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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS
Lab Workbook
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 3
Table of Contents
Lab 1Calibre Basic Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 7
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 7Lab Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8Exercise 1:Invoke Calibre DESIGNrev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Exercise 2:Launch
Calibre Interactive - nmDRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 12Exercise 3:View a Discrepancy With
Calibre RVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 17Exercise 4:Get Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20Exercise 5:Experiment With DESIGNrev (Optional) . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Lab 2Calibre nmDRC Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 45List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45Exercise 1:Set Up and Run Calibre nmDRC . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Exercise 2:Check the
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Exercise 3:Correct Errors in
the Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 67Exercise 4:Run Calibre nmDRC on the New
Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
Lab 3nmDRC Job Customization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75Exercise 1:Hierarchical versus Flat DRC Runs . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Exercise 2:Create
and Use Rule Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Exercise 3:Run DRC on a Selected
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 84Exercise 4:Run DRC Skipping Cells . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86Exercise 5:Display Hierarchical Results in Different Ways. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Exercise 6:Correct Errors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Exercise 7:Advanced Hierarchy in
DRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 92
Lab 4Calibre nmDRC Additional Topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 95List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95Exercise 1:Select Rule Checks by Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Exercise
2:Working With Fixed and Waived Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Exercise 3:Using Properties . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 105Exercise 4:Comparing Layout Versions With
dbdiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
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Table of Contents
4 Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS
Lab 5Calibre Incremental DRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 119List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 119Exercise 1:Run a Calibre Incremental DRC Complete Flow . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Exercise 2:Run a Calibre
Incremental DRC Previous Results Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 127Exercise 3:Run a Calibre Incremental DRC Design Delta Flow .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Lab 6Calibre nmLVS Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 133
List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133Exercise 1:Basic LVS Run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134Exercise 2:Investigating Nets in RVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Exercise
3:Investigating Layout Devices in RVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Exercise 4:Hierarchical LVS and
Hcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 160
Lab 7Texting and Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 165
List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
165Exercise 1:Find a Misspelled Layout Text Label . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Exercise 2:Find a
Badly-Placed Layout Text Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 170Exercise 3:Find Nonfunctional Text
Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 176Exercise 4:Find a Hard Connection Error (Not Shorts or
Opens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Exercise 5:Use
SCONNECT to Find Soft Connection Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 180Exercise 6:Fix Connectivity Errors. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 183
Lab 8Troubleshooting Shorts and Opens. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187Exercise 1:Troubleshooting an Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Exercise
2:Troubleshooting a Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Exercise
3:Troubleshooting a Circuit With Both Shorts and Opens . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 200Exercise 4:Troubleshooting a Power to
Ground Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 206
Lab 9Troubleshooting Device Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
213
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 213List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 213Exercise 1:Find a Pin Swap Discrepancy . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Exercise
2:Finding Malformed Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Exercise 3:Property
Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Lab 10Calibre nmLVS Additional Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
227
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 227List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 227Exercise 1:Using LVS ISOLATE SHORTS Features . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
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Table of Contents
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 5
Exercise 2:Applying Device Reduction Techniques . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Exercise 3:Working
With Device Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Lab 11Antennas, ERC, and Geometric Output . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 251List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 251Exercise 1:Improving Antenna Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Exercise
2:Create a GDSII Plot File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Exercise 3:ERC. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Lab 12Calibre Interactive Additional Features. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 265List of Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 265Exercise 1:Run a Calibre nmLVS Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Exercise
2:Use Calibre Interactive to Create an Hcell File . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268Exercise 3:Debug a Device Problem
Using the Layer Derivation Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
272Exercise 4:Add an SVRF Statement Using the GUI . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276Exercise 5:Debug a
Device Problem Using the COPY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 278
Lab 13Final Exam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 287
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 287Hints:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 287
Appendix ALVS Report Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 289
Report 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 289Report 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 295Report 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 311
Appendix BSchematics for Lab Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 317
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 322
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Table of Contents
6 Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 7
Lab 1Calibre Basic Concepts
IntroductionIn this lab you will learn how to launch the various
Calibre Interactive tools from the layout editor. You will run a
preset DRC job, learning how to view a discrepancy using Calibre
RVE. You will also explore how to obtain help for the various
Calibre tools.
Finally, you will be encouraged to experiment with polygon
creation in DESIGNrev to enable you to edit layout designs in
future labs.
Several concepts and procedures have not yet been thoroughly
explained in the lecture, but you will be given enough information
to perform the necessary tasks. You will obtain a deeper
understanding of these concepts in later lectures and labs.
In this first lab, all procedural steps contain full
step-by-step instructions and information. As you gain practice in
performing common procedures, the labs will provide less
instructions on those procedures. You will be informed in the labs
when detailed step-by-step instructions for a procedure will no
longer be given, and you will be provided with the most recent lab
step containing those instructions.
Lab ConventionsIn order to make labs as simple and clear as
possible, the instructions use the following conventions:
This class is written for DESIGNrev layout editor users.
You usually just click mouse buttons unless specifically told to
do otherwise.o LMB: left mouse button (default)o RMB: right mouse
button
o MMB: middle mouse button
Numbered or lettered steps indicate that you perform some
action. Paragraphs without numbers only provide supplemental
information or questions for you to think about
In the early exercises, all steps are provided. Once you have
completed a task, you will simply be told to do it, with maybe a
little reminder of how it was done.
You should leave the tools up and running as you move from
exercise to exercise. The exercises usually build on each other. On
the other hand, you can close the tools after a
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS8
Calibre Basic Concepts
lab (full block of exercises). If you are specifically told to
close a tool or application between exercises, you should do
so.
If you ever have any problems or questions about a lab, feel
free to ask your instructor for help.
List of ExercisesExercise 1: Invoke DESIGNrev and Launch
Calibre
Exercise 2: Launch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
Exercise 3: View a Discrepancy With Calibre RVE
Exercise 4: Get Help
Exercise 5: Experiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsInvoke Calibre DESIGNrev
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 9
Exercise 1: Invoke Calibre DESIGNrevIn this exercise you will
invoke DESIGNrev from the command line, load a GDSII design, and
load the layer palette.
1. From a UNIX shell, change your directory to lab1.cd
$HOME/calibre_drc_lvs/lab1
2. Launch DESIGNrev.$MGC_HOME/bin/calibredrv
CautionDo not launch DESIGNrev as a background process! Also do
not type in the DESIGNrev shell window once the application is
invoked until after you close it. Iconize this shell window to
minimize any chance of typing in it.
This command opens the initial DESIGNrev window.
Now you will load the GSDII file.
3. Choose Menu: File > Open Layout Files.
4. Select lab1.gds, by double-clicking.
These steps open the layout design you will be using for the
first parts of this lab.
Next you load the layer properties file. This file names the
layers (rather than just using numbers) and gives the layers their
expected colors.
5. Load the layer properties by clicking Menu: Layer > Load
Layer Properties.
This step opens the Load Layer Properties dialog box.
