The functional group of c to the same carbon. Structure of Carboxyl C 120°. O-H eclipsed with pair on oxygen. Carboxyl group is usually bonded to -COOH. Arom chain aliphatic acids. A acids (-CO 2 H). Carboxylic acid groups a also bound to a hydroxyl For example: Formic acid is the princip Benzoic acid is found in m attract insects needed f (fat) and (after reaction lye soap as well as m ingredient labels of soap carboxylic acids, one of w 112 Carboxylic Acids carboxylic acids consists of a C=O with -O Carbon is sp 2 hybridized. Bond angles a C=O, to get overlap of π orbital with orb y written -COOH. Aliphatic acids have an matic acids have an aryl group. Fatty acid Almost all naturally occurring acids are are always terminal groups with a carbo l group. pal ingredient and stinging agent of mos many plants: for example, the Voodoo lil for pollination. Stearic acid is found in b with NaOH) is one of the active compon modern soaps (sodium tallowate appea ps, it is a mixture of several similar sodi which is sodium stearate). OH bonded are close to bital of lone alkyl group ds are long- e carboxylic onyl carbon st ant bites. ly uses it to beef tallow nents in old ars on the ium salts of
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The functional group of carboxylic acids consists of a C=O with
to the same carbon.
Structure of Carboxyl Carbon is
120°. O-H eclipsed with C=O, to get overlap of
pair on oxygen.
Carboxyl group is usually written
bonded to -COOH. Aromatic acids have an aryl group.
chain aliphatic acids. Almost all naturally occurring
acids (-CO2H).
Carboxylic acid groups are always terminal groups with a carbonyl carbon
also bound to a hydroxyl group.
For example:
Formic acid is the principal ingredient and stinging agent of most ant bites.
Benzoic acid is found in many plants: for example, the Voodoo lily uses it to
attract insects needed for
(fat) and (after reaction with NaOH) is one of the
lye soap as well as modern soaps (sodium tallowa
ingredient labels of soaps, it is a mixture of several similar sodium salts of
carboxylic acids, one of which is sodium stearate).
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Carboxylic Acids
The functional group of carboxylic acids consists of a C=O with -OH bonded
Carbon is sp2 hybridized. Bond angles are close to
H eclipsed with C=O, to get overlap of π orbital with orbital of lone
Carboxyl group is usually written -COOH. Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group
omatic acids have an aryl group. Fatty acids are long
Almost all naturally occurring acids are carboxylic
Carboxylic acid groups are always terminal groups with a carbonyl carbon
hydroxyl group.
Formic acid is the principal ingredient and stinging agent of most ant bites.
n many plants: for example, the Voodoo lily uses it to
attract insects needed for pollination. Stearic acid is found in beef tallow
(fat) and (after reaction with NaOH) is one of the active components in old
lye soap as well as modern soaps (sodium tallowate appears on the
ingredient labels of soaps, it is a mixture of several similar sodium salts of
of which is sodium stearate).
OH bonded
Bond angles are close to
orbital with orbital of lone
Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group
Fatty acids are long-
acids are carboxylic
Carboxylic acid groups are always terminal groups with a carbonyl carbon
Formic acid is the principal ingredient and stinging agent of most ant bites.
n many plants: for example, the Voodoo lily uses it to
pollination. Stearic acid is found in beef tallow
active components in old
te appears on the
ingredient labels of soaps, it is a mixture of several similar sodium salts of
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Dicarboxylic acids have 2 -CO2H groups and tricarboxylic acids have 3 -CO2H
groups (citric acid has 3 -CO2H groups).
Nomenclature
1. Common Names
Many aliphatic acids have historical names.
Some common names
HCO2H formic acid L. formica ant
CH3CO2H acetic acid L. acetum vinegar
CH3CH2CO2H propionic acid G. “first salt”
CH3CH2CH2CO2H butyric acid L. butyrum butter
CH3CH2CH2CH2CO2H valeric acid L. valerans
Positions of substituents on the chain are labeled with Greek letters
α-chlorobutyric acid
CH3CH2CHC
Cl
OH
O
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IUPAC Names
1-Remove -e from alkane (or alkene) name, add -oic acid.The carbon of the
carboxyl group is #1.
HCOOH methanoic acid
CH3CO2H ethanoic acid
CH3CH2CO2H propanoic acid
CH3
CH3CHCOOH 2-methylpropanoic acid
Br
CH3CH2CHCO2H 2-bromobutanoic acid
2-chlorobutanoic acid
2-Cycloalkanes bonded to -COOH are named as cycloalkanecarboxylic acids.