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Cáncer Colorrectal: Prevención y Detección
Curso para Promotoras/Promotorespor el Centro Nacional de Entrenamiento de Promotores
(CCHD)/Texas A & M Escuela de Salud Pública
© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health, DSHS Approved
CHW Curriculum
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Cáncer Colorrectal Mitos y Realidades
1. Reparta el folleto titulado: “Mitos y Realidades del Cáncer Colorrectal" a los estudiantes.
2. Forme cuatro grupos:• El número de estudiantes en cada grupo
depende del número de estudiantes en su clase
3. Cada grupo necesita desarrollar una corta actuación para enfrentar el mito que se le ha asignado
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DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
DETECCION DEL CANCER COLORRECTAL
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I. Breve Repaso de la Anatomía
del Sistema Digestivo
anatomayfisiologahumana.blogspot.com
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ANATOMIA DEL COLON:
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II. ¿Cómo se lleva a cabo el proceso
de la Digestión?scdlifestyle.com
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www.clinicadam.com
PROCESO DE LA DIGESTION:
Esophagus
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Large Intestine
SmallIntestine
Stomach
Appendix
Liver
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III. ¿Cómo se desarrolla el
Cáncer colorrectal?
www.enfemenino.com
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Pólipos del Colon:
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© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health,
DSHS Approved CHW Curriculumhttp://www.elmundo.es/elmundosalud/especiales/2007/11/tecnologia/pruebas_imagen/enema.html
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Tipos del Cáncer Colorrectal:
unpasoporlavida.org
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DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
Índices del cáncer de colon por Área del Intestino Grueso:
© Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
transverso
ascendente
Ciego
Recto
descendente
sigmoides
En este caso el doctor puede ver a
través de la colonoscopia la presencia de un
pólipo.
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Etapas de Desarrollo:
www.grupodeapoyoeii.org
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www.cancer.gov
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www.cancer.gov
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www.cancer.gov
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www.cancer.gov
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www.cancer.gov
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Diseminación del Cáncer de colon:ESTADIFICACION
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ww
w.m
adri
d.or
g
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El cáncer se disemina en el cuerpo de tres maneras:
© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health,
DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
∗El cáncer se puede diseminar a través:
1. Del Tejido
2. El Sistema Linfático
3. Y La Sangre
www.cancer.gov
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El cáncer se puede diseminar desde donde comenzó a otras partes del cuerpo:
© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health,
DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
El cáncer colorrectal comúnmente se puede
propagar a los ganglios linfáticos, el hígado, y los pulmones, pero el cáncer
también puede propagarse a los huesos, el cerebro o a
otros órganos.
Propagación cáncer
metastásico del cáncer de colon o
de recto.
http://www.aboutcancer.com/
Colon Descendente
Pulmones
Hígado
Colon Sigmoide
Colon Ascendente
Colon Transverso
Recto
Cerebro
Sitio del Cáncer
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IV.-Conociendo los Hechos: Estadísticas
power-mta.net
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50,260 (colon y recto
combinados)
Número estimado de
casos nuevos y muertes por
cáncer de colon y recto
en los E.E.U.U. en 2017
Casos Nuevos
95,520(colon)
39,910 (recto)
Muertes
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DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
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© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health,
DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
Cáncer Colorrectal en los Hispanos:
❖ El segundo cáncer más diagnosticado
❖ Hispanos son menos propensos a hacerse pruebas de detección
❖ Las tasas de mortalidad son más altas
holanoticias.comrevistafortuna.com.
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Cáncer Colorrectal en los Afro Americanos:
❖La más alta incidencia de cáncer colorrectal y las tasas de mortalidad de todos los grupos raciales.
❖Tercer Cáncer más común en los Afro-Americanos
es.healthydelaware.org
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V.-Señales y Síntomas
http://mundoasistencial.com/
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✓ Algún cambio en los hábitos de evacuación como diarrea, estreñimiento o reducción del diámetro de las heces fecales (excrementos) por varios días. “Heces Acintadas”
✓ Una sensación de que necesita defecar y que no desaparece después de hacerlo.
✓ Sangrado rectal✓ Sangre en las heces fecales, lo que puede causar
que las heces se vean oscuras
SINTOMAS Y SEÑALES:
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✓ Cólicos o dolor abdominal✓ Debilidad y cansancio✓ Pérdida inexplicable de peso✓ Anemia inexplicable✓ Malestar general
SINTOMAS Y SEÑALES:
www.cosasdesalud.es
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Cáncer de colon izquierdo: el
sangrado es rojo brillante
Cáncer de colon derecho: anemia y sangrado oscuro,
periodos alternados diarrea
y estreñimiento
SINTOMAS Y SEÑALES:
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VI.-Pruebas de Detección
www.altincekodhima.com
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Panorama de las pruebas de detección:
1 Prueba de sangre oculta en las heces fecales (FOBT)
2 Prueba inmunoquímica fecal
3 Antígeno Carcinoembrionario (CEA)
4 Enema de bario de doble contraste
5 Colonoscopia Virtual
6 Sigmoidoscopia
7 Colonoscopia
8 Eco Endoscopia
9 Cápsula Endoscópica de Colon
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1. Prueba de sangre oculta en heces basada en
guayacol
laboratoriosancarlos.com
altaria-copros.blogspot.com
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2. Pruebainmunoquímica
fecal(iFOBT)
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3. Antígeno Carcinoembrionario
(CEA)
spanish.alibaba.com
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4. Enema debario
de doblecontraste
gabo-rx.blogspot.com
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5. Colonoscopia Virtual
www.cetir.es
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6. Sigmoidoscopia:
cancercolon.wordpress.com
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7. Colonoscopia:
www.lookfordiagnosis.com
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La colonoscopia se considera
como
, ya que llega a todo el colon.
