Cape Town, Feb 2012 BIOPAMA - CBD · Cape Town, Feb 2012 The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas 1) Environmental issues are Global and there is a need for global reference data

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA

Biodiversity and Protected Areas ManagementManagement

Philippe.Mayaux, Grégoire.Dubois, Andreas.Brink

@jrc.ec.europa.euInstitute for Environment & Sustainability

Joint Research Centre

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Joint Research Centre

The Institute for Environment and Sustainability

Activities related to tropical ecosystems

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

Assessment of African Protected Areas

Evolution with new aid-decision tools

Structure of the presentation

Evolution with new aid-decision tools

The BIOPAMA project

Partners, main objectives

Thematic activities

Example of thematic activities

Earth Observation & threats to protected areas

Conclusions

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Joint Research Centre of the EC

Where does the JRC fitin the European Commission?

President Barroso 27 Commission Members

Commissioner Geoghegan-Quinn

Research, Innovation and Science

Joint Research Centre (JRC) Research DG (RTD)

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Joint Research Centre of the EC

JRC – Robust science for policy making

As a Directorate-General of the European Commission, the JRC provides customer-driven scientific and technical support to Community

policy making

Supporting citizen’s security, research on

energy, environment, transport, climate

change, safety of food and consumer products,

crisis management, nuclear security

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Joint Research Centre of the EC

Our Structure: 7 Institutes in 5 Member States

IRMM – Geel, BelgiumInstitute for Reference Materials and Measurements

ITU – Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Transuranium Elements

IE – Petten, The Netherlands and Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Energy

IPSC – Ispra, ItalyIPSC – Ispra, ItalyInstitute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen

IES – Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Environment and Sustainability

IHCP – Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Health and Consumer Protection

IPTS – Seville, SpainInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies

~ 2750 staff

~ 345 M€/y institutional budget (+ 60 M€/y earned in come)

Cape Town, Feb 2012

JRC Activities in ACP countries

ACP countriesAfrican Union

ACP SecretariatRegional centers

Countries

EU servicesDEV, AIDCO, ENV, ECHO

RELEX, Delegations

Member States

D, GB, B, PT, FNL, DK…

Land degradation and desertification

Food security &

Climate Change Water resources

Soil resources

InternationalUnited NationsCBD, UNFCCC, UNCCD, GEO

NGOs

ScienceUniversities

NetworksCGIAR, IIASA

Space agencies

Food security & Rural development

Marine resources& Fisheries

RenewableEnergies

Biodiversity protection

Crisis responseHumanitarian Aid

Natural RisksReduction

Conflict prevention& Early warning

Forest resources

Soil resources

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Example of a product of GEM for technical and scientific

support to European policy: The Global Landcover 2000

(coordination and implementation)

Examples of products and projects

Cape Town, Feb 2012

OFAC under the control and at the benefit of COMIFAC

Strong support from EU (6.3 M EUR for 2007-2014 )

Achieved by a consortium of scientific institutions

Observatoire des Forets d’Afrique Centrale

Regional centre in Kinshasa and in Yaoundé (6 scientific staff) with contact points in the 10 Central African countriesCongo Basin countries

Involvement of many national, regional and international partners: forest and wildlife services, NGOs, logging companies, UN bodies

Cape Town, Feb 2012

4 thematic monitoring systems

Forest cover & change

Forest carbon

Forest management

Forest biodiversity

OFAC Monitoring Systems

REDD+

FLEGT

Biodiversity

Data collection and analysis

Geographic level

National and management units (logging concession, protected area,

transformation unit, game area, ecological, landscape…)

Quantitative indicators in the formal sector

specific studies in the informal market

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The State of the Forests

Collective work of more than 100 authorsFocus on ecosystem services Coordinated by OFAC

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Main sources of data over Central Africa

Web site with exhaustive information

http://www.observatoire-comifac.net

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Deforestation and management

Cape Town, Feb 2012

EC and protected areas in ACP countries

1) European Union is the main donor for biodiversity conservation in ACP countries

2) Need of information systems based on scientific evidence for setting up funding priorities,

3) Information to be collected cover biodiversity3) Information to be collected cover biodiversityvalue (animal, vegetal, habitat) and threats to biodiversity

4) Environmental issues are multi-scale from local scale (livelihood) to national, regional and global (species extinction…) and there is a need for multi-scale reference data and information systems

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Assessing Protected Areas in Africa

JRC has developed a tool to assess and prioritize

Protected Areas in Africa according to biodiversity values and

threats, using objective, continent-wide datasets

Indicators on anthropogenic pressure and

species irreplaceability

Biodiversity

Pre

ssur

e

Cape Town, Feb 2012

2. Data Management and

Quality Assurance

3. Data integration and analysis

1. Observations and Data Collection

Data collection, management & integration

4. Decision-supportV.1.0

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Assessing Protected Areas in Africa

Analysed:

– 741 protected areas – across 50 countries

Used:

