Carnatic Violin Theory Level 1
Table of Contents
1. Introduction & Elements of Carnatic Music ........................................................... 1
2. The Violin ................................................................................................................ 3
3. The Carnatic Violin – Swara Positions and Finger Guide ........................................ 5
4. Composers – Saint Purandara Dasa ........................................................................ 7
5. Swaravali Varisaigal ................................................................................................ 9
6. Jantai Varisaigal .................................................................................................... 23
7. Dhattu Varisaigal .................................................................................................. 40
8. Upper Sthayi Varisaigal ......................................................................................... 46
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1. Introduction & Elements of Carnatic Music What is Carnatic Music ? It is a system of music that is commonly associated with the Southern India. It is one of the two main subgenres of Indian Classical Music that has evolved from the ancient Hindu traditions, the other subgenre being Hindustani Music, which emerged as a distinct form because of the Persian and Islamic influences in the Northern India. The two main elements of Carnatic Music:
a. Raga – Mode or melodic formulae
b. Tala – Rhythmic cycles
Other important elements of Carnatic music are: a. Shruthi – Refers to the musical pitch – It is an audible sound which can be
heard distinctly. It is a musical sound which a well-trained human ear is
capable of distinguishing.
b. Swara – Refers to a type of musical sound that is in a single note – There are
7 basic swaras – Called the Sapta (7) Swaras
I. Shadjam – Sa
II. Rishabam – Ri
III. Ghandaram – Ga
IV. Madhyamam – Ma
V. Panchamam – Pa
VI. Dhaivatham – Dha
VII. Nishadham – Ni
The Ancient Tamil Music terms and the European Notes are as follows
Symbol Pronounced as
Ancient Tamil Music
European Notes
Shadjam S Sa Kural Doh
Rishabham R Ri Uzhai Ray
Ghandharam G Ga Kaikilai Me
Madhyamam M Ma Thuttam Fa
Panchamam P Pa Ili Soh
Dhaivatham D Dha Vilari Lah
Nishadham N Ni Tharam Te
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c. Swara Classification
I. Prakrithi Swaras – Fixed Notes – Sa & Pa (2 Notes)
II. Vikrithi Swaras – Consists of two varieties –
a) Lower – Komal R1, G1, M1, D1, N1 (5 Notes)
b) Higher – Theevra R2, G2, M2, D2, N2 (5 Notes)
In total, there are 12 notes or shruthi’s
Swara Symbol Swara
Classification Position Swaram’s Name Symbol
Shadjam S Prakrithi Fixed Shadjam S
Rishabam R Vikrithi Komal Suddha Rishabham R1
Theevra Chathu Sruthi Rishabham R2
Ghandharam G Vikrithi Komal Sadharana Gandharam G1
Theevra Anthara Gandharam G2
Madhyamam M Vikrithi Komal Suddha Madhyamam M1
Theevra Prathi Madhyamam M2
Panchamam P Prakrithi Fixed Panchamam P
Dhaivatham D Vikrithi Komal Suddha Dhaivatham D1
Theevra Chathu Sruthi Dhaivatham D2
Nishadham N Vikrithi Komal Kaisiki Nishadham N1
Theevra Kakali Nishadham N2
III. Purvanga – The group of first four swaras of the sapta swaras – Sa,
Ri, Ga and Ma
IV. Uttharanga – The group of last three notes – Pa, Da and Ni
d. Raga Pattern
I. Arohana – The ascending order of Swaras
II. Avarohana – The descending order of Swaras
e. Sthayis – The swaras beginning with Sa and ending with Ni is called a Sthayi.
There are five sthayi’s:
I. Anumandra Sthayi – Represented with 2 dots below the swaras
II. Mandra Sthayi – Represented with 1 dot below the swaras
III. Madhya Sthayi – Swara without any dots
IV. Tara Sthayi – Represented with 1 dot above the swaras
V. Ati-Tara Sthayi – Represented with 2 dots above the swaras
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The Stayis explained in ascending order with notations
2. The Violin
The strings family
Anumandra Sthayi
Mandra Sthayi
Madhya Sthayi
Tara Sthayi
Ati-Tara Sthayi
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. S R G M P D N
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. S R G M P D N
S R G M P D N
S R G M P D N . . . . . . .
