CALABARZON Regional Development Plan 2011-2016

CALABARZONREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

2011-2016

Calamba CityMarch 2011

Republic of the Philippines REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

4/F 2560 Marcelita Building, National Highway Brgy. Real, Calamba City 4027

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RDC RESOLUTION NO. IV-A-07-2011

RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE CALABARZON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2011-2016

WHEREAS, the Regional Development Plan shall serve as a guide in the development

direction of the Calabarzon Region in the next six years as well as operationalize President Benigno C. Aquino III’ Social Contract with the Filipino people,

WHEREAS, the Plan was formulated through a consultation process with development

partners from the regional and local levels and private sector making it a living document of the vision and aspirations of the region’s stakeholders,

WHEREAS, the Calabarzon RDP boasts of an approach that strongly promoted partnership

with the private sector in the formulation of the Plan, incorporating new dimensions in planning philosophies, inclusion of graphic perspectives and cognizant of balance between human activities and consideration for the environment,

WHEREAS, the strategic framework of the plan highlights the concerns on economic

development, environmental protection, health, education, agriculture, poverty, transport, trade, tourism, among others towards strengthening the region’s status as a global business hub,

NOW THEREFORE, on motion duly seconded, BE IT RESOLVED AS IT IS HEREBY

RESOLVED, to adopt the Calabarzon Regional Development plan 2011-2016 as the framework for regional development,

APPROVED this 30th day of March at Calamba City, Laguna. Certified Correct: LIBERTY A. ABELLON Secretary Approved: SEVERINO C. SANTOS Vice Chairman and Presiding Officer

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Acknowledgment The Calabarzon Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2011-2016 is a document born out of a broad-based consultative process and intellectual exchange with our development partners from various groups from the national, regional and local levels. More specifically, we acknowledge the contributions of the local government units in Calabarzon for their substantial inputs in the assessment of the previous plan; the regional line agencies, for data collection and validation and additional inputs during consultations; and the Private Sector Representatives of the Regional Development Council for sharing their perspective to make the plan more responsive to the needs of the region’s stakeholders and take advantage of the opportunities at hand. In visioning our development path for Calabarzon, we salute Architect Felino A. Palafox, Jr. and his Associates for opening the door of collaboration with NEDA IV-A. Mr. Palafox has been generous in sharing his ideas, complemented by his staffs (namely Karima, Felicisimo and Eli Paolo) effective translation and enhancement of these thoughts that eventually became integrated into the various sections of the RDP. As a result, the RDP is able to provide a clear albeit conceptual picture of the spatial development strategy for the region as espoused in the vision. There are also various practical guidelines for development of urban, coastal and mountain settlements that naturally is expected to happen as we promote different types of development forms throughout the region. These concepts and guidelines have been made more relevant with the pictures and images courtesy of Palafox and Associates. As we were going through the RDP formulation process, we made good use of the emerging Philippine Development Plan as guide. We also appreciate the strategic operational guidelines issued by the NEDA Regional Development Coordination Staff, which gave us much leeway to introduce the creativity in the planning process and in the plan content itself. RDCS also gave their thoughts, comments and suggestions about further enhancing the RDP draft. An experienced hand in regional and environmental planning, Dr. Nicasio Angelo J. Agustin helped in the technical editing work. Lastly, we are in gratitude to all the men and women of NRO IV-A for their hard work and commitment in the preparation of the RDP which can be aptly described as a trail blazing initiative for integrating economic and spatial development concerns in regional planning and development in Calabarzon. Thank you everyone!

R E G I O N I V ‐ A : C A L A B A R Z O N G L O B A L B U S I N E S S H U B

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Table of Contents Regional Development Council Resolution No. IV-A-07-2011 iii The President’s Message v Message from the Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning vii Foreword ix Acknowledgement xi List of Maps xvi List of Figures xvi List of Tables xvii List of Annex Figures xviii List of Annex Tables xix List of Acronyms

xx

Chapter 1. Introduction

1

I. Calabarzon’s RDP and President Aquino III’s Social Contract

1

II. The Regional Development Plan In Perspective

2

III. The RDP 2011-2016 Planning Process 2 Chapter 2. A Brief Historical Review of Calabarzon

5

I. Calabarzon and Metro Manila – from Past to Present

5

II. Evolution of Calabarzon as Administrative Region

6

III. Calabarzon: Past Development Performance 7

A. Population, Urbanization, Transportation and Settlements 7 B. Economy 9 C. Natural Resources and Environment 10 D. Planning and Governance 12

Chapter 3.

Assessment of Calabarzon 2004- 2010: Socio-Economic and Sectoral Performance

13

I. Overall Socio-Economic Performance 13

A. Gross Regional Development Product 13 B. Unemployment 14 C. Poverty

14

II. Sectoral Performance 15

A. Millennium Development Goals and Human Development 17 B. Settlements 18 C. Transportation 18 D. Environment and Disaster Risk Management 19 E. Governance 21


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Chapter 4. Key Development Opportunities and Challenges to Regional Growth and Development

23

I. Opportunities 23

A. Tourism and Infrastructure 23 B. Agribusiness, Manufacturing and Logistics 24 C. Information Technology, Business Process Outsourcing and Creative

Industries

24

II. Challenges 25

A. Inadequate Transport Infrastructure 25 B. Imbalanced Distribution and Disintegrated Settlements 26 C. Vulnerability of the Economy to Adverse External Factors 27 D. Limits to the Use of Land and Other Natural Resources 28 E. Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Concerns 29 F. Inadequate Public Service 29

Chapter 5. Regional Development Framework

31

I. Vision for Calabarzon

31

II. Medium-Term Goals and Development Outcomes

31

III. Spatial Development Strategy

33

A. Strengthening East-West Connections 37 B. Manila Bay – Pacific Coast Corridor 38 C. Promotion of Mixed-Use and Multi-Use Communities 39 D. Appropriate Land Use Management 40 E. Adoption and Implementation of Good Urban Design Principles 41 F. Laguna De Bay as Manila’s Water Gateway to Calabarzon 41 G. Ten Principles for Livable Town and Cities 43 H. Design Guidelines for Physical Development 45

Urban Design Guidelines Riverfront and Coastline Development Guidelines Guidelines for Mountain Communities

Chapter 6. Overall Development Strategy

57

I. Principles and Assumptions 57

A. Triple E Bottomline 57 B. Triple Ps 58 C. 8 Gs of Development

58

II. Specific Strategies and Approaches 59

A. Harmonization of Regional Development Objectives and Environmental Protection

59

B. Enhancing Calabarzon’s Competitiveness as a Global Business Hub 61


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C. Adoption of Knowledge-Based Industries and Information Exchange 63 D. Reduction of Socio-Economic Disparity 64 E. Tying up Human Resource Development, Industry, Research and

Development Priorities and Concerns 65

F. Sustaining Capacities in Local Governance 65 Chapter 7. Implementation Mechanism

67

I. Key Action Steps 67

A. Achievement of a Broad Consensus 67 B. Enhanced Inter-Regional Cooperation 67 C. Prioritization of Programs and Projects

68

II. Institutional Arrangements for Implementation 68 End Notes

70

Annexes Annex A. President Aquino III’s Social Contract with the Filipino People 75 Annex B. Highlights of Previous Regional Development Plans 76 Annex C. Historical Population and Growth Rate of Calabarzon (1948-2007) 77 Annex D. Calabarzon Population Density Maps 78 Annex E. Calabarzon Urban-Rural Population Distribution, 1970-2000 79 Annex F. Philippine Urbanization Levels by Region (2000) 79 Annex G. Significant Improvements to the Calabarzon Road Network 80 Annex H. Technical Notes on Calabarzon Agriculture 80 Annex I. The Contribution of EcoZones to the Calabarzon Economy 85 Annex J. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Defined 86 Annex K. Technical Notes on Land Use Conversions and Tenurial Instruments 87 Annex L. Milestones in Calabarzon Planning and Governance 88 Annex M. Technical Notes on Calabarzon Employment and Unemployment Rates 92 Annex N. Technical Notes on Poverty in Calabarzon 93 Annex O. Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Industry Sector 95 Annex P. Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Services Sector 96 Annex Q. Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Agriculture Sector 102 Annex R. Calabarzon MDG Score Card 104 Annex S. Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Human Development Index 111 Annex T. Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Selected Areas in

Calabarzon 112


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List of Maps Map 1 Calabarzon Land Classification 10 Map 2 Poverty Incidence (2003) 15

Map 3 Road Network 25

Map 4 Built up Areas of Calabarzon 27

List of Figures Figure 1 Plan Preparation Process 3 Figure 2 Spanish Religious Estates in Central and South Luzon 5 Figure 3 Water Resource Assessment in Critical Areas 12 Figure 4 Share of Regions to Total Gross Regional Domestic Product 2009 13 Figure 5 Calabarzon Quadrant and Cluster Framework Concept 34 Figure 6 Urban and Urbanized Areas in Calabarzon 36

Figure 7 Proposed Calabarzon East-West Connections 37 Figure 8 Rendering of the Principle of Mixed and Multi-Use Communities

40

Figure 9 Perspective of the Proposed Multi-Use Ecolopolis in Cavinti, Laguna 40 Figure 10 RDP Implementation 69


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List of Tables

Table 1 Calabarzon Politico-Administrative Subdivision, 2010 6 Table 2 Calabarzon Forestland and Forest Cover, per Province, 1995

and 2003 11

Table 3 Calabarzon Gross Regional Domestic Product: Plan Targets,

Actual Growth Rates and Points Deviation, 2004-2009

14

Table 4 Calabarzon Employment and Unemployment Rate: Plan Targets, Actual Rates and Points Deviation, 2003-2010

14

Table 5 Calabarzon Gross Regional Domestic Product Contribution by Sector, 2003-2009 (at 1985 Constant Prices)

16

Table 6 Calabarzon Gross Regional Domestic Product per Sector: Plan Targets, Actual Growth Rates and Points Deviation, 2004-2009

16

Table 7 Human Development Index Levels and Rank Calabarzon

Provinces, 2000-2006 18

Table 8 Calabarzon Calamities, 2009 19 Table 9 Environment-Related Objectives vs. Actual Accomplishment 20 Table 10 Calabarzon MDG-RDP Targets, per indicator 32 Table 11 Targets for the National Greening Program (NGP) 2011-2016 32 Table 12 Calabarzon Centers, Corridors and Wedges, per Province

33


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List of Annex Figures Annex Figure 1 Calabarzon Population Density Maps, 1990, 2000, 2007 78 Annex Figure 2 Philippine Urbanization Level by Region, 2000 79 Annex Figure 3 Shares of Major Coconut Exports to Total Coconut, Exports,

Philippines, 1969 to 1981 81

Annex Figure 4 Calabarzon Fisheries Production, by Sector, 1998 to 2009

84

Annex Figure 5 Percent Share of Employment in the Agriculture Sector

to Total Employment, Calabarzon, 1970-2008 85

Annex Figure 6 Distribution of Approved EcoZones in the Philippines, 2006 95 Annex Figure 7 Distribution of Approved EcoZones in Calabarzon, 2006 95 Annex Figure 8 Global Offshore Service Market Size in the Philippines, 2006-2010 97

Annex Figure 9 IT-BPO Revenues in the Philippines, 2004-2009 98 Annex Figure 10 IT-BPO Employment in the Philippines, 2004-2009 98 Annex Figure 11 Domestic and Foreign Tourist Arrivals, 2009 101 Annex Figure 12 Distribution of Fishery Production, 2009 103 Annex Figure 13 Fishery Production by Source, 2009 103 Annex Figure 14 Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Cavite City 112 Annex Figure 15 Simulation for Laguna Lake 113 Annex Figure 16 Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Batangas City 114 Annex Figure 17 Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Nasugbu 115 Annex Figure 18 Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Lucena City 116 Annex Figure 19 Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Polillo Island 117


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List of Annex Tables

Annex Table 1 Population, by Province, 1948-2007 77 Annex Table 2 Population Growth Rate, by Province, 1948-2007 77 Annex Table 3 Urban-Rural Population Distribution, by Province 79 Annex Table 4 Classification of MSMEs in the Philippines 86 Annex Table 5 Regional Distribution of MSMEs by Sector, 2008 86

Annex Table 6 Top Regional Microfinance Accomplishments 87 Annex Table 7 Land Use Conversions in the Philippines, 1988-1997 87 Annex Table 8 Status of Land Conversion in Calabarzon, 1984-1999 87 Annex Table 9 Summary of Tenurial Instruments Issued in Calabarzon, 2003 88 Annex Table 10 Annual Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, 2003, 2006 and 2009 93 Annex Table 11 Poverty Incidence Among Families and Population: 2003, 2006 and

2009 93

Annex Table 12 Subsistence Incidence Among Families and Population,

by Region and Province: 2003, 2006 and 2009 94

Annex Table 13 Share to Total Poor Families and Population,

by Selected Regions and Province: 2003, 2006 and 2009 94

Annex Table 14 PEZA Registered Economic Zones in Calabarzon, 2005 96 Annex Table 15 IT-BPO Employment by Region, 2010 99 Annex Table 16 IT-BPO Employment 99 Annex Table 17 Number of OFWs Deployed from Calabarzon, 2008 100 Annex Table 18 Calabarzon Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

Plan Targets, Actual Growth Rates and Points, 2004-2009 102

Annex Table 19 Agrarian Land Acquisition and Distribution, 2005-2010 104 Annex Table 20 Human Development Index: Calabarzon Life Expectancy at Birth,

2000-2006 111

Annex Table 21 Human Development Index: Calabarzon Education Index, 2000-2006 111 Annex Table 22 Human Development Index: Calabarzon Income Index, 2000-2006 111


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List of Acronyms

4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program A&D Alienable and disposable AEC ASEAN Economic Community ACTEX Alabang-Calamba-Santo Tomas Expressway AFMA Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BDRRMCs Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils BIMP-EAGA Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines – East ASEAN Growth Area BOD Biochemical oxygen demand BOT Build-operate-transfer BPAP Business Processing Association of the Philippines BPO Business Process Outsourcing CADPI Central Azucarera Don Pedro, Inc. CALA Cavite-Laguna CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program CBMS Community-Based Monitoring System CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCW Center/Cluster-Corridor-Wedge CEPZ Cavite Export Processing Zone CI Creative Industries CICT Commission on Information and Communications Technology CIDSS Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services CLUDP Comprehensive Land Use and Development Plan CSO Civil Society Organizations CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DBM Department of Budget and Management DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DEPED Department of Education DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government DOF Department of Finance DOH Department of Health DOST Department of Science and Technology DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development DTI Department of Trade and Industry ECC Environmental Compliance Certificates EcoZones Economic Zones EO Executive Order FDI Foreign Direct Investments FLW Fuel, light, water FMR Farm-to-market roads GAD Gender and Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GRDP Gross Regional Development Product


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GNP Gross national product GVA Gross value added HDI Human Development Index HH Households ICT Information and Communications Technology IE Industrial Estates IEC Information, education and communication IMR infant mortality rate IPG Indigenous People Groups IRA Internal Revenue Allotment IT Information Technology IT-BPO Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing JMC Joint Memorandum Circular KALAHI Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan LGC Local Government Code LGPMS Local Governance Performance Management System LGU Local Government Unit LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDG Millennium Development Goals MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise MSR Manila South Road MIMAROPA Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan NAIA Ninoy Aquino International Airport NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority NCO National Economic and Development Authority Central Office NCR National Capital Region NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NERBAC National Economic Research and Business Action Center NFA National Food Authority NGA National Government Agency NGO Non-Government Organizations NGP National Greening Program NLEX North Luzon Expressway NLSP Northrail-Southrail Linkage Projects NNC National Nutrition Council NRO NEDA Regional Office NSCB National Statistical Coordination Board NSO National Statistics Office NWRB National Water Resources Board ODRE Ownership of dwellings and real estate OFW Overseas Filipino Workers OTOP One-Town, One Product PASTORA Planning Assistance to Rural Areas PDP Philippine Development Plan PDPFP Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan PEZA Philippine Economic Zone Authority PIR Program Implementation Review PITC Philippine International Trade Center PLPEM Provincial Local Planning and Expenditure Management PNR Philippine National Railways


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PNVSCA Philippine National Volunteers Service Coordinating Agency PPA Programs, Projects and Activities PPP Public-Private Partnership PWDs Persons with disabilities R&D Research and Development RBADCs Resource-Based Area Development Clusters RDA Regional Development Agenda RDC Regional Development Council RDC-ExCom RDC-Executive Committee RDF Regional Development Framework RDIP Regional Development Investment Plan RDP Regional Development Plan REINA Real, Infanta and General Nakar REMM Results Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix RKCG Regional KALAHI Convergence Group RLA Regional Line Agency RORO Roll On-Roll Off RPFP Regional Physical Framework Plan RPMES Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System RSC Rural Service Centers RSGCA Resource Sub-region Growth Corridor for Agro-Modernization S&T Science and Technology SBPPBS Synchronized Planning, Programming and Budgeting System SEA-K Self-Employment Assistance Kaunlaran SETUP Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading SHOPC Socialized Housing One-Stop Processing Center SLEX South Luzon Expressway SMDP Statistical Manpower Development Program STAR Southern Tagalog Arterial Road STP Sewerage treatment plant STR Southern Tagalog Region TOD Transit Oriented Developments UDHA Urban Development and Housing Act UGC Urban Growth Clusters UGCD Urban Growth Corridor Development UNSIAP United Nations-Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific WIFI Wireless infinity


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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

The Calabarzon Regional Development Plan (RDP), 2011-2016 is a blueprint that presents the development priorities of the region for the next six years. This plan is intended to be used by stakeholders and partners as a tool to build on the promise of the region to become a global business hub. The formulation of this RDP takes off from the review of the region's economic growth drivers, followed by the identification of Calabarzon’s opportunities and challenges in the pursuit of its own intended track of growth and development. The Regional Development Framework (RDF) is also detailed in this RDP and presented as Calabarzon’s Vision, Goals and Development Outcomes and Spatial Development Strategy, with a special section devoted to proposed Guidelines for the Development of Urban Areas in the region.

