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Cambridge University Press978-1-316-64279-5 — Learning LawAnthony Marinac , Brian Simpson , Caroline Hart , Rhianna Chisholm , Jennifer Nielsen , Michael Brogan FrontmatterMore Information

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In a diverse and ever-changing world, the teaching of law must prepare students

for the unique context of practising law in the twenty-first century. Learning Law

is an indispensable guide for students beginning their law studies. It provides the

foundational knowledge and skills required for the study and practice of law, and also

instils in students a passion and excitement for the law.

Written by leading academics who have practised law in a variety of settings, this

text challenges students’ traditional notions of the law and encourages them to think

critically. This book is supported by tools for self-assessment and self-reflection: review

questions to revise complex concepts; ‘Alternative Voices’ breakout boxes, which

provide a different perspective on each topic; and 'Living Law' case studies, which

illustrate how law qualifications can be applied in various settings, from traditional law

firms to government and academia.

Learning Law is written in an engaging and accessible style designed to demystify

the law. This text is an essential and comprehensive resource that can be carried as a

practical reference throughout a student’s law studies.

Anthony Marinac is Lecturer in the School of Business and Law at CQUniversity.

Brian Simpson is Professor in the School of Law at the University of New England.

Caroline Hart is Senior Lecturer in the School of Law and Justice at the University of

Southern Queensland.

Rhianna Chisholm is Associate Lecturer in the Department of Law at Curtin University.

Jennifer Nielsen is Associate Professor in the School of Law and Justice at Southern

Cross University.

Michael Brogan is Senior Lecturer in the School of Law at Western Sydney University.

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ANTHONY MARINAC

BRIAN SIMPSON

CAROLINE HART

RHIANNA CHISHOLM

JENNIFER NIELSEN

MICHAEL BROGAN


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For my sons, who teach me far more than I teach others – Anthony Marinac


