Cardiovascular system

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

MEDICAL PROCEDURESDIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

CLINICAL LAB TESTS Robert Adams

Biology 120

CLINICAL LAB TESTCARDIAC ENZYMES

Blood test that allows the doctor to use the pattern of enzyme release after myocardial infarction (heart attack) to diagnose condition.

One of the best markers for revealing whether or not a heart attack has taken place and asses the degree of myocardial damage.

Blood test to determine the level of enzymes specific to heart muscles present in the blood.

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)

Takes 3-4 days to return to normal in blood stream.

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Use has been superseded by the use of Troponin.

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT)

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Troponin Rises 6 to 8

hours after heart attack.

Takes 10 days to return to normal.

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Myoglobin Protein rapidly

released after heart attack.

Useful in early diagnosis.

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Test reveals severity of heart attack.

Determines and detects injury to the heart muscle because blood enzymes change in response to myocardial infarction.

CARDIAC ENZYMES

Not Useful In Patients with…

Heavy alcohol use Recent heavy

exercise Recent serious

injury Recent CPR or

defibrillation Kidney failure Prescription to

cholesterol medications

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGINGCARDIAC SCAN Cardiac scan or

Cardiac CT (Computed Tomography) scan

CARDIAC SCAN

Patient is given radioactive thallium or iodine based dye intravenously.

Scanning equipment is then used to visualize the heart.

X ray machine moves around body in circle taking pictures of heart.

The computer then makes a 3d image of the heart using the pictures.

CARDIAC SCAN

USES To detect coronary artery disease or build up of plaque in coronary arteries.

To detect problem with heart function and heart valves.

To detect aneurysms and pulmonary embolism.

To detect pericardial disease.

CARDIAC SCAN

Patients should not eat 4 hrs prior to scan.

Patients should avoid caffeine consumption before scan.

There is a small chance of scan causing cancer in people under the age of 40 due to the radiation involved.

CARDIAC SCANTWO TYPES OF SCANNERS Multidetector

Computed Tomography (MDCT)

Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT)

MEDICAL PROCEDURETHROMBOLYTIC THERAPY Process where

drugs are injected into a blood vessel to dissolve

blood clots or thrombosis.

THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

Patients have a better chance of surviving heart attack or stroke when given thrombolytic drugs within 12 hours.

Also used for pulmonary embolism.

Deep vein thrombosis

THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

Patients suffering from the following are given this treatment.

Chest pain Blurred vision in one

eye Slurred speech Severe swelling in

extremity Pain or numbness in

a limb Sudden weakness Numbness or tingling

in one side of the body

THROMBOLYTIC THERAPYDRUGS USED Lanoteplase Recteplase Staphylokinase Streptokinase Tenectplase Urokinase

THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

Patients will not receive this therapy if…

Recent head injury Bleeding problems Uncontrolled blood

pressure History of internal

bleeding Pregnancy Surgery Trauma Taking blood thinning

medications Diabetes