Cargo Securement of Materials - Complete Copy

Cargo Securement of Materials Increasing safety of transporting material via

semi-trucks though improved procedure.

Would you drive

behind this?

Table of Contents: 1) Authority, Liability, and Responsibility ............................................................................................... 3

2) Fundamentals of preparing and loading cargo ................................................................................... 4

3) Situational examples ............................................................................................................................ 5

4) Right vs. wrong examples .................................................................................................................... 7

4.1 Lumber ................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.2 Beams ................................................................................................................................................. 8

4.3 Post Shores .......................................................................................................................................... 9

4.4 Scaffolding & Frames ........................................................................................................................ 10

4.5 Safety Posts ....................................................................................................................................... 11

4.6 Yokes ................................................................................................................................................. 11

4.7 Tripods .............................................................................................................................................. 12

4.8 Mud Sills ............................................................................................................................................ 12

4.9 Blockouts ........................................................................................................................................... 13

4.10 Walkway Brackets ........................................................................................................................... 13

4.11 Trusses ............................................................................................................................................ 14

4.12 Cross Braces .................................................................................................................................... 15

4.13 Wooden Stakes ............................................................................................................................... 15

4.14 Gate Clamps .................................................................................................................................... 16

4.15 Sailboats .......................................................................................................................................... 16

4.16 Handrails ......................................................................................................................................... 17

4.17 Basket Material ............................................................................................................................... 17

5) Other ................................................................................................................................................... 18

Scope and goal of this document:

Improving procedure of material securement to increase safety of transporting material via

semi-trucks.

Ineffective or non-existent training of the loading ground crew, coupled with truck drivers’

inability to deny dangerous loads, is the direct result of the dangers and liabilities of

transporting material.

The above picture shows a ground crewman that was convinced the cargo he loaded was

adequate to travel, and was encouraging the driver to accept the load. These kinds of

dangerous loading decisions are what cause near-misses and road incidents.

1) Authority, Liability, and Responsibility Driver:

The driver is ultimately responsible for his load.

The driver has the right to refuse the load and/or ask for it to be rearranged before tying

down.

It is the driver’s responsibility to know the weight of his load.

Loading Ground Crewman:

Must follow any direction given by driver in the loading and securement of cargo.

Must use proper securement procedure in preparation of cargo.

Must load to his/her best judgement and use common sense.

An improperly secured load can result in accidents that can lead to:

Loss of life

Loss of load or damage to cargo

Issuance of citations/fines to you or the company or jail time

Higher insurance rates

Being placed out of service, loss of jobsite time

Fleet shutdown

Damage to Baker Concrete’s reputation

2) Fundamentals of preparing and loading cargo Elements used to secure cargo:

Shrink wrap:

Used to prevent shifting

18” minimum width, 85 gauge thickness

Steel Banding:

Used to hold cargo together and to pallets

Correct positioning, tension, and amount of bands is important

CANNOT use perforated (punched) banding for trucking!

Baskets:

Baskets are used for smaller cargo or when other methods are insufficient

Need to use a lid that is banded shut

No wooden or handmade boxes can be used without engineering approval.

Loading Cargo:

Lighter, smaller cargo placed on top of heavier, larger cargo

Any loose or unstable cargo placed on top of rigid or stable cargo

Center the load as low and toward the center as possible, just in front of the rear axel

Z

3) Situational examples

The following are all incidents that occurred because of incorrect loading and/or securement:

Loose cargo shifted because of incorrect

stacking and securement. Rigid material

should always be placed at the bottom.

Rigid cargo

Loose cargo

Heavy cargo (above picture) was placed above loose, light

cargo (below picture), causing load to shift and fall off truck.

Center load just in front of the rear axle (if possible) Center load low and toward the center

LOA

D

LOA

D

Shifted due to loose securement

NOT ALLOWED TO USE

perforated (punched) banding

Stacked incorrectly

4) Right vs. wrong examples

4.1 Lumber

Shifting formwork due to inadequate stacking,

strapping, and lack of shrink wrap. Considered

a near miss.

Damaged brackets due to a shifting load.

Air stacked with ¾” plywood strips

Banded with two bands

Shrink wrapped ends

INCORRECT

CORRECT

Loose cargo

No shrink wrap

Stacked incorrectly

4.2 Beams

0

10 wide x 3 high MAX

All beams same size in stack

Two bands around entire stack

Shrink wrap ends

Incorrect spacing caused shifting

New picks don’t need wrap or air stacking (dunnage)

Old lumber needs air stacking, shrink wrap, and cannot exceed

4 feet width

Lumber should be loaded with minimal spacing to prevent

shifting or otherwise unwanted movement.

INCORRECT CORRECT

Stacked

incorrectly

Shrink wrap ends;

Same length beams

in bundle Only 2 bands needed

Proper stacking before shrink wrapping:

4.3 Post Shores

Two bands

Air-stacked with 2x4 dunnage

Shrink wrapped ends

50 max in a bundle

All same type

CORRECT

4.4 Scaffolding & Frames

Must have four bands - one each side

Bundles of 20 MAX

2 straps: one on inside, one on top of bundle, secured from both directions

This scaffolding is correctly secured. They are in

groups of 20, banded on 4 sides, and have straps

through the middle and over the top.