On the other hand, the presentation of the Overall Development Strategy for the region begins with the Principles and Assumptions considered in its formulation. Specific Strategies and Approaches are enumerated in terms of concrete immediate, short, medium and long-term actions. Lastly, the Implementation Mechanism of the RDP is described in terms of three (3) key action steps and concluded by a description of the institutional arrangements necessary for effecting the actions, strategies and approaches that would lead to the successful attainment of the vision of Calabarzon.

I. Calabarzon's RDP and President Aquino III’s Social Contract For the region, the RDP is an instrument for implementing the Social Contract of President Benigno Simeon Aquino III (P-Noy) with the Filipino People. This Social Contract (Annex A) is a platform of government that commits to transformational change for the entire spectrum of national life, encompassing leadership, government service, economy, the environment and the improvement of the quality of life of Filipinos. The Calabarzon RDP was carefully crafted to reflect the aspirations embodied in the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) for 2011-2016. Identified priority interventions focus on the reduction of poverty and meeting the targets under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).i Under the administration of President Aquino III, the RDP is also intended to serve as the region's action agenda to lead the country’s integration towards a unified ASEAN economy by 2015. With the


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regional economy being highly connected externally via multinational companies and foreign direct investments and exports, Calabarzon is a model for the country’s business competitiveness. With global concerns uniting nations to make corrective measures, numerous discussions have been held to improve human life and promote environmental sustainability parallel to the pursuit of progress and development. The Calabarzon Regional Development Council (RDC) through its participatory processes including stakeholders in the region, with the coordinative role of National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) of the Calabarzon Region and Palafox Associates recognize these constructs and have incorporated them in this RDP.

II. The Regional Development Planning in Perspective Regional development planning began 35 years ago with Presidential Decree No. 1 which sought to institutionalize efforts for regional development through an Integrated Reorganization Plan. Since then, the development of the nation's regions were pursued through the simultaneous preparation of regional plans based on the national development agenda. Regional plans were not formulated in isolation from each other, but conformed to guidelines set by the President, employing bottom-up, broad-based and participatory development planning approaches. These approaches were intended to balance the existence of a hierarchy of goals emanating from national government which were then translated into a set of regional socio-economic goals and objectives. The National Economic and Development Authority Central Office (NCO) acted as the technical secretariat for this purpose, and sent corresponding directives to the NEDA Regional Offices (NROs) in the preparation of their respective plans and programs. The analysis of performance indicators and the conduct of consultations and dialogues formed the basis for formulating regional development goals and objectives. Initial regional development plans (Annex B) attempted to be comprehensive by covering the concerns of all sectors of the socio-economy. In later years, these plans shifted emphasis to spatial development strategies in order to more coherently address the priority concerns of the region. While most RDPs aim to improve the quality of life of people, the priorities identified and strategies employed towards the attainment of this universal goal varies greatly from region to region.

III. The RDP 2011-2016 Planning Process The formulation the Calabarzon 2011-2016 RDP is defined by a three-fold process that utilizes top-down, bottom-up and horizontal perspectives. The top-down perspective in RDP formulation was provided by the PDP, Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) and the Regional Development Agenda (RDA). The bottom-up perspective, on the other hand, was culled from the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFP) of the Calabarzon Provinces.


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 3

The horizontal perspective was provided by an assessment of the socio-economic performance of the region using historical review, trend and shift-share analysis and the use of planning standards, validated and refined through continuous document review and stakeholder consultations. The published RDA 2010–2020 underscored the region's priorities based on inter-sectoral and inter-area analysis of the regional situation and the Calabarzon’s desired development scenario. The RDA also took into consideration existing planning documents such as the National Framework for Regional Development, National Framework for Physical Planning, and the Regional Physical Framework Plan.

The Calabarzon RDA adopted the HEARTS strategy (detailed in Chapter VI) which highlights the interrelated concerns of Economic Development and Environment, Health and Education, Agriculture and Poverty, Transport, Trade, Tourism, Research and Development (R&D), Science and Technology (S&T), and local governance. Following the preparation of the RDA, the RDC-Executive Committee (RDC-ExCom) and RDC Committees were convened for a strategic planning workshop to finalize the regional framework for development. Inputs from private sector members of the RDC provided new perspectives which led to the refinement of the framework, which is presented in more detail in Chapter IV of this RDP.

Figure 1: Plan Preparation Process


4 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

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6 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

road networks not only within Manila but with a lateral expansion component as well. This improvement to the road transport system further expanded built-up development to outlying towns and provinces. The pace of urbanization of Manila necessitated the expansion of settlements in the direction of its surrounding provinces, where land supply was adequate and reasonably priced. Moreover, old industries which had become inefficient in the metropolitan location found it advantageous to relocate nearby rather than be dispersed in other locations in the archipelago. This movement of industries was reinforced by a 1970 National Policy that sought to decongest the capital by banning industrial establishments from locating within a 50-kilometer radius of Manila. Thus, industries and households began to move away from Manila to Calabarzon. The introduction of a modern transport system, including the six-lane South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), and the advent of modern manufacturing gave rise to the growth and development of Calabarzon as an industrial center.

II. Evolution of Calabarzon as Administrative Region Calabarzon was created by virtue of Executive Order 103 dated May 17, 2002 which divided Region IV (Southern Tagalog) into Regions IV-A (Calabarzon) and IV-B (MIMAROPA - Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan). The EO was promulgated to enable the focused implementation of social and economic interventions in mainland (i.e. Calabarzon) and island (i.e. MIMAROPA) provinces of the former Southern Tagalog Region (STR). The division of Region IV was also based on the definition of an efficient and viable grouping of provinces from a development planning and economic management standpoint. When the government implemented its Regionalization Policy in 1973 as part of the Integrated Reorganization Plan of then President Ferdinand Marcos, Southern Tagalog encompassed many of the National Capital Region’s (NCR’s) cities (Quezon City, Navotas and Malabon) as well as all of NCR’s lakeshore towns (Marikina, Pasig, Pateros, Taguig, Parañaque and Muntinlupa) which used to be part of Rizal Province. Moreover and until its transfer to Antipolo City in 2009, the Provincial Capital of Rizal used to be located in Pasig City, a testament to the economic strength, broad geographic coverage and perhaps political influence enjoyed by this province in the past. At present, the region is composed of five (5) provinces, 23 congressional districts, 14 cities, 128 municipalities and 4,011 barangays. The politico-administrative subdivision of Calabarzon per province is presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Calabarzon Politico-Administrative Subdivision, 2010 Province Congressional

Districts Cities Municipalities Barangays

Batangas 4 3 31 1,078 Cavite 7 4 19 829 Laguna 4 4 26 674 Quezon 4 2 39 1,242 Rizal 4 1 13 188 Total 23 14 128 4,011 Source: Department of the Interior and Local Government IV-A, September 2010


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 7

III. Calabarzon: Past Development Performance The past performance of Calabarzon in terms of key development indicators are presented in this section. Among the parameters examined are: Population, Urbanization, Transportation, Settlements, Economy, Natural Resources and Environment, and Planning and Governance.

A. Population, Urbanization, Transportation and Settlements Population In 2007, Calabarzon surpassed NCR as the most populous region. Considering that the birth rate in Calabarzon is slightly below the national average, the population growth indicates that the region is an in-migration area. Since 1948, the population of Calabarzon has increased more than seven times with an annual average growth rate of 3.25 percent (2000-2007) compared to the national benchmark of 2.04 percent (Annex C). Given these, the population of Calabarzon is expected to double within the next two decades, a rate that is much faster than that of the Philippines and NCR. This also means that before 2030, Calabarzon’s population will reach 20 million. The direction of rapid population movement was most evident towards the highly urbanizing and industrializing areas of the region in close proximity to NCR - particularly Cavite, Laguna and Rizal (Annex D). Calabarzon was one of the regions that benefitted from the growth of NCR, serving as a catch basin for population and even industry spillover from Manila. Urbanization Until the 1970s, Calabarzon remained predominantly rural. It was in the 1980s when increasing levels of urbanization became noted in the region, a trend that continued for well over a decade (Annex E). Urbanization in Calabarzon became more evident with improvements in its infrastructure (roads, transportation and telecommunication facilities), resulting to the declaration of the region as the industrialization showcase of the Philippines by then President Fidel Ramos. As a result, industrial and technoparks, commercial complexes and residential developments began to emerge with increased intensity in Calabarzon. To date, the Provinces of Rizal, Cavite and Laguna are more than 80 percent urban. However, the population density of the region- at 478 persons per square kilometer as of 1995- remains significantly lower than that of Metro Manila (Annex F). Thus, Calabarzon remains to be attractive for development projects such as residential subdivisions, sports and leisure centers and industrial complexes. Transportation and Settlements

The growth and distribution of settlements in Calabarzon was influenced primarily by the evolution of the region's transportation system.


8 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

During the Spanish Era, the major mode of travel was through water transport- in vehicles such as steamships, bancas and “cascos”. As a result, villages proliferated along Manila Bay, Laguna Lake and its tributaries, including the Pasig River. Morong, Pasig, Kawit and even Manila developed early as settlement areas because they were accessible by boat. For inland travel, carabaos and “calessas” remained the preferred mode of transportation. During the American era, the railroad system was improved and extended from Northern (San Fernando, La Union) to Southern (Legaspi, Albay) Luzon. It was also during this time when Filipinos began to use automobiles in lieu of horse-drawn carriages, although the use of these vehicles was limited within urban limits where paved roads were present. During the heyday of the railway system in the early 1940s, it was defined by an elaborate network of trains running a total track length of 1,140 kilometers. The railways made long distance travel and the transport of goods to and from Manila convenient and helped develop new growth centers such as Calamba and San Pablo in Laguna, Lucena in Quezon and Daet, Naga and Legaspi in the Bicol Region. Due to this train system, a new kind of prosperity was felt in industries related to sugar, coconut, abaca, livestock, dried fish and high value crops. It also became the preferred mode of transport for Laguna and Quezon-based commuters employed in Manila. After the Second World War, the effective route of the railway system was reduced to a mere 452 kilometers, particularly the Bicol line. The quality of railway service began to decline and eventually became unreliable. The system was also severely damaged by floods and typhoons, resulting to closures and the halting of train operations on several main line sections. The operation of the railway system was also severely affected by the invasion of informal settlers within the system's right-of-way. Efforts to rehabilitate the Main South Line in 1990 and the Commuter Line to Carmona in 1995 were undermined by typhoon Rosing and super typhoons Milenyo and Reming. With the decline of the railway system, came the primacy of and preference for road-based transport within and outside Calabarzon.

With the establishment of settlements in inland areas came a parallel development in the inland road system (Annex G). In the 1970s, municipalities such as Taytay, Cainta and Antipolo in Rizal, San Pedro, Biñan and Sta Rosa in Laguna and Bacoor and Imus in Cavite became the catchment areas of Manila sprawl. “Bedroom communities” or residential subdivisions in these towns began to sprout in response to the needs of the Manila working population. In the same period, resettlement areas for informal settlers were established in the Cavite towns of Dasmariñas, General Mariano Alvares and Carmona. The emergence of these new communities heralded a demand for road-based, instead of rail-based, transport such as buses and cars. In the late 1980s, utility vehicles known as Fiera (regardless of manufacturer) received widespread popularity as a transportation mode between Metro Manila and Rizal, Cavite and Laguna. Jeepneys also became popular for inter- and intra-regional travel, offering a more affordable option to commuters.

In the 1990s, the establishment of numerous industrial estates and residential housing projects catering to the needs of Calabarzon and Manila workers triggered the surging growth in the Cavite-Laguna (CALA) metropolitan area. The parallel increase in the presence of convergence services


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 9

such as schools, commercial centers, hospitals and recreational facilities furthered the spread of settlements in the region.

B. Economy Agriculture The agriculture sector propelled the early economic activities of the region (Annex H). Sugarcane, timber and coconut were major export products, cultivated in most of the provinces and exported outside the regionii. Rice, white corn, cassava, potato and banana (saba variety) were also significant crops, being the staple food of the Tagalogs. In the 1970s, non-traditional agricultural products such as coffee, mango, pineapple and bananas gained some prominence in the region following the decline in production of traditional agricultural exports. Areas planted to these crops, however, became vulnerable to conversion from agricultural to agri-industrial and other uses as brought about by demands from the industrialization of the region. It is the Livestock and Poultry and Fisheries sub-sectors that remain to be the most significant contributors to the agricultural economy of Calabarzon. The region is known for its cattle, hog, chicken and egg production, and have a nationwide market for their products. The region is also included as among the top five producers of fish, an indicator of prodigious capitalization on its coastline and freshwater features. Nevertheless, employment in the agriculture has been steadily decreasing since its peak of 50 percent in the 1970s. The latest figures peg agriculture-related employment to less than 20 percent of the total labor force, and is attributed to the shift in the nature of the regional economy from agricultural to industrial. Industries The initial process for industrialization in the region initially took off from the processing of coconut and sugarcane products. For instance, in 1927, raw sugar from sugarcane plantations were processed by milling facilities located in Canlubang, Laguna and Nasugbu, Batangas that were operated by a few family-owned corporations. On the other hand, foreign and locally-operated coconut oil processing industries made a strong presence in Quezon until the mid-1960s. When non-traditional and non-agriculture based exports rose to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, the manufacturing industry began to diversify and invest in other facilities, including capital intensive petroleum refineries in Batangas, labor-intensive industries such as textiles/garments and cement in Rizal, food and beverage manufacturing and footwear industries in Laguna, electronic parts and components in Cavite and wood products in Quezon. This growth of manufacturing industries was largely attributed to improved infrastructure facilities and access to major market outlets in Metro Manila. The opening of the six-lane SLEX in 1978 is also considered as a significant driver for the growth of regional industries during this period. By the mid-1980s, the provinces of Laguna, Cavite, Batangas and Rizal became the major industrial destinations south of Metro Manila, and investments were funneled to industries involving textiles,

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10 | R D P

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R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 11

Until the 1980s, the Calabarzon landscape remained largely agricultural. However, as pressure was exerted on agricultural land for conversion to residential, commercial and industrial use, similar constraints were also being exerted on forestlands that became increasingly used for agricultural practices (Annex K). Calabarzon has used its land variedly throughout its provinces. Agriculture remains predominant in Quezon and Batangas while built-up areas dominate the Cavite, Laguna and Rizal landscapes. The built-up areas in Cavite, Laguna and Rizal comprise more than 50 percent of their total A&D land, with Rizal registering 76 percent. Moreover, industrial use as evidenced by the presence of EcoZones is concentrated on these same provinces, which are also those that are nearest to the NCR. On the other hand, the region has a total forestland area of 574,320 hectares in 2003. Of these, however, less than 40 percent have actual forest cover. This is interpreted to indicate the conversion of forestland for other uses, particularly agriculture.

Table 2: Calabarzon Forestland and Forest Cover, per Province, 1995 and 2003 (in hectares) Provinces Total Land

Area Forestland Forest Cover

1995 2003 2003 Batangas 316,581 51,162 48,821 2,362 Cavite 128,755 28,205 21,022 4,103 Laguna 175,973 41,253 41,253 8,141 Quezon 870,660 398,299 396,221 188,997 Rizal 130,892 67,003 67,003 21,024 Calabarzon 1,622,861 585,922 574,320 224,627

Source: Philippine Forestry Statistics

Utilization of Water Resources Calabarzon has three (3) major water basins: Laguna Lake, Taal Lake and the Quezon basin. Manila Bay, on the other hand, falls within the joint jurisdiction of the region, NCR and Region III. These resources are being used to supply water for domestic and industrial use, irrigation and electricity. Potable water is sourced from springs, shallow tube and deep wells by private households and residential subdivision and water supply providers such as water districts, Manila Waters and Maynilad. The average demand for potable water is 124 cubic meters per person per year based on National Water Resources Board (NWRB) estimates. An assessment of the region's water resources indicates that over-extraction of groundwater in a few highly urbanized areas has resulted to the formation of cones of depression that could eventually lead to ground subsidence if mitigating measures are not implemented. Moreover, saltwater intrusion was also noted in some coastal areas. Nevertheless, the major water basins of the region serve as natural recharge areas. Thus, a source shift, from groundwater to surface water, may be considered for the rational use of Calabarzon's resources and may also help mitigate emerging concerns of subsidence, saltwater intrusion and pollution that come with industrialization and development.


12 | R D P

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14 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Sources: 1/ Calabarzon DP, 2004-2010; 2/ NSCB; 3/ Computed as Actual – Plan Targets

B. Unemployment The target employment rates for 2003-2010 were met annually, although these averaged only one percentage point above 2008-2010 targets. On the other hand, the lowest unemployment rate for 2003-2010 was 10 percent. Given the rate of attainment of employment and unemployment targets, there is little indication that a single digit unemployment rate will be attained in the near future (Annex M).

