CAM: Urban Water Supply Project - Siem Reap Subproject

Initial Environmental Examination

April 2018

CAM: Urban Water Supply Project -

Siem Reap Subproject

Prepared by the Siem Reap Water Supply Authority for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in September 2014 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/urban-water-supply-project-siem-reap-iee. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Siem Reap Water Supply Authority

Asian Development Bank

KINGDOM OF

CAMBODIA

in Joint Venture with

in Association with

URBAN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT

(SIEM REAP SUBPROJECT)

ADB LOAN NO. 3232-CAM (SF)

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

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Initial Environmental Examination

April 2018

Urban Water Supply Project

(Siem Reap Subproject)

ADB Loan No. 3232-CAM (SF)

Prepared by the Siem Reap Water Supply Authority for the Asian Development Bank

This is an updated version of the draft IEE originally posted in September 2014 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/urban-water-supply-project-siem-reap-iee

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of March 24, 2018)

Currency unit – Riel

R1.00 = $0.00025

$1.00 = R4,000

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

AFD – Agence Francaise de Development

AP – Affected person

APSARA – Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor

and the Region of Siem Reap

APL – Angkor Protected Landscape

DBST – Double bituminous surface treated road

DMC – Developing member country

DPWT – Department of Public Works and Transport

EIA – Environmental impact assessment

EMP – Environmental management plan

GRC – Grievance redress committee

GRM – Grievance redress mechanism

HDPE – High density polyethylene

IEE – Initial Environmental Examination

IEIA – Initial Environmental Impact Assessment

JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency

MIH – Ministry of Industry and Handicraft

MIME – Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy

MOE – Ministry of Environment

NTU – Nephelometric turbidity unit

OD – Outside diameter

PEO – Provincial Environmental Office

PIAC – Project implementation assistance consultants

PMU – Project management unit

PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

RGC – Royal Government of Cambodia

ROW – Right-of-way

SRWSA – Siem Reap Water Supply Authority

TBSR – Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve

UXO – Unexploded ordnance

WTP – water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

m3 – Cubic meter

Km – Kilometer

M – Meter

Mm – Millimeter

ml – Milliliter

ppm – Parts per million

mg/l – Milligram per liter

dBA – Decibels

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NOTES

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views

expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors,

Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any

designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the

Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status

of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... VI

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 1

A. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ................................................................................ 1

B. ORIGINAL PROJECT SCOPE ........................................................................................... 2

C. REVISED PROJECT SCOPE............................................................................................. 2

D. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND SCHEDULE ................................................................... 3

1. Activities .................................................................................................................. 3

2. Construction Schedule ............................................................................................. 4

3. Manpower Requirements ......................................................................................... 4

III. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................... 6

A. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .......................................................................... 6

B. HERITAGE LEGISLATION ................................................................................................ 6

C. DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ......................................................................... 7

D. ADB SAFEGUARD POLICIES ON ENVIRONMENT ............................................................... 8

1. Environmental Impact Assessment and Public Consultation .................................... 9

2. Disclosure of IEE Document .................................................................................... 9

3. Environment Monitoring ........................................................................................... 9

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................... 9

A. PHYSICAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 9

B. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................... 11

C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................... 11

V. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............. 16

A. PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................... 16

B. AFFECTED AREAS ....................................................................................................... 16

C. IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................ 17

D. OPERATIONAL PHASE .................................................................................................. 20

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................................. 21

A. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ............................................................................................. 21

B. KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS ...................................................................................... 23

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ........................................................................ 25

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.................................................................. 26

A. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................................................................. 27

1. Compliance Monitoring .......................................................................................... 27

2. Reporting ............................................................................................................... 28

B. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ........................................................................... 28

C. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................... 29

SRWSA-PMU ................................................................................................................... 31

IX. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 40

Appendix 1: Documentation of Consultation Meetings ......................................................... 41

Appendix 2: Public Information Booklet ................................................................................ 55

Appendix 3: Organization of the Project Management Unit of SRWSA ................................ 59

Appendix 4: Simplified Environmental Monitoring Inspection Checklist ................................ 62

Appendix 5: Template of Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report ............................ 63

Appendix 6: Approval Letter From Provincial Governor ........................................................ 65

Appendix 7: Standard Operating Procedure of Srwsa for Water Quality Tests ..................... 66

Appendix 8: Standard Operating Procedure of SRWSA for Pipe Laying/Installation............. 67

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Water supply distribution pipe specifications ............................................................ 3

Table 2: Size of trench for various pipe sizes ......................................................................... 3

Table 3: Drinking Water Quality Standards ............................................................................ 7

Table 4: List of Sensitive Receptors along Distribution Pipe Alignment ................................ 15

Table 5: Dates and venue of the public consultation meetings ............................................. 22

Table 6: Issues and concerns discussed during the public consultations ............................. 22

Table 7: Composition of the PMU ........................................................................................ 29

Table 8: Matrix of Environmental Management Plan ............................................................ 31

Table 9: Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................ 39

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Soil filling after pipe laying ....................................................................................... 4

Figure 2: Location of pipe laying work .................................................................................... 5

Figure 3: Location of water supply distribution network improvement ................................... 10

Figure 4: Angkor Zones 1 and 2 .......................................................................................... 13

Figure 5: Map of Kouk Chak commune showing the service area and the Angkor Wat temples ........ 14

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

Photo 1: Example of household wells in Kouk Chak commune ............................................ 11

Photo 2: Typical land uses along the distribution pipe alignment.......................................... 12

Photo 3: Condition of affected roads and structures along the pipe alignment ..................... 15

Photo 4: Public consultation meetings.................................................................................. 24

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

The Cambodia: Urban Water Supply Project is an approved loan from the Asian Development

Bank (ADB) which aims to improve water supply infrastructure and services in selected

provincial waterworks. The project consists of four main outputs, namely:

Output 1: Improvement of water supply systems in seven towns;

Output 2: New water supply system for Stung Treng;

Output 3: Expansion of water supply coverage in Siem Reap; and

Output 4: Project implementation support.

This updated Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report is for the proposed Siem Reap

Water Supply subproject under Output 3. The updated IEE is prepared as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) Law on

Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (December 1996).

Siem Reap Water Supply Sub-Project

Siem Reap has been selected as one of the subprojects where a new water distribution zone

will be provided under Output 3. This focuses mainly on the expansion of the water supply

coverage in Zone 1, to distribute water from the new water treatment plants (WTPs) of the

Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA), a state-owned enterprise.

An IEE was prepared in 2014 as part of the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA).

The original scope of the subproject in Siem Reap involves the improvement of the water

supply network for Zone 1 and a narrow section of APSARA area in Kouk Chak commune.

This includes a 6.5 km long 600mm HDPE transmission pipe from the existing water treatment

plant along National Road No. 6 (NR6) to connect to new and existing distribution pipe network

in Zone 1. HDPE distribution pipe network up to 250mm diameter will be installed to serve

8,000 households and businesses in Zone 1 and will extend to a strip of residential area in

APSARA zone that falls within the Kouk Chak commune. Other components of the project

include zone and household meters, valves and other appurtenance as needed to regulate the

system.

Updated Components of the Siem Reap Water Supply Sub-Project

The main transmission and the 15,000 m3/day WTP are already being implemented by

SRWSA through another funding source. The ADB loan package in Siem Reap will comprise

of procurement of pipes, valves, fittings and equipment. The SRWSA will make its own

arrangements for the project implementation under its Project Management Unit (PMU).

Although the works are excluded from ADB financing, the works are still considered an

associated facility under ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and the method statement

for works has been agreed with ADB is included in Appendix 8.

Based on the final detailed design, the target new distribution area will still be in Zone 1 and in

some areas in Zones 2 and 3 where new and replacement pipes will be installed. Overall, the

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pipe replacement will have a total length of 17.874 km while pipe expansion will cover 79.236

km. Based on the construction plan, the old pipes will not be removed but instead these old

pipes will be abandoned and new pipes will be laid out. These water supply distribution pipes

will be laid along roads.

Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Findings during the environmental due diligence confirm that the subproject is still Category B

for environment based on ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). The pipe alignment will

remain on the side of existing roads. The identified impacts will primarily occur during

construction within a limited area along the pipe alignment. The adverse impacts are few,

temporary, generally site-specific, largely reversible, and can be readily addressed through

mitigation measures.

Flexible HDPE pipes will be used for the water distribution pipes which enables avoidance of

fences, electric poles and other structures along the pipe alignment. Works are restricted to a

section of pipe installation that can be completed in one day to avoid leaving excavated areas

open overnight. Should there be driveways, sidewalks and road sections that will be affected,

the SRWSA will ensure consultation with affected households and DPWT prior to works and

that there will be restoration of damaged areas to its original condition. Cost of restoration will

be shouldered by SRWSA. Proper coordination will also be undertaken prior to and during pipe

laying activities in identified sensitive receptors along the pipe alignment which consists of five

schools, seven pagodas and temple areas, and three hospitals/health centers. None of these

sensitive receptors are cultural heritage sites.

There will be no significant environmental impacts to the APSARA area in Kouk Chak

commune since the area is already characterized as a built-up area with houses, shops, and

access roads. The water supply pipe alignment is far from the Angkor Wat site and other

significant temples of the complex. During the meeting with the APSARA National Authority,

it was confirmed that there is no problem with the proposed water supply distribution project

since water is essential to the communities. The APSARA only requires a formal notice from

the SRWSA about the implementation of the project. Formal approval from the Provincial

Government was obtained and included in Appendix 6.

The environmental management plan (EMP) of the subproject is presented in Table 8.

Institutional Arrangement on Environment Safeguards

A PMU has been formally organized by the SRWSA by virtue of an office order issued in 2017.

The PMU is composed of 16 staff who will oversee the implementation of the project including

ensuring compliance with the ADB and MEF requirements.

The SRWSA has designated Mr. Meas. Sopheaktra as the focal person on environment,

health, safety, and social safeguards. Mr. Meas Sopheaktra will coordinate with the contractor

and the Project Implementation Assistance (PIA) consultants to ensure that the EMP is

implemented properly and that safeguards requirements of the subproject are met.