Results of the Assessment of African Protected Areas

– information on 280 mammal, 381 bird and 930 amphibian species

– wide range of climatic, environmental and socioeconomic information

Produced:

– Biodiversity indicators

– Index for habitat irreplaceability

– Indicator for anthropogenic pressure

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Assessment Tool for Protected Areas

DEMO: the Assessment of African Protected Areas

http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/APAAT/ No Internet

Cape Town, Feb 2012

- Updates/changes are difficult- Maintenance cost very high- Little is automated (no

repeated assessment possible)- Mandate?- …

- Information difficult to reuse- More information exist- Feedback (validation!) is uneasy- How to assess impact of new

parks or loss of parks?- …

User’s perspective? Developer’s perspective?

Assessment Tool for Protected Areas

- …- …

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

a a Digital Observatory for Protected Areas,

http://dopa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

1) Environmental issues are Global and there is a need for global reference data and information systems

2) We need to go beyond the boundaries of Protected Areas (connectivity, fragmentation are major issues)Areas (connectivity, fragmentation are major issues)

3) Increase reusability of data, models and IT infrastructure for improved communication and exchange

4) Capture ecological information from the ground as well as from space

5) Automate data exchange and modelling for ensuring repeated assessments

Cape Town, Feb 2012

- Better sharing of data and models- Easy customization of tools- Possible machine to machine communication = integration in more

complex system

Towards web services & Service Oriented Architectures

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

One tool or one set of tools ?

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

- Small independent components developed by experts

- Reusable

- Recyclable

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

a a Digital Observatory for Protected Areas,

a LEGO toolbox for biodiversity

http://dopa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Cape Town, Feb 2012

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas

DOPA is based on a set

of

Web Services

to Assess,

Monitor, and Forecast

Biodiversity

at the Global Scale

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Examples of Scientific Support: eHabitat

Input thematic maps:

• % tree cover

• % herbaceous cover

• % barren cover

• Elevation

• Slope

• Aridity index

• % water bodies

• NDVI

• NDWI

Habitatmodelling

Mahalanobis Distances,Maximum

Entropy

Climate Change

Agriculture

Deforestation

• OTHERS

eStation Other sources

eHabitat: the climate change scenariohttp://ehabitat.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ehabitat/

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Example 1: Climate shifts in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Assessing climate shifts in Protected Areas

2010

Cape Town, Feb 2012

2020

Assessing climate shifts in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

2050

Assessing climate shifts in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Example 2: Exploring climate corridors

Cape Town, Feb 2012

2010

Exploring climate corridors

Cape Town, Feb 2012

2050

Exploring climate corridors

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Example 3: Species list in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Species list in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Species list in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Species list in Protected Areas

Cape Town, Feb 2012

DOPA allows integrated assessments using

independent components

Example of mixing serviceshttp://ehabitat-wps.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dopasimple

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Is this only about technology?

What about Management & Governance?

What about Socio-Economic indicators and the integration of PAs in the local economy?

Limitations of DOPA

What about larger communities of End-Users?

What about larger communities of Contributors?

What about Capacity Building for potential end-users and contributors?

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA

Going beyond a pure scientific & technical exercise, BIOPAMA links with the communities!

BIOPAMA

BIOPAMA

Biodiversity and

Protected Areas Management

in the ACP regions

15 Mio € , European Development Fund (4 years 2011-2015)

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA objectives

General objective

The general objective of the project is to improve the long-

term conservation of biodiversity in Africa, Caribbean and

Pacific regions and reduce the poverty of populations

surrounding PAs.

Specific objective

Based on the best available science and knowledge, to

enhance existing institutions and networks by building their

capacity to strengthen policy and to implement well informed

decisions on biodiversity conservation and protected areas

management, and access and benefit sharing.

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA activities

1. Build a reliable reference information system of Protected Areas including information on:

- biodiversity value and ecosystems behaviour

- pressures and threats to species and PAs

- ecosystem services provided by PAs to local

population.population.

2. Strengthen institutions and networks by building their capacity to implement well informed decisions on biodiversity conservation

3. Creation of a Regional “Observatory for Protected Areas and Biodiversity” in each of the 3 regions (Africa, Caribbean, Pacific).

Cape Town, Feb 2012

• Collect data on Management & Governance from institutions & local actors

• Further collect feedback from the ground (species observations, threats and pressures, land cover change, management & governance, economics, PAs and local

BIOPAMA

Based on the best available science and knowledge, meaning we will also…

management & governance, economics, PAs and local ecosystem services…)

• Engage with more stakeholders to access larger communities of end-users

• Increase the community of contributors, partners and end-users

• Where necessary, develop the capacity building activities targeting the potential end-users and contributors

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA regional deliverables

Regional Observatories for Protected Areas and Biodiversityin each region involved (Africa, Caribbean, Pacific)

1.Adapting the DOPA to the regional needs and available information

2.2.developing and progressively implementing Capacity Building Programmes,

3.Coordinating the support (experts, infrastructure) to national services and regional organizations,

4.facilitating networking of experts and institutions,

5.developing and implementing a Communication and Awareness Raising Programme.

