Canopy - Fall 2013

To promote sustainable forestry and farming practices in the Congo, WHRC scientists begin at the grass roots level by first listening to villagers’ needs.

Growing a

Green Economy

CanopyThe Magazine of the Woods Hole Research Center

Annual Report Issue Fall 2013

also in this issue The National Park Service Addresses Climate Change New Use for Degraded LandsScience Education Initiatives at Work

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CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2013

I support WHRC, and you should, too.

Woods Hole Research Center scientists have their hands in the soil and in the water and in the forests all over planet Earth - from research on the rate of permafrost thaw in the Arctic to water chemistry in the Amazon watershed to the extent of tropical deforestation in the Congo. They tell us how humans have changed our global climate and what we can do to alter our current course. I support WHRC, and you should, too. Join me in supporting their work toward a cleaner and healthier planet.

Mark Ruffalo, actor and environmental activist

Growing a Green Economy in the Democratic Republic of CongoWealth Management: The National Park Service Addresses Climate ChangeRecycle This: New Use for Degraded LandsScience Education Initiatives at Work

From the Acting PresidentBoard of Directors

Staff ListFinancial Report

Our Donors

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A Letter from the Acting President

ACTING PRESIDENTAND SENIOR SCIENTISTDr. Richard A. Houghton

COMMUNICATIONS Director of External Affairs: Eunice YoumansPhone: 508-444-1509 Email: [email protected]

DEVELOPMENT Chief Development Officer: Robert J. MollenhauerPhone: 508-444-1551 Email: [email protected]

EDITING & DESIGN Elizabeth BagleyAllison White

PHOTOGRAPHY WHRC Staff WOODS HOLE RESEARCH CENTER 149 Woods Hole RoadFalmouth, MA 02540Email: [email protected] Website: www.whrc.org

NEWSLETTER Subscribe online at www.whrc.org

COPYRIGHTAll material appearing in Canopy Magazine is copyright unless otherwise stated or it may rest with the provider of the supplied material. Canopy Magazine takes care to ensure information is correct at time of printing, but the publisher accepts no responsibility or liability for the accuracy of any information contained herein.

Magazine

Annual Report Issue Dear Friends,

Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest recorded storms to make landfall, tore into the Philippines on November 8. It impacted more than 13 million people, injured over 12,000, and, as of this writing, left more than 4,000 dead. The climate change deniers came out in force arguing, “This is not climate change!” In the recent past, scientists would respond: “We can’t definitely say this particular storm was caused by climate change, but it’s the kind of storm predicted to become more frequent as a result of climate change.” The deniers were clear while the scientists equivocated.

However, scientists are now reporting on the basis of statistical evidence that the frequencies and intensities of storms (and other extremes of heat and drought) have exceeded “the usual.” We are experiencing climate change. The Earth is warming at a rate greater than predicted by climate models, and we can anticipate more dramatic and more frequent events like Typhoon Haiyan.

WHRC scientists use the findings of their research to identify ways to mitigate the biggest drivers of climate change. Armed with this information, we work to implement policies that lead to better management of forests and agricultural lands, which aids in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Recent examples include:

• A published study of deforestation in Brazil that demonstrates the connection between greater land clearing and lower crop yields, proving that farmers cannot increase production by expanding croplands into forests.

• The creation of a satellite-based map of Indonesia to help the government identify additional areas for sustainable food production without clearing more forests.

• Teaching local communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo to better manage their forests both to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and to alleviate poverty.

• The release of a map that provides an unprecedented view of global forest change over the past 12 years, which will enable carbon emissions to be determined with greater accuracy.

In this issue of Canopy, we gratefully recognize our donors, who share the urgency of our mission. Throughout the magazine you will find statements from donors, staff, and scientists that convey, on a very personal level, how your support of WHRC has impacted their lives. Thanks to your commitment, we are able to take our research to the public and to policymakers and communicate that we are, indeed, experiencing climate change. We welcome new supporters to join us as we move beyond equivocation to solutions that will help mitigate the most harmful aspects of climate change.

With sincere thanks,

Richard A. HoughtonActing President

Canopy


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Board of DirectorsThis list reflects Directors on the Board between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013.

OUR MISSION To advance discovery and seek science-based solutions for the world’s environmental and economic challenges through research and education on forests, soil, air and water.

OUR VISIONA world in which the insights of science guide management of the Earth’s natural resources, so that we and future generations may sustain prosperous and fulfilling lives without degrading the ecosystems that support humanity and a diverse abundance of life.

Chair Wilhelm MerckManaging Member Essex Timber CompanyTreasurer, Merck Family Fund

Vice ChairThomas E. LovejoyBiodiversity ChairH. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment

TreasurerJoseph R. RobinsonManaging DirectorMidMark Capital

MembersJohn H. AdamsFounding DirectorNatural Resources Defense Council

Stephen T. CurwoodHost, Living On EarthWorld Media Foundation

Iris FangerDance & Theater Historian and Critic

Scott J. GoetzDeputy Director, Senior ScientistWoods Hole Research Center

Joshua R. GoldbergGeneral Counsel and Managing DirectorFinanco, Inc.

Stuart GoodePrivate Investor

David HawkinsDirector, Climate CenterNatural Resources Defense Council

Robert Max HolmesSenior ScientistWoods Hole Research Center

Lily Rice HsiaConsultantMather & Hsia

Lawrence S. HuntingtonChairman EmeritusFiduciary Trust International

Karen C. LambertEnvironmentalist, Political Activist

Victoria LowellCommunity Leader, Conservationist

Merloyd LudingtonPublisher and EditorMerloyd Lawrence Books

William MoomawProgram Director and Professor of International Environmental PolicyFletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Tufts University

Jeremy Oppenheim Director, Sustainability and Resource Productivity McKinsey & Company

Amy ReganPresidentHarbourton Foundation

Constance R. Roosevelt Conservationist

Tedd SaundersPresident, Eco-Logical SolutionsChief Sustainability Officer The Saunders Hotel Group

ClerkR. J. LymanPresidentGeneral Compression, Inc.

Honorary DirectorsAnita W. Brewer-SiljeholmNeal A. BrownJohn CantlonJoel HornJames MacNeillMary Louise MontgomeryGilman OrdwayGordon RussellRoss SandlerHelen B. SpauldingJ.G. SpethRobert G. StantonM.S. SwaminathanOla Ullsten

FounderGeorge M. Woodwell


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StaffActing President

Richard A. Houghton, Ph.D.

Deputy Director

Scott J. Goetz, Ph.D.

Science Staff

Alessandro Baccini, Ph.D.

Jesse Bishop, M.S.

I. Foster Brown, Ph.D.

Ekaterina Bulygina, M.S.

Glenn K. Bush, Ph.D.

Oliver Cartus, Ph.D.

Michael T. Coe, Ph.D.

Craig T. Connolly, B.A.

Tina A. Cormier, M.S.

Jill Derwin, M.E.M.

Gregory J. Fiske, M.S.

Carol Franco, Ph.D.

Kevin Guay, B.S.

Robert Max Holmes, Ph.D.

Holly Hughes, B.S.

Patrick Jantz, Ph.D.

Josef M. Kellndorfer, Ph.D.

Melaine Kermarc, B.Sc.

Wendy Kingerlee, B.S.

Nadine T. Laporte, Ph.D.

Paul A. Lefebvre, M.A.

Marcia N. Macedo, Ph.D.

Susan M. Natali, Ph.D.

Prajjwal Panday, Ph.D.

Johanne Pelletier, Ph.D.

Amanda E. W. Poston, B.A.

Kathleen Savage, M.Sc.

Robert G.M. Spencer, Ph.D.

Thomas A. Stone, M.A.