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I. INTRODUCTION

The Cambodia: Urban Water Supply Project is an approved loan to the Royal Government of

Cambodia amounting to US$34.00 Million through the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft

(MIH). The Project will provide additional new and rehabilitated water supply infrastructure and

extension of system coverage to expand access to safe water in nine towns in Cambodia. The

Project aims to improve the performance of water utilities to give residents greater access to

safe piped water supply through the rehabilitation and improvement of existing water treatment

plants (WTPs), construction of new WTPs, and construction or replacement of distribution

pipelines to increase system pressure and improve service delivery. The Project targets to

reduce non-revenue water (NRW) levels to below 15% by using improved material and

construction practices in its works to complement ongoing non-revenue water (NRW) reduction

initiatives by the service providers and other development partners.

The Project consists of four main outputs, namely:

Output 1: Improvement of water supply systems in seven towns;

Output 2: New water supply system for Stung Treng;

Output 3: Expansion of water supply coverage in Siem Reap; and

Output 4: Project implementation support.

This updated Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report is for Output 3 of the Siem Reap

Water Supply subproject. An IEE for the subproject was prepared in 2014 as part of the Project

Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA). This updated IEE report presents the findings of

the environmental due diligence based on the detailed plan of the distribution network

alignment. The due diligence aims to confirm whether there will be significant impacts in the

areas that will be bounded by the subproject, particularly at the APSARA Zone.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Existing Water Supply System

The Siem Reap water supply system utilizes groundwater as source of supply and has

undergone extensive improvements under previous projects. The current water supply system

was largely constructed by JICA in 2006, with a treatment capacity of 8,000 m3/day. Treatment

consists of chlorination, aeration and filtration. The current demand causes the system to

exceed its design capacity. More importantly, continued groundwater pumping is lowering the

groundwater table while the city faces severe shortage of water to serve the rapidly growing

tourism and allied industries.

Construction of new water treatment plant (WTP) with capacity of 15,000 m3/day was

completed in May 2019. This new treatment plant was built with support from the Agence

Francaise de Development (AFD). The raw water source is the surface water from the canal

of West Baray reservoir. Treatment used is the conventional sedimentation/filtration system.

The new WTP is located next to the existing treatment plant of SRWSA which is located in

Sandan Village, Sangkat Tel Vil. It occupies a land area of 6000 square meters. The property

is owned by SRWSA.

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Treated water from the new WTP will be channeled to the main transmission line along NR6.

A separate IEIA study was conducted on the new water treatment plant and transmission line

by SRWSA during detailed design to identify the adverse impacts during project

implementation. Water quality tests on the raw water source were conducted to determine the

feasibility of the source and level of treatment necessary to remove contaminants. The IEIA

developed an environmental management plan to address adverse impacts. Approval from

MoE on the IEE report is not required as the target population of this project is less than 10,000.

Cost of rehabilitation/restoration of affected facilities and sections of NR6 during pipe laying

has been included in the contract price.

In addition, JICA has conducted a feasibility study for another water treatment plant using

surface water from Tonle Sap Lake. Raw water would be extracted during high water periods

(generally July – December) to offset groundwater extractions and to augment supplies. The

WTP from JICA is expected to start construction in 2019. Treated water from the WTPs will

connect to the water supply network to provide potable piped water to the service areas of

SRWSA.

B. Original Project Scope

The original scope of the subproject in Siem Reap involves the improvement of the water

supply network for Zone 1 and a narrow section of APSARA zone. This includes a 6.5 km long

600mm HDPE transmission pipe from the existing water treatment plant that will run along

National Road No. 6 (NR6) to connect to new and existing distribution piping in Zone 1. HDPE

distribution piping up to 250mm diameter will be installed to serve 8,000 households and

businesses in Zone 1 and will extend to a strip of residential area in APSARA zone that falls

within the Kouk Chak commune. Other components of the project include zone and household

meters, valves and other appurtenance as needed to regulate the system.

C. Revised Project Scope

The main transmission and the 15,000 m3/day WTP are already being implemented by

SRWSA through another funding source. The ADB loan package in Siem Reap will comprise

of procurement of pipes, valves, fittings and equipment. The SRWSA will make its own

arrangements for the project implementation under its Project Management Unit (PMU).

Although the works are excluded from ADB financing, the works are still considered an

associated facility under ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and the method statement

for works has been agreed with ADB is included in Appendix 8.

The target new distribution area will be in the community areas in Zones 1, 2 and 3 of Siem

Reap city. Overall, the pipe replacement will have a total length of 17.874 km while pipe

expansion will cover 79.236 km. These distribution pipes will be laid along existing road right-

of-way (ROW). The sizes of the distribution network ranged from 63 mm – 225 mm. Details of

the distribution pipe network are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1: Water supply distribution pipe specifications

Size of Pipe Type of Pipe Length, meters

A. Pipe Replacement

225 mm HDPE pipe 0D225 1,809

160 mm HDPE pipe OD160 9,126

110 mm HDPE pipe OD110 6,939

Sub-total (pipe replacement) 17,874 meters

B. Pipe Expansion

225 mm HDPE pipe OD225 10,125

160 mm HDPE pipe OD160 11,187

110 mm HDPE pipe OD110 52,245

63 mm HDPE pipe OD63 5,679

Sub-total (pipe expansion) 79,236 meters

TOTAL LENGTH 97,110 meters

D. Construction Activities and Schedule

1. Activities

All the distribution lines will be installed along existing roads within the designated area

reserved for water supply lines. Pipes will be laid along the sidewalk and close to the property

of the households to be connected to the water supply distribution line.

The construction activities will involve the excavation of the trench, pipe laying, soil filling and

covering, and restoration and finishing of ground. The width of the trench excavation ranges

from 0.4-0.6m while the depth ranges from 0.6-1.0m. The size of the trench will depend on the

size of the pipe to be laid. Majority of the excavation works will be done manually but there are

a few sections where an excavator will be needed to break the concrete pavement of sidewalks

and driveways. The sizes of the trench according to pipe size are outlined in Table 2.

Table 2: Size of trench for various pipe sizes

No. Pipe size (mm)

Trench size (mm)

Excavation (by hand) Excavation (by excavator)

Width (W) Depth (H) Width (W) Depth (H)

1 63 400 600 500 600

2 110 500 700 500 800

3 160 500 800 600 900

4 225 500 900 600 1000

Once the trench is excavated, about 0.1m layer of sand bedding will be placed on the trench

before pipe laying. After the pipes have been laid out, the trench will be covered with sand and

soil. The excavated soil from the trench will be used to backfill the trench. Upon completion of

a pipe section, leak tests will be undertaken within a few days before the final cover of either

laterite or concrete is placed. The final cover will depend on the original type of pavement of

the road/driveway, i.e. road shoulder, laterite, double bituminous surface treated (DBST) road,

asphalt or concrete. Figure 1 presents the soil filling on various types of road surface.

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Figure 1: Soil filling after pipe laying

2. Construction Schedule

For every 500 meters, trench excavation up to pipe installation would take about 2 – 3 days

for earth roads and about 4 – 7 days for concrete or DBST road surface.

3. Manpower Requirements

Construction will be directly implemented by the SRWSA under the supervision of the PMU.

There will be four teams for construction, with each team composed of 7 – 8 people. Labor

contractors will be hired by SRWSA to assist the SRWSA construction team.

The SRWSA has a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for pipe laying which will be observed

by the construction teams as well as its labor contractors. The SOP includes methods and

measures to manage trench excavation, pipe laying activities, and until testing and operation

of the distribution network.

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Figure 2: Location of pipe laying work

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III. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The hierarchy of legislation in Cambodia includes the Constitution, laws issued by the National

Assembly, decrees/sub-decrees/implementing regulations issued by the Council of Ministers,

implementing legislation (Prakas) issued by ministries and decree laws, which are legal

instruments issued prior to the 1992 Constitution. Article 59 of the Cambodian Constitution

provides for the protection of the environment.

A. Environmental Impact Assessment

In November 1996, the Cambodian National Assembly passed the Law on Environmental

Protection and Natural Resource Management (the framework law). The objectives of this law

are to protect environmental quality through the prevention, reduction and control of pollution,

to establish an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system, to ensure sustainable use of

natural resources, to encourage public participation and to suppress acts which are harmful to

the environment. The law calls for EIAs to be conducted for every private or public project, to

be reviewed by the Ministry of Environment before submission to the Government for a final

decision. All proposed as well as existing activities are to be covered under this requirement.

The EIA policy has been extended through the Sub-decree on Environmental Impact

Assessment Process passed by the Council of Ministers on 11 Aug 1999. Under the sub-

decree an Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) report is required from a project

owner either private, joint-venture or public sector. A Project Owner must apply to the MOE

for reviewing the IEIA report or to the Provincial/Urban Environmental Office (PEO) if the

investment value is less than $2,000,000 and environmental impacts are not considered

severe. In the case of a project that causes serious impact, the Project Owner must prepare a

full EIA report and apply to the MOE for review. In practice, all IEIAs and related documents

are reviewed and approved by the Department of EIA in the MOE. Declaration No. 49 Guideline

for EIA Reports was issued in June 2000, and Declaration No. 745 Determination of Service

Charge for Environmental Impact Assessment Report Review and Follow-up and Monitoring

of Project Implementation was issued in October, 2000.

Annex of the sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK presents the list of projects that require an IEIA. In

accordance with the Sub-Decree No. 72 ANRK.BK (August 1999), water supply projects with

≥10,000 users, require an EIA/IEIA to be submitted to the Ministry of Environment (MOE) for approval of the project. The Siem Reap subproject is not required to secure an environmental

approval/clearance while the target number of household connections is only 5,000

households located in Zone 1 in Sangkat Svay Dangkom, Kouk Chak, Slor Kram, and

Salakamreuk. Majority of the connections will be in Sangkat Svay Dangkom and Kouk Chak.

B. Heritage Legislation

The APSARA, the Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of

Siem Reap (hereafter referred to as the APSARA Authority), was established in 1995. It is in

charge of research, protection and conservation of cultural heritage of the Angkor Protected

Landscape (APL), as well as urban and tourist development. In December of 1995 the World

Heritage Committee confirmed Angkor's permanent inscription on the List of World Heritage

Sites in Danger.

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There are several royal decrees related to the establishment and authority of the APSARA

Authority and the protection of the cultural heritage of Angkor:

Royal Decree NS/RKT/0295/12 establishing a National Authority for the Protection and

Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap, named APSARA (1995,

amended in 1998 by Decree NS/RKT/0199/18)1.

