CAPCA Nursery /Greenhouse Seminar June 7, 2000 Carlsbad, CA.

CAPCA

Nursery/Greenhouse Seminar

June 7, 2000

Carlsbad, CA

RIFA Insecticides: Surface Water Runoff Prevention and Mitigation

Kean S. Goh, Dave Kim, Johanna Walters

Department of Pesticide Regulation

830 K Street

Sacramento, CA 95814

Outline

• Introduction

• Insecticides

• Regulatory Issues

• Monitoring

• Mitigation Measures

• Summary

Introduction

• RIFA treatments

• Surface-water runoff potential

• Aquatic toxicity

InsecticidesRIFA

• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)

• Diazinon

• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®, Lorsban®)

• Fenoxycarb (Award®)

• Hydramethylnon (Amdro Pro®)

• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)

Insecticideother OPs

• Dimethoate

• Fonofos

• Malathion

• Methidathion

• Methyl parathion

• Phosmet

InsecticidePhysico-Chemical Properties

Pesticides Sol. Koc FD

Bifenthrin 0.1 230,000 144

Chlorpyrifos 1.4 13,000 120

Diazinon 60 1,600 10

Fenoxycarb 5.7 1,500 25

Hydramethylnon 0.2 210,000 28

Pyriproxyfen 0.4 16,000 35

Water Solubility (ppm)

0102030405060

Ab

am

ecti

n

Bif

en

thrin

Ch

lorp

yrif

os

Dia

zin

on

Fen

ox

yca

rb

Hy

dra

meth

yln

on

Py

rip

ro

xy

fen

Soil Adsorption Coefficient

0

50

100

150

200

250

Bif

enth

rin

Chl

orp

yrif

os

Dia

zino

n

Fen

oxyc

arb

Hyd

ram

ethy

lnon

Pyr

ipro

xyfe

n

Field Dissipation Half-Life (Days)

020406080

100120140160

Ab

am

ecti

n

Bif

enth

rin

Ch

lorp

yri

fos

Dia

zin

on

Fen

ox

yca

rb

Hy

dra

met

hy

lno

n

Py

rip

rox

yfe

n

InsecticideAquatic Toxicity (LC50)

Pesticide R. Trout (ppb) D.Magna (ppb)

Bifenthrin 0.15 0.16

Chlorpyrifos 3 1.7

Diazinon 2600 0.96

Fenoxycarb 1600 400

Hydramethylnon 160 1140

Pyriproxyfen 325 400

Aquatic Toxicity

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

Ab

amec

tin

Bif

enth

rin

Ch

lorp

yrif

os

Dia

zin

on

Fen

oxyc

arb

Hyd

ram

eth

yln

on

Pyr

ipro

xyfe

n

R. Trout D. magna

RegulationFederal Clean Water Act

• Impaired water bodies – 303 (d) list.– Physical, chemical, biological

– Sediment, metals, pesticides, pathogens, nutrients, toxic organics, toxicity, salinity, other

– Calif 509 bodies listed (1998)

RegulationTMDL Process

Total Maximum Daily Load

Regional Water Quality Control Board

Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos • SF – urban creeks (diazinon)• CC- Pajaro R, Watsonville Slough• CV-Sac/SJR Delta• SA- Newport Bay• SD- Chollas Cr./SD Bay (diazinon)

Offsite Movements

• Spray drift – primary, secondary

• Runoff – dissolved in water

– adsorbed to soil particles and organic materials

Monitoring

• Insecticide Concentration

• Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia

• Urban vs. Nurseries

Jun-99

Jul-99

Aug-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Nov-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

bife

nthr

in

diaz

inon

fono

fos

m. p

arat

hion

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

b)

Bee Canyon Drain

bifenthrin

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

dimethoate

fonofos

malathion

m. parathion

Bee Canyon Drain

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (

%)

m. parathion

malathion

fonofos

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

bifenthrin

% mortality

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

Central Irvine/Hines Channel

bifenthrin

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

dimethoate

malathion

m. parathion

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Month

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

m. parathion

malathion

fonofos

dimethoate

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

bifenthrin

% mortality

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Mar-99

Apr-99

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

dimethoate

fonofos

malathion

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Mar-99

Apr-99

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C.

