Canada History and Culture. History: Native Canadians Much like the rest of the Americas, as the Ice Age ended, people moved into the lands that now make.

CanadaCanada

History and CultureHistory and Culture

History: Native CanadiansHistory: Native Canadians

Much like the rest of Much like the rest of the Americas, as the the Americas, as the Ice Age ended, Ice Age ended, people moved into people moved into the lands that now the lands that now make up Canada.make up Canada.

The Inuit and other The Inuit and other Native groups were Native groups were the First Canadians.the First Canadians.

History: Native CanadiansHistory: Native Canadians

These Native people These Native people divided into groups divided into groups and became known and became known as the First Nations. as the First Nations.

The Cree in the The Cree in the interior became interior became great bison hunters great bison hunters while the Inuit while the Inuit adapted to the adapted to the extreme cold of the extreme cold of the north.north.

European SettlementEuropean Settlement

The first Europeans The first Europeans to Canada were the to Canada were the Vikings. They Vikings. They came and settled came and settled on Newfoundland on Newfoundland at about 1000 AD, at about 1000 AD, but would later but would later abandon their abandon their settlements.settlements.

European SettlementEuropean Settlement

In the 1400’s, In the 1400’s, Europeans again come Europeans again come and explore Canada. and explore Canada. Many would come from Many would come from Western Europe for the Western Europe for the fishing and trapping fishing and trapping opportunities. Trade opportunities. Trade between natives and between natives and the Europeans would the Europeans would develop. Furs could be develop. Furs could be traded for axes and traded for axes and guns and later guns and later exchanges of food exchanges of food clothing and ideas clothing and ideas would ensue.would ensue.

New FranceNew France

The French were the The French were the first to successfully first to successfully settle Canada. They settle Canada. They would found Quebec would found Quebec City in 1608 and later City in 1608 and later Montreal. They would Montreal. They would call the territory New call the territory New France and at its height France and at its height would cover Eastern would cover Eastern Canada and much of Canada and much of the central United the central United States.States.

New FranceNew France

New France was New France was important as it important as it provided money provided money and goods to and goods to French settlers and French settlers and it served as a base it served as a base to spread French to spread French culture to the culture to the region.region.

New FranceNew France

The French would The French would have to compete have to compete with Britain for with Britain for control of Canada. control of Canada. The French would The French would build trade and build trade and diplomatic diplomatic relationships with the relationships with the Natives to protect Natives to protect their interests.their interests.

New FranceNew France

They would export fish They would export fish and furs from Canada and furs from Canada and send and send manufactured goods to manufactured goods to New France. French New France. French missionaries would missionaries would come and convert the come and convert the Natives to Christianity. Natives to Christianity. The relationship was so The relationship was so good that the French good that the French would intermarry.would intermarry.

New FranceNew France

The British would finally The British would finally run the French out, the run the French out, the French and Indian War French and Indian War would have a lot to do would have a lot to do with that. However, the with that. However, the cultural makeup of cultural makeup of Canada would be Canada would be heavily influenced by heavily influenced by the French and still the French and still makes up a major part makes up a major part of its ethnic of its ethnic background.background.

British ConquestBritish Conquest

The French and Indian The French and Indian war would make Canada war would make Canada a British territory. Many a British territory. Many of the French would of the French would return home, but many return home, but many more would stay and more would stay and assimilate into society – assimilate into society – particularly Quebec particularly Quebec where they would where they would maintain there maintain there language, religion and language, religion and way of life.way of life.

British ConquestBritish Conquest

The British divided The British divided Quebec into 2 colonies Quebec into 2 colonies – Lower Canada, which – Lower Canada, which was mainly French and was mainly French and Upper Canada which Upper Canada which was mainly English. was mainly English. The boundary between The boundary between the two is very similar the two is very similar to the boundary to the boundary between present day between present day Quebec and Ontario.Quebec and Ontario.