Royal Decree 001/NS establishing Protected Cultural Zones in the Siem Reap/Angkor

Region and Guidelines for their Management2. The decree establishes management

zones within Siem Reap.

In the process of pipe laying and installation, a chance find procedure will be in force that

complies with Articles 37-39 of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage (1996) and such

finds should not be disturbed until assessed by an expert from the APSARA Authority or other

expert as approved by the APSARA Authority. The SRWSA has already acquired the approval

letter from the Provincial Governor for the pipe installation, copy furnished to relevant

authorities including APSARA (Appendix 6).

C. Drinking Water Quality Standards

The national water quality standards for drinking water are set out in Prakas No. 294 dated

April 27, 2004 which was issued by the Department of Potable Water Supply, Ministry of

Industry, Mines, and Energy (MIME). Table 3 presents the drinking water quality parameters

and the allowable limits.

Table 3: Drinking Water Quality Standards

No Parameter Unit Standard Value

Bacteriological Quality for Drinking Water

1 Fecal Coliforms Count/100ml 0 per 100 ml

2 Total Coliforms Count/100ml 0 per 100 ml

Inorganic Constituents that affect health in drinking water

1 Arsenic mg/L, (ppm) 0.05

2 Barium mg/L, (ppm) 0.7

3 Cadmium mg/L, (ppm) 0.003

4 Chromium mg/L, (ppm) 0.05

5 Cyanide mg/L, (ppm) 0.07

6 Fluoride mg/L, (ppm) 1.5

7 Lead mg/L, (ppm) 0.01

8 Mercury mg/L, (ppm) 0.001

9 Nickel mg/L, (ppm) 0.02

10 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L, (ppm) 50

11 Nitrite as NO2 mg/L, (ppm) 3

12 Selenium mg/L, (ppm) 0.01

1 See http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree1.html and

http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree2_text.html for English translations. 2 See http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/about_apsara/legal_texts/decree3_text.html for an English translation.

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No Parameter Unit Standard Value

Physical, chemical and aesthetic quality of drinking water

1 Taste - Acceptable

2 Odor - Acceptable

3 Color - 5 TCU

4 Turbidity mg/L 5 NTU

5 Residual chlorine mg/L 0.2-0.5

6 Aluminum mg/L 0.2

7 Ammonia mg/L 1.5

8 Chloride mg/L 250

9 Copper mg/L 1

10 Hardness mg/L 300

11 Hydrogen Sulfide mg/L 0.05

12 Iron mg/L 0.3

13 Manganese mg/L 0.1

14 pH - 6.5-8.5

15 Sodium mg/L 200

16 Sulfate mg/L 250

17 Total dissolved solids mg/L 800

18 Zinc mg/L 3

D. ADB Safeguard Policies on Environment

The environment safeguards requirement of ADB is outlined in the Safeguard Policy Statement

(SPS 2009) and detailed in the Operational Manual Section F1/BP3. The requirements follow

ADB’s Strategy 20204, which emphasizes the pursuit of environmentally sustainable and

inclusive economic growth for developing member countries (DMCs). ADB outlines a set of

requirements for borrowers/clients in addressing environmental and social impacts of projects.

Based on the SPS 2009, all ADB-financed projects must undergo an environmental

assessment to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects. It also aims

to support the integration of environmental considerations in the project decision-making

process by developing safeguards to avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment

and affected people, minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts when

avoidance is not possible, and help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems

and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks.

When a Project has been identified for ADB financing and/or administration, environmental

screening and categorization is undertaken to determine the (i) significance of potential

impacts or risks of the project to the environment, (ii) level of assessment and institutional

resources required to address the safeguards issues, and (iii) information disclosure and

consultation requirements of the project. This is done through the use of environment

screening checklists that have been developed by ADB, whereby the project is initially

categorized for potential environmental impacts and risks. During the screening process, a

3 Operations Manual Bank Policies (BP) issued on 1 October 2013, based on ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009. 4 ADB. 2008. Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Framework of the Asian Development Bank 2008-2020. Manila

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category is assigned to the project depending on the significance of the potential environmental

impacts and risks.

Category A are those which are large and most complex and requires a full-blown

environmental impact assessment (EIA); Category B has environmental impacts which are site

specific, less adverse than those of Category A and which requires an initial environmental

examination (IEE); and Category C are the smallest and least complex and does not require

an EIA or IEE but environmental implications are still reviewed.

The subproject has been evaluated as Category B for environment. The adverse

environmental impacts of the project are considered site-specific and reversible.

1. Environmental Impact Assessment and Public Consultation

ADB also requires public consultation in the environmental assessment process and that the

borrower/client must consult with stakeholders affected by the proposed project. The

consultation should be carried out as early as possible in the project cycle so that views of the

affected groups are taken into account in the design of the project and in the development of

the environment mitigation measures.

2. Disclosure of IEE Document

Upon approval of the EIA or IEE by the borrower/client, the document is disclosed at the ADB

website in accordance with the ADB Public Communications Policy.

3. Environment Monitoring

The monitoring of implementation of the EMP by the borrower/client is reported to ADB. A

simplified environmental monitoring checklist has been developed in Appendix 4 for use of the

PMU during the regular inspection of construction areas. These completed inspection

checklists will be compiled and reviewed by the PIA in the preparation of the semi-annual

environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB. The reports will include a summary

of the results of site inspections and will focus on key issues of concern that need to be

resolved. The template of the semi-annual environmental monitoring report is presented in

Appendix 5.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources

Geography. Siem Reap Province is located north of the Tonle Sap Lake. The province is

composed of 12 districts or srok. The most famous of these districts is the Siem Reap district

which is sub-divided into 10 communes, namely, Sla Kram, Svay Dongkum, Kouk Chak, Sala

Kamreuk, Nokor Thom, Chreaw, Chong Khnias, Sambur, Siem Reab, and Srongae.5

The proposed distribution network will provide water supply to the communes in Kouk Chak,

Sla Kram, Sala Kamreuk, and Svay Dongkum. There is a small area in Kouk Chok which is

5 Source: siemreap.net. Date accessed: 03April2018

10

located in APSARA Zone but the pipe alignment is located about 2.2 km from the Angkor Wat

site. The proposed distribution network improvement project will be concentrated on the built-

up and populated areas within Siem Reap town. Figure 3 presents the location map showing

the communes, location of pipe network in Siem Reap town and the APSARA Zone.

Figure 3: Location of water supply distribution network improvement

Geology. The local geology consists of unconsolidated sediments of Quaternary age under

the geomorphology of swamps and deep soils of alternating sand and clay that make up the

Tonle Sap depression. The geology is characterized as alluvial deposits with thickness of 10–

20m; Pleistocene deposits with thickness of 10 – 30m; Pliocene formation with thickness of 20

– 50m; and bedrocks in upper Jurassic to tertiary composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale.

Topography. The areas of the proposed distribution network improvement are characterized

as flat land. There are no natural hazards such as steep slopes and unstable soils along the

distribution line routes. The Siem Reap town is located on the lake terrace with elevations

ranging from 10 to 15 m.

The isolated peaks are located at Phnom Bok (El 212 m), Phnom Baken (El. 90m) at Angkor

area, Phnom Croom (El 140 m) from north to south in the area. The Kulen Mountain range (El.

420m) in the northern area of Angkor Heritage area runs in the east west direction.6

Hydrology. The distribution networks will not traverse any river. The Siem River is the nearest

waterbody to the water distribution network which can be found at the communes in Sla Kram

6 Annex 3.3.1 – Geology. The Study on Water Supply System for Siem Reap Region in Cambodia. Final Report

11

and Sala Kamraeuk. It drains the Siem Reap town. Flooding has not been reported by

stakeholders in the project areas. On raw water source for the new WTP, West Baray will be

used. Though ancient, it is filled with water year round. The water comes from two main

sources: the Siem Reap and Puok Rivers. West Baray is a rectangular reservoir approximately

7.8 by 2.1 kilometers with a current maximum capacity of 12 to 14 billion gallons of water (53

million m3).

Hydrogeology. In the study conducted by JICA in 2006 to 2008, land displacement has been

observed in both deep aquifer and shallow aquifer with patterns of land displacement

fluctuations being almost the same for both aquifers. The land displacement fluctuation

coincided with the groundwater level fluctuation which changes according to the changes in

season. Calculations from the JICA study indicated that maximum displacement range from

18.96 – 17.06 = 1.9 mm for the deep aquifer and 16.31 – 13.86 = 2.45 mm for shallow aquifer.7

Simultaneous groundwater observations were conducted twice in the rainy season of

September 2009 and dry seasons of April 2010. Higher water level drawdown in the dry season

was observed with a lot of private wells using groundwater for users such as hotels and guest

houses.

Photo 1: Example of household wells in Kouk Chak commune

B. Ecological Resources

The areas for the proposed improvement of the distribution network are not located in

ecologically sensitive areas. The Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR) is located about 300

m from the town. Other water source for the existing WTP is from the existing 16 boreholes

along National Road No.6. There are also no trees that will be affected by the project. Pipe

laying activities can avoid cutting of trees since HDPE pipes are flexible and can be easily

adjusted to avoid trees and other structures.

C. Socio-Economic Development

Population. Siem Reap province covers a total land area of 10.299 km2. It has a population

of 1,042,286 people and a population density of 101.2 per km2. The total household population

of the province is 206,385 households. Population growth is at 3%. The Siem Reap town has

a population of 256,018 and household population of 50,824. Average size of household is 5.

7 Hydrological conditions in Siem Reap. http:// http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12034724_02.pdf

12

Economy. The main industries contributing to the provincial economy are agriculture and

tourism. The province has favorable landscape, appropriate rainfall and irrigation systems

capable of supporting rice and crop production. Tourism is the second priority economic sector

in the province because of abundant tourism resources such as cultural and historical temples

and natural parks which includes the Angkor Temple complex. About 5,000,000 tourist arrivals

annually have resulted in the burgeoning tourism industry with hotels, restaurants, service

providers of all types and secondary commerce and industries that support tourism.

Land Use. Land uses in the project area consists of residential, commercial, and institutional

establishments with agricultural fields in the outlying areas from the Siem Reap town. Land

use is undergoing rapid change in the vicinity of Siem Reap town, especially along highways

and in the direction of the Angkor Temple complex. Establishments that can be found along

the pipe alignment consists of residential areas, shops, hotels, market, schools, and some

temples.