S R G M P D N . . . . . . .
Violin Viola Chello Double Bass
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3. The Carnatic Violin – Swara Positions and Finger Guide
Pa String - 1st String
Sa String – 2nd String
Lower Pa String – 3rd String
Lower Sa String – 4th String
R1
R2
G1
G2
M1
M2
D1
D2
N1
N2
S .
Index Finger = R1, R2, D1, D2 Middle Finger = G1, G2, N1, N2 Ring Finger = M1, M2, S .
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Swara Positions and Finger Guide
(+ Mel Stayi Varisai, also known as Tara Stayi Varisai)
Pa String - 1st String
Sa String – 2nd String
Lower Pa String – 3rd String
Lower Sa String – 4th String
R1
R2
G1
G2
M1
M2
D1
D2
N1
N2
S .
R1
R2
G1
G2
.
.
M1
M2
P
P
D1
D2
N1
N2
S
.
.
. .
.
.
Index Finger = R1, R2, D1, D2, Middle Finger = G1, G2, N1, N2 Ring Finger = M1, M2, S
.
Part ‘A’
Part ‘A’
Part ‘B’
1st String Index Finger = Hi S Middle Finger = Hi R1, R2 Ring Finger = Hi G1, G2, M1, M2 Pinky – Hi P
.
2nd String Index Finger = M1 Middle Finger = M2, P Ring Finger = D1, D2, N1, N2 Pinky – Hi S
Part ‘B’
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4. Composers – Saint Purandara Dasa Actual Name: Srinivasa Nayaka Lived During: 1484 – 1564 C.E. Place of Birth: Purandargarh near Pune in Maharashtra, finally settled at Hampi (Vijayanagar) Wife: Saraswathi Bai The Modern period of Carnatic (Karnatic) music begins with "Purandaradas" (1484-1564). He was the pioneer who blended the rich musical streams of Dravidian and Aryan music into a single stream called Karnatic music. This synthesis of cultures resulted in the hybrid variety, a highly rich traditional and classical musical system. Sri Purandaradas born at Purandargarh near Pune in Maharastra, finally settled at Hampi (Vijayanagar), a border area for both Northern and Southern cultures. The aesthetic beauty of both the Northern and Southern flow of music attracted him as similar ragas and 'thalas' exist in both the systems in different names. The Aryan system was more prevalent in princely courts whereas the Dravidan system was prevalent in the temples of South India. Sri Purandara Das decided that "Malava gowla" raga of the South was the most suited for beginners. The corresponding Raga in the North is called "Bhairav". In "Malavagowla" subsequently named as "Maya Malavagowla", the difference of pitch between 'Ri' and 'Ga', and 'Dha' and 'Ni' are the same and the notes Sa-Ri-Ga-Ma and Pa-Dha-Ni-Sa are perfect concordant notes. That is why Purandara Dasa found Maya Malavagowla the best Raga to begin lessons in the classical music. This system of music is called "Karnataka Music" as he belongs to that region and the music is very pleasing to the ears. He created several phrases of notes called "Sarali" "Janta", Hetchu-sthayi, "Thaggu sthayi" and "Datu" Swaras. He also simplified "Thala" system and moulded it into "Pancha-Thrimsathi" Thala system and composed "Alankaras" to be sung in those Thalas. All these initial notes or Swaras are to be sung in Maya Malavagowla. The next phase of learning of a beginner is "Geetham" for which Purandaradasa created "Pillari Geetams" in Rag-Malahari" a derivative of Maya-Malava-Gowla . Gradually the Ragas and their notes are to be changed to acquaint the student with different notes step by step. Purandara Dasa was therefore, rightly called Karnataka Sangeeta Pithamaha. Further Purandara Dasa said in his song "Vasudevana namavaliya" (Mukhari raga) that he composed 4,75,000 Keerthanas. About 800 of them are available now. As the original tunes are lost, people sing some of them in their own tunes.