6. Select the process.layerprops file.
7. Click Open to load the layer properties.
The DESIGNrev window should look similar to the following:
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS10
Calibre Basic ConceptsInvoke Calibre DESIGNrev
If the background color you see is black rather than white,
change it to white by clicking the white color sample in the Layers
pane using the MMB (middle mouse button). In a later exercise, you
will review how to work in the DESIGNrev environment. For now, you
are ready to launch Calibre Interactive.
Calibre Interactive helps the user select which Calibre tool to
launch. In this class, we are covering DRC.
The last section of this lab covers Calibre RVE. For most of
this class, we will allow RVE to launch automatically after a DRC
run, so we will not select it at this point.
8. From DESIGNrev, choose Menu: Verification > RVE/CI
Setup.
This opens the RVE / CI Setup dialog box.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsInvoke Calibre DESIGNrev
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 11
In the RVE Specific area, the Highlight Base Layer is the layer
number of the first RVE highlight layer. The Count is the default
number of RVE highlight layers allowed. You will leave these two
numbers as the defaults.
The socket number is specified in the Server area. The socket
number determines which TCP-IP socket DESIGNrev will use to
communicate with Calibre Interactive and Calibre RVE. In general,
the socket number should not require editing. Leave the socket as
the default number (unless the instructor tells you otherwise).
Additional socket information: Sharing data between Calibre
DESIGNrev and any other application requiresestablishing a
connection between them using sockets and TCP-IP protocol. Sockets
are essentially addressesto which messages and data can be sent.
One application, the server, owns the address. The other, the
client,sends messages to that address. The Calibre DESIGNrev
revision tool selects a default socket forcommunicating with other
applications. If that socket is busy, it finds an available one.
However, if you intendto share data with another application that
is already running, you must know the socket number thatapplication
is using.
9. Click Cancel to close the RVE / CI setup dialog box.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS12
Calibre Basic ConceptsLaunch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
Exercise 2: Launch Calibre Interactive - nmDRCIn this exercise
you will open Calibre Interactive - nmDRC and load a runset
containing all the information required for a DRC run. You will
then review all the various menus and options available from
Calibre Interactive - nmDRC.
Initially, Calibre Interactive - nmDRC asks you to choose a
runset. A runset is a file containing saved settings of and entries
in Calibre Interactive so you can have consistency between Calibre
runs.
1. Invoke Calibre Interactive - nmDRC.
Choose Menu: Verification > Run nmDRC
The Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window and Load Runset File
dialog box should now be displayed, similar to the ones shown
below:
2. Click the Browse button in the Load Runset File dialog
box.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsLaunch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 13
This button opens the Choose Runset dialog box.
3. Making sure you are in the lab1 directory, select
lab1_runset.txt.
4. Click OK in the Choose Runset dialog box.
This step returns you to the Load Runset File dialog box with
lab1_runset.txt entered in the text box. The text should be green,
indicating a valid (existing) file.
5. Click OK in the Load Runset File dialog box.
This will make the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window active and
load all preset information into the dialog box. Inputs should be
the active Menu Button.
You now have all the information loaded required to perform a
DRC run.
6. Click Outputs.
This window displays the information you want Calibre to output
from this run and the proper format for RVE. Notice the Show
results in RVE is selected causing RVE to start with the DRC
results shown automatically.
The DRC Summary Report will be written to the file
lab1.drc.summary at the end the DRC run.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS14
Calibre Basic ConceptsLaunch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
7. Click Transcript.
This window will display the transcript while Calibre nmDRC
runs.
8. Click Run DRC.
NoteIf the Welcome to Calibre RVE dialog box opens, click OK to
close the dialog box.
At the end of the DRC run, two new windows open, The DRC Summary
Report window and Calibre RVE. In Calibre Interactive, the
Transcript window will look similar to below:
Note the last few of lines in the transcript window. They tell
you that the DRC-H run completed.
9. Scroll through the transcript to take note of the type of
information available.
10. Make the DRC Summary Report window active by selecting
it.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsLaunch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 15
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS16
Calibre Basic ConceptsLaunch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
This window displays the results of the DRC check in text
format. In later modules, you will cover how to read the report,
for now you may want to just skim the report to see the type of
information available.
11. When you are finished viewing the report, close the report
window. (Choose Menu: File > Close.)
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsView a Discrepancy With Calibre RVE
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 17
Exercise 3: View a Discrepancy With Calibre RVEIn the exercise,
you will learn how to use RVE to view discrepancies and highlight
them in the layout.
1. Make the RVE window active.
2. In RVE, choose Menu: View > Tree Options and unselect the
Show Empty Checks option if it is selected.
3. In RVE, choose Menu: View > Tree Options > Group By
> Cell/Check.
The RVE window will now look similar to this (you may need to
re-size the window or some of its frames to see all of the
information):
This window has pulldown menus that are similar to any
application.
It also has a toolbar for the commands used most frequently. The
icons from left to right are:
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS18
Calibre Basic ConceptsView a Discrepancy With Calibre RVE
The Tree View contains a tree structure of the DRC results. This
view provides a summary of the rule checks and cells involved in
the DRC run.
The Results Window, located to the right of the Tree View,
displays the list of results associated with the currently-selected
check.
Below the Results View is the Details area. This area provides
the layout coordinates for the discrepancies (useful when you
manually track the location in the layout).The Check Text Pane is
located at the bottom of the RVE window. This area displays the
information provided from the rule file about the current
discrepancy.
4. Look in the Tree View.
Q. What is the name of the rule with the discrepancy?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Click on result number, 1, in the Results View.
Open database
Clear all highlights
Highlight previous result
Highlight current result
Choose layout window viewing options
Highlight in cell context
Open RVE setup options tab
Highlight next result
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsView a Discrepancy With Calibre RVE
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 19
Q. What do you see now?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This is the type of information you will find for each
discrepancy.
In future labs, you will trace the error back to the layout. For
now you are finished using RVE.
6. Close the RVE window (Menu: File > Exit).
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS20
Calibre Basic ConceptsGet Help
Exercise 4: Get HelpIn this exercise, you will learn the basics
of where and how to find help on the various Calibre applications
you will be using in this class. There are basically two types of
help documentation available for Calibre. Tool Tips provide a brief
description of a particular button or field while the Help menu
offers access to all the printed documentation.
1. Make the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window active again.
2. Choose Menu: Setup > Show Tool Tips.
(Make sure the selection box is highlighted.)This button enables
Tool Tips.
When you place the cursor over a button or field that has a Tool
Tip available, a brief description of the button or field is
displayed after about two seconds.
3. Make the Inputs window active.
4. Display the Tool Tip for the File field.
Q. What does this Tool Tip tell you to
do?___________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. What interesting piece of information did you learn about
this field from the Tool Tip?
_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. Try the Tool Tip for the browse button at the end of the File
field.
Q. What is the Tool Tip?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You can leave the Tool Tips on, or turn them off for the rest of
the labs.
6. Choose Menu: Help > Help and Manuals.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsGet Help
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 21
7. Click Physical Verification. This action brings up the
infoHub specific to Physical Verification.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS22
Calibre Basic ConceptsGet Help
a. As shown in the picture above, there are many tabs in this
InfoHub. Click each of these tabs to view the functions
available:
i. Help & Manuals: Displays the content of the manuals
available with your Calibre installation.
ii. Support & Training: Provides access to the Mentor
Graphics SupportNet and Training websites, if the internet is
available on your workstation.
iii. System Admin: Displays the notes of the specific release of
Calibre plus installation information.
b. To continue with this exercise, return to the Help &
Manuals tab.
8. Select the Calibre Verification User's Manual. The InfoHub
lets you open either HTML or PDF. The content is the same in either
format.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsGet Help
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 23
9. Click the Open HTML button.
This step opens the content of the Calibre Verification User's
Manual, as shown below:
10. Click the Search tab, which is the third tab from the left
in the top-left hand corner of the browser window containing the
users manual.
11. Enter drc database in the search text box.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS24
Calibre Basic ConceptsGet Help
12. Click the arrow button: .
If the security warning dialog box comes up, select continue.
InfoHub will search through the document until it finds that
particular string of words.
13. In the left-hand pane of the InfoHub window and under the
Topic heading, click the DRC Results Database entry. The right-hand
pane of InfoHub presents it findings as shown below:
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsGet Help
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 25
If time permits, perform more searches until you are comfortable
with this function.
14. Close all InfoHub windows.
15. Close all Calibre windows.
(You do not need to save the runset.)Proceed to the next
exercise if you would like to get some practice using the Calibre
DESIGNrev layout viewer. Otherwise, this concludes Lab1. Do not
proceed to Lab2 until your instructor directs you to.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS26
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Exercise 5: Experiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)In this
exercise, you will learn how to perform some very simple operations
in Calibre DESIGNrev. There are multiple ways to perform any task
in DESIGNrev. In this lab, most tasks will be performed using the
Toolbar or mouse button (RMB or LMB) commands whenever
possible.
In this exercise, nothing you are going to do is exacting. You
are just to experiment with the tool. You may view any area, select
any polygon, change or move any shape. All illustrations are just
references to how your layout might look. Anything you do in this
exercise will have no bearing on future labs.
You will cover the following topics in this lab:
Displaying the Contents of a Cell
Displaying Lower/Higher levels of hierarchy detail
Zooming Out of an Area
Centering the Display
Selecting Polygons
Unselecting Polygon(s) Selecting more than one Polygon
Unselecting just one Polygon from a group Moving Polygons
Making a Box
Making a Polygon
Adding a New Vertex
Change a Shape By Moving a Segment (Edge) of a Polygon Notching
an Existing Shape
Changing the Grid
Changing the Ruler
Finding Instances using RVE
You will start the lab by re-launching DESIGNrev and loading a
layout file.
1. Launch DESIGNrev.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 27
$MGC_HOME/bin/calibredrv -m lab1.gds -l process.layerprops
This single command line launches DESIGNrev, opens the layout
file and loads the layer properties file in one step, instead of
multiple steps as shown in previous exercises.
2. To fit the entire layout into the window, click the Z All
toolbar icon. This step also puts you at a good starting point.
Displaying the Contents of a Cell1. Notice the Cells pane on the
left side of the tool. This pane controls which cell in the
design is currently displayed. The two tabs let you choose
between seeing the cells in the design listed alphabetically, or
displayed as hierarchical tree structure.
Notice the text entry field just below the tabs. This field lets
you navigate to a specific cell in a large design by entering a
partial cell name. Press Tab to complete a partial cell name or
Enter (or Return) to select the cell. If the string you type in is
ambiguous, the tool responds with the first cell it encounters that
matches the string.
2. If cells are not yet displayed as a hierarchical tree
structure, click the Tree tab.
3. Expand the tree if it is not already expanded, by click the +
by lab1 in the Cells tree to expand the hierarchy list of all the
cells in the lab1 cell.
4. Click a1720 in the cell hierarchy list.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS28
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
This action drops you into cell a1720, where you can both view
and edit the internal layout of the cell.
If the background color you see is black rather than white,
change it to white by click the white color sample in the Layers
pane using the MMB (middle mouse button).
5. Click lab1 in the cell hierarchy list to return to the full
design.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 29
Displaying Lower/Higher Levels of Hierarchy Detail1. Choose
Menu: View > Change Hierarchy Depth > Increment To Depth
This displays the layout structures one level lower in the
hierarchy. You cannot edit the contents of cells at this level, but
you can see the underlying structure and avoid creating shorts, and
so on.
2. Choose Menu: View > Change Hierarchy Depth > Decrement
To Depth.
This returns to only displaying the structures at the upper
level of the hierarchy.
Default Depth [0 0]
Depth Increase Depth [0 1]
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS30
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
NoteGo directly to a level in the hierarchy by typing the
desired level number. For example, 0 is the top level and 1 is the
level just below the top level. >Another trick that works very
well for this design (since it only has two levels of hierarchy),
is to use > for the lower level and
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 31
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS32
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Zooming Out of an Area:1. Press and hold down the RMB.
2. Draw a rectangle from the lower-right to the upper-left,
centering on the area that you would like centered in the new
display.
3. Release the RMB.
The size of the rectangle will determine how far the display
zooms out. The smaller the rectangle, the more the display will
zoom out.
The results may be similar to the following:
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 33
Centering the Display1. Place the cursor over the area you want
to be the new center of the display.
2. Click the middle mouse button (MMB).NoteIf you only have a
two-button mouse, click both buttons at the same time
The layout display recenters itself around the new center.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS34
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Selecting Polygons1. Choose the Select icon from the Toolbar
Menu. (Make sure the Select icon is selected.)
2. Unselect all selection types except Polygon.
3. Select any single item in the layout by clicking on it with
the LMB.
The selected polygon will highlight.
Unselecting Polygon(s)1. Choose the Select icon from the Toolbar
Menu. (Make sure the Select icon is selected.)2. Click the LMB in
an empty area of the layout.
The unselected polygon will lose its highlight.
Selecting More Than One Polygon1. Choose the Select icon from
the Toolbar Menu. (Make sure the Select icon is selected.)2. Hold
down the Shift key and click the LMB on the desired polygon.
The selected polygon will be highlighted.
3. Repeat step 2 above until you have selected all the desired
polygons.
The selected polygons will highlight as they are selected.
Unselecting Just One Polygon From a Group1. Choose the Select
icon from the Toolbar Menu. (Make sure the Select icon is
selected.)2. Hold down the Ctrl key and click the LMB on the
undesired polygon.
The unselected polygon will lose its highlight.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 35
Moving Polygons1. Select the polygon(s).2. Choose the Move icon
from the Toolbar Menu.
3. Press and hold down the LMB.
4. Drag the polygon(s) to their new location.NoteYou do need to
have the cursor directly over one of the selected items to move
them. The selected items will move relative to the cursor. Please
experiment with this feature, so you understand how the move
function operates.
5. Release the LMB.
Notice that your polygon(s) are still selected after the move
operation.6. Undo the move by selecting Menu: Edit > Undo:
Move.
NoteUndo is available from this menu for almost any action. The
default Undo/redo stack is 25 actions deep.
For the rest of the steps in this exercise, you may want to work
in an empty area of the layout
Making a Box1. Choose the Box icon from the Toolbar Menu.
2. Select a layer from the layer palette at the upper,
right-hand pane of DESIGNrev.
(The layer number highlights when selected.)
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS36
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
3. Click at a starting point for the box.
4. Click at the ending point. (Opposite diagonal)
Making a Polygon1. Choose the Poly icon from the Toolbar
Menu.
2. Select the desired layer from the layer palette. (The layer
number highlights when selected.)
3. Click at the starting point.
4. Click at each vertex.
5. Double-click to complete the polygon.
Adding a New Vertex1. Choose the Select icon.
Clicks
End Here
Start Here
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 37
2. Select the polygon.
3. Choose the Vertex icon from the Toolbar Menu.
4. Click to select the desired segment.
This highlights a segment of the polygon.
5. Click in the location for the new vertex.
Change a Shape by Moving a Segment (Edge) of a Polygon1.
Unselect everything. (Type u.)2. Set the Select Mode Options so
only Edge is selected.
3. Select the Move icon from the Toolbar Menu.
4. Click the LMB on the desired edge.
The edge will be highlighted.
5. Click and hold down the LMB.
6. Drag the segment to the new location.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS38
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
7. Release the mouse button.
8. Type u to unselect the edge
Notching an Existing Shape
1. Click the Select icon.
2. Set the select mode to polygon.
3. Select the polygon.
4. Choose the Notch icon from the Toolbar Menu.
5. Press and hold down the left mouse button and draw a
rectangle from RIGHT TO LEFT.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 39
6. Release the mouse button.
7. Unselect everything.
Notching Out an Existing Shape1. Select the polygon.
2. Choose the Notch icon from the Toolbar Menu. (Should already
be selected from the previous step.)
3. Press and hold down the left mouse button, and draw a
rectangle from LEFT TO RIGHT.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS40
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
4. Release the mouse button.
5. Unselect everything. (Type u.)
Changing the Grid1. Choose Menu: Options > Grid Setting.
2. Change the grid spacing to 0.001.
3. Click Apply.
4. Click OK.
Changing the Ruler1. Choose Menu: Options > Ruler.
2. Select Manhattan.
3. Select Snapping: Vertex/Edge.
These settings will cause the ruler to snap to edges and make it
easier to measure polygons. You may want to change it to snap to
grids for other types of editing.
4. Click Apply.
5. Click OK.
Finding an Instance With RVE1. Display the entire layout (Z
all).2. Choose Menu: Tools > Scan with RVE > Scan References
with RVE.
This act opens the Scan References with RVE dialog box.
3. Type a2311 in the text box, or click the down arrow to the
right of the Cell Name field, and select a2311 from the dropdown
list.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 41
4. Click OK.
This action launches RVE.
You will see that there are 10 instances of the a2311 cell in
lab1.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS42
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
5. Click the RMB over cell a2311 and choose Popup: Highlight
> Highlight All to highlight all the instances of a2311 in
lab1.
-
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 43
All the instances are now highlighted in DESIGNrev.
Close all Calibre windows, so you will be ready for the next
lab.
(Do not save any files.)This concludes Lab 1. Do not proceed to
the next lab until your instructor directs you to.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS44
Calibre Basic ConceptsExperiment With DESIGNrev (Optional)
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 45
Lab 2Calibre nmDRC Basics
IntroductionThis lab contains simplified instructions for some
of the steps because you have performed similar ones in the
previous lab. New procedures will be fully explained.
In this lab, you will run a Calibre nmDRC verification of a
layout. At this time, Calibre nmDRC will find several results
(errors). When the verification completes, you will view the
results by reading the ASCII DRC Summary Report file and using
Calibre RVE to highlight the error in a layout tool.
After you find all the errors in the layout, you will correct at
least one of the errors, run Calibre nmDRC on the modified layout,
and again check the results with Calibre RVE.
By doing this lab, you perform an entire iteration of checking a
layout, making corrections, and verifying the corrections
List of ExercisesExercise 1: Setup and Run Calibre nmDRC
Exercise 2: Check the Results
Exercise 3: Correct Errors in the Layout
Exercise 4: Run Calibre nmDRC on the New Layout
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS46
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
Exercise 1: Set Up and Run Calibre nmDRCIn this exercise you
will set up a DRC run without help from a runset.
1. Make sure you are still logged in to the workstation.
2. Open a UNIX shell and change your directory to the location
of the lab 2 training files as follows:
cd $HOME/calibre_drc_lvs/lab2
3. Launch the layout tool and load lab2.gds.
a. Launch DESIGNrev.
calibredrv -m lab2.gds
b. Launch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC for cell lab2.
(Menu: Verification > Run nmDRC)
These actions launch Calibre Interactive - nmDRC, displaying the
Load Runset dialog box.
In the previous lab, you used a runset to load all the required
information. In this lab you will create your own runset by
entering all the information by hand first.
4. Choose Cancel in the Load Runset File dialog box.
This step makes the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC dialog box
active with the Inputs Menu button selected.
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 47
Notice that the Layout file name and the Inputs button both are
green. But lab2.calibre.db is NOT the name of your layout file.
Q. Why is the Inputs button green?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Unselect Export from layout viewer.
NoteWhen Export from layout viewer was selected, you were
instructing Calibre to create the layout file specified in the File
text box, writing the current layout in the layout viewer to this
file. If the GSDII file already exists, Calibre will ask your
permission to overwrite the existing file.When you unselect this
option, you are telling Calibre to read the layout from the file
you provided in the File text box, ignoring the layout in the
layout viewer.
Q. Now what color is the Inputs button?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. In the Run field, select DRC (Hierarchical).7. Type lab2.gds
in the File text box.
Q. Is the Inputs button now
green?____________________________________
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS48
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
_____________________________________________________________
If it is not green, try reentering the GDSII file name using the
Browse button.
8. Make sure the file format is GDSII.
9. Check the name of the Top cell.
Is it lab2?
If not, correct it, so lab2 is in the Top Cell text box.
The dialog box should look similar to the following screen shot.
(You may have the full path for the GDSII file.)
You now have all the required input information. It is time to
load the rule information.
10. Click the Rules menu button.
This displays the Rules information needed for a DRC run.
11. Type golden_rules in the Calibre nmDRC Rules File text
box.
Make sure the text turns green, indicating this is an existing
file.
12. Click Load to load the rule file.
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 49
It is not required at this point to load the rule file. Calibre
will automatically load the rule file when it runs. The advantage
of loading the rule file at this point is that Calibre will parse
the file and notify you of any problems (for example, syntax)
before you do any more set up work.