Residential houses in APSARA Zone

in Kouk Chak commune

Houses in APSARA Zone in Kouk Chak commune

Shops along the road

Market area

Residential house and office along the alignment.

A hotel and restaurant along the alignment.

Photo 2: Typical land uses along the distribution pipe alignment

13

Social and Cultural Resources. The project will not traverse any of the important temples in

the Angkor Wat complex. A section in Kouk Chak commune forms part of the communities to

be served by the distribution network. This area is characterized with settlements, shops, and

roads and is within the delineated APSARA Zone 2. As defined by the 1994 Royal Decree

establishing the Protected Cultural Zones at Angkor, Zone 2 covers “areas rich in archaeological remains which need to be protected from damaging land use practices and

inappropriate development.” APSARA Zone 1 covers the core areas of Angkor, and other zones are defined successively up to Zone 5, which covers the whole of the province including

the municipality of Siem Reap. The following are the designated zones:

o Zone 1 - for the Monument sites;

o Zone 2 - Protected archaeological reserves;

o Zone 3 - Protected cultural landscapes;

o Zone 4 - Sites of archaeological, anthropological or historical interest; and

o Zone 5 - Socio-economic and cultural development zone of the Siem Reap/ Angkor

Region.

Figure 4: Angkor Zones 1 and 2 Source: ICC-ANGKOR, www.http//apsaraauthority.gov.kh

The Angkor Wat complex is the central feature in Siem Reap. The historical/cultural areas

consist of the Angkor Wat Temple, Bayon Temple, and Ta Prom Temple. The Angkor Wat

14

temple was built in the earth 12th century (1113-1150) by King Soriya Varaman 2 and dedicated

to Vishnu Buddha in Brahmanism. The temple symbolized the peak of ancient Khmer art and

it is listed as a World Heritage Site. The Bayon temple is located in the middle of the Angkor

Thom City, 17 km from the northern part of Angkor Wat. This temple was built in the late of

12th and early of 13th century in the reign of King Jayavaraman 7 (1181-1218) and is 43 m tall

with 54 pinnales, and unique ancient Khmer art of the period. The Ta Prom temple is located

at the corner of Banteay Kdey temple in the eastern part of the Bayon temple and was built in

the late 12th and early 13th century (1181-1218) by King Jayavaraman 7.8

The nearest temple to the service area is the Angkor Wat Temple which is located about 2.2

km from the service area in Kouk Chak commune. The commune covers the important temples

of Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom. Figure 5 presents the map of Kouk Chak commune, the

proposed service area and the nearest Angkor Wat temples.

Figure 5: Map of Kouk Chak commune showing the service area and the Angkor Wat

temples

Roads. Roads in Siem Reap province consists of the National Road 1 (NR1) and NR6 with a

total length of 132.8 km. The roads that will be affected by the project mostly comprise of rural

8 Source: http://siemreap.ccc.org.kh/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Siemreap-Investment-Information.pdf

15

roads. There are also sections of NR6 that will be affected. However, works will only occur at

the sidewalk. There are some roads in Kouk Chak commune which are laterite while other

commune roads are already asphalt paved.

Laterite road primarily found in Kouk Chak commune

Asphalt-paved road in some areas

Photo 3: Condition of affected roads and structures along the pipe alignment

Sensitive Receptors. There are five schools, seven temples and temple area, and three

health centers/hospitals along the distribution pipe alignment as shown in Table 4. None of

these receptors are classified as cultural heritage sites. However, these sensitive receptors

are anticipated to experience temporary nuisance and during pipe laying works.

Table 4: List of Sensitive Receptors along Distribution Pipe Alignment

Sensitive Receptor Location

A. School

1. Muk Neak Primary School Veal Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

2. Secondary School of Hun Sen Siem

Reap

Veal Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

3. Kobe Yumi Primary School Veal Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

4. Kok Patri Primary School Sangkat Sla Kram

5. Primary-Secondary School of Hun Sen

Krous

Krous Village, Sangkat Svay Dongkum

B. Temple/Temple Area

1. Wat Pouthivong (Wat Thmey) Trapeang Ses Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

2. Wat Kok Chak Veal Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

3. Wat Kesararam Sala Kanseng Village, Sangkat Svay

Dongkum

4. Wat Prasat Intrea (Wat Kok Patri) Sangkat Sla Kram

5. Wat Damnak Wat Damnak Village, Sangkat Sala Kamreauk

6. Kouk Chok Temple Veal Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

7. Toul Prasat Trapang Svay South Tek Nam Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

C. Health centers and hospitals

1. Kouk Chok Health Center Trapeang Ses Village, Sangkat Kouk Chok

2. Kantha Bopha Hospital Trapaeng Sey, Sangkat Kouk Chok

3. RHAC Clinic Trapaeng Sey, Sangkat Kouk Chok

16

V. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This chapter presents the potential environmental impacts in relation to the construction and

operation of the water supply distribution network. The potential impacts are analyzed and

necessary mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the overall magnitude of the impact.

The assessment of impacts was based on the inspection of the detailed pipe alignment and

from consultations and interviews with stakeholders and relevant Government agencies.

A. Project Benefits

The proposed Siem Reap water supply improvement project involves the replacement and

expansion of the water supply distribution network within the Siem Reap town. By extending

water supply service coverage, the project will reduce dependence of communities to

groundwater which are sourced through individual household or communal bore holes and

tube wells. Well water is used for washing, cooking, and drinking. If communities continue the

uncontrolled abstraction from groundwater sources, negative effect on the lowering of the

water table level would occur in the long term and which would cause land subsidence and

damage to structures, particularly of the important archaeological sites in Siem Reap.

During the public consultations, the villagers disclosed that groundwater quality is

deteriorating. The villagers said that water from their wells are brownish and smells like iron.

When washing laundry, the clothes have yellow stain. Skin diseases and diarrhea are common

most especially in children. For drinking, the communities either boil the well water or buy

bottled water. Through the project, the communities hope to get potable and clean water. The

communities also anticipate convenience in having piped water directly from faucets rather

than the current practice of fetching water from wells.

Expected positive benefits of the project are: (i) improvement of health and sanitation, (ii) less

expenses in buying bottled water and in operating water pumps to abstract from wells; (iii)

convenient access to clean piped water, and (iv) less dependence of communities on

groundwater abstraction.

B. Affected Areas

The pipe replacement and expansion will be along existing roads. The affected area is

relatively small, ranging from 0.4 – 0.6 m in width and 0.6 – 1.0 m in depth. Majority of the

activities will be done manually except in sections requiring an excavator to break the

pavement. Construction works also occur within a short period of time of about one week for

every 500 meters of pipeline segment. After each segment, the team moves to the next

segment to limit the construction period and minimize disturbances and impacts to the

surrounding areas.

For the pipe replacement, the old pipelines that are located beneath existing roads will be

abandoned and new pipelines will be installed on the road shoulder. However, there are

structures such as sidewalk, driveways, fences, street lamps, communication cables, trees,

and landscaped areas along the pipe alignment. The fences, street lamps, communication

cables, trees and landscaped areas can be readily avoided because flexible water pipes will

be utilized.

17

For the sidewalks and driveways, owners and government authorities of these structures will

be notified prior to start of construction activities. The affected road easements consist of

laterite roads and some asphalt-paved roads. The laterite roads can be found in road sections

in Kouk Chok commune.

C. Impacts during Construction

The pipe laying works may cause the following impacts:

Disruption and damage to existing community structures and facilities.

Dust and air emissions from excavation and movement of vehicles.

Noise and vibration.

Sediment runoff.

Generation of excavated soil and other construction debris.

Hazards to workers.

Risks to community health and safety.

Traffic congestion.

Mitigation measures are outlined in Table 8 to address the potential impacts during pipe laying.

Damage to community facilities. The installation of water supply distribution lines will be

along public road easements within semi-urbanized areas. This is the main item of work, along

with valves, fittings, installation of service connections and meters for homes and businesses,

and other appurtenances needed to complete the pipeline installation.

Prior to commencement of construction activities, the SRWSA shall consult in advance of

works with affected persons where houses, driveways and other structures will be affected. All

damage will be restored to pre-project conditions. The cost of restoration will be shouldered by

SRWSA. In addition, SRWSA shall coordinate with the Provincial Government and relevant

Government authorities such as the Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT), and

APSARA Authority at least one month prior to pipe laying works.

The mitigation measures to address the impacts on community facilities include the following:

Coordinate with the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT),

local authorities, and owners of affected properties prior to commencement of pipe

laying works.

The Contractor is required to replace structures that may be damaged such as roads,

canals, driveways, and paths. Any damage to community structures will be restored at

pre-project condition at the cost of SRWSA.

Occupational health and safety. The SRWSA will deploy four construction teams with each

team composed of 7 – 8 workers. There will be no construction camp along the pipe distribution

network. However, there should be onsite portable sanitation facilities for workers to avoid

indiscriminate waste disposal at the construction sites. Solid waste should be collected at

waste bins and disposed properly offsite.

The SRWSA will provide the basic safety and health measures for workers such as personal

protective gear suitable to the type of work being performed. Emergency care will be available

on call.

18

Runoff of sediments. The excavation works are expected to generate sediments and cause

soil runoff during rain events. Given that excavations will not be deep, pipe diameters relatively

small, and that excavated materials will be used as backfill, the quantity of spoil will be minimal.

However, during rain events, runoff may still cause impacts to residential areas and drainage

in the immediate vicinity. Appropriate mitigation measures to prevent soil runoff will be

implemented that includes:

Excavation activities will be scheduled during the dry season as much as possible.

Stockpiles of excavated soil from the trench excavation will be located in areas that will

avoid blocking of drainage lines.

Stockpile of excavated soil will be covered and stabilized to prevent runoff.

Sediment trenches or barriers around stockpiles of materials will be provided to block

runoff water and catch sediments and other debris entering the drain.

Dust and air emission. Wind-blown dust may be generated due to presence of loose soil and

movement of vehicles at the work areas. The Contractor will establish the detailed measures

to address impacts to control dust and air emission from earthworks and movement of vehicles.

Measures to be applied includes the following:

Cover and keep excavated soil and stockpiles moist.

Conduct water sprinkling in areas prone to airborne dust.