dub

ia (%

) malathion

fonofos

dimethoate

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

3

Sep-99 Oct-99 Nov-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

diazinon

malathion

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

malathion

diazinon

% mortality

Bolsa Chica Channel

0

1

2

3

Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Month

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

diazinon

dimethoate

malathion

Bolsa Chica Channel

0

1

2

3

Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (

%)

malathion

dimethoate

diazinon

%mortality

Oso Creek

0

1

2

Mar-99

Mar-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb) bifenthrin

fenoxycarb

hydramethylnon

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

dimethoate

fonofos

malathion

Arroyo Trabuco

0

1

2

Mar-99

Mar-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

bifenthrin

fenoxycarb

hydramethylnon

pyriproxyfen

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

fonofos

malathion

Arroyo Trabuco

0

1

2

3

Mar-99

Mar-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

Apr-99

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

)

010

2030

405060

7080

90100

Mor

tali

ty o

f C

. du

bia

(%

)

malathion

fonofosdiazinon

chlorpyrifospyriproxyfen

hydramethylnon fenoxycarb

bifenthrin% mortality

San Juan Creek

0

1

2

Apr-99

May-99

Sep-99

Oct-99 Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

chlorpyrifosdiazinonfonofosmalathion

San Juan Creek

0

1

2

Apr-99 May-99

Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

malathion

fonofos

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Pesticide

Environment Human

Runoff

Environment Climatic Conditions

• Rainfall – duration, amount, and intensity

– timing of rainfall after application– time to runoff after inception of rainfall

Environment Soil Characteristics

• Texture

• Organic matter content

• Moisture content

• Surface compaction and crusting

• Slope

• Aggregation

Management Practices

• Pesticide placement– soil, foliar applied, potting mix

• Erosion/runoff control• Cropping patterns • Irrigation management

– duration, amount, intensity, and timing

Runoff Prevention & Mitigation

• Runoff survey

• Insecticide selection

• Application

• Containment

• Water recovery

• Buffer strip

Runoff Site Survey

• Terrain, water flow, – proximity to water bodies

• Storage area

• Mixing & loading area

• Wash area

• Application site

Insecticide Selection

• Efficacy

• Formulation

• Physico-chemical properties

• Dose (use rate)

• Aquatic toxicity

Application

• Label– Environmental Hazards– Use Directions

• Rate• Timing

– rain & irrigation

• Precision application – Calibration

LabelEnvironmental Hazards

This pesticide is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates.

Do not apply directly to water.

Drift and run-off from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters.

PesticideLabel Recommendation

“Do not apply if rain is expected within 12 hours”

Containment

• Rain shelter

• Containment of spills– storage area, mixing loading, wash pad

• Containment of runoff water

• Rinsate reuse, treatment

• Tailwater pond/bioswale

Water Recovery

• Re-circulating system

• Tailwater recovery– Phytotoxicity (herbicide residues)– Microbial degradation, photodegradation– Hydrolysis – Plant & Wildlife

Buffer Strip

• Water soluble vs. adsorped

• Buffer area

• Vegetation strip – grass, cover crop

• Organic material strip

Management Agency Agreement

• Preventive (outreach and education)

• Self-regulatory (voluntary programs)

• Regulatory (DPR)

• Regulatory (Federal and Regional Boards)

Conclusions

• All RIFA insecticides were detected• Single detects: hydramethylnon,

pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb• Nurseries: Bifenthrin, Diazinon,

Chlorpyrifos, (Malathion), (Dimethoate) <3 ppb

• Urban: Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos <1 ppb

Conclusions (continued)

• Toxicity to C. dubia

• Nursery sites: – 10 attributable to Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Bifenthrin,

Malathion, Dimethoate, Fonofos

– 1 unknown

• Urban and integrated sites:– 12 attributable to Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos

– 24 unknown

Conclusions (continued)

Prevention & Mitigation

Application

Irrigation Management

Tailwater Recovery

Buffer Stripe

Acknowledgment • Calif. Dept. of Food & Agriculture

– Center for Analytical Chemistry – Pest Detection/Emergency Project

• Santa Ana RWQC B• State Water Resource Control Board• Dept. of Health Services• Calif. Department of Fish & Game• County Agric. Commissioners • UC Cooperative Extension• Nursery Industries

[email protected] (916) 324-4072

www.cdpr.ca.gov