British ConquestBritish Conquest

Nova Scotia to the Nova Scotia to the east will also be east will also be divided into two divided into two colonies creating colonies creating New Brunswick. New Brunswick. New Brunswick New Brunswick would be a haven would be a haven for English settlers.for English settlers.

Creation of CanadaCreation of Canada

As colonies developed, As colonies developed, they saw themselves they saw themselves as different from the as different from the rest of the Empire. rest of the Empire. Parliament created the Parliament created the Dominion of Canada in Dominion of Canada in 1867. Canadians saw 1867. Canadians saw this as a step towards this as a step towards independence, the independence, the British saw it as a way British saw it as a way to maintain a sphere to maintain a sphere of influence.of influence.

Creation of CanadaCreation of Canada

To connect all of the To connect all of the provinces into one provinces into one united entity, Canada united entity, Canada will complete the will complete the TransCanadian TransCanadian (Canadian-Pacific) (Canadian-Pacific) Railroad in 1885. Railroad in 1885. Afterwards, Canada Afterwards, Canada would acquire vast would acquire vast lands to the north, much lands to the north, much from the Hudson Bay from the Hudson Bay CompanyCompany

Creation of CanadaCreation of Canada

Most of the people Most of the people living in the north living in the north were native were native Canadians and Canadians and mixed European and mixed European and native ancestry. native ancestry. The railroads The railroads allowed for more allowed for more people to settle in people to settle in the territories.the territories.

CultureCulture

Canada is truly a Canada is truly a melting pot, much melting pot, much like the USA. like the USA. Although it stems Although it stems from English and from English and French background, French background, immigration has immigration has brought a variety of brought a variety of ethnic groups and ethnic groups and culture.culture.

ImmigrationImmigration

During the 1800’s and During the 1800’s and early 1900’s, immigrants early 1900’s, immigrants came to Canada from came to Canada from Europe, particularly Europe, particularly Britain, France, German Britain, France, German and Russia and some and Russia and some from the US. Most of from the US. Most of them farmed, worked in them farmed, worked in mines, forests or mines, forests or factories. In 1897, gold factories. In 1897, gold would bring many more.would bring many more.

ImmigrationImmigration

Immigrants also Immigrants also came from China, came from China, Japan and India. Japan and India. Many coming from Many coming from China worked on China worked on the railroad, like the the railroad, like the US. British US. British Columbia was the Columbia was the first province to first province to have a large Asian have a large Asian population.population.

ImmigrationImmigration

All of the immigrants All of the immigrants helped a boom in the helped a boom in the Canadian economy in Canadian economy in the 1900’s. Wheat, the 1900’s. Wheat, pulp and paper from pulp and paper from Quebec, Ontario and Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick and New Brunswick and minerals and minerals and hydroelectricity from hydroelectricity from British Columbia and British Columbia and Ontario promoted one Ontario promoted one of the highest of the highest standards of living in standards of living in the world by 1940.the world by 1940.

Movement to CitiesMovement to Cities

After WWII, a wave After WWII, a wave of immigration hits of immigration hits Canadian cities. Canadian cities. Toronto will become Toronto will become one of the worlds one of the worlds most culturally most culturally diverse cities with diverse cities with immigrants from immigrants from Europe, Asia, Africa Europe, Asia, Africa and the Caribbean.and the Caribbean.

Movement to CitiesMovement to Cities

A recent move from A recent move from farm to city has seen farm to city has seen some rural settlements some rural settlements completely disappear. completely disappear. To find jobs, people are To find jobs, people are moving to Toronto and moving to Toronto and Vancouver for job Vancouver for job opportunities, access opportunities, access to resources and to resources and milder climates. milder climates. Political and economic Political and economic power remains in cities power remains in cities of Toronto, Ottawa and of Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal.Montreal.

To Sum UpTo Sum Up

Exit: How has Immigration changed Exit: How has Immigration changed Canada?Canada?

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