While you are entering the rule file information, now is a good
time to take a brief look at the rule file.
13. Click View.
This displays the golden_rules file in a text window.
Take a second and review the file contents. Notice that this is
a very simple rule file and only contains layer definitions and a
handful of DRC rules. Also notice the red Edit button in the lower
right-hand corner of the window. It indicates that the file is not
available for edit. (It is a safety feature so you do not
accidentally make edits to a golden rule file.)
14. When you are finished reviewing the rule file, close the
window.
(Menu: File > Close.)
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS50
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
Return to the Calibre Interactive window
15. Note the value in the Calibre nmDRC Run Directory.
It should either be . or //calibre_drc_lvs/lab2 (omitting the
quotes). This will place all the resulting files either in the
current directory (.) or in $HOME/calibre_drc_lvs/lab2. The dialog
box should now look similar to the one illustrated below. (Again,
you may have the full path names in the text boxes.)
16. Click the Outputs menu button.
This displays the dialog box where you will set the names of the
output files.
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 51
Accept the defaults for all the fields and buttons in the
pane.
In summary, you are creating files lab2.drc.results (the DRC
Results Database) and lab2.drc.summary (the DRC Summary Report). As
soon as Calibre produces a result, RVE will start. Also a window
will be launched to display the content of the summary report file
when the run finishes.
17. Click the Transcript menu button.
This displays the Transcript during the DRC run. From here you
can quickly note any problems that may occur during the run. This
step is not required. The transcript will display automatically
during a DRC run.
18. Click Run DRC to start the run.
When the run completes: RVE launches, the DRC Summary Report
displays, and the Transcript Window should look similar to
below:
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS52
Calibre nmDRC BasicsSet Up and Run Calibre nmDRC
You will analyze the results in the next exercise.
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 53
Exercise 2: Check the ResultsIn this exercise, you will review
the error messages found in the transcript, summary report, and
RVE. You will also highlight the errors in the layout.
1. Look at the transcript window and answer the following
questions:
Q. How many rules were executed?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. How many discrepancies (results) were found?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q. What does the number in parentheses () mean?
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Scan the Summary Report and answer the following
questions:
(Hint: This information is towards the bottom of the report.)Q.
Which rules have discrepancies?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Q. How many of these rules would have produced more results for
a flat run because the discrepancies occurred in cells that are
instantiated several times in the layout?
Q. Which cell(s) have
discrepancies?_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Notice that you can get increasing details as you step through
the various output files available.
3. Close the DRC Summary Report Window.
4. Make the RVE window active (you may need to re-size the RVE
window to see all of the information shown in the following screen
shot).
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS54
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
5. Modify the display of results in Calibre RVE by selecting
Menu: View > Tree Options > Check/Cell. This will prioritize
the display by check first and then by cell.
NoteThe above step may not be necessary and the initial RVE
display you see may be different from the previous screen shot if
you had chosen Menu: View > Tree Options > Check/Cell in an
earlier RVE session. RVE remembers these settings from run to
run.
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 55
6. Display the details for each of the results by clicking on
the +'s in front of the rulechecks until fully expanded.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS56
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Q. Does the information in this display correspond with the
knowledge you already gained from the transcript and the Summary
Report?
Q. Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Next, you will set up the highlight options for displaying the
discrepancies in the layout.
7. Set up highlighting:
a. Choose Menu: Setup > Options.
This opens the Options tab in Calibre RVE.
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 57
b. Make sure the Highlighting category is displayed.
c. Enable Zoom to highlights by.
d. Enter 0.4 in the text box. (This zoom works well for the
errors in the current layout.)e. Enable the Clear existing
highlights before showing new highlights.
f. Enable the Clear highlights in design tools when RVE
exits.
g. Click Apply.
8. Click the lab2.drc.results tab to return to the result
display.
Next, you will find out a little more information about one of
the discrepancies.
9. Click on the RuleCheck min_spacing_metal2.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS58
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
This displays additional information about the rule.
10. Read the contents of the Check Text pane.
Q. What is the rule
specification?__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Interesting side note: What is the name of the rule file?
______________________________________________________________________________
Q. Is that the name of the rule file you specified?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Why do you think Calibre Interactive changed the name of your
rule file?
_______________________________________________________________
Tip: This is not obvious! You may need to look this up in the
documentation. Look in the Calibre Interactive User's Manual and
search for control filenames.
Next, you will highlight the error in the layout.
11. Adjust the layout window so you can view both RVE and the
Layout Viewer at the same time.
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 59
12. Select result 4. (This is the only result for this
check.)13. Click the highlight icon in the toolbar.
The layout viewer pans and zooms into the display to highlight
the discrepancy.
Notice that the error is centered in the display.
Q. What is the problem with this part of the layout?
______________________
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS60
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Q. If you had multiple errors highlighted, how would you know
which rulecheck had been violated?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Before looking at another error, you will make sure Calibre RVE
is configured to display the rulecheck name and Result number when
you highlight a result.
14. In RVE, click on the Options tab.
15. Make sure the Highlighting category is displayed.
16. Click DRC/DFM Highlighting to display DRC highlighting
controls.
17. Select Show Check Names and Show Result IDs.
18. Click Apply.
19. In RVE, click the lab2.drc.restults tab.
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 61
20. Click on the RuleCheck min_ext_oxide_poly.
21. Select result 8. (This is the only result for this
check.)22. Click the highlight icon in the toolbar.
The layout viewer pans and zooms into the display to highlight
the discrepancy.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS62
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Notice that the error is centered in the display. It is also in
an empty area of the display. What is going on?
23. In the layout viewer, zoom out the display until you can
tell which cell contains the error.
Q. Which cell contains the error?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. You ran the DRC check in hierarchical mode, so why do you
think the error appears in the top cell (lab2) in the
reports?_____________________________________________________________
Before you view any more discrepancies, you will rerun Calibre
nmDRC with a new option so you can have more useful results.
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 63
24. Close RVE. (Menu: File > Exit)Because you have configured
RVE to clear highlights on exit, this also erases all highlights in
the layout viewer.
25. In Calibre Interactive - DRC, choose Menu: Setup > DRC
Options.
This adds an additional menu button, DRC Options, and displays
the options available for a DRC run.
26. In the Output tab in this new pane, select Output cell
errors in cell space.
Tip: This is also called displaying errors in context.
27. Click Run DRC to perform another DRC run.
A new RVE window opens.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS64
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
28. In this new RVE window, select Menu: View > Tree Options
> Group By > Cell/Check.
Calibre - RVE now displays results sorted by cell first then by
check.
Q. What is different about these results?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
29. Expand the results for a1230 and select result 8.
30. Choose Menu: Highlight > Highlight in Context.
(Make sure this option is selected.)31. Highlight the error.
The Layout tool descends into the cell a1230 and zooms to the
discrepancy.
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 65
Now you can see exactly where the error is and what polygons are
involved.
When you are running a design in hierarchical mode and you want
to display the results in the context of the cells where they are
located, it is a good idea to select the Output cell errors in cell
space option.
32. Zoom out at least twice so you can get a better view of the
problem.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS66
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCheck the Results
Q. What appears to be the
problem?________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now that you have displayed two of the errors and have looked at
the errors hierarchically, you should be able to display the rest
of the errors on your own.
33. Highlight one of the errors in cell lab2, then use the
Highlight Next Error and Highlight Previous Error buttons to
display the rest of the errors.
Note what the problems are with each of the discrepancies.
In the next exercise, we will fix one of the discrepancies.
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCorrect Errors in the Layout
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 67
Exercise 3: Correct Errors in the Layout In this exercise, you
will be given step by step instructions to correct one of the
problems in the main cell, lab2. We will correct the second error
for the min_spacing_metal1 problem.
1. Click the Eraser icon in RVE to erase all exiting highlights
in the layout viewer.
2. In RVE, expand the error tree for cell lab2 until all the
errors are displayed.
3. Select the second error for the min_spacing_metal1
RuleCheck.
4. Click the highlight icon on the toolbar to highlight the
error.
The display should look similar to below:
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS68
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCorrect Errors in the Layout
Q. How far apart should these two metal1 shapes be?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Zoom out and re-center the display so you can see the entire
upper metal1 shape (Shift-Z).The display should look similar to
below:
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCorrect Errors in the Layout
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 69
Looking at the illustration above, it appears that you have
plenty of room to move the upper metal1 run up and away from the
lower metal1 run.
Q. What else will you need to move?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
First you will add a ruler to the display to make sure you move
all three components. You will want to set the ruler options first
to make rulers easier to use for this application.
a. Choose Menu: Options > Ruler
b. Select 45-deg for direction.
c. Select Grid for the snap option.
d. Select Allow multiple rulers (near the bottom of the dialog
box).e. Specify a color that contrasts well with the display
background.
f. Click OK to execute and close the dialog box.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS70
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCorrect Errors in the Layout
g. Click the Ruler icon from the toolbar.
6. Draw two rulers beginning from the lower metal1 polygon, one
at 1.00um and one at 2.00um.
The display in should look similar to below:
These two rulers will give an idea if you are far enough away
from the lower metal1 polygon.
7. Click the Move icon from the toolbar, and make sure the
Polygon selection filter is selected.
8. Select the upper metal1 polygon.
9. Move the polygon up until it is even with the top of the
right metal2 run.
Your layout should look similar to below:
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Calibre nmDRC BasicsCorrect Errors in the Layout
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 71
Q. Using your rulers as a guide should this polygon pass the
RuleCheck now?
______________________________________________________________
10. Select and move the two a9500 via cells so they are properly
centered over the metal1/metal2 intersections.
a. Press the 0 key to display only the top level of the
hierarchy.
The tool displays the cell outlines. (You cannot move a cell if
you are viewing its contents.)
b. In the selection filters portion of the toolbar, enable
Reference.
c. Click the cell reference and drag it into position.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS72
Calibre nmDRC BasicsCorrect Errors in the Layout
Your layout should look similar to below:
You may want to view down the hierarchy to make sure the
contacts of the a9500 vias are centered properly.
Tip: To change the view to only display the contents of the next
cell down in the hierarchy you can type: >. Conversely, to
display one step higher in the hierarchy, type:
-
Calibre nmDRC BasicsRun Calibre nmDRC on the New Layout
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 73
Exercise 4: Run Calibre nmDRC on the New LayoutIn this exercise,
you will run DRC on the new layout and check your fixes. You will
use the Calibre feature that reads the layout directly from the
layout editor rather than needing to write the edited file out to
GDSII before making the Calibre run.
1. Return to the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC Window. (Do not
relaunch Calibre Interactive-use the existing window.)
2. Change the following information:
The Inputs tab of the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window should
look similar to the following:
You may have noticed that the File text and the Inputs tab were
displayed in red at first then changed to green when you selected
Export from layout viewer. This indicates that the lab2_fixed.gds
file does not currently exist, but Calibre has enough
information
[Outputs] DRC Results Database File lab2_fixed.db[Outputs] DRC
Summary Report File drc_report_fixed[Inputs] Layout File
lab2_fixed.gds[Inputs] Export from layout viewer selected
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS74
Calibre nmDRC BasicsRun Calibre nmDRC on the New Layout
to perform a DRC run because you instructed Calibre to obtain
the GDSII file from the layout editor before it starts the actual
verification.
You are now ready to run DRC on the new data.
3. Click Run DRC.
Q. What results do you expect?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Use the Transcript, Summary Report, and RVE to check your
results.
Q. What results did you
get?______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. View the remaining errors using RVE.
If you have any errors, other than the expected ones, you may
want to go back and try to fix the discrepancies again. If this is
the case, you will get a message asking if it is OK to overwrite
the lab2_fixed.gds file when you re-run DRC to check your results.
Click OK.You may try to fix the other errors on your own and re-run
DRC.
6. In RVE, click on the Options tab.
7. Make sure the Highlighting category is displayed.
8. Reset the highlighting options before exiting the tool:
a. Uncheck clear existing highlights before showing new
highlights.
b. Click DRC/DFM Highlighting to display DRC highlighting
controls.
c. Unselecat Show Check Names and Show Results IDs.
9. Click Apply.
10. When you are finished, please exit all Calibre windows and
the layout viewer application so you will be ready to begin the
next lab.
Do not begin the next lab until instructed to do so.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 75
Lab 3nmDRC Job Customization
In this lab you will experiment with various advanced DRC
skills. These skills range from observing the value of hierarchical
vs. flat DRC runs to learning the mechanics of creating and using
Rule Groups to applying DRC checking to only certain areas of the
cell.
Since you have made several DRC runs, the instructions for this
lab assume you know the basics. While new concepts will be
completely described, you will simply be told to perform tasks you
have encountered several times before. If you cannot remember
exactly how to perform a task, look back at previous labs.
List of ExercisesExercise 1: Hierarchical versus Flat DRC
Runs
Exercise 2: Create and Use Rule Groups
Exercise 3: Run DRC on a Selected Area
Exercise 4: Run DRC Skipping Cells
Exercise 5: Display Hierarchical Results in Different Ways
Exercise 6: Correct Errors
Exercise 7: Advanced Hierarchy in DRC
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS76
nmDRC Job CustomizationHierarchical versus Flat DRC Runs
Exercise 1: Hierarchical versus Flat DRC RunsIn all the previous
labs, there have only been a few errors inside cells with only one
instance in the design. In this lab, you will clearly see the
benefits of running hierarchical DRC for tracking down where the
discrepancies are really happening.
1. Change to the lab3 directory.cd
$HOME/calibre_drc_lvs/lab3
2. Launch the layout viewer and Calibre nmDRC.
a. Launch Calibre DESIGNrev.
calibredrv -m lab3.gds
b. From Calibre DESIGNrev, choose Menu: Verification > Run
nmDRC.
3. Choose Cancel in the Load Runset File dialog box.
You will create a new runset.
You should now have the layout viewer open displaying lab3.gds
and the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window open with the default
data loaded.
4. Enter the following data on the Inputs pane:
5. Enter the following data on the Rules pane:
Run DRC (Flat)
Layout File lab3.gds
Format GDSII
Export from layout viewer unselected
Top Cell lab3
Area unselected
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationHierarchical versus Flat DRC Runs
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 77
6. Enter the following data on the Outputs pane:
7. Click Run DRC.
Q. How many discrepancies did you have?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
This layout has quite a few errors.
Q. Do you think running in Hierarchical mode would help?
_____________________________________________________________________________
Calibre - DRC Rules File golden_rules
Calibre - DRC Run Directory .
DRC Results Database File lab3_flat.db
Format ASCII
Show results in RVE selected
Write DRC Summary Report File selected
File lab3_flat_report
Replace file / Append to file Replace file
Annotate hierarchical ASCII results databases with flat results
counts
(no effect since this run is flat)
View summary report after DRC finishes selected
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS78
nmDRC Job CustomizationHierarchical versus Flat DRC Runs
Q. Is this the type of design where you could gain benefits from
hierarchy?
________________________________________________________________
8. Close the RVE and Summary Report windows.
9. Change the following DRC parameters:
10. Run DRC again.
Q. How many errors do you have this time?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. What happened to the rest of the errors?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
This seems like a much more fixable amount of discrepancies than
your first run.
Now that you have seen the value of hierarchy, you are ready to
learn how to use additional debugging concepts.
11. Close the RVE and Summary Report windows.
12. Leave Calibre Interactive - nmDRC open.
[Inputs] Run DRC (Hierarchical)[Outputs] DRC Results Database
File lab3_hier.db[Outputs] DRC Summary Report File
lab3_hier_report[Outputs] Annotate hierarchical ASCIIresults
databases with flat result counts
selected
[DRC Options> Output] Output cell errors in cell space
selected
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationCreate and Use Rule Groups
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 79
Exercise 2: Create and Use Rule GroupsIn this exercise you will
edit a rule file to create groups of rules. You will then use these
groups to aid in categorizing the type of discrepancies you are
encountering.
1. Return to the Rules pane of the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC
window.
2. View the golden_rules file.
Q. Notice the rule file naturally organizes the rules into three
categories. What are
they?_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Q. What rules are under each category?Category 1 (Minimum width
rules):_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Category 2 (Minimum spacing
rules):_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Category 3 (Minimum extension
rules):_____________________________________________________________
Since it is a good practice to never edit your golden rule file,
we will follow this practice in the lab. You will edit a rule file
called lab3_rules to create the Rule groups and specify this file
in the Include pane.
3. In the file viewer window (currently displaying the
golden_rules file), choose Menu: File > Open.
4. Select lab3_rules from the Files list in the Open a Text File
dialog box.
5. Click OK.
6. Choose New Window when you are asked where to view the new
file (this will allow you to copy and paste rule names from the
rule file window into the lab3_rules window).This closes the Open a
Text File dialog box and loads the lab3_rules file into a new File
Viewer window.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS80
nmDRC Job CustomizationCreate and Use Rule Groups
Next you have to make the file editable.
7. Click the red Edit button near the lower right corner.
This toggles the Edit button to green and the file is now
editable.
Before you can edit the file you need to make sure you know the
correct syntax for grouping rules.
Q. What is the syntax for grouping rules using the rule file?
____________________________________________________________________________
Tip: The answer was in the lecture, or you can look it up in the
Standard Verification Rule Format (SVRF) Manual.
Now, you have enough information to define the rule groups.
8. Using the group names: min_width, min_spacing, and
min_extension, write the rule-grouping rules in the lab3_rule
file.
Rule check
code:_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
9. Save the lab3_rules file.
10. Click the Include tab on the DRC Options pane of the Calibre
Interactive - nmDRC window.
You may need to display the DRC Options pane from the Setup
Menu.
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationCreate and Use Rule Groups
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 81
11. Enter lab3_rules. (Make sure the name is green.)Calibre
Interactive - nm DRC should look similar to below:
12. In the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window, load the
golden_rules file (Button: Rules > Load).
13. Choose Menu: Setup > Select Checks.
NoteIf you have an error in the syntax or a nonexistent rule
(typo in the rule name), you will receive an error message when you
try to open the Select Checks dialog box. Correct any problems and
try to load the rules again.
This opens the Select Checks window. It should look similar to
below:
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS82
nmDRC Job CustomizationCreate and Use Rule Groups
Take note of the groups and the number of rules in each group.
Make sure that your groups match those in the illustration. If not,
go back and edit your rule file to make them match.
First you are only going to run min_width checks.
14. Choose Menu: Select > Unselect All Checks.
Notice that each rule now has a red x in front of it. This is a
flag that this rule will not be checked.
15. Click on the min_width name in the Groups list box.
This toggles the group selection back to green. It also changes
the rules in that group back to green in the Checks list box. The
window should look similar to the following:
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationCreate and Use Rule Groups
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 83
16. Run DRC again.
(Notice it is not necessary to close the Select Checks
window.)Q. How many errors do you have this time?
____________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Q. Are these errors only from the rules in the selected group?
___________________________________________________________________________
17. Close the RVE and Summary Report windows.
18. Spend some time experimenting with the rules selection
feature.
19. When you are finished experimenting, make sure all rules are
selected, close the Select Rules window, and close any open RVE or
Summary report windows you may have opened during your
experiments.
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Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS84
nmDRC Job CustomizationRun DRC on a Selected Area
Exercise 3: Run DRC on a Selected AreaIn this exercise you will
run the DRC checks on just a selected area in the layout.
1. Make the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window active.
2. Display the Inputs tab.
3. Select the Area option button.
You need to define the area you wish to check.
4. Click the Browse button located next to the Area text
box.
Q. What
happens?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This opens a dialog box telling you that it is waiting for
input. Ignore this message for now.
5. Make the Layout Viewer window active.
6. Hold down the LMB and draw a rectangle around the desired
area. (Any area in the layout will do for this step.)
7. Release the LMB.
Q. What happened in the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window?
_________________________________________________________________________
8. Run DRC.
Q. What kind of results do you get?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
9. Close the DRC Summary Report and RVE windows.
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationRun DRC on a Selected Area
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 85
10. Experiment several times with making area DRC runs until you
are comfortable with the process.
11. Answer the following questions.
Q. Looking just in RVE, can you tell that you only checked part
of the
layout?______________________________________________________________
Q. Looking just in the Summary Report, can you tell you only
checked part of the layout?
_____________________________________________________________
Q. Can you tell in the Transcript that you only checked part of
the layout?
_________________________________________________________________
Tip: Use Menu: Transcript > Search in Calibre Interactive -
nmDRC to look for the phrase LAYOUT WINDOW.
Q. When would the Area option be a useful tool?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. Close any open RVE and Summary Report windows.
