Carbon Nanotubes - CNTs

06.11.2006 R. Nesper Oslo LecturesNanochemistry UIO

1

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubes - CNTs


2

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

SWCNTs – Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes


3

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubes - Growth


4

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubes– Building Principles


5

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubes – Building Principle


6

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubes – Building Principle


7

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubes – Building Principles


8

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Dynamics of C-NTs


9

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Strength of CNTs


10

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Strength of CNTs


11

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

SWCNT – Plastic Deformation


12

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbon Nanotubeshttp://www.pa.msu. edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.hmtl

Density: 1.35 g/cm3

Resistivity 10-4 wcm

Maximum Current Density 109 A/cm2

Thermal Conductivity ~2000 W/mK

Relaxation Time ~10-11 s

Elastic Behavior

Young's Modulus (SWNT) ~1 TPa

Young's Modulus (MWNT) 1.28 TPa

Maximum Tensile Strength ~100 GPa

Characterization of

each individual

set of nanoparticles

necessary


13

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

C-Nanotubes - Forms


14

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

D ~ 0.34 nm

Synthesis below 500 oC


15

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

C-Nanotubes – Multiwall Connections


16

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Helices, Springs, Actuators


17

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Other new CNTs ?


18

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Building Faults, Properties, Electronics

5+7 ring => Diode

But contact resistance !!

Semicond. / metallic CNT transistor

But no control on helicity!!


19

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

T < 500 C

Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs and Other C Nanoparticles


20

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Carbons – All Pasta and Infinite Set ?


21

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTsand Other C Nanoparticles

Fish bone structures


22

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs

Fish bone structures


23

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Cones, Bamboos etc. A. Ivantchenko, R. Nesper


24

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Storage in CNTsIn a recent work of Baker and Rogriguez [1] indicate a very large specific hydrogen storage capacity in

carbon nanotubes (CNT`s) and in herringbone materials. Yet, these results have not been confirmed by any research group in the world [1,2,3,6,7,8], but nevertheless they gave rise to enhanced activity in the field of carbon-based hydrogen storage on the theoretical and on the experimental side.


25

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Baker & Rodriguez

65wt% !!???

M. Parrinello

max. 14wt%

H2 – Storage in C-NTs ? wrong !!


26

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Catalyst Patterning for Growth of CNTs


27

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Hierarchical Order – Aggregations


28

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Hierarchical Order – Carpets Predefined


29

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Hierarchical Order – Carpets etc.


30

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

(http://www.pa.msu. edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.hmtl)

Carbon Nanotubes Models


31

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Filling of Carbon Nanotubes


32

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Elastic strain

STM topography

Atomic resolution

Valence & conduction bands

SWT bundle


33

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Applications of CNTs - Thermocouple


34

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Tube-in-Tube

EF

EF


35

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Field Emission Displays


36

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

(C)NT-Applications

ion sensoractuator

Conductorrectifyertransitorsensor

nano tips

emission tip

??


37

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

C-NT Sensor •gases

•liquids

•solutionsSurface electron conductance

Adsorbed species

strongly change conductivity leads


38

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

New Carbons ?


39

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

GraphitT = 350 - 600°C

[CF]x, x=0.5 - 1

Derivates of Graphite

???


40

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Exfoliate Graphite Intercalation Compounds?


41

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

MgB2

AlB2

MgB2C2

LiBC

Heterographites

???


42

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

TheThe superconductingsuperconducting materialsmaterials demonstratedemonstrate a a zerozero electricalelectrical resistivityresistivity in a in a certaincertain rangerange of of temperaturetemperature, , currentcurrent and and magneticmagnetic fieldfield..

TheirTheir maximummaximum valuesvalues areare calledcalled::

criticalcritical temperaturetemperature (T(TCC))

criticalcritical currentcurrent densitydensity (J(JCC))

criticalcritical magneticmagnetic fieldfield (H(HCC))

GraphiteGraphite--related Superconductorsrelated Superconductors

MgB2 Cax-graphite

MgB2C2 Ybx-graphite

LiBC „Li0.5BC“ Tc=90K

AlB2


43

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

SupraleitungSupraleitung in MgBin MgB22, , LiBCLiBC and MgBand MgB22CC22

MgB2

MgB2C2

LiBCLi0.5BC Tc=90K


44

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

LiB MgB2

Mg-Melt

[B=B=B=B=]n

J.M. Reinoso, F. Ottinger, M. Wörle, R. Nesper, Method for producing a super-conducting material made of MgB2, Patent No WO0207149909/2002

MgB2 and its AnalogaWire Preparation ?


45

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Morphologie Morphologie PreservingPreserving TransformationTransformation

182 ° C

300 ° C

450 ° C

LiLi--B B liquid liquid solutionsolution

moltenmolten LitiumLitiumcrystallinecrystalline BoronBoron

550 ° C

700 ° C

LiBLiBxx

formationformation

MgBMgB22

formationformation

--UnderUnder continuouscontinuous stirringstirring Boron Boron dissolvesdissolves intointo moltenmolten Lithium, Lithium, formingforming an high an high malleablemalleable, , lowlowdensitydensity, metallic solid , metallic solid solutionsolution

--TheThe wirewire isis droppeddropped intointo thethecruciblecrucible just just thethe time to time to coatcoat itit

--TheThe coatedcoated wirewire isis placedplaced intointo thethefurnacefurnace untilluntill thethe metallic metallic glitteringglitteringdesappearsdesappears

--TheThe LiBLiB wirewire isis keptkept intointo thethecruciblecrucible of of moltenmolten Magnesium for Magnesium for aboutabout 15 min.15 min.

-- Sublimation of Mg / Sublimation of Mg / MgMgxxLiLiyy underunder High High vacuumvacuum, 630 , 630 °° C, 8 hC, 8 h


46

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

PreparingPreparing WiresWires and Rodsand Rods

Li-B mixture LiBx compound MgB2

- The inner partdoes not reactcompletely

- The resultingcoating is highlyporous

- Formation of oxidiclayer can occur betweenthe wire and the coating


47

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

MgBMgB22 χχ(H(H))

MgB2_Mo Bloop 5 K

-0.45

-0.35

-0.25

-0.15

-0.05

0.05

0.15

0.25

0.35

0.45

-40000 -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Applied Field (G)

Long M

om

ent (e

mu)

LiMg_hwMg1 (10 G)

-0.006

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0.000

0.001

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Temperature (K)

Lo

ng

Mo

men

t (e

mu)

reines MgBreines MgB22 χ χ (T)(T)

Magnetische Messungen


48

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

MgB2

MgB2C2

LiBC

„Li0.5BC“ Tc=90K

Heterographites –

???

Scrolled Ionic Compounds ?


49

R. N

ES

PE

R

ET

H Z

ÜR

ICH

& C

OLL

EG

IUM

HE

LVE

TIC

UM

Chaoite – Substitute ?

[B=B=B=B=]n

LiB0.89

Carbon Nanotubes - CNTs

Documents