Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires: Synthesis, Properties and Applications Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires: Synthesis, Properties and Applications Koungmin Ryu Advisor : Prof. Chongwu Zhou Ming Hsieh Dept. of Electrical Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California http://nanolab.usc.edu/ Funded by: SRC, NSF, Intel, NASA, DARPA, NIH, Whittier
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Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
Koungmin RyuAdvisor Prof Chongwu Zhou
Ming Hsieh Dept of Electrical EngineeringViterbi School of Engineering
University of Southern Californiahttpnanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Inverters X Liu R Lee J Han C Zhou Appl Phys Lett 79 3329 (2001)
One of the first integrated systems made of carbon nanotubes
Si back gate
K
Vin
Vout
VDD GND
p-type CNT n-type CNT
60
40
20
0
I DS(
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg(V)
VDS=10 mV
P type MOSFET12
8
4
0
I DS (
nA)
-4 -2 0 2 4Vg (V)
VDS=10 mV
N type MOSFET25
20
15
10
05
00
Vou
t(V)
252015100500Vin(V)
VDD=29 V
Vin Vout
0 V
VDD
p
n
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Integrated Nanotube SystemsRing Oscillators Demonstrated by Avouris et al
Ph Avouris et al Science 311 1735 (2006)
Is there a way to assemble large quantities of nanotube devices
State-of-the-art of nanotube integration
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits Aligned Nanotubes for Devices and Circuits
-- Project Mission Project Mission We want to tackle the challenging issue of We want to tackle the challenging issue of nanotube nanotube assembly and integrationassembly and integration
We want to grow carbon nanotubes withWe want to grow carbon nanotubes withControlled orientation (achieved by using Controlled orientation (achieved by using sapphire and quartz) sapphire and quartz) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled position (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled density (achieved) Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled diameter (ongoing)Controlled Controlled chiralitychirality (ongoing)(ongoing)
-- Our Approach Our Approach A novel nanotubeA novel nanotube--onon--insulator (NOI) insulator (NOI) approach based on approach based on aligned nanotubesaligned nanotubes for for integrated nanotube circuitsintegrated nanotube circuits Nanotube
devicesNanotube
circuits
Quartz SubstrateCatalyst Particle
Quartz Substrate
Nanotube
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
One of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireOne of the first to grow aligned nanotubes on sapphireJ of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 J of Am Chem Soc 127 5294 -- 5295 (2005) 5295 (2005)
The first to make aligned nanotube transistorsThe first to make aligned nanotube transistorsNano Letters 6 34Nano Letters 6 34--39 (2006)39 (2006)Reported by Reported by Scientific AmericanScientific American (April 2006 P16) (April 2006 P16)
The first to demonstrate waferThe first to demonstrate wafer--scale processing of aligned scale processing of aligned nanotube devices and circuitsnanotube devices and circuits
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
50 μm
2 0
1 5
1 0
5N
umbe
r
2 01 0D iam e te r (nm)500 nm
134 plusmn 030 nm
1 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a-plane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin11 All nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on aAll nanotubes grow normal to the c axis on a--plane sapphireplane sapphire2 Narrow diameter distribution of 2 Narrow diameter distribution of 134 plusmn 030 nm obtained with commercial ferrtin
c axis
Aligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane SapphireAligned Nanotubes Grown on a-Plane Sapphire
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005)
Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters Nano Letters (2006)(2006)(Top ten hot articles in 2006)
High density SWNTsUp to 40 nanotubes μmInter-nanotube spacing ~ 25 nm
Low density SWNTs
Control of Nanotube DensityControl of Nanotube Density
Zhou et al JACS 127 5294 (2005) Zhou Zhou et alet al Nano Letters (2006) Nano Letters (2006)
a-plane
Red spheres oxygen atomsBlue spheres aluminum atomsPurple plane a-plane orientation
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane SapphireHypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
sumsum⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
minus+
⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minusminus⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
minus=
j j
CAl
j
CAlCAl
i i
CO
i
COCO rrrrrrrr
rU
612612
44)( vvvvvvvvv σσ
εσσ
ε
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and oxygen atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
a carbon atom and Al atoms in sapphire
Interaction between
Interaction between
C-plane C-plane a-plane a-plane
Potential wellPotential wellZhou Zhou et alet al JPCC JPCC 112 15929 (200(20088))
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Synthesis of Nanotubes with Controlled Orientations and Positions
Catalyst
Photo Resist
QuartzSapphire
Catalyst Island
Aligned NanotubesMetal Electrode
SD
G
Dielectric Layer
3-10 nanotubes microm
Aligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned CatalystAligned Nanotubes on Quartz Using Patterned Catalystcatalyst
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
(a)
Poly Si Gate
Gate Oxide
SourceDrain Electrode
(b)
NanotubeGate Dielectric
Gate
SourceDrain Electrode
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Comparison between SiliconComparison between Silicon--onon--insulator (SOI) and insulator (SOI) and NanotubeNanotube--onon--Insulator (NOI)Insulator (NOI)
SOISOISOI NOINOINOI
Common Features1 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface2 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate3 Unwanted silicon or SWNTs can be removed via etching4 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed
and lower dynamic power consumption