Cover materials for excavated soil and stockpiles at the end of the day’s work. Regularly clean and sweep dust and accumulated soil at roadsides at the end of the

day’s work. Maintain vehicles and equipment to ensure that emissions comply with the

Government’s standards. Prohibit open burning of waste materials.

Instruct delivery trucks to cover materials with tarpaulin or other suitable materials

during hauling of materials.

Impose speed limits on construction vehicles.

Regularly clean and sweep dust in the work area.

Inform and educate workers on the implementation of air emission and dust control

measures.

Noise. There will be minimal noise to be generated during construction works except in areas

where there is a need to break the concrete or asphalt pavement. Noise levels ranging from

82 to 88 dBA may be experienced in areas at the distance of 15 to 30 meters from the source.

To avoid nuisance to adjacent establishments, pavement breaking activities will not be

undertaken at nighttime hours of 22:00 to 06:00. Coordination with the affected establishments

will be undertaken on the schedule of construction works.

Community health and safety. The laying of water pipes along existing road easements will

result to impacts to community health and safety, including traffic and restriction of community

access. Distribution pipes will be installed under a variety of local conditions including in front

of market areas, along asphalt-concrete roads, and along unpaved roads. Pipes will be

installed in the easements of paved roads to avoid cuts on road pavements.

19

Special precautions need to be taken in built up areas, for instance near schools, temples, and

hospitals/health centers where there are sensitive receptors. In areas that are busy during the

day, construction work may be conducted during nighttime to cause less disruption to traffic.

The SRWSA has a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) which was issued through an office

order for pipe laying. These general guidelines of SRWSA on pipe installation will be applied.

The SRWSA will conduct pipe laying in a manner that will cause minimal impact on health,

safety and convenience of businesses, residents, and users of the roads. These measures

include the following:

a) Minimize the period of time that an excavation segment is kept open by not allowing

trenching and pipe-laying by more than a week for each 500-meter segment. Trenches

should be backfilled and ground leveled after installation of pipes.

b) Install signs at the beginning and end of section of works.

c) Provide the safety barriers to avoid conflict with live traffic.

d) Provide signs for works to indicate the GRM.

e) Place only bedding and pipe materials at the location that will be used within the next

few days’ work, well out of the line of traffic.

f) Clean up and remove from the site any excess spoil, wood used for shoring and

construction materials, upon completion of the segment.

g) Compact soil in trench and clean surrounding pavement areas to reduce blowing dust.

h) Provide temporary bridging across the trench at entries to residences and businesses.

Likewise, provide safety tape barriers to reduce the possibility of accidents.

i) Once work is complete on a segment, pavement surfaces and masonry works (curbs,

abutments, drains, driveways, and sidewalk will be repaired and returned to original

condition.

j) Provide advance notification of proposed pipe laying activities, locations and schedules

to local residents, hospitals, schools, businesses, and other institutions and

establishments. Regularly coordinate with affected parties during project construction.

k) Install safety barriers in open excavations to avoid unauthorized or accidental access

by the public.

Traffic. Pipe laying activities may potentially affect traffic movements and could result to

closure of a road section. There will be no need for traffic rerouting since the pipe installation

will require a small space at the road easement. A road lane may be blocked but not the entire

road. Mitigation measures to manage traffic will include the following:

Coordinate the proposed construction activities, schedules, and traffic management

plan with the local authorities and police.

Post informational boards in case of temporary lane closures.

Employ trained flaggers to direct traffic movements in areas with lane closures.

Use traffic control and warning devices such as lights, signs, traffic cones, flashing

board, bollards, and barricades to alert vehicles and pedestrians about lane closures,

equipment use, excavations, and other potential hazards.

Impact on cultural heritage sites. A portion of the pipe expansion will be for communities in

Kouk Chak in the APSARA zone. These areas have been subject to human disturbance as

evidenced by the presence of houses, shops, roads and other community structures.

20

According to the APSARA Authority regulations, the villagers who have homes and live in the

Angkor area can continue to live there and that villagers can demolish old houses or build new

ones with a request to get permits from APSARA Authority. The villagers have the right to

manage their own land such as giving their land possession to their relatives or selling it to

neighbors but it is forbidden to buy and sell for the purpose of making profitable business for

companies to build hotels, restaurants and other businesses.

Considering that the proposed extension of the service area is already characterized with

settlements, there is low likelihood of finding archaeological artifacts because these areas have

been subject to previous road development works and that the trench excavation are relatively

shallow and small.

The SRWSA will coordinate with the APSARA Authority prior to commencement of works in

accordance with the Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage (1996). A chance find

procedure will be implemented in the event that cultural property such as ancient objects,

remains of inhabited sites, ancient burial sites, engravings or any property likely of interest is

discovered.

The following procedure will be observed by SRWSA to comply with the intents of the law in

case of chance find:

If physical cultural resources are encountered during the construction phase, all works

at the chance find site should be immediately halted.

The chance find should be assessed by a competent expert from the APSARA National

Authority.

Work should not begin until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to

the physical cultural resource have been implemented.

Removal of the chance find should be conducted in accordance with national heritage

protection decrees and regulations.

All workers and staff should be made aware of the chance find procedure.

UXO contamination. On UXO/land mine, the DPWT said that UXO/land mine clearance was

already completed within Siem Reap City when the roads were constructed. Chance discovery

of UXO during trench excavation is not foreseen since the areas where the pipes will be laid

have been subject to disturbance during the construction of roads, houses, and other

structures.

Residual chlorine during pipeline disinfection. When the pipes are already laid out, the pipe

work will be hosed down with chlorine solution on the interior to prevent any contaminated

material into the water pipe and to protect and disinfection the water line’s sanitary condition. This is typically done after the completion of the leak and pressure tests. During this process,

extra caution will be necessary to avoid disposing water with excessive chlorine residuals. The

pipe disinfection process should observe the recommended dosage of chlorine and allowable

residual chlorine of 0.1 – 0.2 mg/l as prescribed by international standards.

D. Operational Phase

Poor water quality. Impacts during the operational phase concern environmental or public

health. Broken lines and low pressure provide means for entry of pathogens into the distribution

21

system. Maintaining chlorine residual in the system is one way to guard against cross-

contamination, as is sustaining adequate pressure in the system.

Generation of wastewater. With the improvement in the water supply system, there will be

incremental wastewater that will be generated. Households are likely to use more water for

bathing, cooking and washing. This may lead to more grey water or sullage as the population

increases and as more people have access to piped water supply. Without appropriate

wastewater treatment systems, the disposal of wastes will have significant effect on the

pollution load into rivers. Eventually, the wastewater management system should be

developed for Siem Reap to protect the environment from incremental wastewater that will be

generated.

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

Information disclosure and public consultations were conducted to inform stakeholders about

the proposed water supply improvement project. Meetings were held in Siem Reap with key

provincial agencies, commune leaders, and community members. SRWSA organized the

meetings which were announced through invitations letters direct communication with

communes/villages and Government leaders.

A. Public Consultations

A general description of the project was prepared in Khmer language. Hand drawn/lettered

poster boards and large scale prints of drawings were prepared for the presentation. The

environmental and social impacts were identified by the SRWSA through the Project

Implementation Consultants. The minutes of the public consultation meetings, attendance lists

and project information booklet (PIB) are included in Appendix 2.

The first public consultation was held in 07 June 2013 during the project preparatory technical

assistance (PPTA) while the follow-up consultations were held on August 2017 in Trapeang

Ses village, Veal village, and Teak sen Khang Thbong village and 17 August 2017 in Sala

Kanseng village, Sangkat Svay Dong Koum and at Sangkat Sla Kram was prepared the

meeting with commune councils on August 17, 2017 at 14:30pm in Slakram commune center.

There were a total of 227 participants, of which 132 are female, during the public consultations

held from 16 – 17 August 2017. Sangkay Kouk Chok has eight villages but there are three

villages within the pipe expansion network. These are: (i) Trapeang Ses, (ii) Veal, and (iii)

Teaksen Thbong. Five separate meetings were conducted with villagers and stakeholders.

The first public consultation was held in Trapeang Ses village, the second meeting in Teak

Sen Thbong village, the third was in Veal village, and the fourth in Sala Kansemg village,

however; dung that time the stakeholder meeting was also arranged the meeting with Sla Kram

Commune Councils at Sla Kram Commune Center. All of these villages are within Sangkat

Kouk Chok where Zone 1 of the APSARA Authority region is located. Table 5 presents the

dates and locations of the follow-up public consultations.

22

Table 5: Dates and venue of the public consultation meetings

Date

Time

Location Number of

participants Sangkat

(Commune) Village

Meeting

venue

Aug 16, 2017 08:00-09:30 Kouk Chork Trapeang Ses Wat Thmei 54/F=38

Aug 16, 2017 10:00-11:00 Kouk Chork Teak Sen

Thbong

Prasat Kouk

Chork

33/F=14

Aug 16, 2017 14:00-16:00 Kouk Chork Veal Prasat Kouk

Chor

104/F=64

Aug 17, 2017 08:30-10:00 Svay Dong

Koum

Sala Kanseng Village Chief’s house

30/F=15

Aug 17, 2017 14:30-15:30 Sla Kram Sla Kram Commune

center

6/F=1

Total 3 5 4 227/F=132

Prior to the public consultation meetings, the PMU of SRWSA and the PIA met to arrange the

schedule of the consultation meetings with the villages, local authorities, and agencies. The

village authorities in Sangkat Kouk Chok were met on 14 July 2017 and 15 August 2017 and

positive benefits were primarily raised about the project by the village representatives. They

said that the people have been clamoring for piped water supply for a long time.

During each public consultation meeting, the project and proposed alignment of the pipe

network were presented. The presentation also included the identified environmental and

social issues and the proposed mitigation measures to be implemented during pipe laying.

The grievance redress mechanism was also presented. This is followed by an open discussion

of issues and concerns from the stakeholders. Project information booklets were also

distributed for reference of the public. The following presents the issues that were raised during

the public consultation meetings:

Table 6: Issues and concerns discussed during the public consultations

Issue raised and perceived

environmental issues

Approach to addressing the issue

- There is strong support to the project.

The villagers and local authorities

welcome the project and they would like

to implement the project as soon as

possible.

- Noted.

- The PIB was disseminated to the

participants. The location of the pipes in

relation to the private properties was

raised.

- PIB and information related to the water

supply project within the project area were

provided.

