24/07/52 1 Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Email: [email protected]Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
13
Embed
Carbon footprinting and labelling NACA R Mungkung [โหมด ...library.enaca.org/bmp/asean_foundation/carbon-foot...`On‐pack label `Point‐of‐sale information `CSR, Annual
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
24/07/52
1
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan MungkungDepartment of Environmental ScienceFaculty of Science, Kasetsart University
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
24/07/52
2
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Amount of the life cycle greenhouse gasemissions, expressed in terms of kg CO2equivalent (kg CO2e)
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Raw material extraction
Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Waste disposal
= ? kg CO2e
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
GHG emissions arising from consumption of importing goods and services are greater than the emissions actually produced in the country
GHG i i f l d t
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
GHG emissions of several products are maximum during the use phase, not the production processing phase
Product carbon footprinting helps to identify hotspots in the whole life cycle so that reduction options can be pursued globally
Product
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Service
Organisation
Measuring GHG emissions (carbon footprint)
Setting target and reducing carbon
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
emissions
Communicating carbon footprint to businesses (B2B) or end consumers (B2C)
24/07/52
3
Benchmark for measuring and communicatingemission reductionsPrioritised areas of carbon reduction (i.e. costsaving opportunities)
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Decisions on suppliers, materials, and productdesignsDemonstrate environmental leadership/CSRFulfill market requirementsDistinguish products among green consumers
Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040, ISO 14044) with the particular focus on Global Warming Potential
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Existing ISO (ISO 14025, and ISO 14064)
National standards:PAS 2050: 2008 (UK)
“Bilan Carbone” (France)
Japanese guideline (Japan)
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Japa ese gu de e (Japa )
Korean guideline (Korea)
Thai guideline (being developed)
ISO 14067 (Part I – Quantification; Part II –Communication) to be launched in 2010
Setting objective
Choosing product
Defining boundary
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Building process map
Collecting data
Calculating CF
Reducing carbon footprinthigh‐level analysis
Communication
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Communicationprecise datathird party verification
Largest emission reduction opportunitiesMost important from a differentiation orcompetitive perspectiveMost aligned brand/product with potential
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
emission reductions and marketingopportunitiesSupport from associated suppliersImpacts on key stakeholdersAvailability of resources and time
24/07/52
4
Product’s measureable performance
Basis for product comparison
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Consideration of efficiency, life span,and quality aspects
Raw material extraction
Manufacturing Distribution
= ? kg CO2eB2B
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Raw material extraction
Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Waste disposal
= ? kg CO2e
B2C
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Who are the key suppliers, retailers, wastemanagement companies?What information can they provide?How willing and/or able are they to support
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
How willing and/or able are they to supportthe project, e.g. are there any commercialsensitivities with the information they arebeing asked to provide?Who will take responsibility for therelationships?
Activity dataAll the material and energy amounts involved in theproduct’s life cycle (material inputs and outputs, energyused, transport, etc.)
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Emission factorsGWP of GHGs compared to CO2
EFs provide the link that converts these quantities into theresulting GHG emissions: the amount of greenhouse gasesemitted per ‘unit’ of activity data (e.g. kg GHGs per kginput or per kWh energy used)
24/07/52
5
Sum of all materials, energy and waste acrossall activities in a product’s life cycle multipliedby their emission factors
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Carbon footprint =
Activity data (mass/volume/kWh/km) × Emission factor (CO2e per unit)
GHG GWP 100 years (IPCC, 2007)
CO2 1
CH4 25
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
N2O 298
HFCs 124 ‐ 14,800
PFCs 7,390 ‐ 12,200
SF6 22,800
Independent third‐party certification◦ accredited body will review the process used to estimate thecarbon footprint, check the data sources and calculations andcertify whether PAS 2050 has been used correctly and whetherthe assessment has achieved conformity
◦ required for external communication
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
equ ed o e e a co u ca o
Other‐party verification◦ non‐accredited third parties should demonstrate compliancewith recognised standards for certification bodies and providefor external validation on request
Self‐verification◦ if choosing to self‐verify, follow the method outlined in ISO14021
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
To assess GHG emissions and identifyoptions for reducing GHG emissions
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
IQF shrimp because of highest form ofexportingA consumer package (1 pound, or 453
) f IQF h i
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
grams) of IQF shrimp
24/07/52
6
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
B2B or B2C?
Inputs/Outputs
Transport
Water, Energy Hatchery Post‐larvae
Transport
Feed ingred.