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA: JRC Regional Contact Points

Central Africa Southern Africa Eastern AfricaBurundi Angola Djibouti

Cameroon Botswana EritreaCentral African Republic Comoros Ethiopia

Chad Lesotho KenyaCongo Madagascar Seychelles

Democratic Republic of the Congo Malawi SomaliaEquatorial Guinea Mauritius Sudan

Gabon Mayotte Sudan SouthRwanda Mozambique UgandaRwanda Mozambique Uganda

Sao Tome and Principe Namibia TanzaniaSouth AfricaSwaziland

ZambiaZimbabwe

Philippe Mayaux Gregoire Dubois Andreas Brink

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA: Thematic Structure

Cape Town, Feb 2012

3 examples of research & support activities

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Use of Remote Sensing in BIOPAMA: eStation

African Monitoring of the Environment for

Sustainable Development

eStation

Fires

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Processing Station (PS) Analysis (EMMA) Reporting

eStation: a full processing/analysis/reporting chain

• Format Conversion

• Ad hoc indicators

• GIS tools (MapServer)

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Data received through Eumetcast

SPOT-VGT10 days synthesis

Meteosat SG15 minutes

LandSAF15 minutes

Meteo

Vegetation Dry Matter ProductivityNDVI = vegetation index

Albedo AMV, CDS, CLA, CLAI, CLM, CRM, CSR, CTH, DIV, FIR, FRP, FRE, GII, HPI, IDS, MPE, MSA,

OCA, OLR, SST, TH, TOZ, UTH, VOL

AlbedoAtmospheric fluxes

Land Surface Temperature

Leaf Area IndexFractional Cover

Water

Fires Burned area

Surface Water BodiesNDWI = moisture index

NDVI = vegetation indexLeaf Area IndexFractional Cover

Phenology (start, end…)Vegetation Production Index

Fractional CoverFaPAR

Evapotranspiration

Radiative power

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Fire Monitoring

MODIS products for monitoring fires & assessing pressures

Comoe NP, Ivory Coast

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Environmental Seasonality & Anomalies

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Seasonal monitoring of ecological parameters

Variables to monitor as limiting/driving factors for animal biodiversity

VegetationScarcity of forage at the end of the dry season and beginning of

200

225

250

Closed shrubland with sparse trees/NClosed shrubland/NOpen shrubland with sparse trees/N

Wat

er

Veg

etat

ion

Fire

s

Fire

s

the dry season and beginning of rainy season

WaterScarcity at the end of dry season

FiresEntire dry season

50

75

100

125

150

175

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34

Wat

er

Veg

etat

ion

Fire

s

Fire

s

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Water Bodies

SPOT VGT products for seasonal changes in small water bodies

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Habitat status mapping - Vegetation map

• Land cover mapping for habitat assessment and species distribution and abundance estimation• The Species-Area Relationship

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Habitat status mapping - Territorial integrity

Cape Town, Feb 2012

1984

Habitat change assessment – local scale

Park “W” National Park(Source Landsat TM USGS, analysis JRC)

Cape Town, Feb 2012

2002

AgriculturalIntensification

Habitat change assessment – local scale

AgriculturalIntensification

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Land-cover changes around Park W

51%

17%

14%

18%

Savannah Degraded Savannah

Agriculture - Intensive Agriculture - Mosaic

1975

25%

22%25%

28%

Savannah Degraded Savannah

Agriculture - Intensive Agriculture - Mosaic

2002

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Land cover change – regional scale

Tree cover loss from 1990 till 2000

Tree to other wooded landand other vegetation

(red = deforestationgreen = aforestation)

Loss of wood and shrub land from 1990 till 2000

Other wooded land to other vegetation

(orange = loss of other wooded landgreen = gain of other wooded land)

Assessment of East African vegetation dynamics from the 1990s till 2000A. Brink, C. Bodartin preparation

• Over a period of 10 years, 3.2% of trees have disappeared towards other wooded land and other vegetation cover in about the same proportion

• the average annual net tree loss is 0.3%

• the average annual net wooded land loss is 0.1%

• High dynamic of changes in both directions, positive and negative, occurring in most cases within a same sample site (shifting cultivation, fire-wood extraction)

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA

Setting up the foundations of BIOPAMA

1) Because you are at the same time the potential end-users, contributors and partners, BIOPAMA needs your support

3) Share your information and data, to expose your strengths and weaknesses

4) Share your information and data for quality control and for adding value to your information

5) Share your information and data for reinforcing your mandate

Cape Town, Feb 2012

BIOPAMA

Next daysNext days

Please liaise with your regional JRC contact points!

Cape Town, Feb 2012

Thank you for your attention

The JRC team