(a) Formulating seaweed-alginate beads (b) Model gut system stimulation (C) Measuring the rate of carbohydrate digestion Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic medical condition resulting from abnormally high post - meal blood glucose level; caused by the resistance of body cells to the effect of the hormone (i.e. insulin) in absorption of glucose, and abnormal glucose release in the liver to provide glucose to body despite the raised level of blood glucose. Prolonged high blood glucose levels cause complications related to DM such as nerve damage, kidney damage and loss of vision. Brown seaweed is a type of marine plant that contains fibre known as alginate; as well as organic compounds known as polyphenols. These two types of active ingredients have shown to inhibit carbohydrate digestion in a laboratory model. However, alginate has been used as an ingredient to encapsulate other plant polyphenols that are unstable in the condition of human digestive system to aid delivery of their potential health benefits during digestion. 2. Aim Glenna Poh Yu Ya*, Dr. Matthew Wilcox, Dr. Peter Chater, Dr. Iain Brownlee and Professor Jeffrey Pearson (Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences) 160715448 [email protected] BSc Honours in Food and Human Nutrition Newcastle University Singapore (NUIS) Can encapsulating seaweed with alginate help to manage blood glucose level? 1. Introduction 3. Methods Dried brown seaweed powder and alginate powder were dissolved in water to form a solution. A syringe was used to draw the solution which was dripped it into calcium chloride solution to form the alginate beads. The amount of glucose released from the digestion of starch was measured at different time points throughout the 180 minutes of the model gut. DMB alginate bead GHB alginate bead Seaweed powder The human gut digestion was stimulated on a 12-well plate. Each well represents a digestive system. Starch was added into each well containing sample; and synthetic digestive juices with enzymes were added at different time points to stimulate digestion. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Amount of glucose released (ug) Time (minutes) Glucose released in model gut system during digestion No inhibition (control) Dried brown seaweed powder DMB alginate bead GHB alginate bead Gastric phase Small intestinal (SI) phase The aim of this study was to investigate if there was an inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestion of encapsulating seaweed using two types of alginate beads (i.e. DMB and GHB alginate beads). The lower the amount of glucose released, the higher the inhibition rate on carbohydrate digestion Both dried brown seaweed powder and DMB alginate bead showed higher inhibition rates as compared to GHB alginate bead (Figure 1) Encapsulating seaweed powder with DMB alginate bead allow the inhibitory activity to be maintained during the SI digestion Figure 1: Amount of glucose released in model gut system during digestion 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Total measured polyphenol (ug) Time (minutes) Total polyphenol released in model gut system during digestion Dried brown seaweed powder GHB alginate bead DMB alginate bead Gastric phase Small intestinal (SI) phase 4. Results (I) Carbohydrate digestion was affected by seaweed and encapsulated seaweed in DMB alginate bead. GHB alginate bead did not effect inhibition of carbohydrate digestion. Improving the total polyphenol release profile of the DMB alginate bead could potentially provide a higher inhibition level on carbohydrate digestion. 5.Conclusion Figure 2: Total polyphenol released in model gut system during digestion Inhibition profile in SI phase on carbohydrate digestion (Figure 1) was related to amount of total polyphenol released in model gut digestion in the SI phase (Figure 2) GHB alginate bead showed lowest amount of total polyphenol released Both dried seaweed powder and DMB alginate bead showed similar release profile during small intestinal digestion 4. Results (II) Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Newcastle University and George Henderson and George Brown endowment funds for funding my research scholarship. Special thanks to Dr. Matthew Wilcox for guiding me through this project, Professor Jeff Pearson for accommodating me in the laboratory and everyone in the laboratory for assistance rendered to me. Reference: Sharifuddin, Y., Chin, Y., Lim, P. and Phang, S. (2015). Potential bioactive compounds from seaweed for diabetes management. Marine Drugs, [online] 13(8), pp.5447-5491.