- The right-of-way (ROW) is 15m to 25m from

the center of the road. The pipe alignment

will be basically on the edge of existing

road and will avoid any private properties.

In case there will be any affected structure

along the ROW, the SRWSA will consult

23

Issue raised and perceived

environmental issues

Approach to addressing the issue

with the affected person prior to any works

to explain the temporary disturbance and

restoration to pre-project condition to be

undertaken by SRWSA.

- The project might affect structures like

electric poles, telecommunication

cables. There are some private

properties within the APSARA Authority

zone.

- The SRWSA will discuss with EDC,

telecommunication company and APSARA

Authority to avoid damage to properties.

- The project will minimize the impacts as

much as possible in the urban areas

(mostly in and nearby markets).

- Construction will be on the road right of

way.

- The people are willing to connect to the

piped water supply. They are willing to

contribute and closely cooperate with

the authorities in providing land and

trees that may be affected along the

project route for the installation of the

pipe network.

- Noted

- Safety plan should be developed in

order to avoid traffic accidents,

especially at road crossing and

intersections before commencement

work.

- SRWSA will cooperate and provide all

necessary information to the local

authorities about working places, project

sites, and routing of alignment of the pipe

network, and schedule before

commencement of works in order to ensure

safety and security.

- A traffic management plan will be

implemented in coordination with the local

authorities.

- The time for construction should be not

delay for long time (at replacement pipe

network areas).

- There will have small impact of the

subproject at Sangkat Slakram and

Sangkat Svay Dong Koum. In Sangkat

Kouk Chok, there are illegal shelters

(96HHs) that were built on the road

No.22 (V20C).

- Impacts to these settlers will be avoided.

Coordination with these shelters and

Sangkat council and Provincial Government

will be undertaken prior to start of pipe

laying activities.

B. Key Informant Interviews

Key informant interviews were conducted with Sangkat Councils of Sangkat Kouk Chok and

Sangkat Sla Kram on 14 July 2017 and 15 August 2017. The following issues were raised by

the council members:

a) The villagers currently take water by pumping from well or ring well. During the rainy

season, the water is not clean while during the dry season, water cannot be abstracted

24

because there is not enough water to pump. In the dry season, most of the people buy

bottled water (20 liters at R3,000 per jar) at least twice per week for drinking and also

from water trucks for washing and bathing. The houses in the villages have large jars

where they store water.

b) During the rainy season, the people collect rain water which they also use for drinking,

washing, and other households needs.

c) For cooking and drinking, the villagers have two options: (i) buy water from delivery

truck, (ii) use stored rainwater.

d) The Sangkat Council said that the elderly people and children usually get sick during

the dry season which they attribute to the hot weather. Common diseases are stomach

ache, intestinal tract infection, and diarrhea. The villagers go to the health center near

the Commune for consultation and at the Siem Reap Referral Hospital. Medical

consultation fee ranges from US$5 – 10.

e) The Sangkat Council said that most of the people who are living within the Sangkat are

willing to connect to the proposed water supply project and that they are very happy

that the project will be implemented soon. They added that their lives will be more

convenient if there is piped water connection.

f) Based on the proposed location of pipe replacement and expansion, the pipes will be

installed along road structure alignment which belongs to public land.

g) The Sangkat Chief said all residential land in Kouk Chak are already registered and

recognized by the APSARA Authority.

h) Some physical concrete properties of people may be affected by the project such as

sidewalk but the people are willing to donate these properties to the project. It is

important to get piped water connection for houses.

Meeting at Trapeang Ses village, Kouk Chok Sangkat in Thmei pagoda

Meeting at Veal village, Kouk Chok Sangkat in Prasat Kouk Chor pagoda

Meeting at Teak Sen Tbong village in Prasat Kouk Chok pagoda

Meeting at Sala Kanseng village, Svay Dong Koum Sangkat in Village’s house

Photo 4: Public consultation meetings

25

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Grievances related to both environmental and resettlement issues are addressed through the

Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). In order to ensure that complaints from all affected

persons (APs) on any aspect of environment, land acquisition, compensation and resettlement

are addressed in a timely and satisfactory manner, and that all possible avenues are available

to APs to air their grievances, a well-defined grievance redress mechanism will be established.

All APs can send any questions to the SRWSA about their rights in relation with redress of

environmental problems and entitlement under the resettlement plan. APs are not required to

pay any fee in order to file a complaint at any level. The GRM has been explained in the public

information booklet distributed to all APs, and is explained here in relation to complaints related

to environmental impacts.

A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) shall be established before commencement of site

works and shall be chaired by SRWSA-PMU. The GRC shall have members from the SRWSA-

PMU, commune councils, and village chiefs. Grievances can be filed verbally or in a written

form with any member of the GRC. The committee will have 20 days to respond with a

resolution. If unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC shall not impede the

complainant’s access to the Government’s judicial or administrative remedies.

Stage 1 - Complaints from APs on any aspect of environmental impacts shall first be

lodged verbally or in a written form with any SRWSA-PMU representatives at the

construction site or through telephone numbers provided on the signboard placed

outside the construction site. The SRWSA-PMU will decide on a course of action within

5 days from the day it is lodged. Usually complaints about environmental impacts are

resolved at this stage.

Stage 2 - If no understanding or amicable solution can not be reached, or if no response

from the SRSWA-PMU is received by the AP within 5 days of registering the complaint,

he/she can appeal directly to the commune or village chiefs concerned. The commune

or village chiefs will coordinate with the SRWSA-PMU to decide on a course of action.

The complaint must be settled within 5 days of registering the original complaint.

Stage 3 - If the AP is not satisfied with the actions made by the commune or village

chiefs, or in the absence of any response, the AP can appeal to the District GRC. The

District GRC will coordinate with SRWSA-PMU and relevant commune or village chiefs

to resolve the complaint, which must be settled within 5 days of registering the original

complaint.

Stage 4 - If the AP is not satisfied with the actions made by the District GRC, or in the

absence of any response, the AP can appeal to the Provincial GRC which must make

a written decision and submit copies to the SRWSA-PMU and AP.

Stage 5 - If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the Provincial GRC on appeal,

or in absence of any response from the SRWSA-PMU within the stipulated time, the

AP, as a last resort, may submit his/her case to court of law, whose judgment is final.

APs may also ask for resolution from ADB’s responsible project officer consistent with the provision of the ADB’s accountability mechanism. They can file their complaint through the ADB resident mission in Phnom Penh for transmittal to the ADB

headquarters in Manila.

26

At each stage, the governing official is responsible for recording the minutes of meetings,

maintaining files on all complaints, and for distributing copies of all decisions to the SRWSA-

PMU and lower level bodies, including commune/village officials and affected parties and

households.

The SRWSA-PMU shall make public the existence of this grievance redress mechanism

through public awareness campaigns. They shall set-up a hotline for complaints and the hotline

shall be publicized through the media and numbers placed on the notice boards sited outside

the construction site and at subnational level of local government offices (e.g., provincial,

district, commune levels). Locally affected people will still be able to express grievances

through the commune councils and these would be referred through the usual channels in

those committees.

The SRWSA-PMU will be responsible for checking the procedures and resolutions of

grievances and complaints. The PIA consultant may recommend further measures to be taken

to address unresolved grievances.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The rehabilitation and expansion of water supply systems will entail the replacement of existing

water supply pipelines within the Siem Reap town and the expansion to unserved areas in

Kuok Chak Sangkat and Svay Dongkun commune. The proposed mitigation measures to

address adverse environmental impacts during pipe laying have been compiled into a matrix

and is presented in Table 8. The matrix summarizes the anticipated environmental impacts

and its mitigation measures during pre-construction, construction, and commissioning phases.

Prior to commencement of construction activities, the SRWSA shall survey and determine loss

or damage to community assets such as roads, shops, fences, gates, driveways, portions of

houses, and other structures. Affected persons will be consulted in advance of works to explain

the temporary disturbance that will occur during pipe installation and the restoration that will

be undertaken by SRWSA. It will be explained that any damage to community structures will

be restored at the cost of SRWSA. The SRWSA shall coordinate with the relevant Government

authorities such as the Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT), APSARA

Authority, local authorities, commercial establishments, and affected households prior to pipe

laying works.

The SRWSA will make sure that applicable prohibited activities as stipulated in Appendix 5 of

the ADB SPS (2009) and the ADB Reference Guidelines on Environmentally Responsible

Procurement are not undertaken. These include:

Activities involving harmful or exploitative forms of forced labor or child labor9.

Production of or trade in any product or activity deemed illegal under the Cambodia’s laws and regulations and international conventions and agreements or subject to

international phase outs or bans such as (i) pharmaceuticals10, pesticides, and

9 Child labor means the employment of children whose age is below the country’s statutory minimum age of employment or

employment of children in contravention of the International Labor Organization Convention No. 138 “Minimum Age Convention” (ww.ilo.org)

10 A list of pharmaceutical products subject to phase outs or bans is available at http://www.who.int.

27

herbicides11, (ii) ozone-depleting substances12, (iii) polychlorinated biphenyls13 and

other hazardous chemicals14, (iv) wildlife or wildlife products regulated under the

Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora15,

and (v) transboundary trade of waste or waste products16.

Trade or use of un-bonded asbestos fibers.17

Marine and coastal fishing practices, such as large-scale pelagic drift net fishing and

fine mesh net fishing that are harmful to vulnerable and protected species in large

numbers and damaging to marine biodiversity and habitats.

A. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

A matrix of the Environmental Monitoring Plan is presented in Table 9. The main components

of the monitoring plan include the following:

Environmental parameters to be monitored and means of verification.

Locations where monitoring will be conducted.

Applicable standards and criteria.

Duration, frequency and estimated monitoring costs.

Institutional responsibilities for monitoring and supervision.

In addition, the SRWSA is required to establish a complaint recording system which would

contain details on the type and nature of complaint, location where complaint occurred, time

the complaint was received, remedial actions to address the complaint, and the final outcome

leading to the resolution of the complaint.

1. Compliance Monitoring

Compliance monitoring will be required to assess the overall implementation of the CEMP.

Selected indicators of major components of the environment that will be affected by the

construction phase are drawn from the EMP. The SRWSA through the PMU’s Environment,

Health, Safety and Social Safeguards Officer will conduct visual inspection and monitoring,

review of construction records, and meetings with stakeholders when necessary. Compliance

monitoring will involve regular checks on waste management, dust and noise control

measures, construction safety measures, community health and safety measures and

community coordination. The daily or weekly spot checks on site operations will be undertaken

through a checklist of activities and measures that needs to be complied during the

construction. Completed daily and weekly checklists will be filed for records purposes.