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vii

[CHAPTER 01] WELCOME TO THE LAW 3

Introduction 3

What do lawyers actually do? 4

The skills of a lawyer 10

The knowledge of a lawyer 15

What does it mean to be a lawyer? 18

Conclusion 20

[CHAPTER 03] PARLIAMENTS AND COURTS 49

Learning objectives 49

Introduction 49

Two important ideals 50

Australian Federalism 59

The role and functions of Parliament 64

The hierarchy of the courts 73

Conclusion 84

Review questions 86

ONE LAW, LAWYERS AND JUSTICE 1

CONTENTS

Table of cases xi

Table of statutes xiv

Authors xviii

Using your VitalSource eBook xx

Acknowledgements xxii

[CHAPTER 02] HISTORY AND JUSTICE 21


Introduction 21

From earliest times to the Magna Carta 22

Magna Carta to the English Civil War 26

From the Glorious Revolution to the Judicature Acts 29

To Australia! 30

Jurisprudence: the great themes 35

Conclusion 45

Review questions 45

vii


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viii C O N T E N T S

[CHAPTER 05] LAW MADE BY JUDGES 108


Introduction 108

Characteristics of judge-made law 109

The doctrine of precedent 114

Ratio decidendi, obiter dicta and persuasive dissent 122

Judicial method 127

How to find and read a case 131

Conclusion 138

Review questions 139

[CHAPTER 06] LAW MADE BY PARLIAMENTS 145


Introduction 145

The legislative process 146

Anatomy of an Act 152

Statutory interpretation 158

Subordinate legislation 164

Conclusion 166


[CHAPTER 04] CATEGORIES OF LAW 93


Introduction 93

The sources of law (and why that matters) 94

Criminal law 97

Public law 99

Private law 100

International law 103

Conclusion 105


TWO LEARNING THE LAWS 91


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ixC O N T E N T S

[CHAPTER 08] ANALYSING AND PERSUADING 186


Introduction 186

The golden rules of logic 187

The golden rules of language 192

Using IRAC in more complex scenarios 195

Speaking 199

The persuasive essay 202

Conclusion 206


[CHAPTER 09] GRAPPLING WITH FACTS 209


Introduction 209

The fact/law distinction and why it matters 210

Dealing with facts in problem questions 213

The laws of evidence 215

Conclusion 220


[CHAPTER 07] FRAMEWORKS FOR LEGAL THINKING 171


Introduction 171

The need for clarity 172

Our scenario 173

Issue 174

Rule 176

Application 178

To conclude 181

Our final answer 182

Other formulations 183

Conclusion 184


THREE RESEARCH AND PERSUASION 169


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x C O N T E N T S

[CHAPTER 13] INFLUENCING THE LAW 303


Introduction 303

Law reformers or law influencers? 304

Law reform as technical legal change 307

Lawyers and the public interest 315

Conclusion 315


[CHAPTER 12] LAWYERING IN THE DIGITAL WORLD 288


Introduction 288

Lawyers, legal practice and technology 289

Does the legal profession have a future? 292

The legal profession of tomorrow: New ways of doing law? 295

Lawyers and social media 297

Conclusion 301


[CHAPTER 11] EQUALITY, DIFFERENCE AND LAW 253


Introduction 253

Equality and Australian law 254

A history of inequality 260

Can we be equal at law? 275

Conclusion 282


[CHAPTER 10] THE ETHICAL LAWYER 225


Introduction 225

The importance of legal ethics 227

The ‘rules’ of ethics 233

Becoming a lawyer 244

Conclusion 248


FOUR PROFESSION AND COMMUNITY 223

Index 318


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xi

TABLE OF CASES

Adams v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 96, 96, 97,

167

AG (Vic) (ex rel Dale) v Commonwealth (1945) 71

CLR 237, 89

Allinson v General Counsel of Medical Education and

Registration [1894] 1 KB 750, 242

Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide

Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129, 62, 63,

167

Andrews v ANZ Banking Group Ltd (2012) 247 CLR

205, 141

Attorney-General v Brown [1920] 1 KB 733, 167

Attorney-General (NSW) v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd

(1952) 85 CLR 237, 142

Australia Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth

(1992) 177 CLR 106, 144

Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth

[1951] HCA 5, 94

Australian Conservation Foundation v

Commonwealth (1980) 146 CLR 493, 143

Australian Knitting Mills v Grant (1933) 50 CLR

387, 207

Australian Securities Commission v Marlborough

Gold Mines Ltd (1993) 112 ALR 627, 116, 142

Babaniaris v Lutony Fashions Pty Ltd (1987) 163

CLR 1, 143

Balmain New Ferry Co v Robertson (1904) 4 CLR

379, 107

Barristers’ Board v Young [2001] QCA 556, 251

Behrens v Bertram Mills Circus Ltd [1957] 2 QB 1,

122

Beswick v Beswick [1968] AC 58, 126, 143

BHP Billiton Iron Ore Ltd v National Competition

Council (2007) 162 CLR 234, 117, 142

Bourne v Norwich Crematorium [1967] 1 WLR 691,

167

Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336, 107

Bropho v WA (1990) 171 CLR 1, 167

Buck v Comcare (1996) 66 FCR 360, 142

Butera v DPP (1987) 164 CLR 180, 221

Butler v Egg Marketing Board (1966) 114 CLR 185,

107

Capital Duplicators Pty Ltd v Australian Capital

Territory [No. 2] (1993) 178 CLR 561, 142

Chamberlain v R (1983) 72 FLR 1, 142

Chapman v Luminis Pty Ltd [No. 2] [2000] FCA

1010, 217

Chubb Insurance v Moore [2013] NSWCA 212;

(2013) 302 ALR 101, 106

Clyne v New South Wales Bar Association [1960]

HCA 40, 250

Commercial Radio Coffs Harbour v Fuller (1986)

161 CLR 47, 167

Commissioner of State Revenue v TEC Desert Pty Ltd

(2009) 40 WAR 344, 142

Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v St Helens Farm

(ACT) Pty Ltd (1981) 146 CLR 336, 143

Commonwealth v Australian Capital Territory

(2013) 250 CLR 441; [2013] HCA 55, 287

Commonwealth v The Colonial Combing, Spinning

and Weaving Co Ltd (1922) 31 CLR 421, 89

Commonwealth v Hospital Contribution Fund

(1982) 150 CLR 49, 120

Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 63

Consul Development Pty Ltd v DPC Estates Pty Ltd

(1975) 132 CLR 373, 143

Cook v Cook (1986) 162 CLR 376, 48, 117

Cooper v Stuart (1889) 14 App Cas 286, 284

Corin v Patton (1990) 169 CLR 540, 111, 141

Dempsey v Legal Practitioners Admission Board

[2013] QCA, 252

Dennis Hotel Pty Ltd v Victoria (1960) 104 CLR

529, 123

Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v WR Moran Pty

Ltd (1939) 61 CLR 735, 89

Dickenson’s Arcade Pty Ltd v Tasmania (1974) 130

CLR 177, 123, 143

Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292, 130,

141, 144

Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v Trainstation

Health [2008] VCAT 2092, 196–7

Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, 107, 127–8,

143

Earl of Oxford’s Case (1615) 1 Rep Ch 1, 111

Entick v Carrington (1765) 95 ER 807, 107

Falcke v Gray (1859) 4 Drewery 651, 141

Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd

(2007) 230 CLR 89, 125, 142, 143

Farnell & Chanbua [2016] FCWA 17, 208

Federal Insurance Ltd v Wasson (1987) 163 CLR

303, 126, 143

Fencott v Muller (1983) 152 CLR 570, 129

First Uniform Tax case (1942) 65 CLR 373, 88

Fitzgerald v Dianna Smith t/ads Escape Hair Design

[2010] FWA 7358, 302

Frugtniet v Board of Examiners [2002] VSC 140,

248, 252


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xii T A B L E O F C A S E S

Frugtniet v Board of Examiners [2005] VSC 332, 252

Gerhardy v Brown (1985) 159 CLR 70, 259, 277, 278,

281

Giannarelli v Wraith (1988) 165 CLR 543, 142

GIO v Bailey (1992) 27 NSWLR 34, 221

Hawkins v Clayton Utz (1986) 5 NSWLR 109, 142

Hyde v Hyde (1866) LR 1 P & D 130, 287

Imbree v McNeilly (2008) 236 CLR 510, 142

JF Goulding v Victorian Railways Commissioners (1932) 48

CLR 157, 107

JM v QFG (1997) EOC ¶ 92–876, 287

John v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1989) 166 CLR

417, 120, 142

Jones v Bartlett (2000) 205 CLR 166, 143

Jones v Commonwealth (1987) 71 ALR 497, 142

Jones v Director of Public Prosecution [1962] AC 635, 113

Kable v DPP(NSW) (1996) 189 CLR 51, 208

Kartinyeri v The Commonwealth [1998] HCA 22, 284

Kozul v the Queen (1981) 147 CLR 221, 221

Kruger v The Commonwealth (1997) 146 ALR 126, 257,

258, 284

Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189

CLR 520, 110, 141, 142

Law Society of NSW v Alexander [2016] NSWCATOD

158, 252

Law Society of NSW v Beazley [2017] NSWCATOD 35,

251

Law Society of NSW v Waterhouse [2002] NSWADT 204,

251

Law Society of South Australia v Rodda (2002) 83 SASR

541, 251

Leeth v Commonwealth (1992) 174 CLR 455, 256, 257,

283, 284

Legal Services Board v McGrath (No. 2) (2010) 29 VR 325,

251

Legal Services Commissioner v Searle [2016] NSWCATOD

23, 251

Lipohar v The Queen (1999) 200 CLR 485, 110, 141

Mabo v Queensland [No. 1] (1988) 166 CLR 186, 259,

284

Mabo v Queensland [No. 2] (1992) 175 CLR 1, 30, 44,

130, 139, 144, 259, 283, 284

Maunsell v Olins [1975] AC 373, 208

McGinty v Western Australia (1996) 186 CLR 140, 142

McQuire v Western Morning News (1903) 2 KB 100, 48

Mearing v Hellings (1845) 153 ER 661, 142

Meek v Fleming [1961] 2 QB 366, 239, 251

Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (1971) 17 FLR 141, 284

Miller v Miller [2011] HCA 9, 167

Miller v Minister of Pensions [1947] 2 All ER 372, 107

Momcilovic v The Queen (2011) 245 CLR 1, 142

Morrissey v The New South Wales Bar Association [2006]

NSWSC 323, 246, 252

New South Bar Association v Cummins (2001) 52 NSWLR

279, 251

New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 54,

54–5, 87

New South Wales v Commonwealth [2006] HCA 52;

(2006) 231 ALR 1, 94

Nguyen v Nguyen (1990) 169 CLR 245, 120, 142

North Sea Continental Shelf Cases [1969] ICJ Reports 3,

107

NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie

[2014] HCA 11, 287

Ogden v Illinois (1890) 25 NE 755, 221

Ogden Industries v Lucas [1970] AC 113, 106

Osborne v Rowlett [1879] 13 Ch D 774, 143

O’Toole v Charles David Pty Ltd (1990) 171 CLR 232,

143

Ott v Fleishman [1983] 5 WWR 721, 250

People v Belge 376 NYS 2d 771 (App Div 1975), 251

Perpetual Executors and Trustees Association of Australia

Ltd v Federal Commission of Taxation (1949) 77 CLR

493, 142

Perre v Apand (1999) 198 CLR 180, 115, 142

PGA v The Queen (2012) 245 CLR 355, 142

Pinnel’s Case (1572–1616) 5 Co Rep 117, 77 ER 237,

21, 47

Poonsup v Ku-Ring-Gai Council [2010] NSWLEC 1304,

Potter v Tural & Anor [2000] VSCA 227, 207

Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of New South Wales v

Carr [2003] NSWCA 2, 251

Queensland v Commonwealth (1977) 139 CLR 585, 142

R v Benz (1989) 168 CLR 110, 221

R v Deemal [2009] QCA 131, 221

R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers’ Society of Australia

(1956) 94 CLR 254, 54, 55, 87

R v Murrell (1836) 1 Legge 72, 284

R v Osland (1998) 197 CLR 316, 221

R v Porter (1933) 55 CLR 186, 107

R v Trade Practices Tribunal; Ex parte Tasmanian Breweries

Pty Ltd (1970) 123 CLR 361, 143

R v Van Beelen (1972) 6 SASR 534, 221

Ratten v The Queen [1972] AC 378, 221

Re Edith Haynes (1904) 6 WAR 209, 286

Re Legal Profession Act 2004; re OG, a lawyer [2007] VSC

520, 252

Re a Practitioner (1982) 30 SASR 27, 251

Re a Practitioner [2004] WASCA 283, 251

Re Simersall (1992) 35 FCR 584, 250

Re Tyler; Ex parte Foley (1994) 181 CLR 18, 120, 123,

142, 143


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xiiiT A B L E O F C A S E S

Re Wakim; Ex Parte McNally (1999) 198 CLR 511, 78,

142, 143

Roadshow Films v IINet [2012] HCA 16, 107

Rootes v Shelton (1967) 116 CLR 383, 143

Ruddock v Vadarlis [2001] FCA 1329, 89

Rural Workers Union v Mildura Branch of Australian Dried

Fruits Association (1912) 6 CAR 62, 286

S v Boulton (2006) 151 FCR 364, 142

Scott v Numurkah Corporation (1954) 91 CLR 300, 221

Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd [1962] AC 446,

143

South Australia v Tanner (1989) 166 CLR 161, 167

State Government Insurance Commission (SA) v Trigwell

(1979) 142 CLR 617, 141

Subramaniam v DPP [1956] 1 WLR 965, 221

Sykes v Cleary (1992) 176 CLR 77, 208

Tabet v Gett (2010) 240 CLR 537, 117, 142

Takapana Investments Pty Ltd v Teco Information Systems

Company Ltd (1998) 82 FCR 25, 142

Tasmania v Commonwealth (1904) 1 CLR 329, 88, 167

Tasmania v Victoria (1935) 52 CLR 157, 143

Telstra Corporation v Treloar (2000) 102 FCR 595, 142

Thomas v R (1937) 59 CLR 279, 221

TopPharm v Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals 336 F.3d 1322

(2003), 207

Towney v Minister for Land and Water Conservation

(NSW) (1997) 76 FCR 401, 142

Transurban City Link v Allan (1999) 95 FCR 553, 142

Trident General Insurance Co Ltd v McNiece Bros Pty Ltd

(1988) 165 CLR 107, 142

Union Steamship Co v King (1988) 166 CLR 1, 48

Victoria v Commonwealth (1957) 99 CLR 575, 88

Victoria v Commonwealth (1975) 134 CLR 338, 89

Victoria Park Racecourse v Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479, 101

Viro v The Queen (1978) 141 CLR 88, 114, 118, 142

Western Australia v Ward [2002] HCA 28, 279, 284, 287

Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 187 CLR 1, 143

Williams v Commonwealth (2012) 288 ALR 410, 69

Willis & Co v Baddeley [1892] 2 QB 324, 127

Wilson v Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway Co

(1874) LR 9 Ch App 279, 141

Windsor v National Mutual Life Association of Australasia

Ltd (1992) 106 ALR 282, 117

Woolcock Street Investments Pty Ltd v CDG Pty Ltd (2004)

216 CLR 515, 143

Woolmington v DPP [1935] AC 462, 107

Wurridjal v The Commonwealth of Australia [2009] HCA

2, 283

Zotti v Australia Associated Motor Insurers Ltd [2009]

NSWCA 323, 143


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TABLE OF STATUTES

COMMONWEALTH

Acts Interpretation Act 1901, 161

s 2B, 221

s 15AA, 159, 167

s 15AB, 167

s 19A, 167

s 23, 167

s 35, 167

s 36(1), 167

s 36(2), 167

Affirmative Action (Equal

Opportunity for Women) Act

1986, 279

Age Discrimination Act 2004, 284

s 33, 287

Australia Act 1986, 47, 79, 110

s 11, 141

Australian Citizenship Act 2007,

107

Australian Consumer Law, 107, 176,

196

s 24, 196

s 55, 176, 178–9, 182

s 55(3), 177, 182

s 232, 106

Australian Human Rights Commission

Act 1986, 284

Australian Information Commissioner

Act 2010, 58

Australian Law Reform Commission

Act 1996, 316

s 21(1), 306

Australian Solicitors’ Conduct Rules

2011, 251

Communist Party Dissolution Act

1950, 94

Competition and Consumer Act 2010

sch 2, 107

Constitution

ch I, 53

ch II, 53, 67, 70, 71, 72

ch III, 53, 54, 79

s 1, 53

s 2, 70

ss 2–5, 53

s 5, 70

s 7, 66, 144

ss 7–23, 53

s 24, 144

ss 24–50, 53

s 25, 144

s 51, 33, 68–9, 94

s 51(ii), 63

s 51(v), 60

s 51(viii), 60

s 51(xxi), 273

s 51(xxiii), 61

s 51(xxiiiA), 61

s 51(xxix), 48, 63

s 51(xxvi), 61–2, 285

s 51(xxviii), 48

s 53, 66

s 57, 66

s 61, 53, 67, 70, 72

s 62, 70, 71, 72, 73

s 63, 70

s 64, 53, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73

s 67, 72

s 68, 70

s 71, 54–5, 78

s 73(ii), 79

s 75, 76

s 75(v), 47

s 76, 76, 120

s 90, 123

s 92, 106

s 96, 69

s 108, 61

s 109, 48, 61, 106, 286

s 114, 106

s 117, 257

s 128, 61, 62, 106, 120

Copyright Act 1968, 107

Crimes Act 1914, 107

Criminal Code Act 1995, 107

Customs Act 1901, 107

Defence Force Discipline Act 1982,

221

Disability Discrimination Act 1992,

284

s 5(2), 260

s 45, 287

Evidence Act 1995, 96

s 48, 221

ss 53–54, 221

s 55, 221

s 78, 221

s 79, 221

s 101A, 97, 106, 167

s 110, 221

Fair Work Act 2009, 261, 271, 284

pt 2–7, 286

s 153, 287

s 195, 287

s 351, 287

s 381, 284

Family Law Act 1975, 79, 310

Federal Circuit Court of Australia

Legislation Amendment Act 2012,

79

Federal Court of Australia Act 1976,

79

s 16, 143

Federal Magistrates Court Act 1999,

79

Guardianship Act 1987, 167

Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Act

1994, 273

Immigration Restriction Act 1901,

267

Judiciary Act 1903, 76, 124

s 23(2), 143

Law of Property Act 1925

s 56, 126

Legal Profession Uniform Law, 226,

233, 235, 244, 246, 247, 250

ch 1, 236

ch 2, 236

ch 3, 236

ch 4, 236

ch 5, 236

ch 6, 236

ch 7, 236

ch 8, 236

ch 9, 236

pt 3.8, 252

s 25, 251

s 264, 251

s 296, 241, 251

s 297, 241–2

Legal Profession Uniform Law


2015, 237, 238

rr 3–6.2, 237

r 7.1, 251

r 7.2, 251

r 8.1, 251

r 9, 238, 239, 251

r 10, 251

xiv


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r 11, 251

r 12, 251

r 17, 251

r 18, 251

r 19.1, 239, 240, 251

r 19.2, 251

r 19.6, 251

r 20.1–20.3, 251

r 20.2, 240

Legislation Act 2003

s 42, 106, 167

s 50, 167

Legislative Instruments Act 2003, 106

Marriage Act 1961, 273

s 5(1), 274

Migration Act 1958

pt 2, 107

National Measurement Act 1960,

164–5

National Measurement Regulations

1999

sch 1 pt 1, 167

Northern Territory Supreme Court Act

1951, 90

Ombudsman Act 1976, 107

Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901, 267

Privacy Act 1988, 107

Privy Council (Appeals from the High

Court) Act 1975, 79, 110, 118

s 3, 141

Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals)

Act 1968, 78, 110

s 3, 141

s 4, 141

Racial Discrimination Act 1975, 284

s 8(1), 277, 287

s 10(1), 259

s 18C, 268

Re-establishment in Employment Act

1945, 278

Royal Commissions Act 1902

s 1A, 317

s 6A, 317

s 6FA, 317

Sex Discrimination Act 1984, 107,

270, 273, 284

s 7D, 287

s 31, 259

Statute of Westminster Adoption Act

1942, 34

Work Health and Safety Act 2011,

107

World Health Organization Act 1947,

107, 167

World Heritage Properties

Conservation Act 1983, 63

STATE AND TERRITORY

Australian Capital Territory

Act of Settlement 1700, 154

Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002, 107

Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005, 107

Human Rights Act 2004, 257

Legal Profession Act 2006, 235

Legal Profession (Barristers) Rules

2013., 235

Legal Profession (Solicitors) Conduct

Rules 2015, 235

Magna Carta 1297, 22

s 29, 47

Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act

2013, 274

Supreme Court Act 1933, 90

s 14, 143

New South Wales

Aborigines Protection Act 1909–1943

s 18 C(1), 263

Crimes Act 1900

s 38A, 107

Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act

1999, 107

District Court Act 1973, 90

Evidence Act 1995, 106

Gambling (Two-Up) Act 1998

s 3, 155–6

Interpretation Act 1987

s 33, 167

s 34, 167

Law Reform Commission Act 1967,

316

Legal Profession Uniform Admission

Rules 2015, 229–30, 251

reg 15, 252

reg 16, 252

reg 17, 252

reg 18, 252

reg 19, 252

reg 20, 252

sch 1 r 13, 251

Legal Profession Uniform Conduct

(Barristers) Rules 2015, 235, 250

r 4(b), 250

r 76, 250

r 80, 251

Legal Profession Uniform Continuing

Professional Development

(Barristers) Rules 2015, 251

Legal Profession Uniform Continuing

Professional Development

(Solicitors) Rules 2015, 251

Legal Profession Uniform General

Rules 2015, 236

Legal Profession Uniform Law 2015,

235, 250

s 10, 252

s 17, 252

s 19, 252

s 45, 252

s 174(1), 250

s 299(1)(a), 251

s 302(a), 251

s 302(c), 251

s 302(f), 251

s 302(g), 251

s 302(k), 251

s 302(l), 251


Application Act 2014

sch 2 s 2, 252



2015, 235

Legal Profession Uniform Solicitors’

Conduct Rules 2015, 250

r 3, 251

r 9, 250

r 28, 250

Property (Relationships) Act 1984, 287


s 45, 143

Northern Territory

Barristers Conduct Rules, 235

Interpretation Act

s 62A, 167

s 62B, 167


Rules of Professional Conduct and

Practice 2005, 235

Sentencing Act, 107


s 23, 143

xvT A B L E O F S T A T U T E S


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Queensland

Acts Interpretation Act 1954

s 14A, 167

s 14B, 167

Bail Act 1980, 90

Barristers Conduct Rules 2016, 235

Constitution Amendment Act 1921,

66

Criminal Code 1899

s 316A, 107

District Court of Queensland Act

1967, 90

Electronic Transactions Act 2001, 81

s 3, 90

sch 1, 90


316


s 308, 250

Legal Profession (Australian Solicitors

Conduct Rules) Notice 2012, 235

Penalties and Sentences Act 1992,

90, 107

Pest Management Act 2001, 155

sch 3, 167

Police Powers and Responsibilities Act

2000

s 754(3), 157

Right to Information Act 2009

s 71, 189–90



Supreme Court of Queensland Act

1991, 90

Transport Legislation (Taxi Services)

Act 2015, 167

Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 1999,

81

r 112, 90

r 283, 90

r 967, 90

r 975A, 90

r 975H, 90

r 975I, 90

r 975L, 90

Youth Justice Act 1992, 90

South Australia


s 22, 167


2015, 235

Barristers’ Conduct Rules 2013, 235

Criminal Law (Sentencing) Act 1988,

107

District Court Act 1991, 90

Hindmarsh Island Bridge Act 1997,

167

Legal Practitioners Act 1981, 235

Pitjantjatjara Lands Rights Act 1981,

277–8

s 4, 287

Returned Soldiers Settlement Act

1915, 278


Tasmania


s 8A, 167

s 8B, 167

Criminal Code, 273


Rules of Practice 1994, 235

Sentencing Act 1997, 107


Supreme Court Civil Procedure Act

1932, 90

Tobacco Act 1972, 123

Victoria

Charter of Rights and Freedoms 2006,

257

Constitution Act 1975, 90

County Court Act 1958, 90

Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act

1984, 302

Interpretation of Legislation Act 1984

s 35(a), 167

s 35(b), 167

Legal Profession Uniform Conduct

(Barristers) Rules 2015, 235

Legal Professional Uniform Law 2015,

250



2015, 235

Legal Profession Uniform Law (Legal

Profession Uniform Law Application

Act) 2014

sch 1, 235

Monetary Units Act 2004, 167


Status of Children (Amendment) Act

1984, 302

Victorian Law Reform Commission Act

2000, 316

s 5(1)(e), 316

Western Australia

District Court of Western Australia Act

1969, 90

Family Law Act 1975, 79

Interpretation Act 1984

s 18, 167

s 19, 167


316



s 6, 167


Western Australian Barristers’ Rules

2013, 235

UNITED KINGDOM

Act of Settlement 1700, 154

Australia Act 1986, 34, 110

s 11, 141

Australian Constitutions Act (No. 1)

1842, 31

Australian Constitutions Act (No. 2)

1850, 32

Australian Courts Act 1828, 32

Bill of Rights 1688, 29, 146

Children Act 1989, 317

Colonial Acts Validity Act 1865, 32

Constitution Act 1862, 64

Courts Act 1787, 48

Judicature Acts 1873 & 1875, 30

s 24, 111

s 25, 111

Magna Carta 1215, 22, 25–7, 27

art 39, 47

Magna Carta 1297, 254

New South Wales Act 1823, 32

South Australia Act 1842, 32

Statute of Westminster

1931, 34

Victoria Constitution Act 1855, 64

xvi T A B L E O F S T A T U T E S


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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

Convention (No. 111) Concerning

Discrimination in Respect of

Employment and Occupation 1960,

284

Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination Against

Women, 270

art 1, 272

Convention on the Elimination of

Racial Discrimination,

art 1, 258

art 4, 279

Convention and Protocol Relating to

the Status of Refugees 1951, 285

art 1(2), 267

Declaration on the Elimination of

Violence against Women 1993,

272, 286

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous

People, 258

International Bill of Rights, 258

International Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination 1969, 284

International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights, 258

art 17, 273

International Covenant on Economic

Social and Cultural Rights, 258

Rome Statute of the International

Criminal Court

art 6, 107

art 7, 107

art 8, 107

Universal Declaration on Human

Rights 1948, 292

art 1, 258

art 2, 258

art 7, 258

Vienna Convention on the Law of

Treaties between States and

International Organisations 1986

art 9, 107

xviiT A B L E O F S T A T U T E S


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xviii

AUTHORS

Anthony Marinac is a Lecturer in the School of Business and Law at Central Queensland

University, Rockhampton. He teaches online, reaching students all around Australia and the

region. He was called to the bar in Queensland in 2015, and maintains a part-time practice

as a barrister and mediator, primarily in criminal and family law. He has previously worked

as Counsel Assisting in Queensland’s Office of the State Coroner, was a commissioned

legal officer in the Royal Australian Air Force, and was Director of Research and a Senate

Committee Secretary in the Department of the Senate, Parliament House Canberra.

Brian Simpson is a Professor in the School of Law at the University of New England. He has

taught at various universities in Australia and England and currently teaches Introduction

to Legal Systems and Methods to commencing students and Family Law as a later year

elective. His research is inter-disciplinary and focuses on children’s rights, law and new

technologies, and social justice. He also has a long-standing interest in how access to law

can transform people’s lives and has been involved in many community legal centres and

welfare rights organisations over his legal career.

Caroline Hart is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Law and Justice at the University

of Southern Queensland. She has taught the core foundational law course, Australian

Legal System, for over ten years. Prior to joining the University of Southern Queensland,

Caroline provided legal, legislation and policy advice to state governments for over 15

years, including working on a number of commissions of inquiry. Caroline has provided

consultancy training services to state government, and consultancy legal services to private

law firms. Caroline has a PhD in Sustainable Regional/Rural Legal Practice, and a Master of

Law in government use of information technology. She is a member of the Queensland Law

Society, the Downs and Southern Western District Law Society, the Australian Centre for

Sustainable Business and Development Centre, the Institute of Resilient Regions, and is a

director on the National Rural Law and Justice Alliance.

Rhianna Chisholm is an Associate Lecturer at Curtin Law School at Curtin University.

Rhianna has held this position since 2014 and has focused on developing expertise in

teaching introductory law units to first-year law students. Rhianna has a Bachelor of

Laws from Murdoch University and a Master of Laws from the University of Western

Australia. She is currently completing her PhD at the University of Western Australia on

the effectiveness of court-based diversion in Western Australia. Her research interests

include mental health law and capacity, human rights, international law and criminal

justice.

Jennifer Nielsen is Associate Professor in the School of Law and Justice at Southern

Cross University. She is an experienced legal scholar with expertise in discrimination

and employment law, critical race and critical whiteness theory, and social justice in

rural, regional and remote communities. She has taught across the undergraduate law

curriculum, and supervises honours and postgraduate candidatures. Jennifer is also active


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xixA U T H O R S

in community organisations in the Northern Rivers region in New South Wales, and is the

current Chairperson of the Committee of Management, Northern Rivers Community Legal

Centre. Before joining Southern Cross in 1994, she practised as a solicitor in New South

Wales and Victoria, and worked in academic positions with both the Monash Orientation

Scheme for Aborigines and the Faculty of Law at Monash University.

Michael Brogan is Senior Lecturer and Director of Engagement in the School of Law at

Western Sydney University. He has held numerous administrative positions within the

university and has a long connection with community centres, community organisations

and public health campaigns.


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xx

USING YOUR VITALSOURCE EBOOK

Once you have registered your VitalSource access code (see the inside front cover for instructions),

you will have access to the interactive eBook via your VitalSource Bookshelf. The below navigation

instructions provide a general overview of the main features used within the interactive eBook.

ICON

This icon is used throughout the textbook to indicate the presence of an interactive

component in the eBook. A descriptor below indicates the type of content available.

HIGHLIGHT

Highlight text with one click in your choice of colors.

Add notes to highlighted passages.

KEY TERMS

Click on bolded terms to display pop-up definitions

of key concepts.

NAVIGATION AND SEARCH

Move between pages and sections in multiple ways,

including via the linked table of contents and the search

tool.


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xxiU S I N G Y O U R V I T A L S O U R C E E B O O K

LINKS

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your knowledge on the topics presented in the

book.

EXTENSION QUESTIONS

Further your knowledge as you work

through the content. Read the question

and type your answer in the box.

Submit your answer to view the guided

solution and assess your response. Note

that the solution pop-ups can be moved

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REVIEW QUESTIONS

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VIDEO

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xxii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank David Wenitong, Suzanne Smales, Stephen Page <more

names to come>, each of whom contributed a case study to this text. They would also like to

thank the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, Peter Wellington, the Chief

Magistrate of Queensland, Ray Rinaudo, the State Coroner of Queensland, Terry Ryan,

the University of Queensland and the staff of the Supreme Court Library in Brisbane, all

of whom kindly contributed to the development of the introductory videos found in the

online version of this text. They would lastly like to thank the anonymous referees of this

text, who provided valuable constructive feedback that aided the development of this book.

The authors and Cambridge University Press would like to thank the following for

permission to reproduce material in this book.

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