13. Unselect Area in the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC Inputs
window.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS86
nmDRC Job CustomizationRun DRC Skipping Cells
Exercise 4: Run DRC Skipping CellsOften, you will want to start
running DRC before a design is completely finished. To avoid
sorting out the errors in incomplete cells, it is easier to just
skip them. In this exercise, you will learn how to skip cells.
1. Make the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window active.
2. If the lab3_rules file is no longer open in a text edit
window, choose Menu: File > View Text File in Calibre
Interactive - nmDRC and open the lab3_rules file for editing.
3. Find the command syntax you would add to a rule file to
exclude a cell.
Tip: Look either in the lecture or in the SVRF Manual.
Q. What is it?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. What would the command to exclude cell a2311 look like?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Enter this command to the lab3_rules rule file.
5. Save the file.
6. Run DRC.
Q. What kind of results did you get?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Does this give you an idea where a large number of the
problems are
located?_____________________________________________________________
7. Close any RVE and Summary Report windows.
8. Re-edit the lab3_rules file to comment out the EXCLUDE CELL
statement. (Add // to the beginning of the line.)
9. Save the rule file.
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationDisplay Hierarchical Results in Different
Ways
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 87
Exercise 5: Display Hierarchical Results in Different Ways
In this exercise you will display hierarchical results in two
different ways:
Displaying errors on the top level of the hierarchy
Displaying errors within the child cell with the error
1. Return to the Calibre Interactive - nmDRC window.
NoteYou should have already completed the next several steps for
a previous exercise; they are just repeated, here, for completeness
for how to display the hierarchical results
2. Choose the DRC Options menu button.
3. Choose the Output tab.
4. Select the option Output cell errors in cell space
(Hierarchical DRC only).The Calibre Interactive - nm DRC window
should look similar to below:
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS88
nmDRC Job CustomizationDisplay Hierarchical Results in Different
Ways
NoteOlder versions of Calibre Interactive do not offer the
Output cell errors in cell space option. If your version of Calibre
does not have this option, you will need to add the line DRC CELL
NAME YES CELL SPACE XFORM to the lab3_rules file. (You will also
need to save the updated rule file.)
5. Choose Run DRC.
The error tree should look similar to below:
To make all your viewing options available all the time, you
need to make highlighting in context the default. (You can then
turn it off when desired.)
6. In RVE, choose Menu: Highlight and make sure Highlight in
Context is selected.
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationDisplay Hierarchical Results in Different
Ways
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 89
7. Open the RVE error tree for cell a1310.
8. Select the error.
9. Highlight this error by choosing the Highlight icon.
This opens the a1310 cell and zooms into the error.
10. Return to the RVE window and erase the highlight.
11. In the RVE window, unselect Menu: Highlight > Highlight
in Context.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS90
nmDRC Job CustomizationDisplay Hierarchical Results in Different
Ways
12. Highlight the error again.
This displays the error in the context of the top cell
(lab3).
Depending on your editing needs or preferred editing style, you
can display the results either way to fit your needs.
13. If you have time, experiment displaying the other errors in
various ways.
14. When you are ready to go to the next exercise, erase all
highlights.
-
nmDRC Job CustomizationCorrect Errors
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 91
Exercise 6: Correct Errors This is a free-form exercise. There
are 13 errors in the layout. Using the skills you learned in this
lab (and all the previous labs), see how many of the errors you can
correct in the time remaining.
Do not forget to change the layout to a new name, and select
Export from layout viewer in the Inputs pane of the Calibre
Interactive - nmDRC window so changes are reflected in the DRC
run.
When finished, close the Summary Report, Calibre RVE, and
Calibre Interactive - nmDRC windows, and the layout viewer.
NoteIf you are running out of time to finish the lab, go on to
the next exercise now and return to this exercise if there is time
to do so. When you do go on to the next exercise, you should close
all Calibre and layout viewer windows. If you do return to this
exercise, you will need to re-load the lab3.gds layout and re-start
Calibre Interactive - nmDRC. Refer to the steps at the beginning of
this exercise, if necessary.
-
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS92
nmDRC Job CustomizationAdvanced Hierarchy in DRC
Exercise 7: Advanced Hierarchy in DRCIn this exercise you will
do one more experiment with hierarchy. This time you will work with
cells that Calibre flattens in order to improve efficiency.
1. Open layout lab3a.gds and launch Calibre Interactive
-nmDRC.
a. In DESIGNrev, open the layout lab3a.gds.
b. From Calibre DESIGNrev, choose Menu: Verification > Run
nmDRC.
c. Click Cancel when prompted for a runset.
2. Configure Calibre Interactive - nmDRC:
a. Display the Inputs pane.
b. Change the layout file to lab3a.gds.
c. Make sure Export from layout viewer is unselected.
d. For Rules in Calibre Interactive - nmDRC, use golden_rules
file.
e. In the Output tab of the DRC Options pane, select Output cell
errors in cell space.
3. Run DRC.
Notice that all the errors are in the lab3 cell.
4. Highlight the min_poly_width error.
Even though the error is in a lower cell it is being displayed
in the top level cell. You have set up to display in the cell, but
it is not working as expected in this case. Why?
In this design, there is only one instance of this cell, a1720.
It is more efficient for Calibre to flatten this cell during
analysis rather than to maintain the hierarchy. But you would like
to see the errors within the cell. What are you going to do? You
have two options: Run DRC on just that cell, or force Calibre to
maintain the hierarchy.
5. Try running DRC on just one cell in a hierarchy:This is a
good option if you expect there to be errors within a cell.
a. In Calibre Interactive - nmDRC, display the Inputs pane.
b. Change the Top Cell to a1720.
c. Run DRC.
Q. What are your results?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Can you highlight these errors in context?
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nmDRC Job CustomizationAdvanced Hierarchy in DRC
Calibre Fundamentals: Performing DRC/LVS 93
6. Try forcing Calibre to maintain hierarchy:
This option allows you to run DRC on the entire layout, but
forces Calibre to maintain hierarchy on defined cells. (Note that
there will be an associated trade-off in processing speed.)a. In
Calibre Interactive - nmDRC, display the Inputs pane.
b. Change the Top Cell back to lab3.
c. Display the lab3_rules file in a text editor.
It should still be open from previous exercises.
d. Add the line:HCELL a1720 a1720
NoteThe HCELL statement will be covered in detail in the next
module. For now assume that this statement forces Calibre to
recognize this cell and maintain the hierarchy during
processing.
e. Save the lab3_rules file.
f. Specify file lab3_rules in the Include tab of the DRC Options
pane.
g. Verify that DRC Options > Output> Output cell errors in
cell space is still selected.
h. Run DRC.
Q. What are your results?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Can you highlight these errors in context?
________________________________________________________________________________________
If you cannot highlight in context, check in RVE that Menu:
Highlight > Highlight in Context is selected.
You have now completed this lab. Close all Calibre and layout
application windows. Do not go on to the next lab until instructed
to do so.
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Calibre F