REPORT ON CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF CARBON FOOTPRINT FOR RCB, PROCAM, HDFC LIFE & CARBON MITIGATION PLAN FOR GODREJ AND BOYCE By Konda Satwik 2009B5A2499H NextGen PMS, Bangalore A Practice School II Station BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI 1
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REPORT
ON
CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF CARBON FOOTPRINT FOR RCB, PROCAM, HDFC LIFE & CARBON MITIGATION PLAN FOR GODREJ AND BOYCE
By
Konda Satwik
2009B5A2499H
NextGen PMS, Bangalore
A Practice School II Station
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI
(September, 2013)
1
A REPORT
ON
CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF CARBON FOOTPRINT FOR RCB, PROCAM, HDFC LIFE & CARBON MITIGATION PLAN FOR GODREJ AND BOYCE
Abstract: In this project, the objective is to calculate the carbon footprint for RCB, Procam Bangalore 10k Run, HDFC Life & Carbon
Mitigation Planning for Godrej & Boyce. Since, the findings of the project cannot be published in this report, the procedure for the
calculation has been explained in this report. A case study of RCB has been taken and the process has been explained.
Konda Satwik Dr. VANDANA K.
16/9/13
RESPONSE OPTION SHEET
Station: Bangalore Center: NextGen
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ID No: 2009B5A2499H Name: Konda Satwik
Title of the Project: Calculation and Evaluation of Carbon Footprint for RCB, Procam, HDFC Life & Carbon Mitigation Planning for Godrej & Boyce.
Code No. Response Option Course No.(s) & Name
1. A new course can be designed out of this project.
NO
2. The project can help modification of the course content of some of the existing Courses
NO
3. The project can be used directly in some of the existing Compulsory Discipline Courses (CDC)/ Discipline Courses Other than Compulsory (DCOC)/ Emerging Area (EA), etc. Courses
NO
4. The project can be used in preparatory courses like Analysis and Application Oriented Courses (AAOC)/ Engineering Science (ES)/ Technical Art (TA) and Core Courses.
NO
5. This project cannot come under any of the above mentioned options as it relates to the professional work of the host organization.
YES
Konda Satwik ________________
Signature of Student Signature of Faculty
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Date: 16/9/13 Date:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Cover Page
2. Title page
3. Acknowledgements
4. Abstract Sheet
5. Response Option Sheet
6. Table of Contents
7. Introduction
8. Case Study for Carbon Footprint Calculations: RCB
The carbon footprint is the sum total of all the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of the direct and indirect activities of the
event. Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consumption of food, fuels,
manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services. For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the
amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted.
A carbon footprint has historically been defined by Championne as "the total sets of Greenhouse Gas emissions caused by an
organization, event, product or person."
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The Standard definition for Carbon Footprint is
“A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or
activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or
activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100)”.
Carbon Footprint Calculation includes emissions from activities involved in planning the whole event and also emissions due to
activities happening during the particular event.
Kyoto Protocol:
The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that sets
binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing "dangerous" anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference
of the climate system. International emissions trading allows developed countries to trade their commitments under the Kyoto
Protocol. Developing countries do not have binding targets under the Kyoto Protocol, but are still committed under the treaty to
reduce their emissions. Under the Protocol, emissions of developing countries are allowed to grow in accordance with their
development needs.
The treaty recognizes that developed countries have contributed the most to the anthropogenic build-up of carbon dioxide in the
Atmosphere (around 77% of emissions between 1750 and 2004), and that carbon dioxide emissions per person in developing
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Countries (2.9 tonnes in 2010) are, on average, lower than emissions per person in developed countries (10.4 tonnes in 2010).
Carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and the emissions of other GHGs, are often associated with the burning of fossil
fuels, like natural gas, crude oil and coal. While this is harmful to the environment, carbon offsets can be purchased in an attempt to
make up for these harmful effects. The Kyoto Protocol defines the Legally Binding targets & Timetables for cutting the GHG
emissions of industrialized countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol.
Trading & Emission Certificates:
Certified Emission Reduction (CER)
Emission Reduction Unit (ERU)
Verified Emission Reduction (VER)
Mandatory Market Mechanisms:
To reach the goals defined in the Kyoto Protocol, with the least economical costs, the following flexible mechanisms were
introduced for the mandatory market:
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Joint Implementation (JI)
Emissions trading
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Sample Case Study: RCB (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
I. Information about the Reporting Organization, Royal Challengers Bangalore
Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) is a cricket team based in Bangalore that plays in Indian Premier League (IPL) since its
inception in the year 2008. RCB is the franchise owned by United Breweries Group (UB) under its subsidiary Royal Challengers
Sports Private Limited (RCSPL). RCB’s office is based in Bangalore in one of the buildings called Canberra Block of UB
Corporate office. The RCB office team works during the IPL months exclusively for RCB while for rest of the months, they are
involved in other sports activities of RCSPL like Formula 1 and football.