Emma Suddick, Ph.D.

Wayne S. Walker, Ph.D.

Scott Zolkos, B.A.

Administrative Staff

Elizabeth H. Bagley

Tracy A. Barquinero

Florence Carlowicz

Annalisa Eisen

Michael Ernst

Stanley Hammond

Duane H. Martin

Joyce McAuliffe

Kristin P. McLaughlin

Robert J. Mollenhauer

Lisa Strock O’Connell

Fred Palmer

Melanie B. Powers

Camille M. Romano

Allison B. White

Eunice Youmans


Allison B. White, Manager of Administration, Sponsored Research Officer

Fourteen years ago, I was hired – and inspired – by the Center’s founder, George M. Woodwell. We went right to work on his book, “Forests in a Full World,” and I plunged willy-nilly into the WHRC way of life, trying to make sense of carbon sinks and CO2 levels, deforestation and land use change around the globe, remote sensing and GIS. Before long, the Center, its people, and its purpose got under my skin. Over the years, WHRC has informed the way I think about everything.

Over the years, WHRC has informed the way I think about everything.

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This classic exchange portrays a unique challenge encountered byWHRC scientists in a new partnership with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It invites the question: Why is a scientific research organization practicing community development in Africa? The answer: Sometimes you have to get involved in things you least expect in order to get to where you want to go – much like Alice disappearing down the rabbit hole.

The Congo rainforest, second in area only to the Amazon, is a tremendous reservoir of biodiversity. However, this still mostly pristine land now faces intense pressure from development. With nearly one-third of the Congo marked for logging, and other large areas deemed suitable for oil palm plantations, the region is on the cusp of drastic change that threatens its forests. In social and economic terms, the DRC potential for rapid economic growth, and the resulting impacts of deforestation, are similar in many ways to Brazil in the 1960s. In an effort to avoid a repeat of forest destruction on a similar scale, WHRC is exerting new efforts on people, agriculture, and forest conservation in the DRC.

A majority of the population lives in poverty in this central African country of 68 million people, including an estimated four million families of subsistence farmers. For generations, local farmers have cut down small areas of forest to grow crops, abandoned the fields when they became infertile, and moved on to clear new forest plots. As the population has grown, this traditional approach to agriculture has become overly destructive. Population growth is also generating a domestic demand for food and fuel that exceeds what local farmers and harvesting of forest resources can supply. WHRC is working to provide alternative methods for improved

management of agriculture and forests so villagers can generate the crops and income they need while leaving nearby rainforests standing, thus promoting a path to “green” economic growth. Earlier this year, WHRC opened its first field office, located on the edge of the Congo forest in the town of Mbandaka in Equateur Province, with the goal of working directly with local villagers to develop a novel means for reducing poverty while minimizing deforestation. It’s not an easy locale from which to run a field office, but it is where the people and the forest converge, and where the future of development and conservation in the Congo will be determined. Over the next two years, WHRC scientists Dr. Nadine Laporte and Dr. Glenn Bush will oversee the Equateur Project, working together with local residents, churches, universities, and community officials to assist the DRC government in

implementing a pilot forest management project for individual communities.

The project works with households to develop community-based actions to halt deforestation under the national

Growing a Green Economy“Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” - Alice. “That depends a good deal on where you want to get to.” - The Cheshire Cat. - Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

With a seemingly endless supply of forest, villagers have traditionally used inefficient methods to grow crops.

Territory of the DRC and location of Equateur Province.


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Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) policy. This approach differs from other REDD+ pilots in DRC, which either focus on private landowners with large land holdings or on the central objective of conservation around protected areas. Because a large amount of carbon emissions currently generated from forest loss are a result of small holder farming activities, a community based approach to REDD+ implementation is envisioned to be the cornerstone of a successful national strategy.

The implementation of REDD+ policies in the DRC poses an important yet daunting challenge for Drs. Bush and Laporte: rural villagers must freely agree to participate in the forest management program, yet they have little knowledge of or experience with forest conservation

concepts or technology. “Suggesting to poor, rural households that they stop using local forest resources would impose significant constraints on their livelihoods, and we would not get much voluntary traction without additional support and education,” observes Dr. Bush. “REDD+ ultimately provides financial incentives to make those changes, but we must first have the community’s consent.” WHRC is developing a participatory approach known as FPIC (Free Prior and Informed Consent), a step-by-step process that teaches communities about the socio-cultural and environmental impacts of a REDD+ project and helps villagers understand their rights, roles and responsibilities in the design and implementation of the project, as well as expected benefits.

The process begins with building local

awareness about climate change and the role of tropical forests, then examining the local drivers of deforestation and key development challenges. By methodically surveying from village to village, and listening to households describe their needs for forest and agricultural products, Dr. Bush is creating a solid foundation of household economic data needed to develop sustainable farming and forestry practices that will ultimately benefit both the land and the people of the Congo.

In the past, most forest conservation projects have focused on national parks, and most development projects have focused on agriculture or health services. Unfortunately, few of these efforts have succeeded in Africa, because such programs have tended to treat forests, agriculture, and people separately.

WHRC works to educate communities about the benefits of leaving forests intact, as the future of development and conservation in the Congo will be determined at this local level.

“Suggesting to poor, rural households that they stop using local forest resources would impose significant constraints on their livelihoods, and we would not get much voluntary traction without additional support and education.”

Territory of the DRC and location of Equateur Province.


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WHRC’s Equateur Project is unique in that it combines all of these approaches in an integrated design. The pilot program in Mbandaka is working to promote a new grassroots culture of sustainability as a way to help conserve a vast block of pristine African forest and implement the foundations of a sustainable economy. The education and training of village farmers on improved management of croplands and sustainable extraction of forest products are imperative for balancing simultaneous conservation and development, both locally and regionally.

The Equateur Project will provide scientifically-documented insights into how rural development and environmental management can work together toward a green economy, including the development

of a national forest carbon strategy. Conserving the Congo forest will also provide global benefits by maintaining habitat that stores carbon, moderates global climate change, and preserves much of the Earth’s diversity of plants and animals. “It’s a unique opportunity to apply our science to an integrated environmental, management, and development program like REDD+ at a community level. The synergies between WHRC’s research and community development will help to plan projects that are effective, efficient and equitable,” remarked Dr. Laporte. “The project will also provide vital scientific research to support the DRC as it develops national land use policies and programs focused on a green economy.” Sometimes you have to get involved in things you least expect in order to get to where you want to go.


From Science to ActionIn the long term, a global solution to carbon emissions will come through grassroots movements. To date, the scientific information about carbon emissions has not been enough for the leaders of most countries to implement appropriate energy and climate policies. In order to make a difference, scientists must engage at all levels of society and create a flow of information that will empower local communities and grassroots organizations around the world to engage and push governments to curb climate change. With the Internet, our planet has become much smaller, and we have the potential to share information, organized in new ways, and influence decision makers. In the end, it’s about developing a shared vision for the future of the Earth and deciding what we most desire as our legacy to future generations. It’s about learning to work together across cultural, religious, economic, and political divides.

Nadine Laporte, Associate Scientist

How or why did I get involved in this? Everything seems insurmountable. But then I remember something I read when I was quite young: Do you know the pile-built village where the sago dealers trade? Do you know the reek of fish and wet bamboo? Do you know the steaming stillness of the orchid–scented glade? When the blazoned, bird-winged butterflies flap through? It is there that I am going… to my palms and flying foxes… For the Red Gods call me out and I must go! - Rudyard Kipling, Feet of the Young Men

Suddenly, after wondering why I left my family thousands of miles behindin the freezing spring of the northern latitudes, it all becomes apparent… so that my daughters, amongst others, might sense the same things I have enjoyed.

