Capacity Enhancement Program on Controlling Corruption and Improving Governance for Thailand World Bank Institute María González de Asís September 2008
Feb 25, 2016
Capacity Enhancement Program on Controlling Corruption and
Improving Governance for Thailand
World Bank InstituteMaría González de Asís
September 2008
Points for discussion1. Why should we care about information, transparency and
accountability? What is the impact of corruption on service delivery?
2. Key concepts: governance, information, transparency accountability, coordination, patronage, nepotism
3. Why you should measure corruption?
4. You can have impact but the solution is in all of us: government, communities, private sector, international organizations.
5. What is this program about?
6. Tools to improve information, transparency and accountability
1. Why should we care about information, transparency and accountability?
Public institutions are vulnerable to C when they: Have direct interactions with citizens/private sector Manage discretionary power Manage public budget for large projects Do not have any complaining mechanism in place Have a bureaucratic culture and practice built on
personalistic ties Do not have any information system in place
1. Why should we care about information, transparency and accountability (continued)?
According to research in different regions it is estimated that as a result of corruption : In Asia…. In Latin America… In Africa…
Conclusion: Corruption distorts the allocation of social resources: the
diverted funds could be used for schools, roads, security, social services, certainly corruption has a direct impact on
investment, economic growth, efficiency, and equity.
Why should we care? Corruption is not just a developing country problem
Source: “Are Foreign Investors and Multinationals Engaging in Corrupt Practices in Transition Economies?” by Kaufmann, Hellman, Jones, in Transition, May-June 2000. Note: Survey Question was “How often nowadays do firms like yours need to make extra, unofficial payments to public officials to gain government contracts?” Firms responding “sometimes” or “more frequently” were classified as paying kickbacks. These figures are subject to significant margins of error and thus should be regarded as approximate.
Percentage of firms that pay public procurement kickbacks by country
Organizations
Corruption poses three risksCorruption poses three risks
Reputational RiskDevelopment
Effectiveness Risk
Fiduciary Risk
Why should we care? Why should we care? Good Governance matters for investment and growthGood Governance matters for investment and growth
10%
15%
20%
High Medium Low
% Investment share in GDP
High Medium Low
-1.5%
0%
1%
2%
1.5%
-0.5%
-1.0%
0.5%
Income per capita Growth Rate
Governance QualityGovernance QualityGovernance Quality measured by perception of 4000 firms in 67 countries on: (i) protection of property rights; (ii) judicial reliability; (iii) predictability of rules; (iv) control of corruption. World Development Report Survey 1997
What is the WB doing to fight corruption?What is the WB doing to fight corruption?
At the country levelIn projects
In partnerships
2. Key Concepts
GovernanceInformation
TransparencyAccountability
Corruption
Governance and Corruption Not the same thing!
“The manner in which public officials and institutions acquire and exercise the authority to shape public policy and provide public goods and services,” Refers not only to the functioning of central government administration, but also to the way services are delivered and public resources management
Abusing publicpublic office for privateprivate gain
GovernanceGovernance
CorruptionCorruption
What do we understand by corruption?
Administrative Corruption
Nepotism & Patronage
State Capture
9.64.3
81.2394.25
74.1979.33
38.88
16.07
77.5484.04
3213
020406080100
Falta deInformación
Efectividad Eficiencia CorrupciónAccesibilidadComplejidadAdministrativa
11
3. Why should you measure corruption? (Percentage of users of administrative procedures -
Permits and Licenses)
Fuente: González, María (2000). Reducing Corruption at the Local Level
Significant changes in voice and accountability (1998-2007)
-2
0
2
IVO
RY
CO
AST
ZIM
BA
BW
E
HA
ITI
NEP
AL
C. A
FR. R
EP.
KYR
GYZ
REP
.
ERIT
REA
RU
SSIA
VEN
EZU
ELA
BEL
AR
US
CU
BA
MYA
NM
AR
UZB
EKIS
TAN
PHIL
IPPI
NES
BO
LIVI
A
YEM
EN
JAM
AIC
A
MA
UR
ITIU
S
BU
RU
ND
I
BR
AZI
L
AZE
RB
AIJ
AN
ALB
AN
IA
RO
MA
NIA
TAN
ZAN
IA
ESTO
NIA
EL S
ALV
AD
OR
BU
LGA
RIA
LATV
IA
GA
MB
IA
MEX
ICO
PER
U
IND
ON
ESIA
GH
AN
A
BO
SNIA
NIG
ERIA
SLO
VAK
REP
.
CR
OA
TIA
SER
BIA
Significant reduction
(selected countries)
Significant improvements
(selected countries)
Little change
Political Accountability
Formal Oversight
Institutions
Citizens/Firm
s
Citizens/Firms
Citi
zens
/Fir
ms
Citizens/Firms
Decentralization and Local Participation
Civil Society & Media
Private Sector Interface
Effective Public Sector
Management
4. The solution is in all of us: Where to start? # Entry Points
Good Governance has many entry points
5. 5. What is this program about?
Session 7Designing a
strategy/action plan
Session 2 Tools for diagnostic
analysis
Session 1The importance of good
governance and the impact of corruption
Session 6Tools to improve inter-
agency coordination
Session 4Tools to improve information
and civil society participationg
Action plan
How to control corruption and improve governance in Thailand
Capacity Enhancement Program
Session 5Tool to improve
transparency and accountability
Session 3Public sector reform
experiences
How to design an action plan
Identifying gaps
and challenges
Selection of Governance tools
Finalization (timeline, roles, indicators)
A step by step process
Diagnostic analysis
What tools can be used to improve information,
transparency and accountability?
Tools
Participatory Budgeting,
Puerto Alegre(Brazil)
Civil Society Oversight; transparent, competitive
procurement(Slovakia)
Strengthening Supreme Audit Institutions
(Hungary)
Public Expenditure Tracking & Information Campaigns (Ghana, Madagascar, Mozambique, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia)
Procurement oversight by
CSOs (Philippines)
Strengthening Public Accounts Committees
(India)
Transparent, competitive e-procurement
(LAC) Strengthening Public Accounts Committees(Kenya, Ghana, Zambia --
AFR)
Accountability, Transparency & Integrity
Project(Tanzania)
Key Issue: Instruments to Support Demand-side Interventions
Program Objectives
1. Develop a common understanding of AC and Governance
2. Learn diagnostic, monitoring and evaluation tools
3. Identify concrete tools for improving information flow, transparency, accountability and coordination.
4. Share initiatives 5. Design an AC to improve Information,
Transparency, accountability and coordination
Program Outputs
1. One action plan (matrix) from each WORKING GROUP to improve governance in the Civil Service
2. Recommendation for one tool/strategy to improve information, transparency and/or accountability by AGENCY
3. Proposal for improving the current governance challenges that Thailand is facing
Governance websitesWorld Bank Institute - Governance
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/esp/
Specific data
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/datasets.htm
GAP Program website
http://www.ruv.itesm.mx/portal/promocion/ds/dtbg/