II. Responsible Entity
Mr. Sidhartha Mallya, Director, Royal Challengers Sports Private Limited is the responsible entity at Royal Challengers
Bangalore.
III. GHG Inventory of RCB
The carbon footprint is the sum total of all the greenhouse gas emissions because of the direct and indirect activities of the
event. It includes emissions from activities involved in planning the whole event apart from emissions due to activities
happening during the IPL Season 5 held in the year 2012 in the months of April and May.
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The emissions of RCB have been estimated and reported as per the ISO-14064: 2006 Part 1 guidelines. Further, GHG protocol given by WRI and WBCSD has also been referred to. Both the guidelines have been consulted and referred to at different sections of the report.
1. ISO 14064: 2006 Part 1
ISO 14064: 2006 Part 1 is an international specification which gives guidance at the organizational level for quantification and
reporting of GHG emissions and removals. It was developed by Working Group (WG) 5 on Climate Change of ISO Technical
Committee (TC) 207, which is responsible for the ISO 14000 family of environmental management standards.
2. The GHG Protocol and Accounting Principle
The GHG Protocol Initiative is a multi-stakeholder partnership of businesses, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), governments and others, convened by the World
Resources Institute (WRI), a U.S. based environmental think tank and the World
Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a Geneva-based coalition of
about 200 international companies.
3. Boundary definition for RCB’s GHG Inventory
The first step in estimating the carbon footprint is to define the boundary. The boundary is
defined in two categories, first the organizational boundary and then the operational boundary i.e. identifying the emission sources
that are to be included in the carbon inventory of RCB.
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a. Organizational Boundary
For organizational GHG emissions reporting, two distinct approaches can be used to consolidate these emissions; i.e. the control or
the equity share approach. Operational Control Approach has been used to define the organizational boundary of RCB. The
organizational boundary for GHG inventory of RCB is selected as the RCB’s office in Bangalore which is located on the level 9,
Canberra Block, UB City 24, Vittal Mallya Road, Bangalore, 560001 as well as Chinnaswamy Stadium located at M.G. Road, Bangalore.
RCB has full operational control over the activities like usage of stadium and the equipment in the stadium, RCB team and staff-
travel and stay etc (detailed list of emission factors included in GHG inventory is given further under operational boundary section).
Stadium covers all the facilities located within the stadium like match ground, dressing rooms and other rooms and areas located
within the stadium as well as utilities like Gensets etc. Royal Challengers Bangalore has operational control over all the above
sources from stadium as per the arrangement between RCB and Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA). Operational boundary
does not include any parking spaces taken by stadium authority KSCA on lease during the match days as RCB has no control over
them.
b. Operational Boundary
Defining Operational boundary is identifying the emission sources to be included in the GHG inventory. GHG Protocol’s 5 principles
(relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency and accuracy) were used to map the importance of each emission source in the
overall carbon inventory of RCB. Along with the principles of the GHG Protocol, another materiality test based on parameters of
“control” and “impact” was used to determine the emission sources to be included in RCB’s boundary. The methodology of the
materiality test is elaborated in the subsequent sections. Broadly, the emission sources considered have been listed below under
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separate heads like energy consumption, air travel, road travel, lodging and others. These emission sources have been classified
further in the next section into various scopes as per the GHG Protocol.
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Final List of Emission Sources:
Based on the materiality analysis of all the possible emission sources, the following figure represents the gist of those emission
sources which have been finally included into the GHG Inventory of RCB for the IPL Season 5 held in 2012.
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1. The inventory period
The IPL tournament took place this year in the months of April and May, starting from 4 th April 2012 and finishing up on 27th May
2012. Thus, The GHG inventory for RCB is done for these two months of April and May 2012 have been taken as inventory period for
calculating emissions from Chinnaswamy stadium where the matches in Bangalore were held. For preparing the inventory of RCB
office in Bangalore, a more conservative time period of higher activity has been taken from February 2012 till June 2012. The more
conservative period of 5 months has been taken instead of the IPL months of April and May 2012 as this would include all other
activities/events and preparation phase of RCB for IPL 5.
2. Base Year
The previous inventory year i.e. January 2011 to May 2011 is the base year since it was the first year when GHG inventory was made
for RCB.
