Carbon sequestration -potential of agroforestry in Africa

Carbon sequestra-on poten-al of agroforestry in Africa. Perspec-ves for INDCs

CheikhMbow

Implementing INDCs in data and tool scarce countries: Steps to success in Africa

14.00 – 15.30 Salle 1 Hosted by: World Agroforestry Center (Africa Pavilion)

Agriculture and other land use in INDC mitigation targets and actions

Agriculture in INDC adaptation priorities and strategies

Meryl et al., 2015

By 2050, we need to… Ø  Produce 60% more food on ~ the same amount of

land

Ø  Reduce GHG emissions from land use Ø  Improve yields mostly warmer regions Ø  Reduce water shortage

Ø  Reduce Land degradation Ø  Alleviate poor land management mostly in

vulnerable communities in Africa. !

Links of INDCs with AFOLU/trees

•  Agriculture•  Agroforestry•  Landuse•  LandDegrada4on•  REDD+•  Forestry•  Treecover•  Bio-energy•  LinkstoBiodiversity•  Linkstonutri4on

Faidherbia Albida in teff crop system in Ethiopia!

Improving carbon sequestrat With agroforestry.!

TypologyofAF Keyelements ExamplesAFprac=ces

Ecological Geographicalloca4on(AFsystemadaptabilitytopar4cularecologies)

Lowlandhumidorsub-humidtropicsAF

Physiognomy ParklandMosaicMul4storiedhome-garden

Faidherbia,SheabuJerparksinWestAfricaLongtermfallows

Composi=onal/structural

Simultaneousorsequen4alcombina4onofTrees,crop,animal

Treesinpastureandrangelands(silvopastoral)andagriculture(agrosilvopastoral)

Prac=ces(systems) Managementsystems,livelihood Hedgerows,longtermfallows,alleycropping,improvedfallow,alleycropping,mul4layertreecropping,woodlots

Func=onal Erosioncontrol,soilfer4lity Windbreaks,shelterbelts,erosioncontrol/soilconserva4on,scaJerednitrogenfixingtrees,boundaryplan4ng

Socioeconomic Scaleofproduc4onandleveloftechnology,inputandmanagement(Commercial,subsistenceAF)

Lowinput,highinputagroforestry

WhatisAgroforestry?

Mbowetal2014,COSUST

Mbowetal.,2012,GLPReportseries(REDD=challengesandprospectsforAfrica)

Non“Forest”Ecosystems

Addressingdeforesta=on

Brinketal2009

TheseOpLonsmakeeconomicsenseevenwithoutthebenefitofcarbonfinance

Synergies and tradeoffs bewteen mi-ga-on and adapta-on to CC

trad

eoffsm

iLga

Lon-ad

aptaLo

n

Mi=ga=on Adapta=on

+++ +

+++ ++

++ +++

+

+++

-

+++

+++

+

[Income]

[Asset]

[Asset]

[Asset-Income]

[Asset-Income]

[Asset-Income]

Livelihood

+++:veryhighposi7veimpact;++:highposi7veimpact;+:limitedposi7veimpact;-:zeroposi7veorpoten7alnega7veimpact

Mbowetal,2014-COSUST

Poten-al C stock and C sequestra-on of some AFS in Africa

Legend Descrip=on(source)

Csequestra=on(MgC/ha/yr)

[range]

Cstock(MgC/ha)[range]

Maxrota=onperiod(yr)

aParklandsdominateAFS(Faidherbiaalbida)

0.5[0.2-0.8] 33.4[5.7-70.8] 50

b Rota4onalwoodlots 3.9[2.2-5.8] 18.5[11.6-25.5] 5

cTreeplan4ng-windrows-homegardens

0.6[0.4-0.8] 19.0[ns] 25

dLongtermfallows,regrowthofwoodlandsinabandonedfarms

2.24[0.22-5.8] 15.7[ns] 25

e AFSandintegratedlanduse 3.12[1.0-6.7] 77.9[12-228] 50f SoilCinAFS 0.9[0.25-1.6] 90.7[13-300] ns

Cost of mi-ga-on measures in the agriculture sector reported in INDCs

Data Challenges and way forward

Characteris=csoftheissue

Triggersforchangeandtransi=ons

Landdegrada=onissues

Humaninfluence

Water/winderosion

SoilferLlitydeclineDegradaLonofsoil-physicalproperLesSalinizaLon

Forest/treesloss

Climatevariability/ChangeSoildegradaLon

VegetaLondegradaLon

BiodiversitydegradaLon

Waterresourcesloss

Changeinlocalclimate

Landconversion

InappropriatefarmlandsmanagementPoormanagementofnaturalvegetaLon

Landusechange

Overgrazing,

BushfiresDemography,

Mbow, C., M. Brandt, I. Ouedraogo, J. d. Leeuw and M. Marshall (2015). "What Four Decades of Earth Observation Tell Us about Land Degradation in the Sahel?" Remote Sensing 7: 4048-4067.

Drivers: each of the drivers is associated to feedbacks •  Shi_ingcul4va4on

•  Highdemandforwoodenergy•  Illegalcuangandfarming•  Bushfires•  Overgrazing•  Planta4on/monoculture•  Cashenterprises•  Immigra4on•  Aridityinpushingzones•  Landtenureinpullingzones•  Deforesta4onandforestdegrada4on•  Fooddemand•  Industry•  Market•  Urbaniza4on•  Educa4on•  Health•  Housing•  Transportandcommunica4on

1. Popula4ongrowth(***)2. Farmingprac4ces(*)3. Soilfer4lity(**)4. Livelihoodcost(**)5. Rainfall(*)6. Landtenure(***)7. Cropprices(*)8. Agri-businessac4vi4es(**)9. Incomegenera4on(**)

Way forward

•  (1)harmonize4me-seriesdata(fielddata,satelliteproducts),•  (2)promoteknowledgenetworks(na4onalandregional),•  (3)improvedata-access(forkeysectorsatelast),•  (4)filldatagaps(usepartoftheinvestmenttogenerateaccuratedataforMRVs),

•  (5)agreeonscalesandassump4ons(projectsareindifferentscalesandindicatorschangedependingtoscales),

•  (6)setupadensernetworkoflong-termfield-surveys(Learnfrompreviouslessons)

•  (7)considerlocalpercep4onsandsocialdynamics(co-development)

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