Cardiovascular System • Heart: hollow muscular organ, pumps blood full of nutrients throughout the body – Arteries: carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries: smaller vessels, microscopic, exchange of nutrients – Veins: carry blood back to the heart • Venules: connect capillaries to veins
67
Embed
Cardiovascular System Heart: hollow muscular organ, pumps blood full of nutrients throughout the body – Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Capillaries:
Capillaries Microscopic vessels, join the arterial and venous system. – Thin walls – Easily exchange water, gases, molecules, metabolites, and waste
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Cardiovascular System
• Heart: hollow muscular organ, pumps blood full of nutrients throughout the body– Arteries: carry blood away from the heart• Capillaries: smaller vessels, microscopic, exchange of
nutrients– Veins: carry blood back to the heart• Venules: connect capillaries to veins
Cardiovascular System
• Pulse: the surge of blood that the heart is pumping out to your body
• Venous Blood: deoxygenated blood, that is going back to the heart
• Arterial Blood: Oxygenated blood, leaving the heart and going out to the body
Capillaries• Microscopic vessels, join the arterial and
• Valves: small structures within veins that prevent the backflow of blood
Heart• Pericardium: sac that encloses the heart• Tissue Layers:– Endocardium, Myocardium, epicardium
Heart
• Four Chambers: Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle
Blood flow through the Heart• Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart pouring it into the Right Atrium
Blood flow through the Heart
• From the Right Atrium blood passes through the Tricuspid Valve and into the Right Ventricle
Blood flow through the Heart• From the Right Ventricle blood is pumped
through the Pulmonic Valve into the Left Pulmonary Artery and Right Pulmonary Artery and travels into the lungs
Blood in the Lungs
• Pulmonary Artery branches into millions of capillaries lying close to Alveolus and carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for oxygen
Lungs to the Heart• Oxygen rich blood leaves the lungs in the Right
Pulmonary Vein and Left Pulmonary Vein, these vessels pour the blood into the Left Atrium
Blood flow through the Heart
• From the Left Atrium blood passes through the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve and into the Left Ventricle
Blood flow away from the Heart
• From the Left Ventricle blood enters into the Aorta through the Aortic Valve and out into the body
Aortic Arch
• 3 main branches: Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid artery, Left subclavian artery
Important Structures of the Heart
• Interventricular Septum divides the ventricles
• Apex lowest superficial part of the heart
New Medical Terms
• Lumen• Aort/o• Arteri/o• Atri/o• Cardi/o• My/o
• Ven/o• Sept/o• Ventricul/o• Arteriol/o• Peri-
Circulation of the Heart
• Left Main Coronary Artery
• Circumflex Coronary Artery
• Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
• Right Coronary Artery
How our Heart Beats
• Cunduction tissue: found in the heart, spreads contraction impulses– Sinoatrial (SA) node– Atrioventricular (AV) node– Bundle of His (AV bundle)– Purkinje fibers
How the Heart Beats
• Sinoatrial (SA) node: the pacemaker of the heart, without being stimulated by external nerves has the ability to initiate and propagate each heartbeat.
• Heart Rate: Can be altered by the Autonomic Nervous System
How the Heart Beats
• Each impulse discharged by the SA node is transmitted to the Atrioventricular (AV) node this causes the atria to contract
• From the AV node, impulses are send to the Bundle of His (AV bundle) which relays the impulse to the Purkinje fibers this causes the ventricles to contract
How we measure it
• Electrocardiograph: an instrument that records electrical impulses– P,Q,R,S, and T waves– P: Contraction of the atria– QRS: Contraction of the ventricles– T: recovery of the ventricles
P, QRS, T
Blood Pressure
• Measures the force of the blood against the arterial walls during two phases– Systole: When the blood is forced out of the heart– Diastole: relaxation phase when the ventricles are
the placenta– Umbilical Veins: carry oxygenated blood to the
fetus
Fetal Circulation• Oxygenated blood moves from the Umbilical
cord, into the inferior Vena Cava through the ductus venosus and then into the Right Atrium
Fetal Circulation
• From the Right Atrium some blood will move into the Right Ventricle but most of it will move there the Foramen Ovale the small opening between the atrium
Fetal Circulation
• From the Left Atrium blood moves through the mitral valve into the Left Ventricle, then through the aortic valve into the aorta
Fetal Circulation• Blood that does make it into the Pulmonary
arteries gets pushed through the Ductus Arteriosus and into the Aorta
Fetal Circulation
Newborn Heart Conditions
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Failure of the DA to close allowing blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta