Calza-sock

Il ritorno venoso per chi studia la performance è un aspetto rilevante

Il carico interno ed il recupero sono influenzati dal ritorno venoso

Pressione circolatoria e gittata cardiaca ( volume di sangue espulso per minuto) ne sono influenzati

La microcircolazione cutanea e l’eliminazione di tossine ne sono influenzate

Il ritorno linfatico è ad esso collegato

Physiol Rev. 2008 Jul;88(3):1009-86. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2006. Regulation of coronary blood flow during exercise. Duncker DJ1, Bache RJ.

I fattori regolanti il ritorno venoso sono noti, valvole, spremitura venosa, gradiente di pressione etc. favoriscono il ritorno al cuore del sangue.

Il ruolo rilevante del piede

Gli archi del piede formano una volta che favoriscono il cedimento della stessa con conseguente aumento di pressione a questo livello, è chiaro che il movimento amplifica tale effetto.

Il letto capillare presente nella volta podalica suggerisce che vi sia una importante stasi venosa e ormai molti sostengono che il ritorno venoso inizi dal piede.

Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2010 Mar;293(3):370-8. doi: 10.1002/ar.21085. The anatomy and physiology of the venous foot pump. Corley GJ1, Broderick BJ, Nestor SM, Breen PP, Grace PA, Quondamatteo F, Olaighin G.

Dermatol Surg. 2014 Mar;40(3):225-33. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12381. Epub 2013 Dec 23. The foot venous system: anatomy, physiology and relevance to clinical practice. Ricci S1, Moro L, Antonelli Incalzi R. Abstract OBJECTIVE: This review aims to summarize present knowledge of foot venous return, with a special interest in clinical and research implications. METHODS: It is based on the latest available publications on foot anatomy and hemodynamics. MATERIALS ANATOMY: Five systems are described: the superficial veins of the sole, the deep veins of the sole (with particular attention to thelateral plantar vein), the superficial dorsal plexus, the marginal veins and the dorsal arch and the perforating system. The Foot Pump: The physiology of venous return is briefly described, with an emphasis on the differences between standing and walking and the interplay of the foot and calf venous systems. RESULTS: The hypothesis that the foot and calf venous systems may be in conflict in several clinical conditions (localization of leg ulcers, corona phlebectatica, foot vein dilatation, arteriovenous fistulas of the foot, foot-free bandaging) is presented, briefly discussed, and mechanistically interpreted. CONCLUSIONS: Foot venous return could be more important than is commonly thought. Certain clinical conditions could be explained by a conflict between the mechanisms of the foot pump and the leg pumps most proximal to the foot, rather than by generic pump insufficiency, with possible effects on treatment and compression strategies.

Perché definirlo cuore venoso? Ovviamente perché da questo punto parte il ritorno venoso

J Vasc Surg. 1996 Nov;24(5):819-24. Venous outflow of the leg: anatomy and physiologic mechanism of the plantar venous plexus. White JV1, Katz ML, Cisek P, Kreithen J.

Phlebology. 2015 Apr;30(3):180-93. doi: 10.1177/0268355513517686. Epub 2014 Jan 10. Anatomy of the veno-muscular pumps of the lower limb. Uhl JF1, Gillot C2. Author information Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study the anatomy of the veno-muscular pumps of the lower limb, particularly the calf pump, the most powerful of the lower limb, and to confirm its crucial importance in venous return.

RESULTS: The foot pump is the starter of the venous return. The calf pump can be divided into two anatomical parts: the leg pump located in the veins of the soleus muscle and the popliteal pump ending in the popliteal vein with the unique above-knee collector of the medial gastrocnemial veins. At the leg level, the lateral veins of the soleus are the bigger ones. They drain vertically into the fibular veins. The medial veins of the soleus, smaller, join the posterior tibial veins horizontally. At the popliteal level, medial gastrocnemial veins are the largest veins, which end uniquely as a large collector into the popliteal vein above the knee joint. This explains the power of the gastrocnemial pump: during walking, the high speed of the blood ejection during each muscular systole acts like a nozzle creating a powerful jet into the popliteal vein. This also explains the aspiration (Venturi) effect on the deep veins below. Finally, the thigh pump of the semimembranosus muscles pushes the blood of the deep femoral vein together with the quadriceps veins into the common femoral vein.

CONCLUSION: The veno-muscular pumps of the lower limb create a chain of events by their successive activation during walking. They play the role of a peripheral heart, which combined with venous valves serve to avoid gravitational reflux during muscular diastole. A stiffness of the ankle or/and the dispersion of the collectors inside the gastrocnemius could impair this powerful pump and so worsen venous return, causing development of severe chronic venous insufficiency.

Le posture con le differenti pressioni

Sebbene sia dubbioso sui valori mostrati in questa immagine, questa evidenzia la criticità di chi fosse seduto

L’ambiente influisce grandemente sul ritorno venoso, pavimentazioni, posture e calzature sono spesso causa di cattivi flussi di ritorno del sangue al cuore

Appare evidente che in questo esempio differenze di livello tra avampiede e retro piede scaricano in modo differente l’arco plantare e attivano in modo negativo il movimento della caviglia, importante articolazione per il ritorno venoso.

La gravità, i baricentri corporei elementi destabilizzanti ma anche elementi primari , da considerare, nella ricerca degli equilibri corporei.

Ovviamente posture improprie o disequilibranti tenderanno a gravare maggiormente su alcune catene muscolari e a chiudere angoli articolari essenziali per il passaggio del flusso venoso, es nella postura seduta la chiusura del ginocchio.

Int J Sports Med. 1996 Jan;17(1):17-21. Cycling cadence alters exercise hemodynamics. Gotshall RW1, Bauer TA, Fahrner SL. Author information Abstract Previous studies on cycling cadence have focused on the economy of the cadence, in search of the optimal pedal cadence. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamic changes associated with varying pedal cadence at a constant workload. It was hypothesized that increased pedal cadence would enhance the skeletal muscle pump, resulting in elevation of cardiac output. Seven cyclists were enlisted to cycle at 200 watts at pedal cadences of 70, 90 and 110 rpm (random order). Oxygen uptake, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and vascular resistance were determined. As has been previously shown, oxygen uptake increased with increased cadence (70, 90, 110 rpm) at this workload. Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure were increased, and vascular resistance decreased, with increased cadence. Cardiac output increased (34%) in excess of the increase in oxygen uptake (15%) as shown by the decrease (-14.5%) in the arterial-venous oxygen difference occurring with increasing cadence. Apparently, even though the workload was constant, the increase in pedal cadence resulted in a more effective skeletal-muscle pump which increased muscle blood flow and venous return. It is not known if this might contribute to the natural selection of higher cadences by cycling athletes, even though there is reduced economy.

Dall’immagine termografica risultano evidenti le differenti emissività tra una calza normale ed una serigrafata con la tecnologia FIR

Questo è lo spettro delle frequenza della luce, appare evidente la frequenza FIR,

I BENEFICI NEGLI SPORTIVI: incrementa le prestazioni atletiche; accelera il recupero dopo l'attività fisico/sportiva; evita il sovraffaticamento aumentando la concentrazione e la lucidità; riduce il dolore muscolare tardivo non favorendo la formazione di acido lattico; aiuta il rilassamento muscolare diminuendo la tensione dei muscoli; riduce infiammazione e gonfiori; allevia spasmi muscolari; supporta ed accelera la riabilitazione post trauma e accelera il recupero da traumi muscolari ed articolari (contratture, dorsalgia, lombalgia, sciatalgia, artrite, artrosi, periartrite, distorsioni....) accelera tutti i processi di guarigione, stimolando la riparazione cellulare e massimizzandone la salute (una cellula sana vuol dire corpo sano).

Protocollo: • 30 minuti in posizione seduta con

arto sospeso. • Con calza normale • Con calza a compressione graduata. • Termografia della gamba e del piede Risultati attesi: Maggior calore nella zona del meso piede

Calza sportiva convenzionale

Nuova calza a compressione graduata

Foto esempio

Foto esempio

Nuovo trampolino con rete separata tra destra e sinistra