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(a) Formulating seaweed-alginate beads
(b) Model gut system stimulation
(C) Measuring the rate of carbohydrate digestion
Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic medical condition resulting from abnormally high post-meal blood glucose level; caused by the resistance of body cells to the effect of the hormone (i.e. insulin) in absorption of glucose, and abnormal glucose release in the liver to provide glucose to body despite the raised level of blood glucose.
Prolonged high blood glucose levels cause complications related to DM such as nerve damage, kidney damage and loss of vision.
Brown seaweed is a type of marine plant that contains fibre known as alginate; as well as organic compounds known as polyphenols. These two types of active ingredients have shown to inhibit carbohydrate digestion in a laboratory model.
However, alginate has been used as an ingredient to encapsulate other plant polyphenols that are unstable in the condition of human digestive system to aid delivery of their potential health benefits during digestion.
2. Aim
Glenna Poh Yu Ya*, Dr. Matthew Wilcox, Dr. Peter Chater, Dr. Iain Brownlee and Professor Jeffrey Pearson (Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences)
160715448 [email protected] BSc Honours in Food and Human Nutrition Newcastle University Singapore (NUIS)
Can encapsulating seaweed with alginate help to
manage blood glucose level?
1. Introduction 3. Methods
Dried brown seaweed powder and alginate powder were dissolved in water to form a solution. A syringe was used to draw the solution which was dripped it into calcium chloride solution to form the alginate beads.
The amount of glucose released from the digestion of starch was measured at different time points throughout the 180 minutes of the model gut.
DMB alginate beadGHB alginate beadSeaweed powder
The human gut digestion was stimulated on a 12-well plate. Each well represents a digestive system. Starch was added into each well containing sample; and synthetic digestive juices with enzymes were added at different time points to stimulate digestion.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Am
ou
nt
of
glu
co
se r
ele
ased
(u
g)
Time (minutes)
Glucose released in model gut system during digestion
No inhibition (control) Dried brown seaweed powder DMB alginate bead GHB alginate bead
Gastric phase Small intestinal (SI) phase
The aim of this study was to investigate if there was an inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestion of encapsulating seaweed using two types of alginate beads (i.e. DMB and GHB alginate beads).
The lower the amount of glucose released, the higher theinhibition rate oncarbohydrate digestion
Both dried brown seaweed powder and DMB alginate bead showed higher inhibition rates as compared to GHB alginate bead (Figure 1)
Encapsulating seaweed powder with DMB alginate bead allow the inhibitory activity to be maintained during the SI digestion
Figure 1: Amount of glucose released in model gut system during digestion
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
To
tal
mea
sure
d p
oly
ph
enol
(ug
)
Time (minutes)
Total polyphenol released in model gut system during digestion
Dried brown seaweed powder GHB alginate bead DMB alginate bead
Gastric phase
Small intestinal (SI) phase
4. Results (I)
Carbohydrate digestion was affected by seaweed and encapsulated seaweed in DMB alginate bead. GHB alginate bead did not effect inhibition of carbohydrate digestion. Improving the total polyphenol release profile of the DMB alginate bead could potentially provide a higher inhibition level on carbohydrate digestion.
5.Conclusion
Figure 2: Total polyphenol released in model gut system during digestion
Inhibition profile in SI phase on carbohydrate digestion (Figure 1) was related to amount of total polyphenol released in model gut digestion in the SI phase (Figure 2)
GHB alginate bead showed lowest amount of total polyphenol released
Both dried seaweed powder and DMB alginate bead showed similar release profile during small intestinal digestion
4. Results (II)
Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Newcastle University and George Henderson and George Brown endowment funds for funding my research scholarship. Special thanks to Dr. Matthew Wilcox for guiding me through this project, Professor Jeff Pearson for accommodating me in the laboratory and everyone in the laboratory for assistance rendered to me.
Reference: Sharifuddin, Y., Chin, Y., Lim, P. and Phang, S. (2015). Potential bioactive compounds from seaweed for diabetes management. Marine Drugs, [online] 13(8), pp.5447-5491.
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