CANCER CERVICAL AND PROSTATE CANCER 9 MARCH 2014 What is cancer? What if I have a cancer am I going to die or it can be cure?
Nov 04, 2014
CANCER
CERVICAL AND PROSTATE CANCER9 MARCH 2014
What is cancer?What if I have a cancer am I going to die or it
can be cure?
CONTENTS What is cancer Cervical cancer
What is cervical cancer? Causes Victims Symptoms Percentage of women with it
Prostate cancer Risk factors Symptoms Prevention Treatment Causes
INTRODUCTION
This following discussion is based on two types of cancers of which is cervical and prostate cancer. Officially cervical cancer is the problem mostly in women while prostate cancer is the problem in men.
TYPES OF CANCER
CERVICAL CANCER PROSTATE CANCER
WHAT IS CANCER?
Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cell in a part of the body, or a harmful growth of tumour resulting from an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells.
Cancer is a disease that begins in the cells, and it can affects many people.
WHAT CAUSES CANCER?
It can be caused in many ways. The main causes of cancer are increasing of age, environmental causes such as chemicals and radiation viruses and inherited genes.
Cancer is caused by the loss of cell cycle controls in cancer cells, it occurs when cell division goes out of control and a growth or tumour causes the growth to be malignant or benign. The benign growth is contained within a capsule and can be surgically removed.
Actually causes of cancerDiet and lifestyle can increase the risk of
getting cancer for example, people with a diet that lacks fibre but is high in protein and fat have a greater chance of getting cancer of the colon.
Viruses can cause cancer of the cervix in women and some types of liver cancer. Inherited genes that have multated (changed their structured) give instruction to cells in certain parts of the body to keep dividing, resulting in cancer, for example breast cancer.
Terminology
Tumour- mass that develops when cells divide very rapidly I an uncontrolled way, as many be associated with cancer.
Malignant- when a tumour is harmful.Carcinogenic – a substance that causes
cancer.Hysterectomy- is an operation to remove
the uterus cervix and sometimes the ovaries as well.
CER
VIC
AL
CA
NCER
WHAT IS CERVICAL CANCER?A woman should have an annual check-up with a doctor
or clinic nurse to check for cervical cancer. The doctor removes a small amount of tissue that lines the cervix and puts it onto on a slide that is sent to the pathology laboratory. This procedure is called a pap smear or cervical smear. The cells are carefully examined under the microscope to check for any signs of abnormal growth.
Cervical cancer can spread up into the uterus, the use of the pill may sometimes increases the risk of cervical cance (Liao S October 1996).
It the test for cervical cancer is positive, the woman has a hysterectomy.
Causes of cervical cancer
A. VirusesB. Old age 40-50C. Family historyD. Environment factorsE. Early sexual contact and having
multiple sexual partners
Treatment for cervical cancer
Removed the deepest cells by biopsy were normal no further treatment may be needed and removal of cells or tissue to diagnose cancer and to out how far it has invaded (Larsson A, 2001).
PERCENTAGE (%) Percentage of women with the cervical cancer
in KWAZULU NATAL, GAUTENG P, MPUMALANG, AND LIMPOPO.
PRECENTAGE (%)
GP-10%MP-20KZN-30%LIMPOPO
NUMBER OF THE WOMENNumber of women with cervical cancer in the
total of 5000 women.A. KZN- 30%/100 x 5000 B. MP- 20%/100 X
5000= 1500 women = 1000 women
C. GP- 10%/100 x 5000 D. LIMPOPO- 40%/ 100 X 5000
= 500 women = 2000 women
symptoms
Abnormal vaginal bleedingVaginal dischargeWarts/ genital warts
Risk factors
It during the time of diagnosis.
PR
OS
TATE
CA
NC
ER
Prostate cancer
It is different to say what causes prostate cancer but there are some risk factors that can be taken into account.
Risk factorsAt an age of 50 years and older, a high-fat diet and
family history.Animal fats, genetic factors (positive family history)
increase in age and environment factors such as diet, large consumption of red meat.
Prostate cancer is more common in men who are more than 65 years of age. It is recommended that after the age of 50 years, men should have an annual prostate-specific antigen blood test (PSA) and a digital rectal examination (DRE). The earlier prostate cancer is detected the greater the changes.
symptomsIt early stage there no symptoms.Frequent urination.Not being able to urinate, weak or
interrupted urine flow, blood in the urine, difficulty in having an erection, blood in the semen and frequent pain or stiffness in the back, hips or upper thighs.
According to (Maaike C.G, 2003), ejaculation, urgency and nocturia (getting up often a pass urine at night) .
Treatment or prevention
The prostate gland can be removed this operation is invasive and the recovery period is long.
A new treatment called Brachytherapy is proving to be very successful.
Surgery (cracial prostategomy), watchuful waiting, radiation external beamradiation, brachytherapy and hormonal treatment.
Reduce risk of getting it!!
Men can reduce the risk of getting prostate cancer by reducing their fat intake, eating at least five serving of fruit/ or vegetables per day, exercising, and maintain their ideal body weight.
Tests for staging cancer
Cancer site Type of biopsy performed
Other tests performed
Prostate Needle biopsy Blood tests for acid phosphates and prostate-specific antigen (PSA ULTRASOUND SCAN)
CAUSES BY CHANGES IN THE DNA OF
NORMAL PROSTATE CELLSSMOKINGOBESITYDIET GENES/ FAMILY HISTORYAGE AND RACE.
S.A. men with prostate cancerSouth African men with prostate cancer in
1993-2001
Cape
town
Durba
n
Richa
rds
Mos
sel b
ay
Sald
aoha
East l
ondo
n0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Conclusion
The views on concluding the discussion is that those cancer are harmful and can kill people so if you found out that you are suffering from cancer you must take the treatment as soon as possible (Koutsky LA, 2002).
END!
THANK YOU!!!!!!!!
REFFERENCE LISTCornelis J.A. Hogewoning, Maaike C.G. Bleeker, et al (2003).
"Condom use Promotes the Regression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Clearance of HPV: Randomized Clinical Trial". International Journal of Cancer 107 (5): 811–816.
Manhart LE, Koutsky LA (2002). "Do condoms prevent genital HPV infection, external genital warts, or cervical neoplasia? A meta-analysis". Sex Transm Dis 29 (11): 725–35.
Nilsson BO, Carlsson L, Larsson A, Ronquist G (2001). "Autoantibodies to prostasomes as new markers for prostate cancer". Ups. J. Med. Sci. 106 (1): 43–9.
Umekita Y, Hiipakka RA, Kokontis JM, Liao S (October 1996).