Canola as a Feed for Dairy Cows

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Canola as a feed for dairy cows

ByRaghavendra Basavaraja,M.Sc. Animal Sciences,Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture,Hebrew University of Jerusalem

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Introduction Papers Objectives Material & Methods Results Conclusion References

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Introduction

SBM

HPDDG

WDDGS

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Effect of substitution of soybean meal by canola meal or distillers grains in dairy rations on amino acid and glucose availabilityG. Maxin , D.R. Ouellet, H. Lapierre.•Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1M 0C8

Objective To determine if the positive responses observed with inclusion of CM in dairy rations could be explained by an increased availability of His, Lys, Met, or glucose

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Materials & Methods Cows and Treatments

Eight rumen- fistulated Holstein cows, averaging 730 ± 43.2 kg of BW and 206 ± 29.4 DIM at the beginning of the study, were used for the experiment

The study was designed as a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square balanced for residual effects, with 14-d experimental periods.

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Dietary treatments

solvent-extracted SBM (Vita Plus, Lake Mills, WI), solvent-extracted CM (Bunge, Harrowby, MB, Canada), HPDDG (Poet’s, Albert Lea, MN), WDDGS (Terra Grain Fuel, Belle Plaine, SK, Canada).

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Measurements and Sampling Feed intake was recorded daily. Samples of hay, concentrates, and

mixed diets were collected weekly and dried in a forced-air oven at 55°C for 24 h to determine DM content.

Milk production was recorded at each milking, and milk samples were collected on the last 6 milkings of each period to analyze milk composition on each sample.

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WB irreversible loss rate (ILR) used calculate the availability of His, Lys, and Met

For glucose ,WB rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose & isotopic dilution using a continuous infusion of labeled glucose

(Lemosquet et al., 2004).

Statistical Analysis

Data were analyzed as a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square using the MIXED procedure in SAS software (version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The statistical model included cow (random effect), period, treatment (fixed effects), and residual error. Multiple comparisons of means were performed with an adjusted Tukey-Kramer test.

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Results!!!

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Ingredients and chemical composition of the dietsDiet1

Item SBM CM HPDDG WDDGSIngredient (% of DM)

 Grass hay2* 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 SBM2 13.7 CM2 20.8 HPDDG2 20.4 WDDGS2 22.8 Wheat,2 ground 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.9

 Corn,2 ground 28.7 24.1 24.8 21.9

 Beet pulp2 7.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Soybean hulls2 3.3 2.2 2.1 2.1

 Ca-salts of fatty acids*3

0.5 1.5 0.5 1.2

 Vitamins and minerals*

2.4 1.6 2.4 2.1

Chemical composition (% of DM)

 CP* 17.1 17.5 17.4 17.4 NDF 32.5 36.3 35.1 35.8 ADF 19.1 21.8 19.8 20.4 Fat 2.6 3.9 3.0 4.0 Starch * 20.6 17.5 19.0 16.5 NEL

4 (Mcal/kg)* 1.61 1.60 1.61 1.61

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Dry matter and N intake, milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows fed diets with different protein supplements

Diet1

Item SBM CM HPDDG WDDGS SEM P-value2

DMI (kg/d) 24.0 23.6 23.5 23.7 0.81 0.49

N intake (g/d) 659 660 657 665 22.7 0.87

Milk yield (kg/d) 31.9 30.9 32.2 30.8 2.57 0.42

ECM3 (kg/d) 30.9 30.0 30.9 30.7 2.02 0.75

CP

 % 3.64 3.70 3.64 3.70 0.125 0.39

 g/d 1,148 1,130 1,154 1,126 71.7 0.83

Fat

 % 3.70ab 3.75ab 3.64b 3.96a 0.191 0.01

 g/d 1,120 1,086 1,107 1,146 83.8 0.53

Lactose

 % 4.56 4.48 4.58 4.49 0.078 0.06

 g/d 1,454 1,383 1,476 1,389 122.1 0.21

MUN (mg/dL) 11.4a 9.7b 11.6a 11.6a 0.52 0.01

N milk4 (% of N intake)

27.4 27.0 27.7 26.4 1.24 0.52

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a,bValues in the same row with different superscripts are different (P < 0.05).1SBM = soybean meal; CM = canola meal; HPDDG = high-protein corn dried distillers grain; WDDGS = wheat dried distillers grain with solubles.2Probability corresponding to the null hypothesis.3Whole-body (WB) irreversible loss rate (ILR) of His, Lys, and Met measured after a bolus injection of labeled AA (l-[15N3]His, l-[1-13C]Met, and l-[α-15N]Lys).

4Whole-body glucose rate of appearance (WB Ra) measured using a d-[6,6-2H2]glucose continuous infusion.

Estimated His, Lys, Met and glucose whole-body flux, and plasma glucose concentration in lactating dairy cows fed diets with different protein supplements

Diet1

Item SBM CM HPDDG WDDGS SEM P-value2

WB ILR of AA3

 (g/d)

 His 126 139 130 122 5.5 0.18

 Lys 330ab 371a 290b 316ab 18.3 0.03

 Met 118 131 129 117 6.3 0.23

Glucose

 Concentration (mM)

3.83 3.80 3.77 3.77 0.050 0.74

 WB Ra4 (g/d) 3,036a 2,795b 2,984ab 2,844ab 107.9 0.02

 Milk lactose:WB Ra

0.48 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.032 0.32

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conclusion

CM doesn’t show any deficiency for essential AA, as SBM (Met), HPDDG (Lys), & WDDGS (His non significant).

Glucose availability in CM did not seem to be involved Milk production, as the lowest glucose availability was observed with the CM diet.

This could explain the previously reported positive response in milk and milk protein yields to CM substitution.

Finally ,Feeding a CM diet resulted in a better quality of MP

supply compared with SBM, HPDDG, and WDDGS diets so there is no problem in replacing of CM to the SBM

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References http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030213007133

http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/issues?issue_key=S0022-0302%2813%29X0012-8

http://flickrhivemind.net/Tags/rapeseedfield/Interesting

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