Common FeaturesCommon Features11 Active material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surfaceActive material (Si or SWNT) is all over the surface22 Many devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrateMany devices can be patterned anywhere on the substrate33 Unwanted silicon or Unwanted silicon or SWNTsSWNTs can be removed via etchingcan be removed via etching44 SOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switchSOI and NOI offer minimized parasitic capacitance faster switching speed ing speed
and lower dynamic power consumptionand lower dynamic power consumption Zhou et al Nano Letters (2006)
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Key meticulous temperature control amp uniform growth
1μm
Quartz 1000
800
600
400
200Tem
pera
ture
6004002000
Time (min)
Growth Annealing
1μm
4 inch substrate
Gas in
Gas out
Quartz or Sapphire with patterned
catalyst
9 feet-long growth furnace with three-zone
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
Wafer-Scale CNT TransferWafer-Scale CNT TransferTransfer fullTransfer full--wafer of wafer of CNTsCNTs from quartz growth substrate to SiOfrom quartz growth substrate to SiO22Si fabrication Si fabrication
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-DiagnosisNano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
AdvantagesSmall nanoscale in-vivoSelectiveSensitive No amplification neededCheap disposableVersatileintegratable
ElectrodeNanowire Nanotube
Si Substrate
SiO2
Antigen
Antibody
Linker
Structure and PrincipleNanowire nanotube functionalized with linking moleculesProbe molecules (ss-DNA antibody) anchored to the surface via linkersSelective attachment of target molecules leads to a chemical gating effectResistance of the nanowire nanotube used as read-out
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Si
AuTi
SiO2
PSA
PSAantibody
Linker
PSA
NWSWNT
(a)
NO O
OP
O O
O O
OP
O O
H O O
OP
O O
H N O
In2O3 NWi iiiii
(b)
O
O
NO
O
O
H N
SWNT iv v
(c)
PSA is a bio marker for the presence of prostate cancer which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
men in the US
Standard PSA
Probability of cancer
0-2 ngmL 12-4 ngmL 154-10 ngmL 25gt10 ngmL gt50
In2O3 Nanowire functionalization
Carbon Nanotube functionalization
In collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer ResearchIn collaboration with Richard Cote of USC Center for Cancer Research
Selective Detection of Selective Detection of PSA PSA in PBS Bufferin PBS Buffer
Buffer BSA PSA
(a)
390
385
380
I (n
A)
5004003002001000Time (s)
252
248
244
240
I (μΑ
)
3000200010000Time (s)
BSA PSABuffer
(b)
Carbon Nanotube Mat Carbon Nanotube Mat Reduced ConductionReduced Conduction
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
11 No response when BSA was addedNo response when BSA was added22 Detection of PSA down to 5 Detection of PSA down to 5 ngmLngmL achieved in PBS bufferachieved in PBS buffer
RealReal--time detection of PSA in aqueous environmenttime detection of PSA in aqueous environment
J Am Chem Soc 2005 127(36) 12484
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Hypothetic Schematic Diagram of SWNT on a-Plane Sapphire
Calculation of Lennard-Jones Potential
OUTLINE
Comparison between Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI)
Wafer-Scale CNT Transfer
Wafer-Scale Aligned Nanotube Device Fabrication
Back-Gated Submicron Transistors
Top-Gated Submicron Transistors
N-type nanotube transistors
Potassium Doping and CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND amp NOR
OUTLINE
Synthesis of In2O3 Nanowires Laser Ablation
In2O3 Nanowires Material Analysis
In2O3 Nanowire Transistor
Fully transparent transistor using oxide nanowires
High performance transistor
Transparent amp flexible transistors
Application of transparent transistors for AMOLED circuit
Chemical Sensing Based on In2O3 Nanowires
OUTLINE
Nano-Biosensor and Nano-Diagnosis
Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Integrated sensor and microfluidics
THANK YOU
Integration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensingIntegration of nanobiosensor and advanced microfluidics toward multiplexed sensing
Microfabricatedvalves
Device region
functionalize nanobiosensor selectively using microfluidics system
Ab 1 Ab 2 Ab 3
Integrated sensor and microfluidicsIntegrated sensor and microfluidics
source
drain
valves
-Higher Flexibility than ITO
-Transparent
-Most abundant element in nature
-Tunable eletronic properties
using Chemical treatment and enhanced carrier injection
CNT films as transparent conductive electrodes for Solar cell
Carbon Carbon NNanotubes for anotubes for EEnergy nergy CConversion onversion ((Solar cellSolar cell))
Fabrication of CNT films
On Glass On Plastic Sub
CNT films on Filter membrane
Filter
PDMS
New Sub
PDMS
Dissolve arc discharge nanotubes In 1 SDS DI water (1mgml) using probesonicatorbullDilute by 30times with DI waterbullFiltration of this solution
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
2 SWNTHigh Trans Dark SWNTHigh Trans Light SWNTLow Trans Dark SWNTLow Trans Light ITO Dark ITO Light
Voltage (V)
Cur
rent
den
sity
(mA
cm-2)
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Tr
ansm
ittan
ce (
)
Wavelength (nm)
PlasticSWNTHigh Trans
PlasticSWNTLow Trans
PlasticITO
In spite of the low SWNT transmittance this is comparable to the 20 mAcm-2 Jsc and 037 efficiency obtained from an identical device based on a 71 transmissive plasticIn2O3Sn electrode which underscores the prospect for improving OPVs by utilizing SWNT electrodes
Summary
1 Built one of the first integrated carbon nanotube inverter
2 Demonstrated growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes and developed a nanotube-on-insulator approach
3 Developed a laser ablation approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanowires
4 Demonstrated In2O3 nanowire transistor multilevel memory and chemical sensors
5 Nanotubes and nanowires have been used for complementary sensing of PSA
6 Nanotubes have been used as transparent conductive electrodes for solar cell
THANK YOU THANK YOU
httphttpnanolabuscedunanolabuscedu
Carbon Nanotubes and Oxide Nanowires Synthesis Properties and Applications
OUTLINE
Original MotivationMoorersquos Law
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Benchmarking CNT FETs
Nanotube Transistor Research
OUTLINE
Traditional approach On-Site Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes