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DC (NF/SW) 130433/4© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*8269212905*
GEOGRAPHY 0460/11Paper 1 May/June 2017 1 hour 45 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.Additional Materials: Ruler Calculator
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.
Answer three questions, one from each section.
The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 3, Photograph C and Fig. 5 for Question 4, Fig. 6 for Question 5 and Photograph D for Question 6.The Insert is not required by the Examiner.Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
DefinitionsMEDCs – More Economically Developed CountriesLEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries
The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
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Section A
Answer one question from this section.
QUESTION 1
1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population of Paraguay (an LEDC) and Belgium (an MEDC).
0 080 80160population (in thousands) population (in thousands)age
160240 240320 320400 400
youngdependents
economicallyactive
olddependents
100+95–9990–9485–8980–8475–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–145–90–4
ageParaguay
male female
0 080 80160population (in thousands) population (in thousands)age
160240 240320 320400 400
youngdependents
economicallyactive
olddependents
youngdependents
economicallyactive
olddependents
youngdependents
economicallyactive
olddependents
100+95–9990–9485–8980–8475–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–145–90–4
ageBelgium
male female
Fig. 1
(i) Identify the age group with the largest population in Paraguay.
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(ii) Describe two differences between the shape of the population pyramids of Paraguay and Belgium.
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(iii) Give three reasons why the number of young dependents in LEDCs such as Paraguay is high.
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(iv) Explain why there is a large number of old dependents in MEDCs such as Belgium.
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(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about the expected increases in the average age of people in different parts of the world.
37 to 41North
America40 to 46Europe
Expected increases in the average age of people (2013 to 2050)
29 to 40Asia
32 to 37Australasia
19 to 25Africa
2013to
2050average age
of people
Key 27 to 41South
America
Fig. 2
(i) Using Fig. 2 only, compare the likely changes in the average age of people in Europe with the average age of people in South America between 2013 and 2050.
You should include data from Fig. 2 in your answer.
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(ii) Explain why an increase in the percentage of old dependents may cause problems for a country.
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(c) For a named country you have studied, explain why the natural population growth rate is low.
Name of country ..........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 1
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QUESTION 2
2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which is a graph showing GDP per person (a measure of wealth) and the percentage of the population living in urban areas for selected countries.
500000
25
50
75
100
10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000GDP per person (US$)
urbanpopulation
(percentage)
30 000 35 000 40 000
UnitedStates
Netherlands
Britain
FranceMexico
China
IndiaPakistan
Bangladesh
Brazil
Russia GermanyJapanNigeria
Indonesia
Fig. 3
(i) Identify the country from Fig. 3 which has a GDP per person of US$ 9000 and 75% of its population living in urban areas.
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(ii) To what extent is there a positive relationship between GDP per person and the percentage of the population living in urban areas?
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(iii) Give three different reasons why large numbers of people are migrating from urban areas to rural areas in MEDCs.
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(iv) Explain why the percentage of the population living in urban areas in LEDCs is increasing.
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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows reasons for the growth of squatter settlements.
Incomeinequality
Lack ofeconomic
growth
PovertyLack of
affordablehousing
Growth ofsquatter
settlements
Large urbanpopulation
Fig. 4
(i) Using ideas from Fig. 4 only, explain in your own words why many squatter settlements have grown in urban areas in LEDCs.
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(ii) Describe the problems of living in a squatter settlement.
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(c) For an urban area you have studied, describe the strategies used to reduce problems caused by the growth of squatter settlements.
Name of urban area ..........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 2
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Section B
Answer one question from this section.
QUESTION 3
3 (a) Study Photograph A (Insert), which shows a coastal landform.
(i) Name the landform shown in Photograph A.
Choose from the landforms below and circle your answer.
Arch Cave Spit Stack [1]
(ii) Describe the landform shown in Photograph A.
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(iii) Suggest how the landform shown in Photograph A was formed by coastal erosion.
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(iv) Explain how the landform shown in Photograph A may change in the future as a result of natural processes.
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(b) Study Photograph B (Insert), which shows an area where coastal erosion is occurring.
(i) Suggest three problems which are likely to be faced by people living in the area shown in Photograph B as a result of coastal erosion.
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(ii) Explain why many people live on or close to the coast even though it may be hazardous.
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(c) Explain how a sand spit is formed. You should include a labelled diagram or series of diagrams.
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 3
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QUESTION 4
4 (a) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a river landform.
(i) Name the landform shown in Photograph C.
Choose from the landforms below and circle your answer.
Delta Levee Rapids Waterfall [1]
(ii) Describe the landform shown in Photograph C.
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(iii) Suggest how the landform shown in Photograph C was formed by river erosion.
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(iv) Explain how the landform shown in Photograph C may change in the future as a result of natural processes.
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(b) Study Fig. 5 (Insert), which shows an area close to the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada (an MEDC).
(i) Using evidence from Fig. 5 only, suggest three problems which flooding of the Fraser River may cause.
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(ii) Explain why many people live near to rivers even though it may be hazardous.
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(c) For a named river you have studied, explain the causes of flooding.
Name of river ..........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 4
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Section C
Answer one question from this section.
QUESTION 5
5 (a) Study Fig. 6 (Insert), which shows information about electricity generation in France.
(i) How much electricity was generated in total in France in 2012?
......................................... TWh [1]
(ii) Using Fig. 6 only, identify:
– a fossil fuel used to generate electricity in France; ..................................
– a renewable form of energy used in France. ................................... [2]
(iii) Using Fig. 6 only, describe three changes in the importance of different methods of generating electricity in France between 1972 and 2012.
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(iv) Explain how a country can benefit by generating electricity using renewable forms of energy rather than by using fossil fuels.
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(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows information about the location of nuclear power stations in France.
Civaux
Chinon
BrennilisSt-Laurent Belleville
Dampierre
Nogent
PaluelLa Hague
Flamanville
Penly
GravelinesUK
ITALY
Lille
Reims
Tours
Caen
Rouen
Poitiers
Bayonne Toulouse
ValenceSaint-Etienne
Clermont-Ferrand Lyon
Nîmes
Orléans
PARIS
BELGIUMGERMANY
Troyes
Metz
Mulhouse
SPAIN ANDORRA
Brest
Nantes
Bordeaux
Marseille
MediterraneanSea
AtlanticOcean
NETHERLANDS
Strasbourg
SWITZERLAND
LUX.Chooz
Cattenom
Fessenheim
BugeyCreys-Malville
St-Alban
CruasMarcoule
TricastinGolfech
Le Blayaisnuclear powerstation
Key
capital citymain citiesriverinternationalborder
0 250km
N
Fig. 7
(i) Use information from Fig. 7 only to describe the distribution of nuclear power stations in France.
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(ii) Describe the benefits and disadvantages of nuclear power.
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(c) Explain the location of a factory or industrial zone in a named area you have studied.
Name of area ...........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 6
6 (a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about different types of tourism.
cultural or historic tourism
outdoor adventure tourism
beach tourism
ecotourism
Fig. 8
(i) In which employment sector is tourism?
Circle your answer below.
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary [1]
(ii) Identify the type of tourism shown on Fig. 8 which:
– is likely to have the least impact on the natural environment;
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– has developed because of the attractions of the built (human) environment.
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(iii) Choose one type of tourism shown on Fig. 8 and explain how it might cause problems for local people.
Type of tourism chosen ...................................................
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(iv) Choose two different types of landscape and explain why they attract tourists.
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(b) Study Photograph D (Insert), which was taken in Mumbai, India (an LEDC).
(i) Using Photograph D, suggest three ways in which tourism can create employment for people in Mumbai.
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(ii) Explain how the tourist industry shown in Photograph D might cause problems for the local natural environment.
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(c) For a named area you have studied where tourism is important, explain how it is being managed in order for it to be sustainable.
Name of area ..........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 6
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Additional Pages
If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
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Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.