Can drivers teach themselves? Ian Edwards Director eDriving Solutions.

Can drivers teach themselves?

Ian EdwardsDirectoreDriving Solutions

Can Drivers Really Teach Themselves?

Copyright © eDriving Solutions Ltd

By Ian Edwards

Today’s discussion...

• The role of self-assessment in driver development

• The role learner centred / coaching approaches have in this process

• An approach to measuring self-assessment

• But first a question for you


Do we learn from experience?


What would a driver learn here?

The Goals for Driver Education


Level Knowledge and Skills Risk increasingFactors

Self-evaluation

Level VSocial Environmental

Culture, legislation, enforcement, sub-cultures, social groups, group values and norms

Little or no understanding of how cultural / sub-cultural issues impact on driving.

How culture/ impacts on driving decisions / judgements

Level IVGoals for life and skills for living

Lifestyle, age, group, culture, social position etc. v.s driving behaviour

Sensation seeking, group norms, peer pressure

Introspective competence, own preconditions, impulse control

Level IIIGoals and context of driving

Modal choice, choice of time, role of motives, route planning

Alcohol, fatigue, low friction, rush hours, young passengers

Own motives influencing choices, self-critical thinking

Level IIDriving in traffic

Traffic rules, cooperation, hazard perception, Automation

Disobeying rules, tailgating, low friction, vulnerable road users

Calibration of driving skills, own driving style

Level IVehicle control

Car functioning, protection systems, vehicle control, physical laws

No seatbelts, breakdown of vehicle system, worn-out tyres

Calibration of car control skills

by Keskinen et al 2010 NORBIT Conference

Why is self-evaluation seen as being important?

The third column (“self-evaluation”) refers to a process whereby an individual tries to get feedback on his or her personal actions from within the self. In the context of driving it is a matter of becoming, or wanting to become aware of personal preconditions and tendencies as well as skills and abilities regarding manoeuvring, coping in traffic, planning of driving, and life in general. In short, being able to perceive realistically one’s own role for the success of a driving situation. Not only is self-evaluation seen as an important tool in driver training but also in the development of driving skills after training.(Engström et al, 2003, p.56)




Self-evaluation

Self-monitoring

Self - developmen

t

Self-analysis

Self – identificatio

n

Self –evaluation

Edwards I., (2010) NORBIT Conference, Finland© eDriving Solutions Ltd

Self-monitoring and identification• This refers to the ability of the driver to monitor

their driving and identify learning triggers • These could include:

– A near collision– Sudden braking– Sudden steering– Being taken by surprise by the actions of another road

user– A positive response by another driver– Etc.


Self-analysis and correction

This refers to the ability of the driver toconstructively analyse the identified issue(s) anddevelop a suitable self-development plan


The HERMES definition

Coaching is a learner centred approach thatengages body, mind, and emotions to developinner and outer awareness and responsibilitythrough an equal relationship between thelearner and coach

Coaching terms

Learner Centred

Reduces barriers to learning

Non-judgemental

Awareness

Problem solving

Relationship of equals

Responsibility


Buckingham County Council

• Bucks CC have helped us to start the development of a tool to measure self-evaluation skills

• As part an evaluation of their Get in Gear post-test driver intervention


The measure


Instructors N = 99, M = 4.74 Novice drivers: N = 32, M = 7.03 t = -4.522., df = 129., P = 0.001

Analysis

• Benchmarking of 20 clips– Clips shown to driving instructors (N = 99) and

novice drivers (N= 32)

• Of the 20 clips shown the ADI group rated 7 significantly (p<.05) different to the novice driver group.

• In all clips the ADI group gave a lower rating than the novice driver group


Next Steps• Assess the results of the clips against a

validated measure, for this we are using the Driver Attitude Questionnaire (Reason et al, 1990)

• Report results• Develop the measure further• Thank you and thank you to Bucks CC for their

support



Can drivers teach themselves? Ian Edwards Director eDriving Solutions.

Documents

driver development

group norms

novice drivers n

role of motives

role learner

group values

s driving behaviour

adi group