INCORRECT CORRECT

Scaffolding must be banded on four sides:

top rung, bottom rung, and the two sides.

Incorrect Strap Securement

Incorrect banding

Incorrect loading causes

scaffold to lean and buckle.

4.5 Denver Safety Posts

4.6 Yokes

Shrink wrap

Air stacked with 2x4 dunnage

Banding as necessary

Banded on each stack

Plywood topped

Shrink Wrapped

INCORRECT (NO WRAP) CORRECT

4.7 Tripods

4.8 Mud Sills

INCORRECT

Stacked evenly

Banded to pallet

Shrink wrapped

Bundles of 10 MAX

CORRECT

4’x4’ stacking only

4 bands that secure all stacks, and connected to the pallet

Missing band No shrink wrap

CORRECT INCORRECT

4.9 Build up

4.10 Walkway Brackets

Stacked 3’x3’x4’

6 bands (each stack both ways)

Shrink wrapped

Missing bands Needs shrink wrap

INCORRECT CORRECT

3 bands: one in the middle, two on sides secured around pallet

Plywood top

Shrink wrapped

CORRECT banding shown CORRECT

4.11 Trusses

INCORRECTLY loaded brackets will shift as shown below:

Three high max

Two bands around entire stack

Stacked alternately to keep load level

ALL pictures below are CORRECT

4.12 Cross Braces

4.13 Wooden Stakes

Two bands

Shrink wrap ends

Air-stacked (dunnage) with ¾” plywood @28” strip length

Stack at 5 high by 10 wide

50 max in a bundle

All same size in bundle INCORRECT

CORRECT

CORRECT

Two bands

Shrink wrapped to plywood base

CORRECT

4.14 Gate Clamps

4.15 Sailboats

Two bands

Shrink wrap

INCORRECT CORRECT

Two bands

Plywood topped & wrapped

INCORRECT CORRECT

4.16 Handrails

4.17 Basket Material

REMEMBER:

Baskets are used for smaller cargo or when other methods are insufficient

Need to use a lid that is banded shut

No wooden or handmade boxes can be used without engineering approval.

Two bands

Shrink wrapped

Stack Evenly

CORRECT

INCORRECT

Basket lidded & banded shut

Connector/Stack Pins

Frame Base Plates

Screw Base Plates

U Heads

24”/36” adjustable screws

Taper Tie assemblies (including nuts & washers)

Truss Jacks

Turn Buckles

Any item that is unable to be secured with

banding and shrink wrap. For example:

Must be counted, lidded, and banded shut.

5) Other

WRONG:

No shrink wrap

Damaged pallet

Missing a strap

WRONG:

Bad rigging

No lifting attachment on forklift

No banding or shrink wrap

Production

Safety

Quality

Baker’s values are upheld by each other. When one of these are upheld well, the others also improve.

Increasing safety of transporting resources via semi-trucks through improved procedure

1

Why is securing cargo important?

Fundamentals of preparing and loading cargo

Shrink wrap

Banding

Baskets

Right vs. wrong examples

Lumber

Beams

Misc.

SUCCESS

REPUTATION

RESPONSIBILITY

2

An improperly secured load can result in accidents that can lead to:

Loss of life

Loss of load or damage to cargo

Damage to vehicles and other property

Issuance of citations/fines to you or the company or jail time

Higher insurance rates

Being placed out of service, loss of jobsite time

Fleet shutdown

Damage to Baker Concrete’s reputation`

3

4

Shrink wrap is used to prevent shiftingUsed on cargo stacked on pallets, loose beams, lumber, plywood, etc.Should be tied off to banding after wrapping

5

Steel Banding is used to hold cargo together during transport

Correct positioning, tension, and amount of bands is important

Cannot use perforated (punched) banding for trucking!

6

Baskets are used for smaller cargo or

when other methods are insufficient

Lighter, smaller cargo placed on top of heavier, larger cargo

Any loose or unstable cargo placed on top of rigid or stable cargo

Center the load as low and toward the center as possible, just in

front of the rear axel

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SAFETY is YOUR responsibility to yourself, your family, and your co-workers.

You are not the only one that could get hurt from your actions.

Safety takes continued effort and education to maintain and improve.

38

Material Name: # of Bands Shrink Wrp: Other:

2x4s depends on old only Air stack old only

Beams 2 YES All same lengths

Post Shores 2 YES Air stack 2x4

Scaffold Frame 4 NO 20 max stacked upright

Denver Safety Posts 2 YES Air stack 3/4" ply

Yokes 3 YES Ply top

Tripods 2+ YES Bundle 10 max

Mud Sills 4 YES Band on each stack

Buildup 6 YES Band on each stack

Walkway Brackets 3 YES Ply top

Trusses 2 NO Only 3 stacked evenly

Cross Braces 2 YES Air stack 3/4" ply

Wooden Stakes 2 YES Ply base

Gate Clamps 2 YES Dissasembled

Stiff Backs 4+ NO 4 high x 5 wide

Sailboats 2 YES Ply top

Handrails 2 YES Stack evenly

Warning: CHECK IN HANDBOOK FOR EXACT DETAILS ON SECUREMENT

BASKET MATERIAL:

Frame Base Plates

Screw Base Plates

U Heads

36" Adjustable Screws

24" Adjustable Screws

Taper Tie Assembly

Turn Buckles

Truss Jacks