CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Why Peak Demand Offset Measures Are Necessary When There Is “Enough” Energy Lorraine White Advisory to Vice Chair Pfannenstiel.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION

Why Peak Demand Offset Measures Are Necessary When There Is

“Enough” Energy

Lorraine WhiteAdvisory to Vice Chair Pfannenstiel

California Energy Commission

Energy Workshops for Water/Wastewater AgenciesAugust 2005


Background

Charged with Licensing thermal power plants 50 MWs and larger Adopting appliance and building energy efficiency standards Forecasting state energy use Conducting public interest energy research Maintaining energy information and performing analysis Proposing to the Governor integrated state energy policies


California• Population: 34 million,

1.1% per year growth • Multiple Utility Service

Territories• 2004 Electricity Use:

262,000 GWH • 2004 Peak Demand:

54,500 MW• Annual growth:

Consumption - 1.4% Peak - 1.65%


Energy System Concerns

• Growing Demand • Resource Adequacy• Fuel Diversity• Infrastructure• Environmental Quality• Long-term Uncertainty


California

• 2/3 of Precipitation inNorth

• 2/3 Demand in the South• Water Demand:

43 maf • Energy Use:

48,000 GWh; 4,300 MTh • Population by 2030:

48 million • 2030 Water Demand:

43-50 maf ?


Water System Concerns

• Growing Demand • Resource Adequacy• Water Quality• Infrastructure• Environmental

Protection• Long-term Uncertainty• Energy Use ?


2005 IEPR

• Water-Energy Relationship– Demand and supply strategies– Changes in the hydrological cycle– Energy system implications

• Ensure reliability and sustainability

• http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005_energypolicy/documents/index.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005_energypolicy/documents/index.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005_energypolicy/documents/index.html


Water Use Cycle Energy Intensities

(kWh/MG)

Collection, Extraction & Conveyance

Water Treatment

End-useAgriculturalResidentialCommercial

Industrial

WaterDistribution

Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater CollectionDischarge

Recycled Water Treatment

Recycled Water Distribution

Source

Source

[0-16,000]

[100-1,500] [700-1,200]

[400-1,200]

[1,100-4,600][0-400]

Preliminary Total = 1,900 to 23,700 kWh/MG


WER Synergies Saving water can save energy

Improve operational efficiency of systems Retrofit infrastructure with better designs and technologies Lower demand of end users

Reduce Peak Demand Advanced metering Time-Of-Use rates Shifting load

Energy generation Develop system resources (in-conduit hydro, biogas) Develop other renewable resource Reduce net energy requirement on grid

R&D


Regional Differences*

* These numbers are preliminary.

Source: California Energy Commission, Water-Energy Paper, 2005

Northern SouthernCalifornia CaliforniakWh/MG kWh/MG

Conveyance 150 8,900Treatment 100 100Distribution 1,200 1,200Wastewater Treatment 2,500 2,500Regional Total 3,950 12,700


Why is Peak An Issue?

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1 877 1753 2629 3505 4381 5257 6133 7009 7885 8761

Hou

rly D

eman

d in

200

0 (M

W)

Number of Hours

Peak Demand: 52,588 MW

1% of Time Demand greater than 48,528 MW




Patterns of Daily Peak Demand

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

Summer (May - Sept)

Low points are weekend or holidays

Demand is volatile in the summer


Peak Demand Savings from Standards and Efficiency Programs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

MW

Peak Demand Savings from Efficiency Programs

Utility Programs

Building & Appliance Standards


Per Capita Electricity Consumption

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

kWh/

pers

on

Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/total/csv/use_csv.html

United States

California

Per Capita Electricity Consumption


Conclusion

• There are plenty of challenges.

• We must act now for the short-term.– Increase energy efficiency– Develop available renewable resources– Improve infrastructure

• We need a comprehensive, coordinated, long-term program.


CEC Information

www.energy.ca.gov

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Why Peak Demand Offset Measures Are Necessary When There Is “Enough” Energy Lorraine White Advisory to Vice Chair Pfannenstiel.

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