Cardiovascular copy

Joel G. Soria, MD

Cardiovascular System

o Blood components and their functions o Heart (Structure and parts) cardiac cycle o Blood vessels and circulation

BLOOD

Transport of gases, nutrients, & waste products.

Transport of processed molecules.

Transport of regulatory molecules..

Regulation of pH and osmosis.

Maintenance of body temperature

Protection against foreign substances.

Clot formation.

Functions of Blood

Composition of Blood

Consist of connective tissue

Cells and Cell fragments – Formed elements

Liquid - Plasma

Total Blood Volume:

4-5 L (female), 5-6 L (male)

8% of total body weight

PlasmaPale yellow fluid that consist of:

91% water.

7% proteins

2% other substances

Plasma proteins include:

Albumin- Participates in movement of throughout the body

Globulins- Immune system

Fibrinogen- Responsible of blood clots

RBC or Erythrocytes (95%)

WBC or leukocytes

Platelets

Formed Elements

Hematopoeisis – Process of blood cell production.

At Birth – It occurs in multi-organ

At Birth it occurs in Red Marrow

Disk-shaped biconcave cells

During development – RBC loses their nuclei and most of their organelles. Unable to divide

RBC can live an average of 120 days in males and 110 days in females

Hemoglobin – Pigmented protein, main component of RBC

Accounts the red color of RBC

Red Blood Cells

Functions of RBCTransport of oxygen from the lungs to various tissues

Assist the transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

GLOBIN+

IRON

HEME

OXYGEN

RB

C pr

oduc

tion

White Blood CellsSpherical cells, whitish in color

Larger than RBC, each has nucleus

Functions:

Protection of body against invading microorganism

Remove dead cells and debris form tissues by phagocytosis

WBC contains GRANULOCYTE and AGRANULOCYTE

GRANULOCYTE Neutrophils – remain in the body for 10-12 hours. Move into other tissues, phagocytize microorganism and other foreign substance. Basophils – releases histamine that promotes inflammation. Releases Heparin – prevention of blood clot Eosinophils – Reduce inflammation, involved with destruction of certain parasites

AGRANULOCYTE

Lymphocytes – Production of antibodies and other chemicals that destroy microorganism, contribute to allergic reaction, reject grafts, control tumors, regulate the immune system Monocytes – Becomes macrophages

Preventing Blood Loss

Blood Clot

Thromboplastin

Thromboplastin

Anti-Thrombin and Heparin

Fibrinolysis

Blood Typing

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HEART

Functions of the HeartGenerating blood pressure

Routing of blood

Ensuring one-way blood flow

Regulating blood supply

Location of the Heart

Pericardium

Heart is surrounded by pericardial Cavity

Surface Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

JSoria

Cardiac Cycle

Atrial

Depolarization

Ventricular

Depolarization

The ECG

Table. 12.1a