Appendix 4 presents the inspection checklist to be used during monitoring.

The following lists the monitoring parameters and time of monitoring:

Excessive soil runoff from construction sites must be checked during the rainy season.

11 A list of pesticides and herbicides subject to phase-out or ban is available at http://pic.int. 12 A list of chemical compounds that react with and deplete the stratospheric ozone resulting in the ozone holes is listed in the

Montreal Protocol, together with the target reduction and phase-out dates. Information is available at http://www/unep.org/ozonaction.

13 A group of highly toxic chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls are likely to be found in oil-filled transformers, capacitors, and switchgear dating from 1950 to 1985.

14 A list of hazardous chemicals is available at http://www.pic.int. 15 A list is available at http://www.cites.org. 16 As defined by the Basel Convention; see http://www.basel.int. 17 This does not apply to the purchase and use of bonded asbestos cement sheeting where the asbestos content is less than 20%.

28

Dust emissions at construction sites and pipe laying activities must be checked daily

by visual inspection particularly during the dry months and by examining records of

water spraying.

Noise levels must be checked at 100 meter from sensitive receptors and in the event

of a complaint.

Rehabilitation of road shoulder and driveways after pipe laying must be checked.

Proper removal of wastes must be checked weekly by visual inspection and by

checking records from waste disposal contractors.

EMP measures must be checked daily or weekly by visual inspection of the

construction camps and construction sites.

During the operational phase, water quality tests will be carried out on a daily basis for residual

chlorine and on a monthly or annual basis for other parameters in accordance to the Standard

Operating Procedure (SOP) of SRWSA. The tests aim to ensure that treated water to be

supplied to the community is potable and meets the National Drinking Standards as well as

the WHO standards.

2. Reporting

The PMU will compile the results of the implementation of the EMP measures and monitoring

checklists on a monthly basis to be sent to the PIA. The designated Environment, Health,

Safety and Social Safeguards Officer of the PMU with assistance of the PIA will review the

reports. The PIA Environment Safeguards Specialists will make spot visits to the site to check

the reports and to validate the implementation of the mitigation measures.

The quarterly project progress reports to be submitted to ADB will include a summary of the

implementation of the EMP and the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will provide

the details of the EMP implementation, results of water quality tests, GRM, and other follow-

up consultations.

B. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

The SRWSA has organized the PMU of the subproject by virtue of an office order issued in

2017 as shown in Appendix 3. The PMU has the following tasks:

a) Manage related documents of the project in cooperation with the technical consultant

and ADB and the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF).

b) Manage, lead, and be responsible in the day-to-day activities of the subproject to

ensure compliance to ADB and MEF requirements.

c) Cooperate with the technical consultant of the project in procurement management

after the agreement has been signed.

d) Monitor the construction of the project, installation, material supply, machineries, and

equipment as stated in the contract.

e) Oversee financial management and related expenses in compliance with MEF.

f) Ensure quality control of machineries and equipment and supervise construction

activities.

g) Document reports on progress of works through monthly and quarterly reports to be

submitted to MEF and ADB to illustrate progress of project implementation.

h) Attend meetings required by the director of the project.

29

The PMU is composed of 15 members, as follows:

Table 7: Composition of the PMU

Name Concurrent Assignment Project Position

Khut Vuthiarith Director Project Director

Chan Sengla Deputy Director Project Manager

Seak Pengkheang Assistant Director Deputy Project Manager

Yay Monyroth Deputy Director, Business Division Technical Manager

Kut Nimol Director, Technical Department Technical Manager

Sok Hout Director, Finance & Accounting Finance

Touch Ratha Deputy Director, Technical

Department

Technical

Chan Sereyroth Chief, Procurement Unit Procurement

Sitha Malin Director, Finance Finance

Saom Seiha Deputy Director, Project Management Technical

Loun Soknon Director, Investment Division Technical

Ma Chentra Deputy Chief, Procurement Unit Procurement

Meas Sopheaktra Project Office staff Administration/ Environment

and social safeguards

Kim Heng Project Office Staff Finance

Tom Nang MEF Finance

The SRWSA will hire labor contractors but the PMU will directly supervise the construction

activities. The EMP implementation will be monitored by the SRWSA-PMU through its

appointed EHS officer. Mr. Meas Sopheaktra has been designated as the focal person

environment, health, safety and social safeguards who will coordinate the activities between

the contractor and the PIA regarding the implementation of the project’s EMP as well as oversee the submission of semi-annual environmental and social monitoring reports to ADB.

C. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

Training on environment and social safeguards will be conducted by the PIA before the start

of construction works. As per request of SRWSA, the training will be delivered in Khmer by

the PIA national environment and social specialists. A resource person from the MOE will be

invited to give an orientation on the Government’s environmental requirements.

The orientation training aims to:

a) Orient the participants on the key requirements on environment and social

safeguards based on the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009);

b) Enhance environmental management and monitoring of the Siem Reap water supply

project under Loan 3232;

c) Enhance the implementation of environmental management plan;

d) Orient the PMUs on the grievance redress mechanism; and

e) Explain the preparation of the environment and social safeguards monitoring reports.

30

The target participants are four staff from the PMU and the four construction teams of SRWSA

composed of 7 – 8 people per team. The total number of target participants is 36.

The orientation training will focus on the following topics:

ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (2009);

Importance of compliance monitoring;

Environmental monitoring parameters;

Grievance redress mechanism for environment-related complaints; and

Preparation of semi-annual environmental and social monitoring reports.

31

Table 8: Matrix of Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Pre-Construction Phase

Damage to community assets

such as roads, fences,

driveways, and other structures

due to pipe laying.

Survey the alignment of the water supply

pipelines and determine community assets

that will be affected.

Coordinate with the Provincial Department of

Public Works and Transport (DPWT) to

determine sections of roads that will be

affected prior to construction.

Coordinate with the Provincial Government

and local authorities so that interruption of

services will be at the minimum.

Notify affected households in advance on

the pipe laying works and any structures that

will be affected including information on the

schedule of construction activities. The

temporary disturbance and restoration after

pipe installation at pre-project conditions with

cost shouldered by SRWSA will be

explained.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

Impact on APSARA Zone 2 Notify APSARA Authority about the water

supply distribution pipe laying activities in

Kouk Chak commune.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

SRWSA-PMU

32

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Seek approval of pipe laying plan at least

one month prior to start of works.

PIA

Construction Phase

Disruption and damage to

existing community structures

and facilities

Pipe laying will cause temporary

disruption of community

services and access to

properties.

Damage to community facilities

such as roads, driveways to

properties and pathways to

private and public areas during

pipe laying.

Particularly at pipe road

crossings, construction activities

along roads may lead to

temporary blockage of lane and

hamper movement of vehicles

and people in the community.

Provide temporary accesses to affected

properties using durable materials.

Particular attention will be given to ensuring

safety along roads and paths normally used

by school children.

Side street parking of construction vehicles

on prolonged basis will not be allowed.

Install barriers and safety warning signs on

road sections and if necessary deploy traffic

aides/flag persons at affected locations.

Provide information boards on the project

details, schedule and SRWSA contact

numbers.

Immediately rehabilitate the excavated areas

and any damaged structures such as roads,

driveways, gates, and paths. Ensure that

restoration is accepted by the affected

person.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

Air pollution

Require the contractor to cover materials with

tarpaulin or other suitable materials while in

transit to avoid spillage of materials.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

SRWSA-PMU

33

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Dust and air emissions from

excavation and movement of

vehicles can pose nuisance to

nearby communities

Moisten earthen roads during dry and dusty

conditions, particularly roads near residences

and through the town core area.

Impose speed limits on construction vehicles.

Conduct maintenance on construction

equipment and vehicles to control air

emissions during vehicle operation.

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

Noise and Vibration

Operation of construction

equipment such as excavator

will cause excessive noise

resulting to nuisance to

communities.

Limit construction activities, particularly

operation of noise generating equipment at

night.

Position any stationary equipment that produce

high noise levels such as excavator as far as

practical from sensitive receptors.

Erect temporary walls around construction

sites especially near schools, hospitals, and

houses.

Install noise suppression devices to noise

generating equipment.

Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn

and to comply with speed limits

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

34

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Provide information to community on schedule

of construction activities through billboard/signs

and complaint hotline.

Sediment runoff

Sediment runoff undertaken

during excavation, earthworks

and grading in the rainy season

will cause siltation of rivers

Construct silt traps, deviation channels,

mounting barriers or trenches around the

stockpiles of materials

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

Discharge of chlorine during

pipeline disinfection

Prior to commissioning,

disinfection will be undertaken

on the pipeline. Discharge of

chlorine above the allowable

limits is toxic to fish and other

aquatic life.

Follow the recommended dosage of chlorine

during the disinfection of pipes and reservoir.

Measure chlorine residual if within the

allowable limit of 0.2 – 0.5 mg/l before flushing,

otherwise, treat or dilute prior to disposal into

the environment.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

Generation of excavated soil

and other construction debris

Generation of excavated

materials during pipe laying.

During pipe laying, excavated material will be

utilized to cover back the trench. The

contractor will be required to properly reinstate

the excavated trench after completion of pipe

laying.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

35

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Domestic solid wastes,

domestic wastewater, inert

construction wastes, and

hazardous wastes during

construction may result to

pollution of the environment.

Undertake segregation of hazardous and non-

hazardous wastes, including properly labeled

waste disposal bins.

Instruct workers not to indiscriminately dispose

wastes particularly at surrounding areas,

canals, rivers, field, and other public areas

All solid waste will be regularly collected and

removed from the work camps and disposed

to areas approved by local authorities.

Prohibit burning of wastes.

Site decommissioning and

rehabilitation of construction

sites

All construction sites and work areas will be

rehabilitated so that these can be returned

as close as possible to their previous use.

This includes the restoration and

stabilization of all of the construction sites.

No waste will remain at the site after work is

completed.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

Worker health and safety

Workers may be exposed to

risks to health and safety due to

physical hazards, exposure to

dust and noise, falling objects,

and ergonomic injuries.