Field Notes entry on March 18, 2013, by Glenn Bush, Assistant Scientist, while in Mbandaka, DRC.

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My experiences have inspired me... I find studying the interactions between Earth systems and climate change a stimulating and rewarding field of research because it enables me to explore the planet and address questions of global importance. In my two years at WHRC, I have been able to engage in a diversity of research. Currently, my projects range from helping to synthesize model projections of forest redistribution under climate change to characterizing the chemistry of the Arctic’s largest rivers. I worked in the Siberian Arctic as a member of the Polaris Project, where my 4,000-mile journey from Moscow to Cherskiy placed in stark perspective the vastness of fragile permafrost-dominated landscapes. I am similarly driven to understand the impacts of climate change on unique landscapes through my involvement in research exploring the vulnerability of U.S. national park ecosystems to climate and land use change. I find the conservation aspect of this project particularly interesting, as the expected redistribution of eastern US tree species could have considerable impacts on human health, biodiversity, and the economy. My experiences have inspired me to pursue graduate studies, with the goal of becoming a scientist and an educator. At WHRC, I have gained skills, tools, and confidence to continue the pursuit of my scientific ambitions while being part of a team that is passionate about studying the global environment to create a better world.

Scott Zolkos graduated from Middlebury College (Vermont) in 2011 with a degree in Environmental Science. He came to WHRC as a Research Assistant in the fall of 2011 and within a year was first author on a refereed scientific paper.


I love my job. As an environmental scientist, I am interested in understanding the global carbon cycle and how humans and our activities are changing it. I love my job. Every day, I get to work on important questions that have ramifications for everyone on Earth. To answer these questions, I travel to field sites across the globe, from the Congo to Alaska, the Amazon, and Siberia. I am frequently in remote fieldwork locations and spend countless months away from my family, but I get to witness firsthand what most people only see reported in the media: how humans are altering the global carbon cycle. Understanding how changes in the carbon cycle impact climate – and what this means for humanity – is really the key question of our time.

Robert Spencer, Associate Scientist

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The National Park Service was established more than 150 years ago and comprises nearly 400 parks across the United States. Its two-pronged mission is to make these national treasures accessible to all and to preserve them for future generations. Today, Park Service managers are faced with a question that was unforeseen when the first parks were established in the latter part of the 1800s: How should these valuable natural resources be managed when climate conditions are unlike any experienced in the history of the parks? Put in the context of their mission, in what condition will these forests be preserved for future generations? This challenge cuts across traditional, jurisdictional park bound-aries and short term planning horizons, and requires a more forward- and outward-looking shift in management priorities.

In eastern US parks, the extraordinary diversity of forests is a result of unique combinations of temperature and rainfall distributed over breathtaking mountainous terrain from Alabama to Maine. However, early effects of climate change are already visible. Spruce-Fir forests, relics from a time when the climate was cooler and wetter, are now restricted to high peaks in the Appalachians. These majestic forests are expected to face more difficult growing conditions as the climate continues to warm and precipitation

patterns change. What will happen to these forests and to the wildlife that depends on them? Will the climate zones in which they flourish move northward, or disappear altogether? These very real concerns mark a shift by the Park Service from managing for the status quo to managing for the future, and from managing within park boundaries to managing across park boundaries.

To help preserve and manage these valuable assets, the Woods Hole Research Center is providing the National Park Service with manpower and technical capacity in conjunction with its Landscape Climate Change-Vulnerability Project (LCC-VP). The project is divided into western and eastern US components. Senior Scientist Scott Goetz is leading the eastern effort, assisted by Postdoctoral Fellow Patrick Jantz, Research Associate Tina Cormier and Research Assistant Scott Zolkos. The LCC-VP encompasses four eastern national parks: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Shenandoah National Park, Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River, and the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, all of which harbor many unique species and comprise one of the most biologically diverse areas in the country.

The goal of this three-year project is to integrate climate, land

Wealth Management The National Park Service Addresses Climate Change

Prolonged drought has made Fraser Fir trees in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park vulnerable to beetle attack, a situation likely to be exacerbated by climate change.


National parks and other forests could be depleted of the rich biodiversity they contain.

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use, and ecosystem models to identify the current and expected future effects of climate and land use change on forests. WHRC researchers are modeling various growing conditions for a number of key forest types found in these national parks: Pine-Oak, Spruce-Fir, Cove Hardwood, Northern Hardwood, Oak-Hickory, and Eastern Hemlock. The wealth of scientific data produced will include predicted monthly climate data through the year 2100 and satellite-generated maps of current and future habitat suitability, forest vulnerability, and connectivity of parks via forest habitats.

The models forecast growing conditions for each forest type under different scenarios. One viable scenario the Park Service could be challenged with is that of warmer temperature and less rainfall. Over the next 100 years, this could cause evergreen forests to decline and deciduous tree populations to grow in their place. Although there will still be trees in the forest, they will be neither the food source nor habitat for the native wildlife population. WHRC models will help determine whether and when current climate conditions in a given park may appear in other parks in the future. This would help in managing the transition from park to park of species in need of suitable climate and habitat. Park managers would gain a better understanding of which species could be expected to survive in their current location with a warmer climate, such as southern red oak, and which species would be more vulnerable, such as sugar maple, requiring more active management, for example through seed transplants to other park areas in a more favorable climate.

Through its partnership with the Woods Hole Research Center, the National Park Service is striving to protect its vast wealth of natural areas from the potential impacts of climate change. If, as current research suggests, many species have a difficult time surviving under altered climate conditions, our national parks and other forests could be depleted of the rich biodiversity they contain. Although the face of forests in the future could change, data sets and decision-making tools generated by the

project can help identify species in greatest jeopardy and aid in adaptation planning. This will maximize the chances that future generations will also experience diverse, resilient, productive and healthy forests.

Sugar Maple forests could be depleted in the future due to their greater vulnerability to climate fluctuations.

Growing up in Knoxville, TN, on a clear day, from the top of a hill above my house, I could see the peaks and ridges of the Appalachian Mountains marching toward the horizon. I could also see the links between my suburban neighborhood - filled with Tulip Poplars, Dogwoods, Magnolias, and Oaks - and forests of the same trees in the Smokies, where we would go for picnics and hikes on weekends. I knew little of climate change then, but as I look back, I realize that the beauty, productivity, and diversity of my back yard were affected by the same global processes as those affecting the Smokies. We can’t know for sure what the future will bring, but the real power of state-of-the-art climate and land use models, impressive as they are in their technical sophistication, lies in the discussions they provoke and the decisions they influence, which will determine whether we take an active, cross boundary approach in managing for climate change or whether we let the seeds fall where they may.

Patrick Jantz, Postdoctoral Fellow


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Deforestation of mature tropical forests in Indonesia increased rapidly with the introduction of oil palm plantations, depleting carbon stocks and exacerbating greenhouse gas emissions.

Recycle This New Use for Degraded LandsBalancing the fundamental trade-offs between meeting human needs and maintaining healthy ecosystems is increasingly difficult as the world’s population and corresponding food requirements continue to expand at a rapid pace. Indonesia is a documented example of the tensions created by such a balancing act. Ranked sixth largest among developing countries, Indonesia has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It is home to more than 238 million people, making it the world’s fourth most populous country. At the same time, Indonesia contains huge wilderness areas that support the world’s second highest level of biodiversity, after Brazil.

To the chagrin of conservationists, deforestation has been rampant in Indonesia for years. In 1900, forests encompassed 84% of total land area. Yet in less than a century, forested lands declined by 42% or 278,000 square miles, an area larger than the state of Texas. Although some forest is cut down annually for local use by indigenous communities, much of Indonesia’s deforestation is caused by forest clearing for oil palm plantations. Oil palms are native to Western Africa, but

these trees can flourish wherever there is abundant heat and rainfall. Palm oil and palm kernel oil are harvested for use in numerous products worldwide including baked goods, confectionery, cosmetics, body products, cleaning agents, and biofuel. Together, Indonesia and Malaysia account for 85% of global palm oil production.

Oil palm agro-industries could choose to build their expansive plantations on non-forested land, but logging of forests to make way for the oil palm fields has, historically, provided a secondary profit center to palm oil commercial ventures. In an effort to steer the agro-industry toward more sustainable agricultural practices, Assistant Scientist Alessandro Baccini and Research Associate Greg Fiske are developing a novel approach to pinpoint future sites for commercial agricultural development. As Dr. Baccini explains, “For years, ecologists and conservationists told industries where not to expand, with the intent of keeping industrial development out of ecologically valuable lands. For the first time, with this study, we say where it’s okay to go.” It begins with a map, but it’s hardly an ordinary map.


Across the tropics, there is sufficient degraded land to meet agricultural expansion for the next 50 years.

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Red areas on the map above show degraded lands that are suitable for new agricultural expansion. Over 4 million hectares, or 15,000 square miles, of degraded land has been identified as being reusable.

Early in 2012, WHRC completed a three year effort to generate a map of aboveground biomass for tropical countries. In basic terms, the map serves as a baseline to gauge the amount of carbon stored in the vegetation across the tropics, the most heavily forested region of the world. It is the product of on-the-ground measurements of trees in South America, Africa, and Asia combined with data recorded from two satellites orbiting the Earth. It is the most advanced, state-of-the-art map of tropical forest biomass currently available. These datasets now make it possible to evaluate and monitor future changes in carbon stocks and associated emissions on a global scale. The governments of Acre and Mato Grosso States in Brazil, Cross River State in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Colombia, Peru, Mexico, and Indonesia have all employed WHRC’s pantropical biomass map to better understand and manage their forest capital.

Now, Dr. Baccini and colleagues at the World Wildlife Fund plan to take this valuable data to a new level and a new focus, as they work to reconcile biodiversity and agricultural priorities by identifying degraded forest areas suitable for large-scale agricultural expansion in the tropics. In addition to being rich in plant and animal life, mature tropical forests also have high carbon stocks and are estimated to store 228 billion tons of carbon. Retaining these carbon stocks is widely seen as critical to holding greenhouse gas emissions in check to mitigate global climate change. “Because such degraded land has already

lost the majority of its carbon stock and biodiversity, which can take decades or even centuries to recover and mature, these areas are of limited conservation value relative to intact forests,” notes Dr. Baccini. “However, with techniques now available to improve soil fertility, drainage, and sustainability, once these degraded forests are identified, they can be made suitable for agriculture.” WHRC studies indicate that across the tropics there is sufficient degraded land to meet agricultural expansion for the next 50 years.

Future development of oil palm plantations through this approach requires accurate spatial planning data in order to create a comprehensive map and database of degraded lands. By explicitly identifying degraded forests, the Aboveground Live Woody Biomass map works in tandem with previously identified conservation set-asides to address the dual challenge of preserving tropical forests and the globally important carbon storage they provide while augmenting food production. In Indonesia alone, over 4 million hectares (approximately the size of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island combined) of degraded land have already been identified as potentially reusable. With appropriate safeguards, it is hoped that this simple, transparent output will help the agro-industry address the urgent need to increase production of food, fiber and biofuels, while balancing the need for sustainable agriculture practices, forest preservation, and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.


Indonesia: Aboveground Live Woody Biomass

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PEP Talk The global challenges facing our lands and oceans cut across all social, cultural, economic, political and geographical boundaries. However, a lack of representation across these areas exists within the scientific communities that strive to address these challenges. In 2004, the six scientific institutions in Woods Hole - Woods Hole Research Center, Sea Education Association, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - pledged to work together to create “pathways of opportunity” to attract a broader spectrum of scientific talent to the ocean and environmental sciences. Through this pledge, the Partnership in Education Program (PEP) was born. PEP brings undergraduate students from historically underrepresented groups to Woods Hole for a summer program titled “Ocean and Environmental Sciences: Global Climate Change.”

WHRC scientists Dr. Wayne Walker, Dr. Alessandro Baccini, and Kathleen Savage volunteer their time each year to teach an introductory PEP course on forest carbon measurement, both above and below ground. Carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, is increasing in the atmosphere and is a primary contributor to global warming. WHRC’s course introduces PEP students to satellite remote sensing and how it is used to estimate aboveground forest carbon. Through a soil pit built in the forest, students also discover how carbon is stored in differing soil layers below

ground and how it is released from soils via respiration processes. By teaching this group of learners how carbon moves through the forest, and how that cycle may be impacted in the future, WHRC works to heighten students’ interest in the challenges emerging from a changing climate.

Peter Ndunda is a Technical Program Manager in Nairobi for the Clinton Climate Initiative, the Clinton Foundation.

A Scholar’s Impact in Kenya When local people acquire appropriate technical skills, they can make a difference in their community and around the world. Peter Ndunda participated in WHRC’s Pantropical Scholars Program to learn from a team of top scientists about new approaches in monitoring and measuring forest carbon stock and biomass.

While at WHRC, I shared with the scientists and my fellow scholars my desire to go back to the Green Belt Movement in Kenya to use the skills I acquired during this program to make a difference.

Upon my return to Nairobi, I organized the first regional “training of trainers” workshop on forest monitoring and carbon biomass measurement, thus helping to build the scientific knowledge of local communities. This workshop also brought together a team of scientists from WHRC to train government officials and local and international NGOs on various forest monitoring techniques.

Inspired by the techniques learned at the WHRC Pantropical Scholars Program, and the multiplier effect of the program in supporting the conservation of forest resources in Kenya, I recently joined the Clinton Climate Initiative to support the development of the first national system for estimation of land-based emissions for Kenya.

Science Education Initiatives at

I have been an instructor for PEP students since the pro-gram’s inception in 2009. I feel that I have learned as much from my students as they have from me. It’s invigorating to be among young scientists starting out along their chosen career paths, finding their voices, and learning to question everything. Kathleen Savage, Research Associate


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Arctic System Scientists We are just beginning to understand the magnitude of the impact of arctic ecosystem changes on the Earth’s climate. Increasing fire frequency, thawing permafrost, and melting sea ice are altering the face of the Arctic at a pace that is faster than scientists had projected. Ultimately, ecosystem changes in the Arctic, such as greenhouse gas emissions from thawing permafrost, play a central role in the Earth’s climate. Advancing sound scientific knowledge about the complexity of arctic ecosystems, the role of human activities in shaping these systems, and the impact of a changing arctic on global climate requires considerable research efforts by a community of scientists working toward a common goal.

Through undergraduate education initiatives such as WHRC’s Polaris Project, we are expanding this dedicated scientific community by training the next generation of arctic scientists, who will build on our current knowledge and generate new understanding of the arctic system. Mentoring students is an integral part of the scientific process, and combining research and education is the only path toward achieving these goals. Polaris Project alumni are now advancing to graduate school, obtaining national recognition through science fellowships, and becoming emerging leaders in the field of arctic system science. With a focus on student research and hands-on education, WHRC is a leader in training this next generation of arctic system scientists.

Making a Difference Throughout my life, I have been driven to make a difference in the world. I thought of becoming a veterinarian, but my aspirations shifted after being exposed to environmental science and climate change. I was a participant in the Polaris Project, a summer research program for undergraduate students run by the Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC), which gave me the opportunity to work with scientists from Russia, the UK, the Netherlands, and the US. Working with an international group of scientists was in itself rewarding, and to do so in the region of the world most affected by the changes in climate we were investigating was a life-changing experience. I returned to college awestruck by my experience and determined to continue studying arctic system science.