Table 4: Calabarzon Employment and Unemployment Rate: Plan Targets, Actual Rates and Points Deviation (in percent), 2003-2010

Sources: 1/ Calabarzon DP, 2004-2010; 2/ NSO-LFS; 3/ Computed as Plan targets - Actual

C. Poverty The results of poverty estimatesiv indicate that Calabarzon poverty incidence, or the proportion of families living below the poverty threshold, slightly increased during the plan period under review. More specifically, poverty incidence increased by 0.9 percent from 2006 to 2009, compared to the 0.2 percent increase between 2003 and 2006. The poverty incidence of the region is relatively lower compared to the national average. However, unlike the national picture, the region recorded an additional 2 per 1,000 families that were categorized as poor during the period. The poverty incidence in Calabarzon also followed an increasing trend, as indicated by 0.2 percentage points in 2006 compared to 1.6 percentage points in 2009. Across all indicators, Quezon is the poorest province in Calabarzon, followed by Batangas while Cavite, Rizal and Laguna have the least problem on poverty (Annex N).

Table 3: Calabarzon Gross Regional Domestic Product: Plan Targets, Actual Growth Rates and Points Deviation (in percent), 2004-2009

Baseline (2002-2003)

2003-2004

2004-2005

2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

2008-2009

GRDP Plan Targets1/ 4.3 4.7 5.2 4.6 5.5 5.7 Actual2/ 3.8 4.0 2.6 4.6 4.9 1.9 -1.6 Points

Deviation3/ -0.3 -2.1 -0.6 0.3 -3.8 -7.3

Baseline (2003) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Employment rate Plan Targets1/ 87 88 89 88 89 90 89 Actual2/ 87 86 90 90 91 90 90 90 Points Deviation3/ -1 2 1 3 1 0 1

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16 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Table 5: Calabarzon Gross Regional Domestic Product Contribution by Sector, 2003-2009 (at 1985 Constant Prices)

Year Industry Service Agriculture, Fishery,

Forestry GRDP

In Php'000,000 % In Php'000,000 % In Php'000,000 % In Php'000,000 %

2002 57,032.00 42 50,511 37 27,593 20 135,136 100

2003 59,357.00 42 52,981 38 28,406 20 140,744 100

2004 61,451.00 42 56,291 38 29,018 20 146,760 100

2005 62,847.00 42 59,348 39 28,278 19 150,473 100

2006 65,156.00 41 63,078 40 29,173 19 157,407 100

2007 66,939.08 41 67,862 41 30,255 18 165,057 100

2008 66,811.96 40 69,852 42 31,533 19 168,197 100

2009 63,394.98 38 71,029 43 31,148 19 165,572 100 Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

Table 6: Calabarzon Gross Regional Domestic Product per Sector: Plan Targets, Actual Growth Rates and Points Deviation (in Percent), 2004-2009

Throughout the years, the regional economy has continuously transformed, first from being agricultural to industry-based (Annex O) and recently, to being services-based (Annex P). This is manifested in the increasing percentage share of services (from 38 percent in 2003 to 43 percent in 2009) in contrast to the decreasing percentage share of industry (from 42 percent in 2003 to 38 percent in 2009). In contrast, figures for agriculture (Annex Q) have remained fairly constant for the same time period.

Baseline (2002-2003)

2003-2004

2004-2005

2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

2008-2009

Industry Plan Targets1/ 4.8 5.6 6.4 3.8 4.9 5.0 Actual2/ 4.3 3.5 2.3 3.6 2.7 -2.0 -5.1 Points

Deviation3/ -1.3 -3.3 -2.8 -1.1 -6.9 -10.1

Services Plan Targets1/ 5.1 5.2 5.6 6.5 7.8 8.0 Actual2/ 4.5 6.2 5.4 6.3 7.6 2.9 1.7 Points

Deviation3/ 1.1 0.2 0.7 -1.1 -4.9 -6.3

AFF Plan Targets1/ 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.8 3.0 Actual2/ 1.4 2.2 -2.5 3.2 3.7 4.2 -1.2 Points

Deviation3/ 0.7 -4.0 1.4 1.7 1.4 -4.2

Sources: 1/ Calabarzon DP, 2004-2010; 2/ NSCB; 3/ Computed as Actual – Plan Targets


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 17

A. Millennium Development Goals and Human Development Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Using the United Nations-Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific (UNSIAP) Methodology in computing the probability of achieving MDG targets, the Calabarzon MDG Score Card (Annex R) indicates:

a) high probability of achieving targets on: o safe drinking sources o sanitary toilet facilities o infant mortality rate (IMR) o gender parity in tertiary enrolment

b) moderate probability of achieving targets on: o housing o subsistence incidence

c) low probability of achieving targets on: o education o health o gender parity in basic education

The breakdown of regional scores per province indicate that Rizal is the best performing province in terms of achieving MDGs, with a 10-2-6 target count for high-moderate-low probability of achievement. In contrast, the provinces of Batangas and Laguna had the most number of targets (11) with low probability of achievement. Using the new official poverty estimation methodology, the region also has a high chance of attaining its target of halving the proportion of people living in extreme poverty by 2015. This is based on the 2009 indicator on the proportion of the population living below subsistence or food thresholds. Cavite, for instance, has already exceeded its provincial target by more than 0.2 percentage points. Human Development Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of any progress of change in human development. It is measured by taking the average of (1) life expectancy; (2) weighted average of functional literacy and combined elementary and secondary net enrolment rate; and (3) real per capita income (Annex S). The HDI was advocated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 1990 to determine growth and development over time. Three out of the five Calabarzon provinces are included in the top five provinces in terms of the Human Development Index: Rizal (ranked 2nd out of 77 provinces included in the assessment), Cavite (ranked 3rd) and Laguna (ranked 5th). Batangas garnered an overall HDI ranking of 15, while Quezon fared the worst with a ranking of 58. Based on these results, the human development efforts may be focused on Quezon and also Batangas, in order to raise the overall HDI rank of Calabarzon.


18 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Table 7: Human Development Index Levels and Rank Calabarzon Provinces, 2000-2006

Area 2000 2003 2006

Rank Level Rank Level Rank Level

Rizal 1 0.756 3 0.710 2 0.725

Cavite 6 0.700 4 0.705 3 0.718 Laguna 5 0.702 2 0.724 5 0.708 Batangas 17 0.631 15 0.624 15 0.641 Quezon 28 0.599 47 0.539 58 0.524 Source: 2009 Philippine Human Development Report, 2009

B. Settlements As a result of the continued and robust growth of the housing and real estate sector in the region, new settlements such as subdivisions and master planned communities continue to emerge not only in Rizal, Laguna and Cavite but also in Batangas and Quezon. The private sector continues to take a dominant role in defining housing and real estate in Calabarzon, catering not only to middle and high-income homeowners but providing low-cost and socialized projects as well. The more affordable housing options are typically located in suburban areas while master planned communities tend to locate along major road networks. Moreover, the latter provide amenities that integrate residential, business, institutions, ecology and recreation in one setting. Calabarzon has also played host to resettlement communities, such as those provided to the affected settlers displaced from the Philippine National Railway (PNR) Right-of-Way Northrail-Southrail Linkage Projects (NLSP). The relocation for NSLP Phase I (Tutuban-Alabang) is 100 percent complete while relocation is still ongoing for Phase 2 (Alabang-Calamba). Other relocation sites are located in San Pedro, Biñan, Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao and Calamba in Laguna and some parts of Rizal.

C. Transportation For the planning period in review, several major transportation projects were implemented in Calabarzon, some through public-private partnerships defined by joint ventures or a build-operate-transfer (BOT) scheme. Among the most notable accomplishments for transportation are:

• completed linkage between SLEX and the STAR tollway, although one side of the four-lane toll road connecting Lipa City to Batangas City is yet to be completed

• completion of the Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway R-1 Extension (Segment 4) to Kawit, Cavite • completion of the 11.28 kilometer “missing link” of the Marikina-Infanta Road after 20 years

of staggered implementation, making the 106-kilometer stretch passable from end to end from Junction Sumulong Highway, Antipolo City to Infanta, Quezon

• construction of new routes such as the Quezon Eco-Tourism Coastal Road, Candelaria Bypass Road and Ternate-Nasugbu Road

• completion of the Tiaong Bypass Road in Quezon • completion of the Daang Hari Road in Cavite • modernization of the Batangas Port Passenger Terminal • started rehabilitation of commuter rail services that will eventually connect Manila to Naga,

Bicol


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 19

D. Environment and Disaster Risk Management The Philippines is considered to be among the most disaster-prone countries in the world, and Calabarzon had its fair share of calamities in 2009 alone. Landslides and twin Typhoons Ondoy and Santi cost the region over three billion pesos in damages and hundreds dead, injured or missing.

Table 8: Calabarzon Calamities, 2009 Province Type of

Disaster Casualties Affected

Population / Area

Estimated Cost of

Damage

Affected Homes Totally

Destroyed Partially

Destroyed Quezon, Batangas, Cavite

Typhoon ‘Feria’ June 23 to 25, 2009 Brought storm surge Hail storm and tornado

4 dead 3 injured 2 missing

17 municipalities 78 barangays 3,383 families 15,824 persons

PhP 23.0 million

317 891

Cavite Rizal

Tropical Storm ‘Isang’ July 14-18, 2009

2 dead 1 injured


PhP 3.8 million 5 3

Rizal Tropical Depression ‘Jolina’ July 30, 2009

2 dead 2 municipalities 8 barangays 18 families 120 persons

PhP 0.38 million

2 7

Laguna Tropical Depression ‘Maring’ July 30, 2009 Landslide in Calamba City

2 dead 2 municipalities 2 barangays 2 families 83 persons

1

Cavite Laguna

Tropical Depression ‘Nando’ September 12-13, 2009 Landslide and flooding

2 dead 3 injured


1

Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal

Typhoon Ondoy September 26, 2009


83 municipalities 1,045 barangays 586,555 families 2.94 million persons

Php 2.1 billion 7,308 68,489


20 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Province Type of Disaster

Casualties Affected Population /

Area

Estimated Cost of

Damage

Affected Homes Totally

Destroyed Partially

Destroyed Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal

Typhoon ‘Santi’ October 30, 2009


883 barangays 96,541 families 470,370 persons

Php 272.9 million

4,371 30,981

Source: Office of the Civil Defense

For the previous planning period, calamities were interpreted as being caused by anthropogenic damage to the environment. Thus, the interventions identified to manage the risk of disasters basically focused on reforestation, strengthened policies for environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, increased awareness on natural hazards and the greening of urban areas. While most targets in this regard were attained, they did little to prevent damage to property and infrastructure and the loss of lives in Calabarzon. The enactment of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act 2010 (Republic Act 10121) is providing a new approach to disaster risk management by putting LGUs at the forefront in the implementation of necessary actions before, during and after a calamitous event. The DRRM Law also propagates the fact that natural hazards are not always triggered by anthropogenic activities but are inherent events which should be properly understood and actually may be planned for. Thus, a simulation of sea level rise and flooding and its consequent effects to the region was included in this RDP (Annex T).

Table 9: Environment-Related Objectives vs. Actual Accomplishment Objectives/ Targets

2004-2010 Actual Accomplishment/

Success Indicator Reforestation for the following: a) Timber Production- 1,390.33 hectares b) Watershed Restoration- 3,835 hectares c) Patent Issuance- 10,206 hectares 85 percent of households (HHs) properly disposing their garbage All LGUs have environment codes Enhance biodiversity conservation efforts Promote awareness on the importance of natural resources conservation and management as well as mitigation of natural hazards Protect people from environmental hazards Reforestation of border areas between municipalities and provinces Establish mini-forests in city centers

3,049 hectares plantation established 4,734 hectares watershed restored 0 hectares reported DRR and CCA was well promoted to the provinces through workshops conducted by NEDA and other institutions 99.92 hectares roadside planted

Source: Calabarzon 2004-2010 RDP

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R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 23

CHAPTER 4 KEY DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TO REGIONAL GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT

I. Opportunities Calabarzon has vast opportunities for growth if it capitalizes on its potentials. Its natural features and current tourism-related facilities indicate opportunities to concretely package Calabarzon as a world-class destination. This thrust may also be supported by the strong presence of arts and crafts trades, buttressed by educational institutions and organizations which support indigenous industries. Its proximity to Metro Manila and abundance of agricultural produce and raw materials make the region a good alternative for investors, including multi-national companies, who would like to locate outside but near the NCR. Currently, the prioritization of national road projects within the region, the rehabilitation of PNR and the development of ports in Batangas and the development of the Eastern Pacific Seaboard with Mauban, Quezon as the center, seek to reinforce the rate of economic growth in Calabarzon. The expansion of residential and commercial hubs in the region, coupled with deliberate efforts to increase the quality of livability of its cities and towns, point to the recognition of Calabarzon as an alternative residential and commercial district offering a better quality of life than Metropolitan Manila. Livability, in turn, attracts a highly literate population. Given these, the region's opportunities for development may be described as falling under three (3) major categories: (1) Tourism and Infrastructure, (2) Agribusiness, Manufacturing and Logistics, and (3) Information Technology (IT), Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Creative Industries (CI)v.

A. Tourism and Infrastructure Each of Calabarzon's five provinces has its own distinct tourist offerings. Cavite is home to famous heritage sites while the landscapes and seascapes of Laguna, Quezon, Batangas, and Rizal make them natural sites for eco-tourism. Recently, Balesin Island in Polillo, Quezon has been converted into an economic tourism zone, which is expected to contribute to the tourism economy of the province. Aside from better and wider roads, the availability of airports and seaports can encourage more tourist arrivals. The ongoing rehabilitation of the PNR is expected to help ease problems related to land transportation going to and within the region. Infrastructure development should also be complemented by tourism-related auxiliary facilities such as accommodations, tourist police and information centers and better banking services.


24 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

The national government's One Town One Product (OTOP) approach to promoting indigenous products is also an approach to increasing tourism-related development in Calabarzon. Under the OTOP, the region's popular food and culinary specialtiesvi and local art and productsvii may be marketed more aggressively and effectively.

B. Agribusiness, Manufacturing and Logistics The majority of economic activities in Calabarzon remain largely agricultural in nature despite the growth of various other industries in the region. Given this, particular attention must be given to efforts for the continued growth of the agri-business sector. Interventions towards the growth of the sector may be classified into three (3) components: production, manufacturing and logistics. Interventions related to production may include the support provided to local farmers. These producers may be encouraged to pool their resources and establish cooperatives to improve access to effective farming technologies and economies of scale. Given the resource constraints of LGUs, enhanced public-private partnerships (PPP) for major agricultural infrastructure (e.g. through a build-operate-transfer scheme) may also be pursued. Interventions related to manufacturing should focus on value-adding to available products and materials. Encouraging a region-wide presence of industrial parks, such as those found in Laguna, is one means to scale up value-adding through manufacturing. Interventions related to logistics may initially focus on preparing and improving the requisite infrastructure for the transport of goods. Traversing Calabarzon is the SLEX, considered to be the longest expressway in the country and currently undergoing improvements. The railway system is also undergoing massive rehabilitation and will supplement the provision of land-based transport when it becomes fully operational. The Batangas Port currently serves as an alternative to the Manila Port as a transit point for passengers- its potentials as a transshipment port for international cargo is worth exploring. Developing the port in the Mauban, Quezon may also supplement the cargo load of the Batangas Port. Together, the ports in Quezon and Batangas can serve as crucial areas for water-based transport of products and goods into and out of Calabarzon. The presence of an airport in the region is also expected to expand available logistics options in the region.

C. Information Technology, Business Process Outsourcing and Creative Industries Information Technology (IT), Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Creative Industries (CI) are three (3) inter-related fields that have significantly contributed to the growth of the Philippine economy in recent years. While the presence of IT-BPO-CI service providers was initially felt only in Metro Manila, investors in these companies have, of late, begun locating in alternative areas such as Baguio, Cebu and Davao. The proximity of Calabarzon to Metro Manila and the presence of a highly literate population point to opportunities for the region to take its share in the BPO industry, not only in terms of investments but also in terms of employment opportunities.

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26 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Transport infrastructure is defined as being of three (3) major modes:

• land-based • water-based • air-based

An examination of the existing road network map in Calabarzon reveals that there is a lack of land-based transportation infrastructure in the eastern section of the region. Moreover, most of the roads are oriented north-south, reinforcing the need to develop east-west connections not only to ease traffic congestion in certain areas but also to boost the economic potentials of the remaining parts of Calabarzon. Farm-to-Market Roads (FMRs) play a critical role in the overall economic development of the region. However, an assessment of Calabarzon FMRs reveals them to be inadequate in terms of quantity and quality, contributing to the non-realization of the region's potentials for rural-based production and ecotourism. Facilities related to water and sea-based modes of transportation within Calabarzon are observed to be poorly developed and in dire need of upgrading. While the region is proximate to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), the largest in the Philippines, time-cost accessibility (as opposed to physical distance) remains a significant determinant in using air travel as a means of accessing the region. There is a need to reduce travel time from the NAIA to Calabarzon's major economic zones and recreational areas, not only for the indirect benefits of maximizing air travel but for the direct benefit of attracting aviation-oriented investments to the region. In order to maximize past, present and future investments in infrastructure in the region, inter-linkages between the different modes of transport in Calabarzon needs to be improved. Among the actions leading to effective inter-linkages are:

• upgrading of the railway system and Roll On-Roll Off (RoRo) ports and interconnecting these to the NAIA

• developing the Fernando (Lipa City) and Sangley Point (Cavite City) Air Bases and using them for interregional transport through “air taxis”

• establishing the Laguna Lake Ferry System • completing the C6 road • extending the SLEX to Pagbilao, Quezon and eventually Legaspi, Albay • establishing the Pacific alternative route connecting Marikina via Marikina-Infanta-Mauban-

Atimonan Road

B. Imbalanced Distribution and Disintegrated Settlements

Calabarzon continues to attract migrants from Metro Manila and other regions primarily due to the availability of employment and livelihood opportunities and the quality of social services provision found in the region.

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28 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Vulnerabilities and Challenges of the Industry Sector: • unstable growth brought about by weak value-adding technology and diversification and

anemic development of market niches, particularly for manufacturing in the automotive, electronics and semiconductors

• low rate of utilization of foreign-trade agreements brought about the low capability of local producers and suppliers for positioning in the global value chain

• decreasing competitiveness brought about by the rising cost of doing business exacerbated by the unstable supply of electricityx and limited transport mobility

• limited responsiveness and relevance of current education curricula to labor market demands and industry requirements (job-skills mismatch)

• lack of scaling-up on the gains made in the implementation of the OTOP approach • deficiency in the maintenance of industrial labor relations and compliance with labor

standards Vulnerabilities and Challenges of the Services Sector:

• dependence of the IT-BPO industry to the performance of foreign markets and its susceptibility to market shocks and uncertainties

• disjointed capacities of LGUs, investors, stakeholders and institutions in keeping pace with the growing IT-BPO industry

• absence of a global promotional strategy for Philippine services, specifically for Calabarzon tourism

• difficulty in accessing financing opportunities for micro and small enterprises

Vulnerabilities and Challenges of the Agriculture Sector: • massive conversion and reclassification of agricultural land for non-agricultural uses • low productivity and profitability of crop and livestock farming brought about by unstable

market prices and limited supply of inputsxi • uncompetitive agri-based products brought about by weak agri-industry linkages and lack of

value-adding • decreasing food securityxii • inadequate farm infrastructure and other support facilities • depletion of fishing grounds due to illegal fishing, inland water degradation, unregulated

aquaculture activities, pollution, introduction of non-indigenous, invasive species and mangrove deforestation

• climate changexiii

D. Limits to the Use of Land and Other Natural Resources Land and natural resources are finite. In Calabarzon, the consequences of their limited nature are evident as the competition between different, diverse and often conflicting uses. For instance, due to the migration influx to the region, significant pressure has been exerted on agricultural lands by the demand for residential and industrial use.xiv Conversion of agricultural lands also had a parallel impact to the region's forestland: the continued shrinking of primary and secondary forests have been attributed in no small part to the conversion of forestlandxv to A&D. The detrimental effects of such conversions have been exacerbated by the prevalence of illegal loggingxvi and kainginxvii as a practice for upland farming.


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 29

Another challenge faced in the course of the development of Calabarzon is the strain being placed on its water resources. Excessive groundwater abstraction has been noted in Dasmariñas City, Bacoor, Kawit and Noveleta in Cavite. Over-extraction of groundwater along some coastal areas in the region have resulted to saltwater intrusion and compromised the quality of potable water available to the population in these areas. Pollution from domestic and industrial sources has also lowered water quality in some parts of Calabarzon.

E. Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Concerns As settlements and built-up types of land use continue to expand due to the demands of urbanization and an increasing population, the areas where people converge to live and make a living become progressively susceptible to the effects of natural and man-made hazards. While proper land use and development planning may be able to address the detrimental consequences of hazards, the challenge is the seamless assimilation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) principles in planning at all levels. Crucial to the effective implementation of DRR and CCA principles is building the capacities of Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (BDRRMCs) to appropriately respond to pre-, during and post-disaster events, and the involvement of communities in disaster management efforts. The passage of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act 2010 (Republic Act 10121) and the Climate Change Act of 2009 (Republic Act 9729) may also prove helpful for local governments to craft legislation on environmental protection and adapting to hazards. It may also be advantageous to update the basic education curriculum to include lessons on the importance of DRR and CCA. Lastly and in order to provide holistic and effective responses to DRR and CCA concerns, strengthened private sector and donor organization involvement, not only in disaster rescue and relief but more importantly, in mitigation and education efforts may also have to be explored.

F. Inadequate Public Service As with the rest of the nation, public service in Calabarzon may still be improved. The inadequacy of the services provided by government stems from the fact that while public funds are limited, most LGUs are still mainly Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) dependent. There is a lack of true fiscal reform, particularly on revenue generation and administration and expenditure management. This would have enabled LGUs to generate own-source revenues and use fiscal transfers only as a way to augment local fund sources. Seamless coordination between and among LGUs and national government agencies (NGAs) is also wanting attention. The partnership between local and national public offices would allow for more efficient delivery of services and preclude the duplication of efforts, a fact that is critical in light of limited public resources. Lastly, public service is not exclusively a public domain. Innovative ways of using public-private partnerships should be explored, piloted, replicated and maximized in order to attain the ultimate objective of improving the quantity and quality of public service, not only in Calabarzon but also in the entire context of Philippine governance. These are the opportunities and challenges of the region in its definition and pursuit of development.


30 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 31

CHAPTER 5 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The Calabarzon Development Framework is defined by the Vision and Medium-Term Goals and Development Outcomes for the Region. The vision and goals are to be achieved through the implementation of the Calabarzon Spatial Development Strategy, and supplemented by distinct Sectoral Approaches that will be applied in the Region for the 2011-2016 planning period.

I. Vision for Calabarzon The development of Calabarzon will be anchored on the long-term vision that by the first quarter of the new millennium, the region would:

• Be the leading global economic hub of the country • Be a model, livable industrial region, highly urbanized with well-planned own clusters

ideal for sustainable living • Have a vibrant countryside offering an excellent alternative place to live, work, and

seek recreation • Have a modern intermodal transportation system and digital infrastructure integrating

the region within, to the country, and to the global community • Be complemented by high quality social service amenities accessible region-wide • Have a citizenry whose high creativity and competitive spirit, genuine concern for the

environment and fellowmen, and love of country is inspired by their affinity to the region’s heroes and unwavering faith in God

II. Medium-Term Goals and Development Outcomes For the plan period, the RDP shall work for the realization of the administration’s social contract with the Filipino People in which the overarching goal is to alleviate poverty. Toward this end, the plan envisions the attainment of the following outcomes within the plan period:

1. High and sustained economic growth 2. Equal access to development opportunities 3. Effective social safety nets

Specifically, the success of the plan shall be assessed based on the following targets:

• Sustainable economic growth of 5 to 8 percent annually within the plan period which shall enable the economy to generate employment

• Maintain a single digit unemployment level throughout the plan period • Achieve the MDG targets by 2015, with special focus on the targets with low probability of

achievement, as follows:


32 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

Table 10: Calabarzon MDG-RDP Targets, per indicator

Indicators Current/

Baseline Data (2009)

MDG Target (2015)

Target by end of Plan Period

(2016)

1. Subsistence incidence 3.7 3.3 2.6

2. Poverty incidence 13.9 12.4 10.5 3. Proportion of HH with per capita intake below the

100 percent* 60.8 33.9 33.2

4. Proportion of underweight children under 5 years old 8.15 5.14 3.19

5. Net enrolment or participation rate in elementary education* 71.7 100 100

6. Elementary cohort survival rate* 68.2 84.7 86.7

7. Elementary completion rate* 67.5 81 82

8. Gender parity in elementary net enrollment rate* 1.01 1 1

9. Gender parity in secondary net enrollment rate* 1.13 1 1

10. Gender parity in tertiary enrollment 1.25 1 1

11. Gender parity in tertiary graduates 1.46 1 1

12. Under-five mortality rate* 8.9 1.3 1.2

13. Infant mortality rate 7.5 3.1 3

14. Percentage fully immunized children* 80.9 100 100

15. Maternal mortality rate* 33.6 9.7 9

16. Contraceptive prevalence rate* 23.22 80 81

17. Tuberculosis case detection rate* 55 0 0

18. Percentage of HH with safe drinking sources 92.5 86.5 88.5

19. Percentage of HH with sanitary toilet facilities 88.5 83.8 85.8

20. Proportion of HHs with secured housing units 66.8 80 82 21. Percentage forest cover* (targets specified under

the National Greening Program) 35.2 (2005) 50 52

* with low probability of achieving target

Table 11: Targets for the National Greening Program (NGP) 2011-2016, in sq. km. Province Protected Area CBFM Area Urban Watershed Total

Batangas 410 60 1,000 1,470 Cavite 40 20 250 310 Laguna 100 120 200 420 Quezon 535 1,100 235 1,870 Rizal 575 40 50 665 Total 1,660 1,340 1,735 4,735

Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources IV-A


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 33

III. Spatial Development Strategy One of the critical means by which the Region's vision, goals and development outcomes could be achieved is the implementation of the Calabarzon spatial development strategy. The overall Spatial Development Strategy employs the Center/Cluster-Corridor-Wedge (CCW)xviii planning approach, which seeks to direct and stimulate development and growth from west to east, as well as to strengthen north-south development and access corridors. Centers are defined as focal points of economic activities and typically have the highest population densities, where built infrastructure are congregated and support multimodal transport. Centers are usually urban centers commonly located at the intersection of highways and have mixed land use development (i.e. commercial, retail, office and light industrial). Corridors, on the other hand, generally follow transportation arterials (e.g. highways) that emanate from the centers and are characterized by diversity, accessibility and connectivity. There are four (4) types of sub-areas within growth corridors: transit station areas, interchange areas, established neighborhood areas and general corridor areas. Of these, transit station areas are appropriate locations for significant new growth. Wedges refer to the expanses of land between corridors, where population densities decrease as a function of distance from the center. Wedges will consist mainly of low density housing, as well as a limited amount of moderate and high density housing and supporting facilities and services. The wedgesxix include the green corridor areas, protection and production areas. Table 12 presents the centers, corridors and wedges in the region, per province.

Table 12: Calabarzon Centers, Corridors and Wedges, per Province

Province Centers Corridors Wedges Rizal Antipolo City Rodriguez, San Mateo, Cainta, Taytay, Angono, Other

Municipalities Laguna Calamba City San Pedro, Binan, Sta. Rosa City, Cabuyao, Los Banos,

Bay, Sta. Cruz, San Pablo Other Municipalities

Cavite Dasmarinas City

Bacoor, Imus, Kawit, GMA, Carmona, Noveleta, Cavite City, Tagaytay, Silang, Rosario, Gen. Trias, Tanza, Trece Martirez City

Other Municipalities

Batangas Batangas City San Jose, Bauan, Lipa City, Sto. Tomas, Malvar, Tanauan City - Quezon Lucena City Tiaong, Candelaria, Sariaya, Tayabas, Pagbilao Other

Municipalities The CCW approach was identified in this RDP to:

• reflect the polycentric urban character of Calabarzon • increase the interaction between urban and rural areasxx • provide opportunities to facilitate development in the different areas of the region • improve on the previous RDP approach which focused on the dichotomy between Urban

Growth Clusters (UGCs) and Resource-Based Area Development Clusters (RBADCs)xxi Through the CCW approach:

• centers or clusters which are presently heavily populated shall be further developed to enhance their roles as administrative centers and hubs of economic activities for industries, commerce, finance and services


34 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

• corridor areasxxii shall be developed along the existing major transport routes in the Region • wedges shall be grouped to form smaller, functional clusters to facilitate planning and

implementation of programs and projects, with a focus on agri-modernization and settlements developmentxxiii

Figure 5 illustrates the centers/clusters, corridors and wedges in Calabarzon through the Quadrant and Cluster Framework Concept (Courtesy of Palafox Associates ).

Figure 5: Calabarzon Quadrant and Cluster Framework Concept Existing urban growth centers such as Batangas City, Tagaytay City, Cavite City, and Lucena City will be reinforced. Lucena City plays a crucial part since it is the only LGU in the Calabarzon Region that has all transport modes and facilities available (i.e. seaport, feeder airport, rail, and major roads). It will stimulate the creation of various processing industries and act as an economic powerhouse of


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 35

the region. Its impact on the economy will also catalyze the influx of urban development from west to east and balance the location of urbanized areas of the region. The Infanta-Mauban-Famy Growth Triangle and the Mauban-Lucena Growth Corridor are also emerging growth centers that present viable opportunities for economic development in the eastern Pacific portion of the Calabarzon. Covering the shortest land distance from east to west is the Mauban-Lucena Growth Corridor. Green wedgesxxiv of agri-tourism, agriculture, forests and leisure areas have been identified in the central and western portion of the region, which will act as ecological transition areas and boundaries for various development corridors. Alongside such direction of development, the coastal areas of Laguna Lake, Taal Lake, and the east coast will be strengthened and their potentials for waterfront urban development, tourism, and transport maximized. Proposed land uses, urban developments will be grouped in clusters, each borne from the predominant conditions, existing strengths, and potential opportunities of each area. Examples of proposed land uses in the west include beach and mountain tourism, waterfront mixed-uses, agropolis or highly specialized agri- and urban development in Batangas, agro-industrial uses, and metropolitan and commercial urban development in Batangas City. To add to the waterfront development, mixed-use commercial and production areas, and industrial land uses in the east, other uses such as forest protection zones are highlighted. Such land uses will ensure forest areas are protected and preserved. The tourism and mariculture industries will be the predominant land uses proposed in the Polillo Island group cluster in the east. Currently, Laguna Lake divides 66 Local Government Units, grouped into five provinces, 49 municipalities, and 12 cities with an estimated population of six (6) million. Water uses are also highlighted in the Framework Strategy geared towards connecting Calabarzon with Metro Manila. The Laguna Lake is proposed to become a water transport corridor to link the west to the east, and the north to the south. To add to the proposed water transport prerogatives, the Laguna Lake can also serve as a hydro-technology production zone where certain areas will be reserved for innovative lake water treatment that will produce potable water to surrounding LGUs. The areas surrounding the Laguna Lake can become master-planned waterfront urban developments to include housing, commerce, trade, tourism, and other urban land uses. Taal Lake, on the other hand, can serve as an ecotourism and leisure zone to maximize its tourism potentials and stimulate the development of new scenic lakeside communities. The Verde Island Passage in Batangas is also proposed as a strict protection zone that should be used for ecotourism only. Almost all urban areas in both the west and east should go for more compact urban development rather than outwardly and inefficient sprawling urban growths. Compact development limit urban sprawl and does not eat up agricultural and forest lands. Development control is also necessary through the strict implementation of policies geared towards preventing sprawl and proliferation of informal settlements.


36 | R D P

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38 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

The completion of the Markina-Infanta Road as well as the construction of more east-west lateral roads shall contribute in accelerating development in the eastern part o f the region. Long-term programs for implementation in the Eastern Pacific periphery are in the area of ship building, coastal marine development, among others. Aside from the east-west connection, the north-south Manila-Batangas Economic and Industrial Corridor will be strengthened. The SLEX is recommended to be linked uninterruptedly to the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), to bolster access and the flow of goods and services from the Northern and Central Philippines to the Calabarzon Region.

B. Manila Bay-Pacific Coast Corridor Growth centers and potential corridors are identified not just as “counter magnets” to congested Metro Manila but also as a way of addressing the impacts of unavoidable urban expansion. This is also an excellent strategy to help achieve efficient forms of peripheral growth. The plan for the Manila Bay-Pacific Coast Metropolitan Region aims to appropriately apply the best practices in urban planning, real estate development, and urban governance elsewhere in the world. The provision for growth centers and corridors are envisioned to enhance livability and global competitiveness which addresses the “push and pull” factors and in-migration to Metro Manila and Calabarzon. Some strategies include:

• Creating urban development corridors for urban development and green wedges, or areas between these corridors that are dedicated for agriculture, forests and ecotourism

• Linking roadways, ports and airports to improve regional, international, and global competitiveness

• Clustering cities/growth centers linked by development corridors for increased competitiveness

• Information and Communications Technology enabled development in growth centers • Poverty alleviation through the provision of jobs • Enhancing urban governance with the support and participation of the heads of Calabarzon

LGUs • Improving metropolitan/regional cooperation between and among barangays, towns, cities,

provinces, and regions • Providing infrastructure to connect cities and growth centers • Reforming obsolete planning and development practices, zoning, and deed restrictions • Innovating the educational system through the modernization of taxable world-class

university belts in growth centers, with athletic fields and research laboratories, which can spillover into business parks

• Improving mobility and access • Environmental protection • Urban renewal and redevelopment of areas that have significant potential for development • Cultural development which will showcase the rich traditions of the country and Filipino

products • Encouraging cooperation among the government, the business sector and civil society • Promoting volunteerism in all areas of the development planning process • Social development


R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6 | 39

• Redeveloping and remediating brown fields, or formerly abandoned or underused lands, such as former military bases and industrial areas

• Developing leisure entertainment areas, higher density residential, commercial, and retail development, more open spaces and portside developments

• Wider citizen participation • Making the waterfront as front-door of development, not “back of the house” • Strengthening agricultural and food production capacities and the empowerment of

agricultural workers Ports and their surrounding areas are havens for business ventures, manufacturing, storage and processing. With ports along the Pacific, trade to and from the Philippines will be more accessible to the Americas compared to Manila, Singapore and Hong Kong. In addition, it will be more cost-efficient for sea cargo vessels and ocean freight liners to dock on the east coast than to travel around to the west coast as its port of call. Mauban and Infanta are recommended to be developed as port areas in the eastern part of the region. The development of these ports shall comprise the major interventions for the eastern seaboard.

The preceding discussion presents the overall or regional spatial development strategy for Calabarzon. However, there are crucial principles that should govern the implementation of this strategy - especially in urban areas. In order to ensure the realization of the vision of the region, the following principles and strategiesxxvi must be adhered to:

• promotion of mixed-use and multi-use communities • appropriate land use management • adoption and implementation of good urban design principles • development of Laguna de Bay as Metropolitan Manila’s Water Gateway to Calabarzon • ten principles for livable towns and cities

C. Promotion of Mixed-Use and Multi-Use Communities Mixed-use developments are buildings and establishments that combine at least three significant revenue-producing uses that are physically and functionally-integrated and developed in conformance with a coherent plan. Business, leisure, institutional and residential uses often comes together in one establishment. Multi-use communities, on the other hand, consist of large areas planned comprehensively in which more than one land use is found. A variety of complementary land uses are located within close proximity to each other. Multi-use communities have numerous advantages such as the promotion of pedestrianization in busy urban areas, the zoning of land uses that reduces traffic congestion as well as lessening the air pollution, and the minimization of urban development sprawling into areas that can otherwise be used for agriculture and forests. For the provinces of Calabarzon, development is compatible with the Palafox Associates’ advocacy to encourage mixing complementary uses and activities in all developments. Moreover, single uses are discouraged to prevent car-oriented cities and provinces and promote walkability.


40 | R D P

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42 | R D P

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ment is needes and cities, ddevelopment

Cou


R D P 2 0 1

munities depe

ain essentialgencies and v, the businesLaguna Lake

ed for the readeveloped by of Calabarzo

urtesy of

Z O N U B

1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

endent on th

l goals includvarious sectoss sector, ande.

alization of thy Palafox on's urban ar

f PALAFOX

| 43

e

ding ors. d

he

reas.


44 | R D P

5. Vary Trin additioactivity. 6. Build Vface-to-fapublic art

7. Createcommunicommuni

8. Protectdesigned preservesfrom contprotects p 9. Conserwildlife harecreation 10. Desigfoundatiocommunialso defin


P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2

ransportationon to driving,

Vibrant Publicace interactiot, and gather

a Neighborhities a uniqueity.

t Environmen balance of ns ecological stamination, rproperty valu

rve Landscapabitat are essnal, and cultu

gn Matters – on of attractivities. The urbne what com


2 0 1 6

n Options – greduces traff

c Spaces – con, collectivel for public ev

hood Identitye character, e

ntal Resourcnature and desystems, protreduces air pues.

pes – open ssential for enural reasons

design excelve, successfu

ban and landsmunities valu

O N

giving peoplefic congestio

itizens need ly celebrate avents.

y – a “sense oenhances the

es – a well-evelopment tects waterwollution, and

space, farms,nvironmental.

llence is the ul, and healthscape designue.

e the option oon, protects th

welcoming, wand mourn, e

of place” givee walking en

ways

, and l,

hy n will

Th

of walking, bihe environme

well-defined encourage civ

es neighborhvironment, a

he Leisure Farm,(Courtesy of P

king, and usient and enco

public placesvic participat

hoods, barangand creates p

, Lemery, BatanPalafox Associa

ing public traourages phys

s to stimulatetion, admire

gays, and pride within th

ngas tes)

ansit, sical

e

he

H. Des The purpobe integradevelopmdevelopmplanning applicabl

1. Urban D The genehistory, cplace”. a. Buildin

• N

ahsen

• Ain

ign Guidel

ose of this seated in the p

ment guidelinment of the id

themes for te in Calabarz

Design Guide

ral objective ulture and ch

ng Design Crit

ew buildingspproach to distorical apprensitive to thatural conditdjacent build

n scale, heigh

lines for P

ection is to dehysical devees are comp

dentified priohe physical dzon.

elines

is to provideharacter, and

teria

s should strivesign, not neroach, but by

he surroundintions. dings should ht, and config

Physical De

etail specificlopment of Clementary anrity areas. Th

design of the

e buildings wid building pra

ve for a conteecessarily in y means thatng urban, bui

relate in simguration.

R E G I O G L O

evelopmen

guidelines oCalabarzon hond recommenhe guidelines urban lands

ith architectuactice providi

extual a

t are ilt and

milarity


nt

on the appropolisticallyxxx. Mnded to be in

s entail specifscape as well

ure, landscaping a sense o


R D P 2 0 1

priate designMore specificncorporated ific architectul as in waterf

pe designs reof location or

Z O N U B

1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

n and approacally, these in the ural and masfront location

eflecting locar "a sense of

| 45

ch to

ster ns

l


46 | R D P

• Laba

• Dre

b. Buildin

• Thlivb

• Bhaa

• Bpefebebpin

• Pcith

• Aadn

c. Buildin

• Stth

• Stsio

• BaTepokeviin

• Gpere


P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2

arger buildinroken down nd related to

Drive-through ear property

ng Spatial Arr

he general oveliness of siuilding frontsuildings placave doors annd should incrchitectural fuildings shouedestrian street of the curehind and/ouilding is loclaced at the

ntersection. edestrian cirirculation canhan along or rrange buildidjacent to thearby public

g Orientation

tructures andhe activity of tructures shoide of properpen spaces, uildings and nd designed echniques suorches, and weeping “eyesisibility of punteraction anGround floor u

edestrians. estaurants, a


2 0 1 6

gs (those witin scale throu

o create a sat windows andline away fro

rangement

bjective is toidewalks ands. ced along sidnd windows fcorporate othfeatures. uld be locatereet (within 7rb), with off-sr beside buildated at a strecorner. Parki

rculation shon be reinforcacross parkings to createe site includ amenities in

n

d landscapin public spaceould be locatrty lines, adja and plazas. public space to maximizeuch as the uswindows faci

s on the streeblic areas, end heightens

uses should dExamples are

and informati

O N

th facades grugh separatitisfactory comd services shm the pedes

ensure the d continuity o

ewalks shouacing the strher

ed close to th7 meters or 2street parkingdings. If the eet intersecting, loading,

uld be an inted by providing lots, alleye viewing coring building e

ncluding park

ng should be es such as plted along theacent to sidew es should be

e views betwese of balconieing public areet”, enhancesncourages co a sense of sedirectly catere banks, shoon centers.

reater than 2on into volummposition. hould be accestrian street.

of

ld eet

e 25 g

ion, the main or service ba

tegral part of ing spacious

ys, and drivewrridors betweentrances, tr

ks and greenw

oriented to pazas and pas

e front and walks,

oriented een uses. es, eas aid in s the ommunity ecurity. r to ops,

20 meters or mes. These s

essed at the

n building or ay should not

the initial sit sidewalks frways. een pedestriaransit stops, ways.

preserve signseos.

64 feet in wihould be we

building faca

part of the bt be located a

te layout. Pedronting buildi

an destinatiourban open s

nificant views

idth) should ll proportione

ade facing th

uilding shoualong an

destrian ng facades r

ns within andspace, and

s and stimula

be ed

he

ld be

rather

d

ate

d. Treatm The genepublic op e. Promin The genefrom streactivity on f. Streets Sidewalks

• Sideentsideroa

• Thesurfbuilthathe

• Sideof n

• All abloc

• Arcacleabe l

• Comthaport

Genera • Te

fom

• Thsu

• Rfr

• Oast

• It mb

ment of Blank

ral intent is ten spaces.

nent Entrance

ral objectivesets and sidewn the streets

capes

s and Arcade

ewalks shouire length of ewalk shouldd right of way

e sidewalk paface and sholding line town one in fifty curb. ewalks of two

not less than arcades shouck or from onades should arance betweless than 50mbined openn 800 millimtion of the si

al Provisions

emporary sidoldable board

meters wide the ground flouch as retail etail activitie

rom sidewalkOpen-air pede

nd more invittore entries, is best to ta

merchandise uilding by op

k Walls

to ensure tha

es

s are to ensuwalks and to.

es

ld be uniformthe street. Th

d not be less y.

avement shouould slope dowards the cur (1/50) and s

o (2) meters 0.9 meters iuld be of unifne street corn be cantileveeen the curb 0 millimeters and arcaded

meters in widtdewalk.

dewalk encrod signs whichhat is free ofoors of buildi or entertainmes within builks through stoestrian passating than intewindow dispke the "indoodisplays) ont

pening interio

at buildings d

ure that buildo ensure that

m throughouthe width of t than 1/6 of t

uld have a noown from the rb line at not should level

or more in win width, sepform width aner to anothered from the line and the s. d sidewalks sth as a separ

oachments arh are locatedf obstructionsngs should bment uses wdings shouldorefront entr

ageways (witherior hallwayslays, and/or ors" outdoorsto walkways aor spaces (e.g

R E G I O G L O

do not display

ding entrance building ent

t the he the

on-slip more off with

width should iarating the cll throughouter.

e building line outermost fa

should be prorating strip be

re allowed. C on the sidews. be encourageith direct ent

d be orientedries. h or without os. This can b restaurant/cs by spilling inand plazas, ag. atriums) to


y blank, unat

es are easily rances direct

include, on itcurb from thet the entire le

e over the sidace of any pa

ovided with aetween the a

Café seating,walk should b

ed to containtry from the s towards the

overhead cove an attractiv

café seating. nterior spaceand to bring to views and s


R D P 2 0 1

ttractive walls

identifiable atly reinforce

ts outer side,e sidewalk paength of the s

dewalk, and tart of the arc

a planting strarcaded porti

planters, rambe located w

public or sestreet. street and h

ver) are geneve, successfu e (e.g. dining the "outdoorssunshine.

Z O N U B

1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

s to streets o

and clearly vipedestrian

, a planting savement. street within

the horizontacade should n

rip of not lesson and the o

mps, stairs, aith at least 1

mi-public use

have direct ac

erally more viul location fo

areas, smalls" into the

| 47

or

sible

strip

the

al not

s open

and 1.5

es

ccess

sible or

l


48 | R D P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

• It is recommended to utilize a variety of special paving treatments such as colored and/or stamped concrete, stone or brick pavers, to identify and visually enhance sidewalks, intersections and pedestrian crossings. Another suggestion is to use standard warning signs and light fixtures to alert drivers at crossings and use traffic calming devices to slow vehicles at crosswalks.

• Sidewalks should be wide enough to accommodate comfortable and leisurely pedestrian activity.

g. Pedestrianization Pedestrian System To reinforce and enhance the pedestrian system and provide a human scale and interest to buildings along sidewalks and walkways, the following requirements should be met:

• Primary building entries should be oriented at pedestrian circulation points conveniently and

effectively connecting pedestrians with transit services. • Outdoor lighting at a human scale should be provided to encourage evening pedestrian

activity. • Convenient linkages throughout the city should be provided to facilitate movement for

pedestrians to and from the river, and to and from adjacent neighborhoods. • The sidewalk should be buffered and separated from vehicular traffic with street trees,

plantings, and protective bollards. • The pedestrian promenade should be enhanced by widening the space used by pedestrians.

Arcades, awnings, and widened sidewalks should be used to do this. Sidewalk cafes and food vendors should be located in the wider pedestrian space.

Pedestrian Routes • Pedestrian routes should be located along or visible from all streets. They must provide

clear, comfortable, and direct access to the core commercial area and transit stop. • Primary pedestrian routes and bikeways should be bordered by residential fronts, public

parks, plazas, or commercial uses. • Where street connections are not feasible, short pedestrian paths can provide connections

between residential and retail areas.

Pedestrian Signage • There should be continuity of directing pedestrians along safe, appropriate routes to

common destinations (i.e. shopping areas, public transport interchanges, tourist attractions, parks, key buildings and public amenities). The walking route should be signed from the start of the route through the destination.

• Generally, signs should not cause hazards in the footway or verge in which they are placed. Signs should not block visibility of, or to vehicles or pedestrians

• The needs of mobility-impaired users should be taken into account when signing destinations and locating signs. The design and materials used should be suitable for their function and the color of the signs should contrast with the background to make sure they stand out.

h. Public Open Spa

• Th

ofcr

• Thd

• Exco

• Tocaac

• Sa

• Thtrre

i. Parks a

Location

• P

lo• P

su• P

foadoshcoef

Open Spaces

ace

he material uf water into trushed gravehere should riveways or oxisting healthount towardso ensure thaarefully. Urbaccessible fropecific activirea. he perimeterraffic and useesidential.

nd Plazas

of Parks and

arks and plaocated next toarks should urrounding darks and pla

or informal gadjacent to stn sites that ahaped parceomplexes. Tffectively as s

s and Amenit

used for walkthe ground. Sel. be a buffer oother openinghy trees of des the plantingt urban open

an open spacom public areties for the s

r of urban opes for the spa

d Plazas

zas should po public streenot be forme

developmentsza sites shouatherings or sreets and sh

are not suitabls at the edghese sites arsuch.

ties

kways locatedSuitable mate

of open spacegs. esirable specg requiremenn spaces are ces should beeas. Views anspace should

en spaces shace including

provide a pubets, resident

ed from resids, or used to uld reinforce special evenopping areasble for other e of a develore not approp

R E G I O G L O

d within natuerials include

e around the

cies are encont. well used, it e located in cnd sun expos be programm

hould consistg retail, cafes

blic focus for ial areas andual areas. In separate bu retail and rets. Approprias. In many cotypes of uses

opment, or wpriate for pub


ural areas shoe grasscrete

e perimeter of

ouraged to be

is essential tclear and vissure should bmed to revita

t of active uss and restaur

each neighbd retail uses. stead, they sildings from s

esidential areate sites are ommunities, s, such as unithin private blic parks and


R D P 2 0 1

ould allow fopavers, wood

f the develop

e retained on

to locate andible areas anbe taken to aalize and help

ses that provrants and hig

orhood. They should be usestreets.

eas by creatin centrally loc parks and pnder freewayresidential od plazas and

Z O N U B

1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

or the percoladen decking o

ped site, exce

n-site and sho

d design themnd easily account as wep make it a li

ide pedestriagher-density

y should be

ed as buffers

ng places suiated and lazas are locs, on oddly r office

d rarely functi

| 49

ation or

ept at

ould

m

ell. ively

an

s to

table

cated

ion


50 | R D P

Size and • P

su• V• N

ad• C

j. Bikeway

• Sw

• Dn

• Bla

• So

• Broacpa

Bike Pa • B

p• M

m• S

melo


P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2

Frequency o

arks should urrounding aillage parks seighborhooddjacent to scommunity pa

ys

elected routewith the seconDesignated bi

umber of locicycle routes

anes are not eparated bikpen space coikeways sho

oute of the bictivity centerarking faciliti

arking

icycle parkinrovided at sh

More secure bmajor transit s

igns indicatinmay be shared

ntries, closerots. These fac


2 0 1 6

f Parks

be developedareas to meetshould be plad parks with lchools. arks should b

es to the tranndary areas ake lanes sho

cal streets thas are encourarequired.

ke paths shouorridors. uld be well-idikeway. Clears (ie. shoppiies).

g facilities inhops, schoolsbike parking fstops. ng the locatiod between usr to the buildcilities should

O N

d throughoutt on-site popaced within twarge playing

be placed alo

nsit stop shoand other keyould be providat converge uaged on sma

uld also be p

dentified by br destinationng areas, tra

nclude bike ras and recreatfacilities mus

on of bike pases, but shouing than autod not block p

t Transit Orieulation needwo (2) blocks fields should

ong regional o

uld provide my destinationded on selecupon the comll residential

rovided alon

bikeways sign signs should

ansit stops, re

acks, "checkstional destinast be provide

arking facilitieuld be centrao parking are

pedestrian ro

nted Develops. s of any residd be located

open space o

marked or sens. cted connectommercial and streets, but

g greenways

ns that indicad be providedecreation fac

s" and lockerations in TODed at all office

es must be cally located, eeas, and visibutes.

pments (TOD

dence. at the edge o

or bicycle net

parated bike

or streets and transit centdesignated o

s and arterials

ate the begind that direct cilities, schoo

rs. Bike rackDs and secone/employme

learly postedeasily accessble from stree

Ds) and

of the TOD o

tworks.

eways connec

d a limited ter. or marked bik

s, and throug

nning, end, anriders to key

ols, and bike

ks must be ndary areas. nt uses and

d. Bike parkisible to buildiets or parkin

r

cting

ke

gh

nd

a

ng ng g

k. Transp Circulatio

• C• Tr• W

rofavi

• Labst

• Thmw

• Aceco

• Sin

• Aflo

• C• In

st• Tr

lape

• Dro

• Love

• S• W

sta

l. Parking Off Street

• E• P• P• N• O

th• La

ut

ortation

on

ars should nraffic loads s

Wide sidewalkoadways shoacilitate pedeitality. andscaping suffer pedestrtreet traffic. he radius of

minimized whwalkways cros

ccessible ramlderly shouldorners. pecial paving

ntersections alternative intow without slear sight line

ntersections wtriping or speraffic calming

andscaped medestrian cir

Development oadway into toading and behicular routufficient road

Whenever postreets and/on integral pa

g

t-Parking

ase of accesarking shouldarking districo parking sp

Off-street parkhe communitandscaping ttilized to min

ot be allowedshould be eveks along all muld be requir

estrian move

should be utirians from ve

corners shouere pedestriass mps for PWDd be provided

g at major and crosswatersection cotop signs or es should bewith off-roadecial paving, g techniques

medians and srculation. should be orthe core centbays should bes so that thdway width sssible, internr connect to rt of the surr

ssibility should be sized tocts should bepace should bking lots shouty. treatments linimize the vis

d to dominatenly distributmain red to ment and

ilized to ehicular

uld be an

Ds and d at all

lks should bentrols shouldlights.

e maintained trails shouldand signalize

s should be ustreet trees t

riented arounter of the combe located atey do not op

should be ensal access driadjacent priv

rounding tran

d be ensuredo meet a rease created to pbe greater thauld not be al

ke landscapesual obtrusive

R E G I O G L O

te the commuted througho

e applied to cd be consider

at intersectid be promineed lights. used such as to reduce tra

nd a single mmmunity. t the rear of ten directly osured to accoves should bvate drives, snsportation n

d by providinsonable demplan and manan 300 metelowed to dom

ed berms, veeness of surf


unity fabric. ut the comm

create a visured (i.e. roun

ons. ently displaye

mid-block inffic speeds a

main street th

the developmnto the streeommodate bbe located to so that the innetwork.

g adequate pand. nage for greaers from any minate the st

egetation andface parking


R D P 2 0 1

munity.

ual cue to slowdabouts) to

ed by incorpo

ntersections, and ensure co

hat serves as

ment away froet. icycle lanes. join togethe

nternal circula

parking.

at efficiency. activity accesreet scene o

d decorative f lots.

Z O N U B

1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

w traffic speemaintain traf

rating signs,

roundaboutsompatibility w

the primary

om primary

r existing pubation functio

ss point. r urban fabri

fencing shou

| 51

eds. ffic

s, with

blic ns as

c of

uld be


52 | R D P

• Su

• A• S• S

st• S• D• P

Retail in S

• Retai

buildibuildipodiumust

Parking L • Trees

landsblockbe tribuildihave garde

• Landsbe proparke


P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2

hared parkinnderutilized mple shade sustainably deurface parkintreets. urface parkin

Decorative paarking lots sh

Structured Pa

l uses shoulding's design. ing face the s

um of parking be articulate

Lot Landscap

s should be loscaping shouk views of retammed to proing visibility. permeable sens. scaping alonovided to sof

ed cars and d


2 0 1 6

ng among adjparking areashould be presigned parkng lots shoul

ng lots shoulving materiahould not be

arking Lots

d be located Office buildistreet and wrg. Minor ported and otherw

ping

ocated alongld screen vieail facades.

ovide shade, The peak pa

surfaces such

g parking lotften the visuadefine the ed

O N

jacent uses sa. Cluster parovided throu

king such as wd be located

d be treated als should be located betw

on the grounings can alsorap around ations of parkwise have an

g walkways. Pews of cars, bTree canopiebut should a

arking areas h as gravel a

t perimeters sal impact of rge of the sid

should be enking areas a

ugh the generwater catchm at the rear o

as detailed l used to defiween a buildi

Park •froninteimpshointeStrufutushodev

nd floor of pao be designedan interior paing structure

n appearance

Perimeter but not es should allow should nd roof

should also rows of ewalk.

couraged to re preferred rous distributment or solarof the buildin

landscape elne walkwaysing and a ped

king Configur

Parking ntage of pedeerrupt pedestpact surrounduld be locate

erior of a blocuctured parkiure intensificauld be considelopment pla

arking garaged so that therking structu

es that do note similar to th

minimize theover large extion of large-r powered roog, and not fro

ements. s and parkingdestrian stre

ration

lots should nestrian-orienttrian routes, oding neighbored behind buck whenever ing is also enation with strdered when dans.

es and incorp active use p

ure rather that have first-lehe buildings t

e amount of xpansive lotscanopied treofing is prefeonting main

g bays. eet.

not dominateted streets, or negativelyrhoods. Lots ildings or in tpossible.

ncouraged anructured parkdesigning

porated into tportions of than sit on top evel retail usethey serve.

s. ees. erred.

e the

y the

nd king

the e of a es

Parking fo

Location • Parki

buildi• Wher

syste

2. Riverfr In order tcharacterrequirem • The

and• New

bay• Lan• The• The

areviewdes

• Pubacti

• A grcoa

a. Setba Structunot reqcoastal

or Persons w

of Parking Pl

ng spaces foings and othee parallel pam with a har

front and Coa

o revive the wr of the wateents should

e area's histod/or providingw park areasy. nd uses shoue design of the river shoulda’s street griws to the rivesigned and orblic viewing aivities and feraceful trans

astal areas.

acks

res should buire a locatio recession an

with Disabilitie

laces

or PWD shouler facilities. rking spacesd surface tha

oastline Deve

waterfront arrfront and acbe met:

ory should be g port facilitie or open spa

ld be integrahe bridges shd be orientedd; developm

er and/or watriented to em

areas should eatures. ition should

e located as on on the watnd wave atta

es (PWD) and

d be located

s for PWD areat is accessib

elopment Gu

reas of Calabcknowledge it

recognized bes for a ferryces for physi

ated and devehould be integ for views to ent projects terways; ope

mphasize view be provided,

be establishe

far back as ter's edge, it

ack.

R E G I O G L O

d Loading Zo

as close as

e provided, thble from the s

uidelines

barzon, desigts heritage a

by incorporaty tourist-ride. ical activities

elopments mgrated with t and from it wshould be de

en spaces andws of the rive, which take

ed between b

practicable f should be se


one

possible to t

hey must be space.

gn solutions tre to be appl

ting remnant s or gathering

made to be ophe design of while establisesigned and d landscapeder and waterwadvantage of

buildings and

rom the shoret back to red


R D P 2 0 1

he accessible

placed adjac

that contributlied. Thus, th

ts of industria

gs should be

pen and acce the park andshing a relatioriented to vd areas shouways. f views of the

d the river lin

reline. When duce the thre

Z O N U B

1 1 ‐ 2 0 1 6

e entrances

cent to a walk

te to the he following

al infrastruct

oriented to t

essible. d the riverfroionship with tvisually link thuld also be

e river and w

ne, waterfront

a structure deat posed by

| 53

of

k

ture

the

nt. the heir

water

t or

does


54 | R D P

The set• R• P• R• A

mmw

• Wspaddca

b. Pedest

• Stco

• Lo• P

se 3. Guidel Mountain To take amust be k

• R

p• C

co• Ta

q


P 2 0 1 1 ‐ 2

tting back of educed impaedestrian aceduced wind shoreline se

maximum enjomaximize thiswaterfront. Water-based lpecific foreshdequate warevelopmentsases of storm

trian Accessi

tructures shoontrol is theiocate pedestaths and othensitive area

lines for Mou

n Landscapes

dvantage of kept in mind:

espect the lalace such asounteract intontrasts andake advantaguality. Establ


2 0 1 6

structures fract on unstabcessibility

d, salt, and suetback of at leoyment and , it is recomm

eisure and rehore, underwrning signs ans and the locam and typhoo

bility

ould not imper primary funtrian pathway

her developmas.

untain Comm

s

the aesthetic:

andscape’s s its sensory atimidating sc elements thge of views alish and prote

O N

om the shoreble soils

un impact oneast 30 meteleisure utility

mended that

ecreation actwater featuresnd buoys shoal governme

on surges and

ede public acnction. ys and roads

ment should b

munities

c qualities of

spiritual charaappeals, cultcales throughat frame and

and view linesect view corr

eline should

n structures ers from the y of the coast a setback of

tivities and fas, plant and ould be designt should ided tsunami wa

ccess to and

s so as to minbe located to

f the mounta

acter. Be senural tradition

h the use of cd direct viewss. Vantage poridors.

achieve the f

coastline is ttline for residf 50 meters b

acilities shouanimal hazar

gnated for visentify areas sarnings.

along the sh

nimize impac direct people

in landscape

nsitive to whans, histories, canopies, nats. oints can bec

following:

the national sdents and visbe the standa

uld take into crds (i.e. jellyfsitor safety. Wsuitable for e

horeline exce

ct on the sease away from

e, the followin

at is meaning etc. tural screens

come places

standard to asitors. To furtard for the

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• Respect visually-sensitive scenery. • Understand the visual impacts of slope. The gentler the slope gradient, the greater the

potential for vegetation to provide screening. • Apply appropriate design for roads and structures especially those located on steeper slope

gradients and blend them with the natural environment as they may make or break a view. Sites and structures on a high slope are more visible than those nearer the base with fewer things to block their view and more spots from which they can be seen.

• Find clues to structural forms from the land form. Structures should conform to the terrain through proper design of the following elements: form or angle, mass or scale, color or materials.


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CHAPTER 6 OVERALL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

The Calabarzon Development Framework Strategy is aimed at contributing to the achievement of national goals. In order to realize the vision of the region becoming the Philippine Global Business Hub, it is imperative to define the principles and assumptions that led to the formulation of the Development Framework Strategy. Strategies and approaches that will be used in implementing the spatial development strategy also need to be identified, and translated into immediate, short-term, medium-term and long-term actions. The principles and assumptions and specific strategies and approaches are presented in this section.

I. Principles and Assumptions The crafting of the Calabarzon 2011-2016 RDP was guided by the principles of sustainable development, inclusive growth and human rights. The last item promotes the principles of participation, accountability, non-discrimination, transparency, human dignity, empowerment and rule of law (PANTHER). In pursuit of sustainable development, this RDP adopts three (3) approaches as proposed by Palafox Associates:

• Triple-E Bottomline • Triple Ps • 8 Gs of Development

A. Triple E Bottomline The Triple-E Bottomline approach seeks to balance the Environment, Social Equity and Economy. The Environment (or planet Earth) refers to sustainable environmental practices which aim to reduce the ecological footprint by carefully managing the consumption of energy and non-renewable resources. The aim is to secure environmental integrity in all natural tourism assets and resources. The Economy (or Profit) refers to income generation and growth of the Calabarzon Region. As the region with the highest economic shares in the Philippines, the Calabarzon is recommended to pursue further economic innovations and expansions. Partnership between local government and economic chambers can give greater leverage and expansion of opportunities for economic progress. Social Equity (or People) pertains to fair and beneficial business practices toward labor and the community. With Equity, profit is fairly earned, distributed and trickled down to society in all locations within the Calabarzon. Social Equity is a reciprocal social structure where the business entities, laborers, and stakeholders are interdependent.


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B. Triple Ps Triple Ps refers to Public-Private Partnership which aims to solidify the cooperation between both the private and public sectors. The Triple Ps is aligned to the present administration’s platform and thrust for development. Originally, the partnership between these sectors was not perceived to be advantageous because of the perceived mutual exclusivity of their interests. However, changes to this mindset led to the realization that the synergy of both sectors may be forged to tap into their collective strengths and advantages. Through this approach, the use of the government’s limited resources is maximized, the private sector’s business and technical expertise are tapped, and stakeholder participation is increased.

C. 8 Gs of Development The 8 G’s represent the following:

• Green Architecture • Green Urbanism • Green Technology • Green Energy

• Green Infrastructure • Green Furniture • Green Interior Design • Green Sustainable Development

Green Architecture places importance on designing structures to work harmoniously with the environment. It usually integrates the passive design techniques to maximize the use of natural lighting and ventilation, for example. Through this, the structures function more efficiently with less energy consumption. Green Urbanism fosters sustainability with the urban environment by changing the patterns of natural resource consumption. It seeks to reduce carbon footprints in the communities and LGUs by making them more walkable and bikeable. Likewise, Green Urbanism ensures that the community achieves a balanced lifestyle with places to work, play, live, and worship. Green Technology fosters the use and creation of environmentally-sound innovations to enhance and uplift the quality of living, while preserving environmental integrity. Green Energy is the generation and utilization of renewable energy from the sun, wind, and water among others to fuel growth and provide the clean supply of power to everyday processes of the economy and society. Energy is harnessed and used without the use of environment-damaging fossil fuels. Green Infrastructure analyses the natural environment in a way that highlights its function. It subsequently seeks to put in place, through regulatory or planning policy, mechanisms to protect environmentally critical areas. Green Furniture refers to products and materials obtained from sustainable forests with least toxic material levels or none at all, and are durable and locally manufactured. Green Interior Design combines innovations, efficiency, and sustainable designs of interior spaces to tap into less energy-consuming factors such as lighting, air conditioning, insulation, and easy access.


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The beauty of interior spaces then becomes a result not because of aesthetics, but because of its environmentally-sound design. Green Sustainable Development encompasses the entirety of development. It refers to the sustainability of the economy, society, and culture anchored towards the preservation of the environment.

II. Specific Strategies and Approaches The Calabarzon 2011-2016 RDP adopts the strategies espoused by the RDA as the main approaches to achieve desired outcomes. These strategies are:

• Harmonization of Regional Development Objectives and Environmental Protection • Enhancing Calabarzon’s Competitiveness as a Global Business Hub • Adoption of Knowledge-Based Industries and Information Exchange • Reduction of Socio-Economic Disparity • Tying up Human Resource Development, Industry and Research and Development Priorities

and Concerns • Sustaining Capacities in Local Governance

These strategies were translated into more specific, actionable items for immediate, short-term, medium-term and long-term implementationxxxi. The points of action for the HEARTS strategy are presented in the succeeding discussion.

A. Harmonization of Regional Development Objectives and Environmental Protection Immediate Actions:

• Information, education and communication (IEC) campaigns on RA 10121 or the Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Act of 2010 • Capability-building for LGUs on Environmental Management • Institutionalization of early warning system for all natural hazards • Update and conduct studies regarding the region’s susceptibility to hazards and disasters such as

earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods, and others • Promotion of social acceptability and community involvement in the rehabilitation of Laguna de

Bay • Designation of 50-meter setbacks and issuance of Certification of Non-Compliances to

establishments that do not comply with setbacks in marsh lands, coastal areas, rivers and lakes • Review and inspection of mining operations in conformance to Environmental Compliance

Certificates (ECC) Short-Term Actions:

• Environmental Protection and Preservation Program • Mangrove Rehabilitation/Protection Program • Forest Management Program • Management of Foreshore Land, Patrimonial Properties and Other Public Lands


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• Geographic Information System (GIS) Mapping of Protected and Environmentally Constrained Areas

• Sustainable agriculture and agricultural livelihood enhancement programs o Aquaculture Development Program o Agricultural Land and Fishery Resource Management Program o Aquaculture and Commercial Fisheries Development Program

• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Program o Flood Control Master Plan o Design and construction of flood-proof structures and infrastructures

• Master planning of the Laguna Lake and its surroundings through integration of lakefront developments, recreation facilities, agri-tourism areas, residential, and commercial areas

• Water supply and sanitation projects in Laguna de Bay o Construction of model sewerage treatment plants (STPs) in two (2) sub-watersheds o Developing natural wastewater treatment systems around Laguna de Bay o Construction of water processing and treatment plant

• Creation of additional flood control facilities such as dikes, dredging of silted rivers, and widening of choke points in rivers to prevent flooding in all provinces in the region

• Requirement of all commercial establishments to have water cisterns that will promote water recycling in the province and in the whole region

Medium-Term Actions:

• Monitoring and assessment of existing environmental conditions of bay, lakes, tributary rivers,

sediment quality of Laguna de Bay, and assessment of toxic substances in fish tissue • Revegetation and reforestation of forest areas • Increase urbanization and development of the east coast of Quezon • Implement the policy of one car equivalent to planting of at least five trees • Demolition and relocation of structures within the identified 30-meter public easement along the

coastline for beaches and 10-meter easement for rivers • Structures issued with Certificates of Non-Compliances should be completely cleared Long-term Actions:

• Resettlement Projects • Urban Renewal Program • Laguna Lake Rehabilitation Project • Construction of Laguna Lake Coastal Road Dikes for access and flood protection • Promotion of green communities

o Creation of environment-friendly communities o Encourage and fully promote alternative modes of transportation such as walking and biking o Network of parks and open spaces o Compact and dense community with a mix of facilities and amenities for living, working,

learning, worship, and recreation • Full implementation of urban agriculture • Full implementation of plans to meet the reduction of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission

goals


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B. Enhancing Calabarzon's Competitiveness as a Global Business Hub Immediate Actions:

• Advocacy and Investment Promotion Program

o Marketing and advertising campaign for potential investors locally and globally o Formulation of Investment Incentives, Promotion, and Marketing Plans to attract

international and local investors o Product development and promotion of cuisine, arts, culture, and crafts of Calabarzon o Identification of potential tourism development and inventory of tourist attractions per

barangay o Promote incentives such as hotel and resort discounts for tourists to encourage more

tourists to visit Calabarzon o Identification and construction of Tourism Information and Assistance Centers in strategic

areas per municipality/ city o Creation and updating of the official websites of Calabarzon and of all the municipalities and

cities • Assessment of existing infrastructure and utilities (power lines, sewerage, drainage, water supply,

road networks, and communication systems) • Conduct of transport management studies, identification of choke points and alternative roads for

construction in the region) • Crafting of Traffic Management Plan • Study on transport planning, identification of possible access routes, loading and unloading zones,

and locations for park-and-ride facilities • Establishment of transportation terminals in strategic locations • Designation of loading and unloading stops for jeepneys and buses, and identification of routes for

tricycles • Provision of adequate fire and police stations with adequate equipment such as fire trucks and

police mobiles Short-Term Actions:

• Promotion of sustainable agricultural programs:

o Organic Vegetable Production Program o Poultry Layer/Egg Production, Hog Raising Feed Mill, Agricultural and Veterinary Supply

Merchandise Program • Prioritization of Agri-Tourism as a key to sustainable and equitable development

o Promotion of public and private sector investments to the agriculture industry to balance the influx of development and counter dependence on the tourism industry as the sole economic activity in the region

o Promotion of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural practices such as organic farming to avoid groundwater contamination when inorganic pesticides and fertilizers are used

o Planting of other crop varieties that are high-value and are suitable to the conditions in the region

o Promote locally grown products for exports • Clearing of illegal fishpens, dredging, and the establishment of a fully-functional water transport

system in Laguna Lake • Diffusion of knowledge and technologies through Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading (SETUP)

Program


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• Economic Zones Development Program • Promotion of the Batangas International Seaport as alternative Port of Manila • Strengthening of various power sector programs:

o Energy Conservation and Management Program o Energy Exploration and Development Program o Coco-biodiesel Program o Electric Cooperative Program o Rural Electrification Expansion Program o Transmission Upgrading Program o Wind Farm Development Program o Establishment of Solar Energy Plant o Construction of micro-hydro projects in Marikina and San Mateo

• Conduct of various studies on alternative energy sources in the region: o Nuclear energy as power source o Construction of megahydro project o Ocean technology as possible source of electricity

• Privatization of Power and Transmission Facilities • Implementation of a national broadband with wireless infinity (wi-fi) coverage in all provinces • Provision of adequate housing especially informal settlers in urban areas

o Identification of new and well-planned relocation sites for informal settlers within urban areas equipped with facilities and places to work, live, study, shop, dine, and worship

o Relocation for those located in environmentally critical and hazardous areas such as in coastal areas

• Incentives for establishments and businesses that employ locals as majority of their staff • Destination area development and the exploration of new sustainable tourist attractions and

activities • Promotion of tourism circuits, which links and integrates different types of tourism destinations

identified in the region • Completion of the Quezon Eco-Tourism Coastal Road • Strengthening the Nasugbu-Tagaytay-Calamba Tourism Trail by promoting and enhancing the local

tourism industry of the towns along this route • Other forms of tourism that can be developed and/or enhanced are:

o Health and Wellness Tourism – Resorts and hotels with added amenities for nature spa, acupuncture, yoga, and general wellness

o Establishment of retirement villages in the selected areas in the region near health facilities and town centers

o Strengthen heritage and educational tourism through the promotion of the heritage structures such as the Rizal Shrine and churches in the region

o Promotion of religious tourism/ pilgrimage, church tour, or “Visita Iglesia” during Holy Week o Cultural Tourism promotion of Calabarzon’s cuisine, crafts, and products including the revival

and support of businesses that promote traditional crafts. Reinforcement of various festivals in the region, which reflects the identity, character and culture of the locals

o Agri-Tourism through the development of existing agricultural areas into agri-tourism destinations with amenities such as organic farms, ‘u-pick’ farms, guided tours around the farm, experiencing farm chores such as planting, milking and feeding animals.

o Showcasing and promoting eco-tourism centers highlighting on the environment and physical aspects such as beaches, lakes, falls, Taal Volcano, and the mountains of the Sierra Madre. This may include activities such as camping, mountain climbing, hiking, bird-watching, zip-lining, and the like

o Adventure and Sports Tourism – Includes activities such as water sports, mountain climbing,


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mountain biking, and wakeboarding. This also includes events such as triathlons, marathons, and other events

• Compact and dense community with a mix of facilities and amenities for living, working, learning, worship, and recreation


• Infrastructure and Support Facilities Development Program • Establishment of Modern Agro-Industrial Estates • Construction of Calabarzon Coastal Roads • Construction of SLEX extension from Santo Tomas, Batangas to Pagbilao, Quezon • Completion of bypass roads such as Candelaria Bypass Road • Completion of Southern Tagalog Road four-lane toll road from Lipa to Batangas City • Construction of Ternate-Nasugbu Road • Construction of CALA Expressway • Construction of C6 Road • Construction of Atimonan-Mauban-Real Road • Railway Rehabilitation Program

o Rehabilitation of Northrail-Southrail Linkage Phase II (Alabang-Calamba) o Rehabilitation of Mainline South Rail Project (Calamba-Lucena-Tagkawayan) o Revival of the Calamba-Batangas railway line

• LRT Line 1 Extension to Bacoor • LRT Line 2 from Santolan to Masinag • Development/Implementation of Laguna Lake Ferry System • Development of Aplaya de Sta. Rosa Waterfront Long-Term Actions:

• Incentives for mass transit, cycling, and walking as modes of transport, and heavy taxation for

ownership of private vehicles • Construction of underground telephone, electric, and communication cables system • Upgrading of the Lucena Airport as a support and feeder domestic airport

C. Adoption of Knowledge-Based Industries and Information Exchange Immediate Actions:

• Knowledge and Technology Development Program • Knowledge Management Program • Knowledge Sharing and Best Practices Short-Term Actions:

• Science and Technology Development Program • Curriculum Development Program • Technical, Vocational Education and Training Program • State University Scholarship Program • Provision of higher standards of education system (technology engineering)


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• Establishment of Information and Technology Parks and Cyberservices Corridor Project • Establishment of state-of-the art digital infrastructures

D. Reduction of Socio-Economic Disparity Immediate Actions: Promotion of the following programs and projects: • Alternative Learning System • Education Voucher System • Education Service Contracting Scheme • Health and Nutrition Program • Food Fortification Program • Local Employment Creation Programs Short-Term Actions:

• Education Service Contracting Scheme • Health Facility Enhancement Program • Upgrading of schools, health centers, and public offices • Social Welfare Program/Protection of the Vulnerable • Implementation/Institutionalization of KALAHI Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social

Services (CIDSS) • Self Employment Assistance Kaunlaran (SEA-K) • National Health Insurance Program • Upgrading of General Hospitals with complete facilities to meet the requirements of the region

being a world-class medical services and medical tourism destination • Increase protective services, constant provision of livelihood training programs, and full

implementation of social welfare programs which focuses on improving access to social development services for rural areas


• Sustainability of KALAHI-CIDSS • Poverty Alleviation Program • Population Management Program • Establishment of Schools in School-less Barangays • Complete upgrading of all public schools and all its facilities in the region. • Construction of more schools and hospitals and improvement of healthcare for all residents of

Calabarzon • Community-Based Programs for Children, Youth, Women, PWDs, Older Persons, Families,

indigenous people groups (IPGs), Displaced Communities • Socialized Housing Program to prevent the proliferation of informal settlers in major urban areas

and coastal areas


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E. Tying up Human Resource Development, Industry, Research and Development Priorities and Concerns Immediate Actions:

• Market Development and Promotion Program • Product Development and Packaging Program • Trade Policy Negotiation, Facilitation, and Promotion Program • Industry Development and Investment Facilitation and Promotion Program • Consumer Welfare and Protection Program Short-Term Actions:

• Micro-Financing and Credit Facilitation Program • Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development • One Town One Product Program • Local Employment Creation Programs • Human Resource Development Program • Employment Assistance Program • Provision of short course trainings on enterprise and skills development, agriculture/industry/

services/tourism best practices, and relevant policies • Cooperative Development Program • Convergence of R & D Programs of RLAs and other research institutions • Explore the introduction of new and futuristic technology courses

F. Sustaining Capacities in Local Governance Immediate Actions:

• Database Development and Management Program

o Updating of Socio-Economic Profiles with the latest baseline data, maps and statistics • Establishment of One Stop Shop Business Registrations in key areas • Updating of Development Plans (PDPFPs, CLUDPs) Short-Term Actions:

• LGUs Computerization Program • Integrated Capability Building Program for Regional Line Agencies and Local Government Units • Building Safe Community Program • Review, updating and enforcement of Building Codes and Structural Codes • Inter-local planning and Cooperation Initiatives • Human Rights Based Approach in Development Planning Medium-Term Actions:

• Establishment of Regional Government Center • Urban Growth Cluster and Resource-Based Area Development


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CHAPTER 7 IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM

The implementation of the Calabarzon RDP will be defined by three (3) key action steps and facilitated through appropriate institutional arrangements.

I. Key Action Steps The three (3) key action steps for RDP implementation, with emphasis on the regional spatial development strategy are:

• Achievement of broad consensus for the implementation of the spatial development strategy through multi-stakeholder dialogues;

• Enhanced inter-regional cooperation; and • Prioritized implementation of programs and projects in accordance with the spatial

development strategy

A. Achievement of a Broad Consensus The necessity for a broad consensus in the implementation of the Calabarzon spatial development strategy initially stems from the need for cooperation among LGUs to achieve territorial cohesionxxxii - that is, the harmonious development of all areas in Calabarzon with all constituents enabled to make the most of the inherent features of these areas. Cognizant with the devolution policy, LGU dialogues are expected to result in their adoption of the RDP spatial development strategy, which may then serve as basis for the formulation of their specific development, physical and land use plans. Dialogues are also one of the means to enable inter-local cooperation and the pursuit of common and mutually-benefitting interests, especially among neighboring LGUs. The pursuit of a broad consensus should be made with the end view of achieving inter-LGU cooperation as well as cross-sector partnerships. Thus, private developers, landowners, civil society groups and other stakeholders must be actively engaged in the consultations to gain their support and cooperation. This step also indicates recognition of the fact that environmental problems associated with climate change, flooding, biodiversity loss, pollution or commuting do not respect borders of any kind and can only be effectively addressed with strong cooperation at various levels.

B. Enhanced Inter-Regional Cooperation The region needs to harness its potential as the central point of the urban corridor in Luzon. The complementation of the regions in Luzon will enable the whole area to boost their economic and market potentials beyond what each region can generate, with economies of scale, synergies and complementation that will be more attractive to investors. For instance, in the absence of an international airport, the region has to strengthen its relationship with NCR since some parts of the region can be part of the ‘aerotropolis’xxxiii. Improved connectivity of


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the region with the NAIA through the construction of flyovers directly from the airport to the Cavite Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) and other parts of the region is encouraged. Also central to the strengthening of the region’s role as the central point of Luzon corridor is the improvement of transport systems. It is in this light that the implementation of the key transport projects, such as the Calamba-Los Baños-Bay Bypass Road, CALA Expressway and the development of Sangley Point, Fernando Air Base, among others may be pursued. Implementation of key infrastructure projects and provision of technical assistance to areas at the periphery of the region, including Batangas City, Lucena City and other municipalities, should likewise be accelerated to enhance their strategic role as ‘gateway cities’.

C. Prioritization of Programs and Projects Programs and projects in accord with the spatial development strategy should be prioritized for implementation. The Calabarzon RDP and spatial development strategy gives particular emphasis to the following:

• introduction of strategic interventions in identified development zones (i.e. centers or clusters)xxxiv

• diversification and improvement on the level of services in centers and corridors • identification and development of Rural Service Centers (RSCs) in wedges • re-channeling of industrial growth and population expansion to selected areas xxxv • region-wide improvement and upgrading of facilities to approximate

exceptional urban standards • improvement of rural-urban interaction • felt "spread effect" of centers to their influence areasxxxvi • improvement of east-west connections • reinforcement of polycentric regional development • establishment of integrated and inter-modal transportation systemsxxxvii

II. Institutional Arrangement for Implementation The implementation of programs, projects and activities is only one step in the entire planning cycle. Nevertheless and in the entire cycle of plan formulation, investment programming, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and review/re-planning, it is the RDC that remains the preeminent institution in matters of regional development. It is the RDC, with support from NEDA as technical secretariat, which facilitates the formulation of the development blueprints of the region, including RDPs. It is also the RDC, in conjunction with the executive branch of government, which also takes the lead in prudent investment programming to ensure that resources are allocated for crucial programs, projects and activities (PPAs) identified in the RDP.

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END NOTES i Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is the Philippines’ commitment as a responsible member of the community of nations. Each UN member state is expected to incorporate the MDGs in its national plans and translate these into local plans, programs, and policies. In the Philippines, Local Government Units which have effectively localized the MDGs, are given special citation through the Galing Pook award. Numerous LGUs in the Calabarzon have already received the citation in 2006 for imbibing the MDGs in their development and administration. Although the region is recognized for its pioneering effort in the localization of MDGs and for promoting good governance, some of the major goals have not yet been achieved. Regional achievement of these goals is essential in faithfully adhering to the overall commitment of the Philippines to the MDGs. ii During the time of the Spanish and American colonizers, sugarcane, timber and coconut were exported Spain and the United States. iii Over the past six years, however, the percentage share of the region to the gross national product (GNP) steadily declined at an average of 0.21 percentage points annually. The reduction in terms of percentage share was most pronounced during the period 2008-2009. The shrink felt during this time was caused primarily by the global financial crisis that hit the world economy in the last quarter of 2008 and resulted to global recession. This was coupled by the high price of fuel and other input commodities. During this period, the service and agriculture sectors were able to adjust despite two major disasters, i.e. Typhoons Ondoy and Santi, as evident to the compensable changes in their respective sectoral GDPs. iv Assessment of the poverty situation is based on the new official poverty estimation methodology released by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB). The new methodology features the use of estimation of provincial food bundles instead of regional food thresholds, use of standards for non-food basic needs that is comparable across space and over time. Based on the NSCB, the trends of the poverty estimates from 2003-2006 and 2006-2009 using the refined methodology are consistent with the trends in the estimates generated using the old methodology. In terms of levels, however, the estimates based on the old system were higher compared to those of the refined methodology. v These categories were identified in consultation with the region's business sector and various foreign chambers of commerce in the Philippines vi Among Calabarzon’s specialy products are the buko pies in Cavite and Laguna, hot chocolate and lambanog. in Batangas, rice cakes and puddings in RIzal and kiping (available during the annual Pahiyas festival) in Quezon. vii Rizal is known as a haven for art such as paintings and sculptures while Laguna is popular with its woodwork and handicrafts viii informal settlements are rampant even in designated environmental protection and critical areas, such as the waterways, coastal areas and areas traversed by the Marikina-Infanta Road (Quezon), Lupang Arenda (Taytay section), Manila Cavite Expressway (Kawit, Cavite) and PNR railroad Right-of-Way (Laguna, Batangas and Quezon sections) ix With Calabarzon’s proximity to the NCR, it has become the choice for relocation of informal settlers. Most ‘sending off’ LGUs are not able to provide the resources for the provision of basic services, thus the areas of destination in Calabarzon assume responsibility for the influx. Mechanisms to ensure social preparation of the destination areas as well as cooperation between ‘sending” and "receiving" LGUs and the appropriate national agencies need to be established so that the process of relocation and social resettlement does not become burdensome to the recipient - in most cases, Calabarzon. In this regard, a review of relevant policies, such as RA 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA), may also be necessary.


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x A major foreign-based, export-oriented electronics manufacturing firm relocated from Cavite to Mainland China due to power fluctuations and higher labor costs. The firm’s contribution was estimated to account for 22 percent of Cavite’s 2004 exports in 2004, its output accounted for 0.3 percent of the country’s total GDP and, at its heyday, employed about 5,000 people, most of them test engineers. xi For example, the region’s livestock and poultry industries continue to face the problem of limited supply availability and high cost of corn and corn-based feeds from local sources. In 2010, the 24,544 metric tons of corn produced in the region supplied the needs of only 2.54 percent of the region’s swine and poultry industry. xii Calabarzon is a net importer of major food commodities, and will continue to do so with its 3.4 percent population growth rate. The supply of rice in the region, for example, posted an annual deficit of 1,035,165.8 metric tons from 2004 to 2010. This translates to a need for an additional 284,386 hectares of rice land for the region to reach self-sufficiency. xiii The agriculture and fisheries sectors are among the most vulnerable and affected by the change in the climate and seasons. In 2010, the El Niño phenomenon affected 9,800 farmers, 19,363.83 hectares of rice, corn and high value commercial crops (HVCC) and resulted to the loss of an estimated PhP 60.31M in Calabarzon. On the other hand, Typhoons Ondoy and Santi in 2009 caused more than PhP 625.5 million losses and damages in the agriculture and fishery sector. xiv In 1997, the conversion of agricultural lands for residential use in Calabarzon occurred largely in the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas and Rizal, significantly reducing hectarage devoted to agricultural production in these areas by as much as 12,607 hectares, This figure represents nearly half of converted agricultural land in the Philippines for the year. It is also worth noting that the conversion of agricultural land for industrial use is highest in Laguna. xv Almost two-thirds of the region's total land area is classified as A&D, while the remaining one-third is categorized as forestland. More specifically, while DENR IV-A data reveals that Calabarzon has 486,135 hectares of forestland, it has a discrepancy with National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) data of 84,778 hectares which is interpreted to indicate forestland which have been converted to A&D. Moreover, out of the 570,913 hectares of forest lands recorded in 2003, only 224,627 hectares (or 39%) have an existing forest cover. These forest covers may be found mainly in the northern (REINA) portion of Quezon province, the uplands of the 3rd and 4th districts of Laguna and Tanay, Rizal, Mount Lobo in Batangas and Mt. Palaypalay in Cavite. xvi Illegal logging is particularly prevalent in Quezon xvii Kaingin refers to the slashing and burning of forest growth to give way to planting of crops. This practice is most notable in the mountainous areas of Laguna as well as in Mauban, General Nakar and Infanta in Quezon. xviii The definition of centers, corridors and wedges in this document were adopted from the Charlotte City Spatial Development Plan xix Wedges are typically where poverty is concentrated. Hence, there is a need to facilitate the integration of program and projects considering functional linkages, resource utilization, access to basic services and local participation in planning and implementation. With this approach, the urban and rural populations are better linked through greater interplay of economic activities that, in effect, can generate additional income and employment opportunities. xx The interaction between urban and rural areas may be increased by integrating urban growth areas into the surrounding or adjacent rural and agricultural communities. For both urban and resource-based clusters/wedges, the centers shall be the integrating factor - serving as links in the system of distribution and exchange between urban and non-urban areas. Balanced urban and rural development shall likewise be promoted through the development of ‘agropolitan’ communities in the identified wedge and corridor areas of