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Three schools influenced the beginning of the modern period of Karnatic music:
I. The Vishnu Bhaktas of Dwaita school comprising Narahari Theertha, Sree
Pada Raja, Vyasa Raja, Vadhi Raja Purandar dasa, Kanaka Dasa, Vijaya Dasa
Jagannadha Dasa etc. and the compositions of all these Dasas, about 5,00,000
compositions in number, are called Dasara Pada Galu.
II. Shiva sharanas of Veera Saivam such as Basaveswara, Akka Mahadevi, Channa
Basaveswara, Nijaguna Shiva Yogi etc. had their compositions in poetry and
vachanas, which contributed substantially to the enrichment of
contemporary music
III. Nayanars, Alwars and other Tamil writers composed varieties of songs called
Thevaram (Devaram), Thiruppughaz, Arupti etc. The prominent composers of
these were Manikkavachagar, Arunagirinather, Ramalingaswamy, Muthu
Thandavar, Marimuthu Pillay, Papavinas-Mudaliar etc of the subsequent
period.
Sri Purandara Dasa's life is a wonderful episode in human history showing how an initially miserly man was converted into a great Bhakta by the grace of Lord Vithala. The earlier name of Purandara Dasa was Srinivasa Nayaka. In his earlier days he was miserly and cruel. His wife Sri Lakshmi Saraswati Bai was pious and kind to fellow human beings. The turning point in the life of Srinivasa Nayaka occurred at the instance of the Lord who in the guise of a poor brahmin begged for alms for conducting the sacred thread ceremony of his son. Srinivasa Nayaka in his customary style drove away the disguised brahmin who straight away went to his wife and repeated the drama. His wife being a very kind hearted one, gave away her diamond studded nose ring and the Brahmin went to Srinivasa Nayaka again and asked him to give some money in return for the diamond-studded ornament. Srinivas Nayaka identifying it as his wife's ornament kept it in his iron safe and went to his wife to enquire about the nasal ring. Bewildered at the turn of events Sri Saraswathi Bai decided to end her life and was about to take poison. But in that container Lord put a similar ornament to the utter surprise of Saraswathi Bai, who went ahead and showed the same to Srinivasa Nayaka as if nothing has happened. Surprised at this Srinivasa checked his iron safe and found the ornament kept by him intact. This made him realise that the Brahmin in disguise was none other than Lord Vithala. He repented for his misdeeds, begged pardon of the Lord, and renounced all his wealth to become a saint and was called "Purandar Dasa". This inspired him to sing innumerable songs in praise of the Lord, which numbered about 4,75,000 of which about 800 survive.
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5. Swaravali Varisaigal Following the examples given, complete lessons 3 until 14 using the correct bars according to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Speed. Example – Swarali Varisai 1 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Sa Ri Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa
Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Ri Sa
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S N D P M G R S
S R G M P D N S S N D P M G R S
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S N D P M G R S S R G M P D N S S N D P M G R S
S R G M P D N S S N D P M G R S S R G M P D N S S N D P M G R S
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Example – Swarali Varisai 2 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R S R S R G M
S R G M P D N S
S N S N S N D P
S N D P M G R S
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R S R S R G M S R G M P D N S
S N S N S N D P S N D P M G R S
S R S R S R G M S R G M P D N S
S N S N S N D P S N D P M G R S
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R S R S R G M S R G M P D N S S N S N S N D P S N D P M G R S
S R S R S R G M S R G M P D N S S N S N S N D P S N D P M G R S
S R S R S R G M S R G M P D N S S N S N S N D P S N D P M G R S
S R S R S R G M S R G M P D N S S N S N S N D P S N D P M G R S
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 3 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 4 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 5 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 6 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 7 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 8 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 9 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 10 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 11 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 12 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 13 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Swarali Varisai 14 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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6. Jantai Varisaigal Following the examples given, complete lessons 4 until 9 using the correct bars according to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Speed. Example – Jantai Varisai 1 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS
SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS
SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
SS RR GG MM PP DD NN SS
SS NN DD PP MM GG RR SS
Full Bow
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
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Example – Jantai Varisai 2 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP
GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN
PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP
NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG
PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN
PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG
PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP
GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP
NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN
PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP
NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG
PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP
GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN
PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP
NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS
SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP
GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN
PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG
PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS
SS RR GG MM RR GG MM PP
GG MM PP DD MM PP DD NN PP DD NN SS SS NN DD PP
NN DD PP MM DD PP MM GG
PP MM GG RR MM GG RR SS
Quarter Bow
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Example – Jantai Varisai 3 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM
RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD
MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS
SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM
DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR
MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD
MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM
DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM
RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS
SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR
MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD
MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM
DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
SSR SSR SR SS RR GG MM
RRG RRG RG RR GG MM PP
GGM GGM GM GG MM PP DD MMP MMP MP MM PP DD NN
PPD PPD PD PP DD NN SS
SSN SSN SN SS NN DD PP
NND NND ND NN DD PP MM DDP DDP DP DD PP MM GG
PPM PPM PM PP MM GG RR
MMG MMG MG MM GG RR SS
Quarter Bow
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Jantai Varisai 4 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Quarter Bow
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Jantai Varisai 5 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Quarter Bow
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Jantai Varisai 6 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Quarter Bow
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Jantai Varisai 7 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Quarter Bow
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Jantai Varisai 8 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Quarter Bow
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Jantai Varisai 9 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Full Bow
Half Bow
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3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 2 Swaras or the group of swaras based on the phrasing of the Jantai Varisai.
Quarter Bow
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7. Dhattu Varisaigal Complete the table below by writing the notes of Dhattu Varisaigal Dhattu Varisai 1 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R S G R G R M
S M G R S R G M
Full Bow
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Dhattu Varisai 1 2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R S G R G R M S M G R S R G M
R G R M G M G P R P M G R G M P
S R S G R G R M S M G R S R G M
R G R M G M G P R P M G R G M P
Half Bow
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Dhattu Varisai 1 3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R S G R G R M S M G R S R G M R G R M G M G P R P M G R G M P
S R S G R G R M S M G R S R G M R G R M G M G P R P M G R G M P
S R S G R G R M S M G R S R G M R G R M G M G P R P M G R G M P
S R S G R G R M S M G R S R G M R G R M G M G P R P M G R G M P
Quarter Bow
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Dhattu Varisai 2 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S M G M R G S R
S G R G S R G M
Full Bow
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Dhattu Varisai 2 2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S M G M R G S R S G R G S R G M
S M G M R G S R S G R G S R G M
Half Bow
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Dhattu Varisai 2 3rd Speed – Quarter Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S M G M R G S R S G R G S R G M R P M P G M R G R M G M R G M P
S M G M R G S R S G R G S R G M R P M P G M R G R M G M R G M P
S M G M R G S R S G R G S R G M R P M P G M R G R M G M R G M P
S M G M R G S R S G R G S R G M R P M P G M R G R M G M R G M P
Quarter Bow
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8. Upper Sthayi Varisaigal Complete the table below by writing the notes of Upper Sthayi Varisaigal Upper Sthayi Varisai 1 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
3rd Speed – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Half Bow
Quarter Bow
Full Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 47
Upper Sthayi Varisai 2 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Half Bow
Full Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 48
Upper Sthayi Varisai 2 3rd Speed – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Quarter Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 49
Upper Sthayi Varisai 3 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Half Bow
Full Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 50
Upper Sthayi Varisai 3 3rd Speed – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Quarter Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 51
Upper Sthayi Varisai 4 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Half Bow
Full Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 52
Upper Sthayi Varisai 4 3rd Speed – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Quarter Bow
© TheCarnaticViolin.com Page 53
Upper Sthayi Varisai 5 1st Speed – Full Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S
2nd Speed – Half Bow – 1 Bow for 1 Swaram
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
S R G M P D N S S ; S ;
Half Bow
Full Bow