This past summer, I worked as an intern at WHRC with Dr. Robert Spencer to study both temperate and arctic biogeochemistry. We collected soil samples from the temperate Harvard Forest in Petersham, Mass., and worked with samples collected by Dr. Spencer at his field site in Alaska in order to investigate how soil characteristics influence the movement of carbon throughout an ecosystem. My work with Dr. Spencer has been incredibly rewarding for me as a young scientist, as it allowed me to learn a great deal about both the science behind our work and scientific research process. My internship has distinguished me from my

peers as I gained invaluable research experience and interacted with professionals on a daily basis in my field of interest. WHRC has given me the experience I need to prepare for graduate school studies in environmental science.

Maddie LaRue is a senior at the College of the Holy Cross, where she is majoring in biology with a minor in chemistry and a concentration in environmental studies.

Science Education Initiatives at Education and international collaboration are central to the mission of the Woods Hole Research Center. Through outreach and capacity building, we engage with students, educators, indigenous groups, government agencies, and other non-profit institutions around the world as an essential part of our work.

When I first saw the thawing permafrost cliffs eroding into the Kolyma River in Siberia, I was both captivated by the dynamics of this changing arctic ecosystem and humbled by the scope of the climate impacts that are already underway. When I work with undergraduate students through the Polaris Project in Siberia and at my climate change experiment in Alaska, I recognize this same sense of awe and purpose in them. This is what motivates their research – and mine.

Susan Natali, Assistant Scientist


Work15

WHRC Collaborates with Mark RuffaloIn July, Deputy Director Scott Goetz and Director of External Affairs Eunice Youmans teamed up with actor Mark Ruffalo to produce the voice over for a new video about WHRC.

In addition to his renown as an actor, Ruffalo has become a spokesperson for environmental concerns surrounding hydraulic fracturing. After moving with his family to a farm in upstate New York, Ruffalo discovered that the property sits on the Marcellus Shale, one of the richest natural gas sites in the world. Extracting the gas involves the controversial drilling process known as fracking, in which millions of gallons of water and chemicals are injected into the shale under high pressure. Opponents of the process argue that fracking contaminates water wells and local water sources, among other impacts. Ruffalo has been working to prevent gas drilling permits from being issued in New York, and has co-founded Water Defense, whose mission is to fight “the broader trend toward extreme and destructive fossil fuel practices.”

After a day of working with the actor in New York City, Dr. Goetz observed, “Mark is just the nicest, down to earth, likable guy you can imagine. He is passionate about the environment, and that really comes through in speaking with him. We left feeling like we were friends on a common mission.”

Deputy Director Scott Goetz and Director of External Affairs Eunice Youmans teamed up with actor Mark Ruffalo to produce the voice over for a new video about WHRC. The video can be viewed at www.whrc.org.

Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren at WHRC

Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren visited WHRC on August 2, 2013, for a tour of the Center and to meet with a group of scientists to learn more about climate change. She is pictured with, from left, Tom Stone, Skee Houghton, Josef Kellndorfer and Michael Coe.

Happenings


16

Cape Cod & Islands Climate Change and Energy ConferenceThe first Cape Cod and Islands Climate Change and Energy Conference was held on September 24 in Hyannis, Mass. Nearly 200 participants attended the conference, which focused on the upcoming challenges that climate change is bringing to this uniquely vulnerable area.

The goal of the conference was to find common ground among stakeholders concerning regional risks and to discuss the need to reduce fossil fuel emissions. With the lessons of Hurricane Sandy still vividly in mind, the conference examined threats the region faces from rising sea levels, storm surges, flooding and coastal erosion. There were presentations from coastal geologists and engineers, regional planners from Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, insurance experts, coastal zone managers, and clean energy experts. The economic costs of climate change, possible adaptation options, and mitigation through the use of renewable energy were also examined.

Scientist Emeritus Tom Stone developed the agenda, secured the presenters, and procured funding from several New England foundations and the Association to Preserve Cape Cod. Deputy Director Scott Goetz gave the opening remarks at the conference and Senior Scientist Michael Coe moderated the final session. Based on the encouraging comments received following the conference, Mr. Stone is working with local planning partners to develop follow-up meetings and examining the viability of the conference becoming an annual event.

Representatives of the Cape and Islands addressed regional plans and challenges related to the impacts of climate change at the September 24 conference. Pictured seated, left to right: Andrew Vorce, Director of Planning, Nantucket; Mark London, Martha’s Vineyard Commission; Ryan Bennett, Cape Cod Commission. Standing: Ed DeWitt, Director of the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, and Tom Stone, Scientist Emeritus at the Woods Hole Research Center and conference organizer.


Spotlight on Cronig’s Market Vineyard Haven, Mass.

Canopy asked Cronig’s Market owner Steve Bernier why he thinks making the magazine available in his store is good business. Here’s what Steve had to say:

To me, this gesture helps embody the change we all have to get on with, that is, getting away from thinking the federal government is going to take care of us. We need to ‘take care of us’ by taking care of this planet. And it’s about time we get to work. I like to see people pick up Canopy. It’s loaded with information and helps us get educated. It’s important to understand what’s going on around us and to ask, ‘How can I do something, because I care about the environment and I want to help?’ I think we all feel that way. So, we will continue to work with WHRC and pass out Canopy to communicate and to educate in the hope that we can create critical mass to create change. Change is not going to come from having the President sign something. Change is going to come through people acting as good citizens and good stewards of this planet. That is why we need WHRC and Canopy Magazine.

Steve Bernier has owned Cronig’s Market since 1986 and is a longtime supporter of WHRC.

17

In Fiscal Year 2013 the Woods Hole Research Center received another unmodified (unqualified) audit opinion from the external audit firm Calibre CPA Group, with no management comments or deficiencies. It is the opinion of the Board of Directors and Management that a strong business platform, including clean audits and internal controls, provides the foundation for exceptional science.

WHRC donors demonstrated their confidence in the institution by providing more than $1.3 million in unrestricted funds to support entrepreneurial science, innovation and exploration. WHRC scientists, in turn, used unrestricted funds to, among other things, broaden projects in the Arctic and open an office and begin operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Unrestricted funds also supported the Center’s two community lecture series, “Sustainability” and “Environmental Tipping Points,” each

featuring eminent WHRC scientists and attended by hundreds of engaged citizens.

Temporarily restricted funds were spent down this fiscal year as certain foundation funded projects ended. Government funding once again played an important role while alternative sources were also researched and identified.

As science evolves and new scientists are attracted to WHRC as a prominent and independent think tank, the needs of our scientists also evolve, and plans must be made for maintaining and upgrading laboratory facilities and equipment. WHRC is grateful for committed and informed donors who see the possibilities and help to support the solutions.

Full financial statements are available at:www.whrc.org/support/finance/html.


Financial Report

Statements of ActivitiesUnrestricted Temporarily

RestrictedPermanently

Restricted 2013 2012

Support and Revenue Government - $5,131,067 - $5,131,067 $4,991,351 Foundations and Individual Donations

$1,353,105 $2,335,378 $2,850 $3,691,333 $2,001,061

Investment Income $213,352 $558,432 - $771,784 $208,279 Donated Equipment $6,431 - - $6,431 $81,787 In-Kind Donations $35,340 - - $35,340 - Change in Value of Split-interest Agreements

($7,593) - - ($7,593) ($9,917)

Other Income $26,515 - - $26,515 $27,522 Net Assets Released from Restrictions

$7,840,684 ($7,840,684) - - -

Total Support and Revenue $9,467,834 $184,193 $2,850 $9,654,877 $7,300,083

Expenses Research Programs $6,902,959 - - $6,902,959 $7,866,948 General and Administrative $2,226,167 - - $2,226,167 $2,168,127 Development $594,527 - - $594,527 $816,151 Total Expenses $9,723,653 - - $9,723,653 $10,851,226Change in Net Assets ($255,819) $184,193 $2,850 ($68,776) ($3,551,143)

Net Assets Beginning of Year $7,420,952 $2,292,447 $3,673,829 $13,387,228 $16,938,371 End of Year $7,165,133 $2,476,640 $3,676,679 $13,318,452 $13,387,228

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$100,000+Charles R. O’Malley Charitable Lead TrustHarbourton FoundationGilman and Margaret Ordway

$50,000-$99,999Eric Davidson and Jean TalbertLawrence and Caroline HuntingtonAlbert and Katharine MerckWilhelm Merck and Nonie BradyAmy and James ReganJoseph and Marité RobinsonGordon Russell and Bettina McAdoo

$25,000-$49,999Anonymous (2)Worthington Campbell*Iris and Robert FangerPaul A. FaracaThe Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the EnvironmentFrancis and Victoria LowellAnna Wiancko-Chasman and Paul Chasman

$10,000-$24,999Cogan Family FoundationEndurance FoundationFoundation for the CarolinasAvram and Carol GoldbergJoshua Goldberg, Trustee, Goldberg Family Foundation/Rabb FoundationsStuart Goode and Nancy CooleyBenjamin and Ruth HammettEsmond Harmsworth Horizon FoundationJ. Atwood and Elizabeth IvesLinden Trust for ConservationMonique LiuzziJohn Myers and Merloyd LudingtonFred and Alice StanbackTrust for Mutual Understanding

$5,000 - $9,999Acacia Conservation FundGreg AlexanderMatthew and Brooke BarzunWarner Music NashvilleMichael Fanger and Linda SattelDan and Bunny GabelSpencer Glendon and Lisa TungSerena HatchJohn and Lily Rice HsiaTimothy and Joan IngrahamSam and Karen LambertLawrence FoundationJeremy OppenheimTed and Connie RooseveltMary Waterman and William Lunt

Whalesback FoundationJames Worth

$1,000 - $4,999 AnonymousRobert and Alison AmentMichael and Margherita BaldwinRhoda BaruchWendy Benchley and John JeppesonThe Benjamin FamilyStephen BernierThe Boston FoundationAnita Brewer-SiljeholmJames and Ruth ClarkSally CrossKen and Linda DavidsonMichael and Dudley Del BalsoEastern FundingRobert Epstein and Amy RothBob and Randi FisherTimothy J. Floyd*Geoffrey Freeman and Marjorie FindlayAristides and Elizabeth GeorgantasScott Goetz and Nadine LaporteSibyl GoldenThomas and Virginia GreggJohn and Polly GuthGordon and Carolyn HallGeorge and Marina HatchBayard and Julie HenryArt and Eloise HodgesDavid Hoover and Carol SwensonRichard and Susan HoughtonHamilton and Edith KeanSara Lawrence-Lightfoot and Irving HamerSeth and Sarah LedermanDavid and Dana LeeThomas LovejoyR.J. and Leslie LymanMarilyn MacLeodMarvin and Annette Lee FoundationCynthia K. McGrathMary Louise and Charles MontgomeryWilliam and Margot MoomawWilliam and Mary Sue MorrillAbigail NormanElizabeth & Frank Odell Family Fund of the Community Foundation of Collier CountyDavid O’Donahoe and Diane PientaMartin and Joan PersonEugene and Diana PinoverPisces FoundationMelanie Powers and Rick and Paul PresbreyJack and Anne RabinowitzWinthrop and Mary RutherfurdTedd and Ella SaundersStephen* and Bonnie Simon

Superior Nut Company, Inc.Gerard and Mary SwopeThe Atlantic Philanthropies “the Fund”The Bunbury CompanyEdward and Penny ThomasMartin and Laura WattenbergWoodcock P. FoundationGeorge and Katharine WoodwellWorld Service Meditation Group Environmental FundMary and Redwood Wright

$500 - $999Anonymous (4)John and Patricia AdamsPhilip Balboni and Elizabeth HoughtelingTim Barclay and Beth TaylorBrandeis UniversityThomas and Ann CoeFerdinand Colloredo-MansfeldMolly N. CornellNancy CorralMichael and Marcia CorriganMurray and Judith DanforthLawrence and Regina DelVecchioGriswold and Heather DrazBradford and Dorothea EndicottDonald J. and Sheila S. EvansArthur and Linda GelbRichard and Constance GiesserJane HallowellRobert and Marion HowardMargaret and Robert HuskinsDavid Isenberg and Paula BlumenthalSandra KinetRobert Kirsch and Anne RennerCarl and Joanne LeamanDavid and Sheila ManischewitzNawrie Meigs-Brown and David BrownHarriet MeissJosephine Merck and James StevensonHenriette MontgomeryCharles and Sarah MorganRuth I. MortonPeter and Virginia NicholasCarol O’NeilJeffrey and Susan ParkerRobert and Pamela PelletreauDavid and Laurie ReedAxel and Sara Lee SchupfNancy B. SouletteMargaret Evans Tuten FoundationUpstream FoundationRichard VerneyE. Andrew WildeRoger WilliamsDavid and Julie Worrell

We are deeply grateful to the individuals, foundations, and businesses listed on the following pages who supported us through gifts and pledges made during the Center’s fiscal year July 1, 2012 – June 30, 2013.


Donors19


$1-$499 Anonymous (23)John and Christine AbramsJonathan Aibel and Julie RohweinIngrid AkerblomCarla AlaniHerbert and Catherine AllardRobert and Helen AlsopDina AngressEllie and Rich ArmstrongDolores ArondD. E. AshBrian and Maria AspinwallDuncan and Dorothy AspinwallKathleen AveryDavid and Nancy BabinElizabeth and George BagleyKarel BalounRolf and Edda BandleLeo Tugan-BaranovskyAnne BarnesDavid and Laurie BarrettMarilee BassWilliam BeineckeNoah BenjaminRalph and Joyce BergerHoward and Deborah BernsteinPatrick Bernuth and Michelle McKennaAlden and Barbara BesseLee James Best, Jr.Olive BeverlyDon and Sharon BidwellMary BiggarGeorge BillingsDonald and Apline BirdJames and Barbara BirneyLinda BlackMilton and Sandra BlackingtonJim BlechmanWalter BoboFrancis and Margaret BowlesPeter BowmanAmy BradyJohn BraitmayerEmily BramhallCharles and Helen BresnahanSierra BrightEdward and Barbara BromleyHelen BrooksCelia Brown and Richard ZajchowskiThomas and Kathryn BrownDonata BudaEkaterina BulyginaStanley and Helen BurdAlan and Joyce BushWilliam ButlerDaniel ButterfieldMichael and Charlene CainMarjorie CairnsCarla-Lisa CaligaDiana CampbellJohn and Irene Cantlon