Orient workers and implement measures to

ensure construction safety; fire prevention

and management; worker education and

awareness for HIV/AIDS and other sexually

transmitted diseases; and control strategy

for mosquito and other vector diseases.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

36

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Potential conflict with local

people will occur if migrant

workers will be brought to the

site.

Require workers to adhere to guidelines

relating to minimum distances for

excavations, tools, vehicles, and other

activities in the ROW of the water distribution

lines.

Provision of first-aid facilities readily

accessible by workers.

Conduct training of workers in the

identification and management of

occupational hazards.

Post safety signs, reminders, or warning

notices at visible areas onsite.

Strictly implement a “No-Alcohol, No-

Gambling and No-Dangerous Drug Policy” at the construction site.

Provide PPEs such as hard hats, gloves,

safety boots, ear protection, breathing

masks, etc. Wearing of PPEs, while working

onsite will be a mandatory requirement for

workers.

Contractor should ensure that child laborers

and trafficked workers are not employed.

37

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

The contractor will be required to provide

priority hiring of qualified construction

workers from the villages and to consult with

the local to avoid conflict if migrant workers

will be brought to the site.

Community health and safety

Risks to community health and

safety due to pipe laying and

unauthorized entry of villagers

into dangerous working areas

Provide advance notification of proposed

pipe laying activities, locations and

schedules to local residents, hospitals,

schools, businesses, and other institutions

and establishments. Regularly coordinate

with affected parties during project

construction.

Install safety barriers and plates in open

excavations to avoid unauthorized or

accidental access by the public.

Provide safe access and passageways to

properties and establishments for

pedestrians affected by pipe laying works.

This will include temporary pathways and

crossings (e.g. metal or durable wooden

plates) over excavated areas or trenches.

Conduct daily cleaning of the work area and

sweeping of the road shoulder.

Backfill and cover the excavated areas after

pipe laying activities.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

38

Environmental Impact Options for Prevention or Mitigation Responsible Entity Source of

Fund Implementation Monitoring

Reinstate good quality permanent accesses

following completion of construction works.

Post informational boards with contact name

and numbers whereby local residents,

business operators, farmers and other

establishments can report issues related to

access restrictions.

Implement the Grievance Redress

Mechanism to manage complaints from the

community. Assign a focal person to receive

community complaints in accordance with

the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

Document all complaints received and

actions taken by the contractor to resolve the

complaint.

Physical cultural resources

Chance discovery of artifacts

and archaeological resources

Orient workers on procedures to employ

during chance discovery of artifacts. Any

chance find should be reported immediately

to proper authorities.

SRWSA-PMU PMU-

Environment,

health, safety &

social safeguards

staff;

PIA

SRWSA-PMU

39

Table 9: Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Aspects/Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Means of Monitoring Schedule/Frequency Responsibility Source of

Fund

Pre-Construction Phase

Survey of affected structures

(roads, shops, driveways,

fences, gates, portions of

houses, etc._

All project sites including

associated facilities

Site survey Prior to start of civil

works

PMU PMU

Construction Phase

Rehabilitation of road shoulder

and driveways after pipe laying

Areas with pipe laying

activities

Visual inspection Daily/weekly PMU PMU

EMP implementation All project areas

(construction sites, camp)

Visual inspection Daily/weekly PMU PMU

Direct effects on communities

from project impacts such as

damage to properties, dust

generation, noise and safety.

All project sites Gather views and

opinions of communities

through community

feedback and GRM

Weekly PMU PMU

Monitoring of EMP during

construction/excavation,

including compliance to traffic

management and road

restoration.

All roads, particularly at

road pipe crossings

Site inspection Daily/weekly PMU PMU

Residual chlorine during

pipeline disinfection prior to

commissioning

Pipeline Residual chlorine should

be 0.1 – 0.2 mg/l before

flushing.

Prior to

commissioning

PMU PMU

40

IX. CONCLUSION

Based on the updated IEE, the subproject is still classified as Category B because the identified

environmental impacts are temporary, reversible and will primarily occur during construction.

The water supply distribution pipe alignment is far from the Angkor Wat site and other

significant temples of the complex. There are no environmentally, ecologically sensitive or

culturally significant areas along the distribution network. The areas to be connected to piped

water supply in the APSARA Zone are characterized with built-up communities where land and

structures have already been registered and recognized by the APSARA Authority. The

provision of safe and potable piped water services to these communities is of primary

importance to protect the health and sanitation of the people living in the area.

Adverse impacts can occur due to damage to concrete driveways of houses and road sidewalk

pavements but these will be restored by the SRWSA after pipe laying. Affected persons will be

consulted in advance of works so that information on temporary disturbance, mitigation

measures, and restoration works are explained by SRWSA. The cost of restoration will be

shouldered by SRWSA. The SRWSA will coordinate with relevant authorities such as the

Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT), Provincial Government of Siem Reap,

APSARA Authority, local government authorities, and affected stakeholders prior to start of

pipe laying activities.

The benefits of providing water supply to the households who are currently relying on

boreholes and unsafe and unsustainable groundwater supplies far outweigh any adverse

impact that may occur during construction. The mitigation proposals will be monitored during

the construction phase. Likewise, SRWSA will inform the APARA Authority and the Provincial

Government at least one month prior to pipe laying at APSARA Zone 2. The letters of approval

of these agencies will be submitted to ADB as part of the semi-annual environmental

monitoring report.

41

Appendix 1: Documentation of Consultation Meetings

1) Attendance list of public meeting at Trapeang Ses village, Kouk Chok commune

date 16 Aug 2017 (at 08:00am) at Wat Kouk Chok (Total: 54ps; F=38)

42

43

2) Attendance list for public meeting at Teak Saen Keng Tbong village, Kouk Chok commune

date 16 Aug. 2017 at 10:00am (Total: 33ps, F=14)

44

45

3) Attendance list for public meeting at Veal village, Kouk Chok commune

date 16 Aug. 2017 at 14:00pm (Total: 104ps, F=64)

46

47

48

49

50

51

4) Attendance list for public meeting at Sala Kanseng, Svay Dong Kom commune

date 17 Aug. 2017 at 08:30am (Total:30ps, F=15)

52

53

5) Attendance list for discussion meeting with commune council at Slakram commune,

date 17 Aug. 2017 at 14:30pm (Total: 6, F=1)

54

Public consultation meeting at Trapeang Ses village,

Sangkat Kouk Chok, Siem Reap,

Date 16 Aug. 2017

Public consultation meeting at Veal village, Sangkat

Kouk Chok, Siem Reap,

Date 16 Aug. 2017

Public consultation meeting atTeak Saen Tbong

village, Sangkat Kouk Chok, Siem Reap, Date 16

Aug. 2017

Discussion meeting with Commune Councils at Svay

Dong Koum commune, date 17 Aug. 2017

Siem Reap Water Supply Authority,

date 14 July 2017

Discussion meeting with SRWA,

Date 14 July 2017

Discussion meeting with Siem Reap Provincial

Department of Public Works and Transport, date 14

July 2017

Discussion meeting with Commune Council at

Sangkat Kouk Chok, Siem Reap, date 13 July 2017

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Appendix 2: Public Information Booklet

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57

58

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Appendix 3: Organization of the Project Management Unit of SRWSA

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61

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Appendix 4: Simplified Environmental Monitoring Inspection Checklist

Monitoring Parameters Compliance YES NO N/A

Pre-Construction

a) Has the Provincial Government and local authorities been informed and given its consent of the project activities and schedule?

b) Has the APSARA Authority given its consent on pipe laying at APSARA Zone 2?

c) Has the DPWT been informed of road segments that will be affected?

d) Were affected households with driveways and sensitive receptors been informed of the project activities and schedule?

e) Was orientation training on environment safeguards undertaken for the PMU and construction team prior to start of construction activities?

f) Are workers informed of the chance find procedure for archaelogical artifacts?

Construction a) Are there barriers in the work area?

b) Are there safety warning signs?

c) Are workers wearing the appropriate personal protective gadgets applicable to type of work?

d) Are there flagmen/traffic aides in busy road lanes affected by pipelaying?

e) Are there information boards about the project, schedule, and SRWSA contact numbers?

f) Are there available temporary toilets/sanitation facilities for workers?

g) Are there garbage bins at the work area?

h) Is water sprinkling being undertaken to moisten earthen roads?

i) Are there silt traps, deviation channel or mounting barriers/trenches around excavated soils to prevent soil runoff?

j) Are there plates/cover and safe access or passageways for pedestrians in open excavations to avoid accidents?

k) Is daily cleaning of the work areas being undertaken?

l) Were there complaints received by communities?

m) Are there readily available first-aid facilities at the site?

n) Was the recommended dosage of chlorine during pipe disinfection and the resulting resdual chlorine of 0.1 – 0.2 mg/l followed?

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Appendix 5: Template of Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report

Summary: (to be included as part of the main Report)

Summary of EMMP Implementation

Description of monitoring activities carried out (e.g. field visits, community consultation meetings, site inspections, focus group discussions, etc)

Key issues, any corrective actions already taken, and any grievances

Recommendations Environment Safeguards Monitoring Report 1. Introduction and Project Overview Project Number and Title:

Reporting period:

This section can include, among others, the following: Activities of Proponent Progress of Work (% physical completion) Changes of Surrounding Environment Status of Permits

Monitoring period covered

Key sub-project activities since last report:

Report prepared by:

2. Environmental Performance Monitoring a. Status of Compliance with EMMP Requirements (Environmental Performance)

Environmental Impact

Options for Prevention or Mitigation

STATUS

Pre-Construction Phase

Construction Phase

Summary of EMMP Compliance Status: b. Results of Environmental Monitoring

Complaints resolution

Follow-up consultations EMMP implementation

Water quality at distribution network

Training/capacity building

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c. Issues for Further Action

Issue Required Action Responsibility and

Timing Resolution

Old Issues from Previous Reports

List of EMMP measures or activities not completed (last column of previous table)

New Issues from This Report

3. Conclusion

Important results from the implementation of EMMP monitoring Recommendations to improve EMMP management, implementation, and monitoring

4. Attachments

Permits Monitoring data (water quality, etc.) Photographs Maps

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Appendix 6: Approval Letter from Provincial Governor

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Appendix 7: Standard Operating Procedure of SRWSA for Water Quality Tests

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Appendix 8: Standard Operating Procedure of SRWSA for Pipe Laying/Installation