Partnering
Why digitize?
• Increase access • Preservation• Marketing your library and collections• Community expectations• Administrative expectations
What is digitization? • The creation of electronic versions of tangible materials.• Can be black & white, greyscale, color• 2Dor 3D objects• Single items or compiled • Audio or moving images
Collection Selection
• Interest/ uniqueness• Copyright issues
Text vs. images• Size matters- image quality and space concerns• Access methods• Example
Interest/ uniqueness• Has this already been digitized?• Digital Repositories
Internet Archive
Hathi TrustDigitization Projects Registry (FDLP)
Google books
Check state historical societies, archives, state libraries
Copyright issues• Is it public domain?• Is the item copyrighted?• Can permission be obtained?• Should you include a copyright statement?• Does your library donation form include copyright
information?
I have a scanner at home! Equipment basics• Image scanners
• Desk top (flat bed) • Large format • Book Scanner • Digital Cameras
Photo by Al Billings, DIY Book Scanner Kit Beta Mark 1
Realistic expectations- time and money
Equipment
Scanner
Computer/s
Software
Labor• Scanning• Metadata• Uploading
Research
copyrightother digital
sources
Access/ Storage
-Varies according to:
size of the collection
If hosted or in house
Preservation
Collection maintenance
Outsourcing/ Hardware/ Software
Scanner• Desk top (flat bed)
$200+• Large format $2,000 +• Book Scanner $10,000+• Digital Cameras $50.00
+
Per page scanning
.10- $1.30 per page
• Computer
scanning software
additional memory
metadata program
server/ hosting
OCR
Scanning SoftwareOnline access
Planning
Research
copyright
In-house or vender
Scanning
Metadata
pre-existent record
original cataloging
Uploading
Batch
Item
PreservationFile monitoring
migration
Format
Text• Tend to be
longer works• Can use OCR
on typed documents
• Per page- smaller files
Image• Data-rich• Can be in
color or greyscale
• File size dependent on size/ detail of original
Media• Large file size• Requires
different file types
• Can include oral histories
Size matters- image quality and space concerns
Test Time file size notes
Type/ File Image/ TIFF
greyscale, 8 bit
300 dpi 40 sec 18 mb
600 dpi 1 min 35 sec 72 mb
1200 dpi 7 min 288 mb
Color, 24 bit
300 dpi 2 min 54 mb
600 dpi 5 min 216 mb
1200 dpi 19 min 864 mb
Metadata
What are bytes?• byte (8 bits, a single charter of text)• kb (kilobyte) 1000 bytes • mb (megabyte) 1,000,000 bytes• gb (gigabyte) 1,000,000,000 bytes• tb (terabyte) 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
A new computer may come with 8gb of memory with a 1tb hard drive.
File types
Master files
TIFF• Not compressed• Can be converted to
other file types
JPEG 2000Works with Dublin Core
Access• Can include thumbnail
• GIF (better for images)
For printingPDF, JPEG, JPEG 2000
Based on NARA guidelines
Access methods
Library website• Control over appearance• Branding• Easy to link to collection
Hosted• Migration and
preservation• Off-site storage• Multiple servers
Down and Dirty
• In-house or outsourcing• Working with volunteers• Working with vendors• The format question- PDF, PDF/A, JPEG, HTML• Metadata
Example
In-house or outsourcing
• Staff time• Cost of equipment• Server space• Maintenance
Cost: • Per item• Space• Maintenance • Upgrade
Working with vendors
• Check references• Check previous work
For scanning
What equipment is used?How are items handled?What types of files created?
Can you have copies of masters?
Will there be OCR
Will metadata be created and what level?
HostingHow will the files be accessed?Are there multiple servers?How often are files monitored?What will happen if files are damaged?If contract is terminated- what happens to the files?
Working with volunteers• Find interested parties• Determine comfort level• Use volunteers to test equiptment/software• Document procedures• If possible create guides • Give credit
Metadata options• Dublin Core
• 15+ categories• Developed for electronic document
Library of Congress StandardsStandards for various formats
• Create your own
Caption 004_BeckwithFamily;
Identifier 004_BeckwithFamily.tif
Subject Women--Photographs;
Description Photo of an unknown event;
Publisher Hosted by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah;
Resource Type Image;
Format.Use image/jpeg
Format.Creation
Originals scanned with Creo-Scitex Eversmart Jazz flatbed scanner and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed tif. Display images created in PhotoshopCS as jpegs 800 pixels in width.
Language eng
Rights Management Digital image copyright 2006, Beckwith Family, all rights reserved.
Source Material BW Photopraph
Source Physical Dimensions 8cm x 18cm
Archival Resolution 400 ppi tif
Low-resolution jpeg 800 pixels in width
Bit Depth 8-bit greyscale
Scanning Device Creo-Scitex Eversmart Jazz flatbed scanner
Delta City Library, Beckwith Photograph Collection, Hosted by U. Utah
Title El Palacio, Vol. 21, no. 3-4-5 (September 1, 1926) Title-Alternative El Palacio Magazine Date of Issue 1926-09-01 Author/Publisher Museum of New Mexico Contributoring Authors Archaeological Society of
New Mexico; School of American Research (Santa Fe, N.M.)
Subjects New Mexico--Antiquities--Periodicals; Southwest, New--Antiquities- -Periodicals. Description Frequency varies; pages 57-132 (some pages unnumbered). Page 58 printed as 60 (duplicate page numbering). Index to Vol.21 in issue 12. Digitization specifications 6169 KB Rights Management Originally digitized for the Fine Arts Museum Library and New Mexico Art Museum. Online publishing, permission of El Palacio.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Q:PHASE 2 . . .\EL PALACIO_READY (Vols, 16 thru 73)\Volume 21, nos. 1-12\V21_n3-5\Vol21No3-4-5(OCR-Optimized-Reduced).pdf Published On-Line by New Mexico State Library Type New Mexico State Document OCLC 01641774
Funding- Grants and Gifts
• GrantsLSTA (Library Services and Technology Act)
• IMLS (Institute of Museum and Library Services)
• Local historical societies/ archives
• Guidestar• Foundation Center
• Gifts• Volunteers• Funds• Equipment• Expertise• Time
Partnering• Interested parties/ organizations• Like-minded organizations
• State Libraries/ archives • Universities• Consortiums