Feed mill Pellet feeds
Farm Shrimp
Wastewater
Transport
Wastewater
Post‐larvae
Feed
Broodstock
Water, Energy
Chemicals
Shrimp
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Outputs
Process
Wastes
Transport
Processing IQF shrimp
Distribution
Consumption
Transport
Liquid N2/CO2
Packaging Wastewater
Petrol
Air emissions
Food/Packaging wasteElectricity
IQF shrimp
Transport
DisposalWastes Air emissions
Transport
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
24/07/52
7
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Primary dataPrimary data from hatchery, farm, feed mill, and
processing plant in terms of amount of raw materials,energy consumption, wastewater quality, and wastegeneration
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Secondary dataProduction of raw materials (e.g. artemia cyst, soybean,fishmeal, liquid N2/CO2, etc.)Production of Thai electricity (including extraction or
primary energy resources)Transport (mode of transport, distance to transport,
carrying capacity per trip)
4
5
6kg CO2e
Waste disposal
Consumption
Distribution
P k i
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
0
1
2
3
Carbon footprint of 453 g IQF shrimp
Packaging
Processing
Farm
Hatchery
Farm is the key life cycle stagecontributing highest impactsUse of aerator for maintaining an optimaloxygen level in shrimp ponds, and use of
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
yg p p ,pellet feed to stimulate the shrimp’sgrowth are the main activities causinghigh impact on GWPOptimal aerator operation and FCR (FoodConversion Ratio)
24/07/52
8
For product differentiation
For brand enhancement
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
For Corporate Social Responsibility
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Brochure (or supporting leaflet)CatalogueWebsite information
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
24/07/52
9
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Casino developed “I’ Indice Carbone Label” byusing LCA with the support from the Bio IntelligenceService (Bio IS)
E. Leclerc developed “E. Leclerc’s Carbon Labelling”by using LCA with the support from the Greenext
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
y g pp
The French Environment and Energy Agency(ADEME) developed “Bilan Carbone”
“Climatop” label
Hybrid EIO‐LCA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Firstly implemented by Migros with thesupport from Myclimate Company
Product Carbon Footprinting (“PCF”) Pilot projects conductedby WWF, Science Insitutes Öko‐Institut (Institute for AppliedEcology), Postdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK),THEMA1 and large companies
Using ISO 14040/44
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Main purpose is not to develop an own method of PCF, butHow practical are the method up to now?What findings support the development of a consistentinternationally accepted methodology?How can PCF results be presented to consumers in asimple, credible and relevant to promoting climateconscious consumption habits?
24/07/52
10
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
All life cycle stagesDifferent use patterns should be considered in case thatthe use phase has a significant influence on PCFShopping tour has a significant influence on PCF for somecases
Capital goods may be relevant for certain products and should
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Capital goods may be relevant for certain products and shouldbe defined in PCRMass/economic allocation yields significant different results,this issues should be looked at closelyInclusion of green powerTreatment of air transportTreatment of carbon offsetting
“Climate‐friendly” label
Carbon label scheme is developed by theSwedish Organic Standard Association (KRAV)
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Swedish Organic Standard Association (KRAV)
Firstly applied in local food products
“Certify Carbon Free Label” developed by the CarbonFund and the Edinburgh Centre for CarbonManagement by using ISO 14040/44/64 and CarbonTrust’s Carbon Footprint Measurement Methodology“Cli t C i L b l” d l d b th
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
“Climate Conscious Label” developed by theCalifornia-based Climate Conservancy: Gold, Silver,BronzeCoca Cola & PepsiCo is now working with Carbon
Trust
“Carbon Counted” label, displaying carbonscore
ISO 14064 14025 & PAS and use the
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
ISO 14064, 14025 & PAS and use theCarbonConnect database
40 pilot projects
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
24/07/52
11
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Greenhouse gas emission certificate:certification of carbon footprint for products and can be referred to as carbon emission baseline for the product.
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Low‐carbon certificate:certifies that the greenhouse gas emission certified goods satisfy the minimum reduction target presented by the government based on the Carbon footprint labelling of the good concerned
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
The China Energy Conservation InvestmentCorporation (CECIC) is working with CarbonTrust, UKPAS 2050: 2008
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
S 050 00810 pilot projects, focusing on the exporting
goods
Thailand Greenhouse Gag ManagementOrganisation (Public Company) & ThailandEnvironmental Institute Criteria
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Reduction of GHG at least 10% from 2002 to the latest 12months (company’s gate only)
Bio‐energy at least 95%Advance technology considered separately
25 products with carbon reduction label
GHG emissions in terms of CO2e
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Commitment of GHG reduction
24/07/52
12
Thailand Greenhouse Gas ManagementOrganisation (Public Company) & NationalMetals and Material Technology Centre
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Life cycle GHG emissions with considerationsof PAS 2050 and available national guidelines
25 pioneering companies (expected to belaunched in November 2009)
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Steamed oven chicken diced
Chicken snack
Canned tuna in sunflower oil
Sep08 –Mar09
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
24/07/52
13
JERHIGH Chicken stick
Khiaw Wan Tuna SEALECT
Glutinous rice flour
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Concentrated pineapple juice
CP Chicken meats CP Grilled chicken teriyaki
COTTO Wall tiles
Instant rice vermicelli
Jasmine rice 100% (early season)GOLDEN PHENIX
Scope of emissionSix GHGs (Kyoto Protocol) or all GHGs?
Life cycle stagesB2B/B2C & use phase?
System boundaryCapital goods, transport of workers/consumers, cut‐off, PCR?
OffsettingOffsetting included?
Data sources
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Primary & secondary data requirement, data quality?Allocation
System expansion & Economic/mass allocation?End‐of‐life
Recycled scenarios?Carbon storage
Carbon storage, carbon capture, carbon sequestration?Land use change
GHG emissions from land use change included?
Type of carbon labellingLow‐carbon, carbon rating, carbon score?
B2B & B2COnly put label on finished products?
Group productsAverage CF for group products ?
Specific or average CFAverage CF of >1 production sites
Is carbon footprint ENOUGH to
compare products
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Average CF of >1 production sitesAverage CF of several destinations
Comparing CF across countriesLevel of technology, energy sources, etc.
Will consumers choose based on carbon footprint?
CF can be a useful tool to assess GHG emissionsof aquaculture products leading to theidentification of strategies to reduce GHGemissions
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
CL of aquaculture products have a potential tomeet the market requirement and to enhancecompetitiveness, as well as to promote carbon‐conscious consumption
Required suppliers’ engagement or inventorydatabases or secondary data for aquaculturesuch as fishmeal/crop production, chemicalproduction, electricity production, liquid N2/CO2production, etc.
Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA
Required expertise in LCA of aquaculture
Process‐oriented certification or product‐oriented labelling easy to understand and moreeffective?