Cape Cod FoundationBen Carnevale and Joanne Blum-CarnevaleMargaret and Samuel CarrRobert and Myra CarrierPriscilla CaseCharles and Margaret ChaceJean ChapmanArsen and Marie CharlesGeorge and Dorothea ChidesterFrank and Julia ChildStarling and Michelle ChildsJane ChrisfieldNaomi ChurchJoseph and Geraldine ClaeysTom and Rachel ClaflinArthur ClarkRos ClarkJames and Ann ClearyBonnie ClendenningPaul Colinvaux and Llewellya HillisDean and Cynthia ConwayBruce CornishKathleen CoverJoseph CrimminsJeanne CrockerRobert and Claire CuddySteve Curwood and Jennifer Stevens-CurwoodJoseph DayWilliam and Patricia DayDavid and Mary DearbornJohn and Carol DeBraalPaul DestlerVirginia DevineDonald and Anita DickinsonNicholas and Bitten DillTimothy and Shelley DolanJoseph and Grace DonahuePatricia DonahuePatricia DonovanRichard and Jean DoubToni DoveDavid DowElizabeth DownsMichael Dryfoos and Ilga JansonsMartin DuganFrank Dunau and Amy DavisWilliam DvorakKevin and Carol EarlyFrank and Nancy EgloffDavid and Frances EinhornEd and Susan EpesJohn EustisMary Ellen FalkMichael and Lynne FarlowAlison FarrarStephen and Rosemary FassettKimball and Nancy FaulknerDavid and Doris FauschWarren Felt and Dolores ArondRichard FewkesCarolyn Fine and Jeremiah Friedman

David and Barbara FinkSharon FinzerDaphne Voss FisherSusan FisherGordon FitzgeraldDavid Folger and Janet Simons-FolgerDavid FordCharles and Maryanna FoskettElizabeth FossElvin FowellAlan and Anita FrankNancy FrazeAnn FreedbergNino and Dorothy FulgoniRuth FyeA. Mark GabrielePatricia GamacheStephen Gardner and Mary VoceMichael and MC GarfieldCarl and Nancy GewirzDonald and Ruth GlotzerElaine GoldmanJonathan and Nicole GoldmanDick GoodsonGerald and Betty GordonMarc and Carol GordonMichael and Karen GortonBonnie GosselsBenjamin and Sue GrahamHerbert and Colette GrammShelley GrangerFay C. GraningThe Grant FamilyAlan and Elizabeth Greenlan and Fran GreenglassJohn and Jane GriffithRobert and Virginia GuaraldiLorraine GyauchFlinn and Marisa HackettMelinda HallCharles and Ethel HamannAlbert and April HamelElizabeth HanleyEvelyn HansonStephen and Jane HardyStanley and Elaine HarlowMr. and Mrs. Dudley HarrisonLee and Rose HartmanAnne HarveyRobert F. HasseyDavid and Betsy HawkinsJoan Hazard and John DabrowskiElizabeth HealdJill HeathmanBonnie HeidelDavid and Alexis HeitmanKurt and Ruthann Hellfach

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George HelmholzJames and Lorna HendererBart and Jane HendersonBarbara Herbst Ralph HerbstDavid and Joan HerschfeldCharlene HerzerThomas and Mary HerzogAlfred and Winifred HesemeyerPhilip and Ann HeymannElizabeth HillsConrad and Nelda HinckleyThomas HirasunaAlan and Judith HoffmanLynne HogelandMax and Gabby HolmesAlan Houghton and Sky PapeGene and Harriet HowerMartha HumeDavid HuntingtonPatrick HurleyMark HurwitzNada HymanLynn JacksonCarolyn JacobsStanley and Dee JacobsAmbrose and Anna JearldConnie JohnsonD. Randolph JohnsonLeonard and Patricia JohnsonRaymond and Lola JohnsonSusan JohnsonAnthony and Elisabeth JonesBarbara JonesDick Jones and Vicki BokFloyd JuddRichard KacikJon and Barbara KaufmanRobert KayFred and Whitney KeenDennis and Joanne KeithKevin and Stephanie KennedyRobert A. KennedyDavid Kessler and Marianne WiserKaren KimberElizabeth KingStephen KingSteven KippermanJoan Pearlman and Peter KivyLewis and Lucie KleinhansCamilla KnappJames and Debra KrasnowRick and Kelly KrauseCalvin and Ilene KuninDonna KurodaAlbert and Sonia KutzinKW Botanicals

Diana and John LambPaul and Cynthia LambertLawrence and Hannah LangsamEllis and Harriet LapinGary LaRue and Susan BarrettFrancis and Marijean LauderdaleCharles and Patricia LawrenceSally M. LawtonAdrienne LeafJoseph Lee and Susan EisnerJulia LeeVictoria LeFevre and Gerald FineDr. Marian LeFevreEdwin and Judith LeonardRichard LeonardMelvin and Katherine LevineThomas LevineWilliam and Louise LidickerFrances LightsomJason and Linda LillegravenVito LipariDouglas and Kim LivolsiWilliam and Noelle LockeWhitney and Phillip LongNancy S. LovejoyLouise LuckenbillAllen LukeMaija M. Lutz and Peter A. TassiaFred and Judith MackenzieWilliam and Winnie MackeyMartha MackinDonald and Janna MacoyLee MaglottDouglas B. MaitlandCharles and Susanne MannPhilip MannKai and Marion MarcucelliPaul J. MarinMerle Ann MarionJonathan Marr and Rachel Sterne-MarrLeon and Marilee MartelNatalie MatherLinda MathesonMichael and Cecilia MathewsRobert MatthewJohn B. McAloonFrederick and Barbara McAlpineEdmund E. McCannMichael and Janet McClureJennifer and Stephen McCollomWallace and Nancy McCurdyMary McDonoughAlice McDowellVictor and Ruth McElhenyBarnabas and Bannon McHenryNadia McIntoshStuart McIntosh

Kristin and Kevin McLaughlinPatrick and Martha McLaughlinCornelia McMurtrieRobert and Anne McNeeceDavid and Barbara McPhelimRuth C. MeadLeonard and Beverly MeekerJonathan and Jane MeigsMaria MelecaMaryellen Meleca and Christine GrazianoJerry and Lalise MelilloFrederick MenkelloPete and Sara MerrillCaroline MeulyCathryn MicheliniRobin MilburnElwynn MillerMichael and Annette MillerSusan Miller and Lee KramerRosemary Minior-WalkerRodney and Suzanne MollElizabeth MolodovskyDonald and Sandra MonceviczAllan and Maria MonizDavid and Marilyn MooreMary Ann MooreC. Eldridge MorganKirstin Moritz and Rod HinkleChip and Susan MorseFrederic MortonThomas and Elizabeth MoseleyDay and Kathie MountVincent and Carol MurphyAllen MyersMark NaultVance and Marjorie NelsonJill NeubauerAnn Little NewburyJohn NoelRichard O’Connell and Susan PlayfairRoberta OdellJohn OfriaWilliam and Donna Marie OglesbyRobert OhlerkingNancy L. OlsenJohn and Karen O’NeilRenee and Kimberley O’SullivanCharles and Vicki OtisMelody PadgetDaniel PagathIsabel Barzun and Gavin ParfitBernard and Claudine ParisotJohn Parker and Maja PaumgartenJohn and Monica ParksFrederic ParsonsWalter and Ruth PaulJohn and Natalie Payne


21

Elizabeth PaynterHerta PaysonJoan PearlmanHarry and Helen PerrettaHeather PetersNancy PetersSusan PetersonHenry and June PfeifferAnn PilchPaul and Sandra PimentelDan and Joan PinckJerry and Sheila PlaceScott PlaceRoger and Serra May PlourdeChristopher and Pamela PolloniJerry and Barbara PorterWilliam PorterRex Pratt and Diane McMahon-PrattStephanie Prior and Robert Grosch Donald ProcterThe Prospect Hill FoundationGeorge PutnamJohn RichSarah Richards and Barbara LelandWalter RichardsMargaret RichardsonBarbara E. RiddochMary RingJohn and Marie RixonAlison RobbMimi RobinsSue RobinsonEric RoccarioHoward RocheJennifer RochePeter and Jane RodaJames and Dianne RoderickNancy RodriguezBob and Gabriela RomanowTerry RootRobert RoseMarc Rosenbaum and Jill De La HuntDavid and Edith RossPerry RossNicholas RossettosJoseph and Anna Mary RussoRichard Sailor and Mary JohnstonRoss and Alice SandlerMargaret SargenteNorma and Roger A. Saunders and The Saunders Family Charitable FundSusan SavageElizabeth SaymanEdward J. ScarvaloneDaniel and Paula SchillerCalvert SchlickJames and Lucy SchmeidlerNorman SchnayerJudith SchooleyJoel SchwartzMartin and Gladys Schwartz