COLONOSCOPIA:
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endoscopiaenlapractica.blogspot.com
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www.youtube.com
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8. Eco Endoscopia
iedmallorca.com
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9. Colonoscopia Con Cápsula Endoscópica
www.farmaciaalbisu.com.
iedmallorca.com
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Imágenes de cápsula de colon Pillcam 2
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VII.-Barreras para No Obtener Pruebas de Detección
unsinfindecreaciones.blogspot.com
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1. Costo $$$2. Miedo a encontrar cáncer3. Ansiedad4. Falta de conocimiento5. Vergüenza6. Anticipación al dolor7. El Tomar laxantes8. Transportación
BARRERAS
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PREVENCION DEL CANCER COLORRECTAL
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VIDEO: NO HAY EXCUSAShttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnzHlfJSNGk
Anuncio de la CDC
I.-VIDEO:
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II.-Factores de Riesgo
www.msal.gov.ar
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© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health,
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Los factores de riesgo de cáncer se pueden dividir en cuatro grupos:
Los factores de riesgo
relacionados con la conducta
Los factores de riesgo
ambientales
Los factores de riesgo biológicos
Los factores de riesgo hereditarios
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Los factores de riesgo relacionados con la conducta:
eldiario.com.uy
www.msal.gov.ar
atuzalud.blogspot.com
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DSHS Approved CHW Curriculum
Los factores de riesgo ambientales:
vivirsalud.imujer.com
www.taringa.net
www.msal.gov.ar
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Los factores de riesgo biológicos:
www.periodistadigital.com
salud.univision.com
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Los factores de riesgo hereditarios:
www.msal.gov.arjupibe21.blogspot.com
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III.-Factores que pueden
reducir el riesgo
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vivirsalud.imujer.com
www.dietas.net
Factores que pueden reducir el riesgo:
globedia.com
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IV.-ACTIVIDAD DE DISCUSION
EN CLASE: Conoce a
Mr. Bombastic
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Es un hombre de 55 años de edad, que trabaja en
una empresa de telemarketing durante el
turno de noche.Trabaja de 10 pm-6am
Mr. Bombastic
Su padre falleció a
la edad de 45 años de
un dolor de
estómago agudo.
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Su hija acaba de empezar la universidad
lejos de casa.
Su hijo mayor se está moviendo de nuevo, ya
que no puede encontrar un trabajo.
Mr. Bombastic
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Esto es lo que Mr. Bombastic hace
durante un día de la semana
normalmente:
Mr. Bombastic
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Mr. Bombastic
HORA LUNES Resto de la semana:
6 am Sale del trabajo y fuma un cigarrillo y se detiene en la panadería
7 am come mínimo de 2 piezas de pan con una Coca-Cola Light
8 am antes de ir a la cama fuma un cigarrillo
9 am-3 pmdormido
3 pm despierta y se fuma un cigarrillo
4 pm hora de la comida (hamburguesa doble con queso con tocino , jalapeños y papas fritas tamaño Grande
5 pm Se fuma otro cigarrillo
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Mr. Bombastic
HORA LUNES Resto de la semana:
6 pm Se sienta frente a la Televisión y ve las noticias locales
7 pm Come sus papitas favoritas y una Coca-Cola, mientras ve su programa favorito de Netflix
8 pm Cena, una bolsa de Doritos con salsa y 2 hot dogs con chili y una soda grande
9 pm Se fuma un cigarrillo
10 pm Entra a su trabajo
12 am Toma un descanso que lo utiliza para fumar otro cigarrillo
12 am- 3 am trabaja en un pequeño espacio en el que ni siquiera puede moverse
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Mr. Bombastic
HORA LUNES Resto de la semana:
3 am Toma un descanso para comer de 30 minutos y se come unos tacos mexicanos
5 am Toma otro descanso que lo utiliza para comer algunas galletas dulces y fumarse un cigarrillo
6 am Sale de su trabajo
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Instrucciones de la actividad:
1. Favor de identificar por lo menos 4 factores de riesgo que el Sr. Bombastic tiene para el cáncer colorrectal
2. Comparta por lo menos 3 maneras en que usted como CHW/promotora ayudaría a Mr. Bombastic para que cambie sus hábitos y estilo de vida actuales por hábitos más saludables.¿Cómo le ayudaría? ¿Qué estrategia utilizaría para ayudar a ésta comunidad?
Por favor comparta sus respuestas.
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Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Americana Contra para la detección
temprana del cáncer colorrectal
Formas de Reducir su Riesgo
© 2015 by CCHD's National Community Health Worker Training Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health,
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COMER SALUDABLE HACER EJERCICIO DEJAR DE FUMAR
COLONOSCOPIA PREVENTIVA
RECOMENDACIONES:
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Pruebas que encuentran
pólipos y cáncer:
∗ Sigmoidoscopia flexible cada 5 años.
∗ Colonoscopia cada 10 años.
∗ Enema de bario de doble contraste cada 5 años.
∗ Colonografía CT (colonoscopia virtual) cada 5 años.
Pruebas que encuentran cáncer
∗ Prueba de sangre oculta en heces basada en guayacol cada año (g FOBT)
∗ Prueba inmunoquímicafecal (FIT) cada año
∗ Prueba de ADN en las heces fecales (sDNA) cada 3 años
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PREGUNTAS:
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REFERENCIAS:
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Información de Contacto
∗Center for Community Health Development’s(Centro para el Desarrollo de la Salud de la Comunidad)
National CHW Training Center ∗Texas A&M School of Public Health
∗1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-1266
∗http://nchwtc.tamhsc.edu/ ∗(979) 436-9364
∗[email protected]
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