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Classification of Emission Sources based on GHG Protocol
Scope 1: Direct Emissions
Owned Diesel GeneratorsRCB has control over the Gensets that it owns. The emission source included in this category is RCB office. The details about the
gensets are included later under the GHG estimation section.
Scope 2: Indirect Emissions through Energy Use
Grid ElectricityEmission Sources included
Electricity consumption in RCB’s Office throughout the IPL season for the time from February 2012 to June 2012 when the
RCB employees work
Electricity consumption in Chinnaswamy stadium for the two months of April and May 2012 when IPL matches are
conducted.
Purchased Electricity from Diesel GeneratorsThis accounts for the carbon emissions from the electricity that is purchased from gensets not owned or not under the operational
control of RCB. It includes diesel generators used in the stadium on the match days to generate electricity.
Emission sources included
Generator sets owned by KSCA which is responsible for management of Chinnaswamy Stadium
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Generators provided by Private Contractors (Shri Venkateshwara)
Scope 3: Other Indirect EmissionsAir TravelRCB air travel accounts due to travel undertaken during the preparation as well as during the matches when RCB team has to fly
from one location to another. Air travel has been included for the following emission sources
RCB Players
RCB team Management Staff
RCB Employees
Road TravelRoad travel includes the following emission sources
Fans- to and from the stadium
RCB players & team staff- hotel to stadium and stadium to hotel
RCB Players & team staff- airport to hotel and hotel to airport
RCB employees-travel from home to office and office to home
LodgingThe hotel stay of players and RCB team staff results in use of resources and, therefore, in carbon emissions.
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The emission sources included are:
RCB Executives’ stay in Bangalore & away locations
RCB players’ and RCB Team staff stay at the hotels in Bangalore for home matches and in other cities for away matches.
Waste
Waste disposal at the stadium results in GHG emissions and, thus, included under RCB’s GHG inventory. But since the waste
generated in the stadium is segregated into food waste, paper waste, metallic waste, plastic waste and sent for composting and
recycling, the emissions are reduced from waste generation. However, these emission reductions are not accounted to be on a more
conservative side.
Emission Estimation
The quantification methodology used for the calculation of emissions from each emission source for RCB is based on GHG activity
data multiplied by GHG emission or removal factors. This is the most appropriate methodology amongst the list of methodologies
approved by GHG Protocol. The following is the quantification formula used.
This is the methodology described in GHG protocol and is followed as a standard all over the world for GHG Inventory projects based
on GHG protocol.
Activity Data-It is the data on the magnitude of human activity, resulting in emissions during a given period of time (Eg. quantity of
fuel combusted for running a vehicle).
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Emissions (MT CO2e) = Activity Data x Emission Factor (Kgs CO2e/Unit of activity data) x 10^-3
Emission Factor-A coefficient that relates activity data to the amount of chemical compound that is the source of later emissions.
Emission factors are often based on a sample of measurement data, averaged to develop a representative rate of emission for a
given activity level under a given set of operating conditions.
RCB Emissions Inventory IPL Season 5: A Snapshot
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Emission Reductions
RCB has taken many initiatives to reduce the carbon emissions which occur due to its various activities. All these initiatives are fan
driven. Below described is the emission reduction achieved by the initiative of Solar Water Heater.
Use of wind powered electricityRCB sourced “Green Electricity” from BESCOM to conduct matches during IPL 2012 held in the months of April and May 2012.26000 KWh each were sourced for the months of April and May 2012. The power was sourced at an extra cost of Re.1 per unit.
The relevant proofs have been attached in Annexure 3.
Use of Solar Water HeatersThe conceptFans donate the emissions achieved by the use of solar water heaters (SWH) through an online platform on the RCB Website. A list
of questions was asked from the fans who entered their particulars in the respective fields. These particulars automatically got saved
in the form of database in a Google spreadsheet. This spreadsheet was non-editable. Thus, as soon as a fan entered his/her
particulars the details got stored in the database and were non-editable further.
The questions which were asked to the fans were:
1. Time since they are using the Solar Water Heater
2. Capacity of the SWH installed at their home
3. Complete contact details of the fan with address and telephone number
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Before submitting the details fans confirmed that they had not donated their emission reductions anywhere before and they would
not use them anywhere else in future, after they have donated their reductions to RCB.
Reduction Calculation Methodology
Steps
1. The timeframe for which emission reductions are claimed is from 2010 till present. So, a solar water heater that has been
used since 2010 is taken as 3 years of usage.
2. Capacity provided by the registered fans is taken for calculation
3. The methodology referred for calculations is Clean Development Methodology (CDM)project methodology for the Project
3757 : Bundled Solar Water Heater Project from India and registered with UNFCCC available at the link