David and Ruth ScottRichard and Joan ScottJohn SearsRichard and Lucille SeeleyDeborah Gates and Stephen SenftDr. and Mrs. Michael ShawDavid SheehanPeter and Anne SheldonPeter and Margaret SherinDaniel and Joanne ShivelyThomas and Heidi SikinaPeter SinclaireVivian Sinder-BrownSamuel Slade and Susan CoughlinMarcia SlatkinWesley and Nancy SmithRobert and Elizabeth SnowLouise Soares and Ruth SchiffmanJennifer Stamp and Tom AndersonWallace and Pamela StarkKenneth StasneyM. T. SteinGerald and Margaret SteinbergMargaret StephensTom and Judy StetsonDaphne T. StevensEdward StimpsonWesley and Patricia StimpsonMichael StonePaul W. Strecker and Gerard E. WoodingCaren SturgesMargaret SturtevantJay and Ruth SugermanHans and Eva-Maria TausigJared and Heather TausigChad and Laurel TewEdward and Elizabeth ThorndikeTimothy and Janet TraskEvelyn TynerJack and Uta ValpeyAlex and Landis Van AlenVera Van AttaMathias and Cornelia Van ThielLee and Cynthia VanceRamsay and Ann VehslageMartha VinickArthur and Joanne VoorhisLucia Rogers VorysJohn and Jane VoseEmily WadeStephen and Carol Ann WagnerMitzi WareGrace Kennan WarneckeDiana WeatherbyWilliam and Judith WeilLewin WertheimerAndreas and Denise Marie WesserleRuth WhippleJoan WickershamSugan Wigley and John BurnettJoanie Wiinblad

Thomas WilkinsonMarsden WilliamsRobert WilliamsJeff WilliamsBenjamin and Ann WilliamsonTom and Pat WillisNorman and Elizabeth WinskillFrederic and Susan WinthropEdward and Toby WollEric and Sandra WolmanJohn WoodwellGeorge Woolfe and Mary Patton-WoolfeMargaret WrightKeith and Deborah YorkeMargery ZaccheoLouise ZawadzkiErik and Linda ZettlerGlenn and Geraldine ZiegenfussMichael Zimmermann*Deceased

In-Kind ContributionsAstoria-Pacific, Inc.Cape Cod CommissionCurley Direct MailESRIPeak Racks, Inc.

Matching Gift OrganizationsBNY Mellon Community PartnershipFM Global FoundationGE FoundationJohnson and JohnsonMerck Partnership for Giving Microsoft Matching Gifts ProgramThe Pew Charitable TrustsYourCause LLC, Trustee for Hewlett-Packard

George Perkins Marsh Society Born in 1801, George Perkins Marsh was the first to draw attention to the notion that the natural menace to nature was humans themselves. He published his ideas in a book called Man and Nature in 1864, to wide acclaim. Still in print, it continues to influence our vision of the natural world. The Society, named in his honor, recognizes friends who have elected to partner in the Center’s future by supporting the Center through a life income gift, retirement plan, life insurance policy, or bequest.

Society members: Deborah Cernauskas, Robert Downs, Denny Emory, John Eustis, Dolores Arond and Warren Felt, Iris and Robert Fanger, David and Edith Ross, David Hoover and Carol Swenson, E. Andrew Wilde, George and Katharine Woodwell, Redwood and Mary Wright


22

Gifts In Honor Of

Foster Brownfrom Celia Brown and Richard Zajchowski, Mary Johnston, Richard Sailor

Neal Brownfrom Scott Goetz and Nadine Laporte

Katie Burkefrom Rob Matthew

George and Yara Cadwalader from Benjamin and Ann Williamson

Sarah Conwayfrom Dean and Cynthia Conway

Annalisa Eisenfrom George and Katharine Woodwell

Iris and Robert Fanger from Michael Fanger and Linda Sattel, Richard and Constance Giesser,Michael and Karen Gorton, Alan and Elizabeth Green, Leon and Marilee Martel, Michael and Annette Miller

Annette Funicellofrom Matt Watson

Lorraine Gyauch’s grandchildren: Dylan, Chloe, Cooper, Dara, Bailey, Noah, and Lalliefrom “Baba”

Benjamin Hodgesfrom Dina Angress

John and Cheri Holdrenfrom Kai and Marion Marcucelli, Jeff Williams

Sam and Casey Lambertfrom Aristides and Elizabeth Georgantas, Michael S. Mathews, Ramsay Vehslage

Kai Lawrence from Charles and Patricia Lawrence

Vicky Lowellfrom Elizabeth Foss

Samuel McMurtriefrom Cornelia McMurtrie

Maria Meleca and Ian Kirkfrom Jerry and Sheila Place

David and Colin Millarfrom Ruth Whipple

Diane Millerfrom Matt Watson

Mary Lou and Charles Montgomery from Duncan and Dorothy Aspinwall

Jerry and Sheila Placefrom Flinn and Marisa Hackett, Maria Meleca, Maryellen Meleca and Christine Graziano, Heather Peters, Scott Place, Keith and Deborah Yorke

Paul Rosenbaumfrom Chad Tew

Gordon Russell from Scott Goetz and Nadine Laporte

Tedd Saundersfrom Norma and Roger A. Saunders

Ray Sidejasfrom Matt Watson

Aurora Skalafrom Joan Hazard

Rebecca Buckley Stein from M. T. Stein

Thomas Stone from Connie Johnson

George Woodwellfrom Dan and Bunny Gabel, Bill and Margot Moomaw, Fred and Alice Stanback

Gifts In Memory Of

Edward and Marion Adelbergfrom Jonathan Aibel and Julie Rohwein

Suzanne K. Bowmanfrom Peter Bowman

Chuck Boyajianfrom Matt Watson

Harvey Brooksfrom Helen Brooks

Sally Brown from Matthew and Brooke Barzun

Dick Butterworth from Jean Butterworth

Scott Casefrom Priscilla Case

Walt Disneyfrom Matt Watson

Jimmie Dodd from Matt Watson

Joey Dvorakfrom William Dvorak

Barbara Hopkinsonfrom Sandra Kinet

Mary Ann Lanefrom Carolyn Jacobs

Barbara C. Littlefrom Ann Little Newbury

Anthony Liuzzi from Monique Liuzzi

Ellen Louise from Joanie Wiinblad

Edward S. S. Morrisonfrom Walter Bobo

Sue Ovallefrom Donata Buda

Alize and Frank Raymond from Nancy Corral

Joan Briggs Rossfrom Perry Ross

Miriam Scannel from Virginia Devine

Harold and Olga Searsfrom Nancy L. Olsen

Mary Sears from John Sears

Ramsey R. Wright from Margaret Wright


23

Woods Hole Research Center149 Woods Hole RoadFalmouth, MA 02540www.whrc.org

this issue

Woods Hole Research Center149 Woods Hole Road Falmouth, MA 02540 www.whrc.org

Canopy - Fall 2013

Documents

climate change deniers

whrc scientists

result of climate change

climate models

global climate

woods hole roadfalmouth

canopy magazine fall

typhoon haiyan