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the region. An aesthetics policy and the preservation of cultural heritage shall likewise be promoted especially among LGUs who are tasked in formulating land use plans and implementing building codes. xxi The strategy prescribed in the Calabarzon Physical Framework Plan, 2004-2030 divided the region into two major development zones or clusters based on their comparative advantages or strengths, namely the Urban Growth Cluster (UGC) and Resource-Based Area Development Cluster (RBADC). The UGC consists of several groups of highly dense, urbanized and mostly contiguous municipalities and cities. The RBADC on the other hand, are mostly rural with substantial agriculture, other non-agriculture production and protection areas. RBADCs serve as food basket, source of major raw materials and green corridors of the region. It was then envisioned that the improvement of infrastructure, particularly transport, communication and energy networks would bring about the enhanced interaction between the two development zones. This interaction between UGCs and RBADCs were perceived to ensure balanced and sustainable development in all parts of the region. It was realized, however, that the UGC-RBADC dichotomy does not accurately reflect the polycentric urban character of the region, including the fact that some areas are classified as partially urban. Thus, the use of the CCW planning approach was identified as being able to better promote polycentrism and further classification of the areas based on their functional roles and comparative advantages. xxii The strategy of urban corridors, and agriculture and tourism destinations aim for a more balanced interrelationship between the urban and rural, the countryside and hinterlands, tourism, agriculture, and the development of the environment. xxiii The criteria for identifying and determining the sub-clusters include contiguity, complementation of roles, growth potentials and similarities of issues and concerns. Agri-modernization will be pursued in these clusters as this is the food base of the region. The wedge clusters are also less dense and may accommodate housing projects especially the areas that are not fit for agriculture production and are nearer the metropolis. Some areas of the REINA, particularly the municipality of General Nakar, are potential housing sites especially with the forthcoming completion of the Marikina-Infanta Road. xxiv Wedges will be created to maintain agricultural, agri-tourism, ecotourism, and prime agricultural areas. The interdependence, rather than the present parasitic relationship, between agricultural and urban areas will be strengthened. High-value crops and modern farms will be created through the agropolitan approach of development. xxv Poverty indicators such as household characteristics, health status, GDP distribution, poverty incidence, access to potable water and electricity prove that areas in the eastern part of the region is underprivileged in terms of economic and social development than provinces near South China Sea. Thus, the advantage of east-west corridors will tap the potentials of the provinces in close proximity to Pacific Ocean. This will make them self-supporting in terms of jobs, investments, and housing that is balanced and sustainable. Having more controlled development in the east will also be advantageous in an ecological protection standpoint as more “eyes” will be able to monitor the forests of the Sierra Madre. xxvi These spatial development principles and strategies were developed in partnership with the architecture and urban/environmental planning firm Palafox Associates xxvii Located beside a body of water, the name of the Province of Laguna is the Spanish translation of “lake.” In 1571, Captain Juan de Salcedo with a band of a hundred Spanish-Mexican soldiers and their Visayan allies conquered the province and its surrounding regions for Spain. In turn, Laguna de Bay (Ba-i), the first provincial capital, was named after the town. Laguna Lake is believed to have been formed by two major volcanic eruptions, around 27,000 and 29,000 years ago. It has an average depth of 2.5 meters, with a volume of 2.25 cubic kilometers and its excess water is discharged through the Pasig River. xxviii Laguna Lake is fed by 45,000 square kilometers of catchment areas and its 21 major tributaries. The Pagsanjan River provides 35 percent of the lake's water, followed by the Sta. Cruz River with 15 percent. Other water sources of the Laguna Lake include: the Balanak River, the Marikina River, the Mangangate River, the


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Tunasan River, the San Pedro River, the Cabuyao River, the San Cristobal River, the San Juan River, the Bay, Calo and Laitem rivers in Bay, the Molawin, the Dampalit River, the Pele River, the Pangil River, the Tanay River, the Morong River, the Siniloan River and the Sapang Baho River. xxix In 2005, the Laguna Lake Development Authority conducted a waste simulation, revealing that 70 percent of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) loadings came from households. The remaining waste comes from industries (19%) and land run-off erosion (11%). Factories and industries surrounding the lake have already numbered to 1,481 and are still expected to increase. Of the said figure, only 695 have wastewater treatment facilities. Despite this, the lake is absorbing high levels of pollution from these industries in the form of discharges of industrial cooling water, toxic spills from barges and transport operations, and hazardous chemicals such as lead, mercury, aluminum, and cyanide. xxx Combined with the mentioned principles such as Mixed-Use Developments, Green Architecture, Transit-Oriented Developments, and Public Open Spaces, New Urbanism has been the key principle used for the formulation of the guides herein. New Urbanism is a principle that places the development of the built environment in a more human scale. People are therefore the key element in the rationale behind the development guidelines. Developments are therefore generally anchored on developing urban design that has a high level of importance to cater to the needs of pedestrians, walkers, joggers, bikers, residents and visitors alike. xxxi "Immediate" actions can be pursued within the first 100 days of implementation of the RDP; short-term actions can be pursued within the first three years of implementation; medium-term actions can be pursued within three to ten years of implementation; long-term actions may take from between 10 to 25 years to be effected xxxii Adopted from Multi-Level Polycentric Spatial Development (Spain): The Asturias Central Area by Manuel Carrero de Roa xxxiii The term ‘aerotropolis’ (literally ‘airport city’) was used by Dr. John Kasarda to recognize the fact that in addition to the traditional aviation sectives, major airports developed significant, non-aeronautical, commercial facilities, services and revenues. xxxiv Strategic interventions include road construction, establishment of telecommunications facilities, housing expansion, social infrastructure development and identification of investment opportunities. Development priorities are identified based on a range of considerations which may include natural drainage patterns and available water resources, as well as the phase and scale of development. Such considerations transcend political boundaries and zonal classifications and inevitably require a high level of interaction and interdependence between the various sectoral components. xxxv This shall be achieved by improving transport grids, access roads and the communications network in the area, as well as the development of markets for rural outputs. xxxvi The choice of growth centers, the distances of centers from each other and the specialized functions they are to perform would influence the type and volume of economic activities the areas have to perform vis-à-vis their role as counter magnet to the development of Metro Manila and other growth areas. xxxvii Integrated transport systems shall include the construction of roads or rail links between cities, inland waterways, developing inter-modal transport chains and setting-up of advanced traffic management systems.


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ANNEXES

ANNEX A President Aquino III’s Social Contract with the Filipino People President Aquino’s government envisions the Philippines as a country with:

• a re-awakened sense of right and wrong, through living examples of its highest leaders • an organized and widely-shared rapid expansion of the economy through a government

dedicated to honing and mobilizing people’s skills and energies as well as the responsible harnessing of natural resources

• a collective belief that doing the right thing does not only make sense morally, but translates into economic value as well

• public institutions rebuilt on the strong solidarity of the society and its communities. In support to President Aquino’s Social Contract, this RDP seeks to achieve the following objectives as the region's contribution to the attainment of the President's vision:

• promotion of inclusive growth • reduction of poverty • provision of safety nets

Specifically, the elements of President Aquino’s Social Contract are the following:

• commitment to transformational leadership • prioritizes jobs that empower the people and provide them with opportunities to rise above

poverty • making education the central strategy for investing in the people • protection of public health which includes responsible parenthood • impartial system of institutions that deliver equal justice to rich or poor • recognizes farms and rural enterprises • professional, motivated and energized bureaucracies with adequate means to perform their

public service missions • seeks a broadly-supported just peace and will redress decades of neglect of the Moro and

other peoples of Mindanao • planning alternative, inclusive urban development where people of varying income levels are

integrated in productive, healthy and safe communities • encourage sustainable use of resources to benefit the present and future generations


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ANNEX B Highlights of Previous Regional Development Plans RDP - Region IV (1997-2003) RDP - Region IV-A (2004-2010)

MTRDP 1977-1982

This Plan placed general emphasis on self-reliance in basic needs, rural development and agrarian reform, expansion of industry and tourism and accelerated investments in social and economic infrastructures. These interventions gave limited relief to help prop the lethargic economy that was suffering from the lingering effects of fuel price hikes, the devaluation of the peso and pockets of political instability. Nonetheless, a shift in economic activities from traditional commodities (timber, coconut and sugar) to manufacturing was felt at this time as a result of significant investments to transport infrastructure.

MTRDP 1983-1987

This Plan was formulated in the early part of 1982 but revised in 1983 and 1984 in response to the shift in mindsets on the national economy spurred by the Aquino assassination. Essentially, the plan retained the development thrusts of the previous MTRDP but focused on strengthening the linkages between macro-economic planning and investment programming. During this time, regional development investment programming (RDIP) and the regional annual agency budgeting system were fully implemented to effectively link planning with implementation.

MTRDP 1987-1992

This Plan was designed for both rapid economic recovery in the short-term and sustainable regional growth in the long-term. It adopted a bottom–up, broad-based participatory approach through systematic consultations with regional agencies, local government units and the private sector. This plan adopted an innovative approach of presenting a spatial strategy promoting Urban Growth Corridor Development and Resource Sub-Region Growth Corridor Agro-Modernization. The latter strategy paved the way for the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the region’s main development corridor.

MTRDP 1993-1998

This Plan focused on sustainable agri-industrial development. It also included a new feature –specific Provincial Development Strategies under the Spatial Development Framework. The plan aimed to operationalize the Ramos administration’s goal to make the country one of the economic tigers in Asia. Privately owned industrial economic zones were developed in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. Development cooperation with neighboring countries - such as the participation of Mindanao in the Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines -East Asia Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) arrangement - was pursued. The region benefited greatly from the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) Law that gave incentives to local and foreign investments.

MTRDP 1999-2004

This Plan contains the region’s long-term development vision for 2025. Pole-vaulting into the 21st century was enhanced as a concept. While investments in infrastructure, through road and port construction projects, were effected, it was in the export oriented manufacturing and services that the region made significant gains. Exports in the region averaged more than 50 percent share of total national exports from 2000 to 2005.

MTRDP 2004-2010

This Plan was formulated to establish the region’s status as one of the country’s business hubs. It also emphasized a strong bias for poverty alleviation programs and the attainment of MDGs. The plan was updated to include programs to implement the Luzon Urban Beltway Strategy and to take advantage of the synergy from integrating the strengths and resources of the three leading regions in the nation: Region III as the Logistics Hub, NCR as the Financial Center and Calabarzon as the Industrial Core.


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ANNEX C Historical Population and Growth Rate of Calabarzon (1948-2007) Annex Table No. 1 presents the population in Calabarzon, per province for the period 1948-2007. Annex Table No. 2, on the other hand, presents the population growth rate in the region, per province for the same time period. Annex Table No. 1: Population, by Province, 1948-2007 (in thousands)

Area 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 Calabarzon 1,593 2,316 3,356 3,904 4,603 6,351 7,750 9,321 11,758 Cavite 263 378 520 628 771 1,153 1,610 2,063 2,857 Laguna 321 472 700 804 973 1,370 1,631 1,966 2,474 Batangas 510 681 926 1,032 1,174 1,480 1,659 1,905 2,246 Rizal 105 174 307 414 556 977 1,312 1,707 2,299 Quezon 394 611 903 1,026 1,129 1,372 1,538 1,679 1,883 Sources: 1948 to 1990 data - Calabarzon Master Plan; 1995 to 2007 data – NSO Annex Table No. 2: Population Growth Rate, by Province, 1948-2007 (in percent)

Area 1948-60 1960-70 1970-75 1975-80 1980-90 1995-2000 2000-07

Calabarzon 3.17 3.78 3.07 3.35 3.27 4.03 3.25 Cavite 3.07 3.24 3.85 4.19 4.10 5.45 4.59 Laguna 3.26 4.02 2.81 3.89 3.48 4.08 3.22 Batangas 2.44 3.12 2.19 2.61 2.34 3.02 2.29 Rizal 4.30 5.84 6.16 6.08 5.80 5.79 4.19 Quezon 3.72 3.98 2.59 1.93 1.97 1.87 1.45 Sources: 1948 to 1990 data - Calabarzon Master Plan; 1995 to 2007 data – NSO Annex Table No. 1 shows that prior to 1990, the provinces of Batangas and Quezon accounted for nearly two thirds of the region’s total population, with Batangas historically having the biggest share of the total regional population. The change in this trend became evident in 1990, when Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal demonstrated increase in provincial population. In contrast, the population growth rate in Batangas and Quezon for the same period slowed down, registering levels even below the national average, which may be an indicator of out-migration. The high population growth rates registered by provinces near NCR in recent years may indicate that they have become the catch basin for population and even industry spillover from Metro Manila.


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ANNEX D Calabarzon Population Density Maps

Annex Figure No. 1: Calabarzon Population Density Maps, 1990, 2000, 2007


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ANNEX E Calabarzon Urban-Rural Population Distribution, 1970-2000 Annex Table No.3: Urban-Rural Population Distribution, by Province (in percent)

Area 1970 1980 1990 2000 Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

Calabarzon 34.6 65.4 43.0 57.0 58.4 41.6 67.39 32.61 Cavite 50.3 49.7 59.8 40.2 76.4 23.6 86.81 13.19 Laguna 50.1 49.9 61.1 39.0 74.4 25.6 83.49 16.51 Batangas 14.7 85.3 17.0 83.0 27.0 73.0 44.35 55.65 Rizal 53.0 47.0 75.0 25.0 98.2 1.8 95.79 4.21 Quezon 28.3 71.7 29.1 70.9 32.9 67.1 21.96 78.04 Source: Provincial Development and Framework Plans of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon

ANNEX F Philippine Urbanization Levels by Region

Source: National Housing Development Framework 2001-2030

Annex Figure No. 2: Philippine Urbanization Level by Region, 2000 (in percent)


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ANNEX G Significant Improvements of the Calabarzon Road Network Prior to the 1970s, the only access road to Calabarzon was the national highway that also connected Pasig and Baclaran to Las Piñas. Shortly, thereafter, massive infrastructure investments translated to the construction of new roads and the improvement of existing roads and bridges began to be effected in Calabarzon. During this time, the road network in Metro Manila was extended to the region through radial roads resulting to traffic from Manila to the surrounding provinces. Among the major roads in the region which provide connectivity to other regions are the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), Marcos Highway, Manila East Road, and the Manila South Road. The SLEX, the longest expressway in the country at 97-kilometers starts from the Paco District in Manila and passes though Laguna, Cavite, Batangas and Quezon. This is part of Radial Road 3 or R-3 and is composed of three expressways: the Metro Manila Skyway System, the South Luzon Tollway also known as Alabang-Calamba-SantoTomas Expressway (ACTEX) and the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR). Another major road of the region is the Marcos Highway which traverses Antipolo City, Rizal and terminates in Infant, Quezon. This is part of Radial Road 6 or R-6 that continues all the way to Quezon City. In Rizal, one of the major roads is the Manila East Road. This originates from Canto and connects the area to Laguna and Quezon. Another significant improvement of the Calabarzon road network is the Manila South Road (MSR) which was completed in 1975. The MSR connects Manila and Calabarzon to the Bicol Region. MSR is part of 2,500-kilometer Maharlika also known as Pan-Philippine Highway network of roads, bridges and ferry services that connects the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Pan-Philippine Highway serves as the country's principal infrastructure backbone.

ANNEX H Technical Notes on Calabarzon Agriculture Sugar Sugar was being exported by the Philippines to China as early as the 1750s and a century later, it became the top export commodity of the country. When the Spaniards arrived, they saw the realized potentials of the industry and proceeded to acquire arable lands in Cavite, Laguna and Rizal. The Dominican Order, in particular, was positioned in the haciendas of Laguna where sugar mills and irrigation systems were in place. At its peak, friar lands in Calabarzon comprised 60 percent of the total lands in the region. Upon the arrival of the Americans, the friar lands were developed into sugar centers such as the Batangas and Calamba Sugar Estates, which produced raw and centrifugal sugar that was exported to the United States tariff-free. In 1943, however, the US sugar quota system was established to guarantee and protect the growth of the Philippine sugar industry.


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Since its heyday from the 1940s to 1960s, the sugar industry in Calabarzon began to experience a steady decline, brought about by an end to the US quota system, US protectionist policies for its own sugar industry, the steep fall in world sugar prices and the emerging availability of substitutes such as high fructose corn syrup. Thus and despite contributing about 10 percent to national production, sugar producers began to look into other crops or other uses for their land. Portions of sugar estates in Laguna were converted to industrial estates beginning in mid-1980s. This was followed by a drop in regional production, from 550,000 metric tons in the early 1990s down to a measly 10,000 metric tons in the 2000s (Bureau of Agricultural Statistics). However and despite the obvious shift in Laguna, the Batangas sugar industry continued to thrive in the municipalities of Lian, Balayan, Tuy, Nasugbu and Calatagan. In particular, the Central Azucarera Don Pedro, Inc. (CADPI) in Nasugbu and the Batangas Sugar Central, Inc. in Balayan generated nearly 30 percent of the country's total sugar revenue in 1995-2000. As a result, about 25 percent of Batangas' sugar lands were retained and the industry continues to flourish in the province. Coconut As early as 1642, coconut oil was the preferred fuel source for Spanish galleons - as a result, Spanish colonizers set quotas to increase coconut cultivation in selected Philippine villages. Coconut was extensively cultivated in the provinces of Quezon (particularly Tayabas and Infanta), Laguna and Batangas. Local coconut oil was used as fuel for petroleum lamps. Eventually, copra, a coconut by-product, gained importance in the foreign market (i.e. China), further increasing land areas devoted to coconut. In 1926, about 99 percent of the US desiccated coconut demand was being supplied by the Philippines. During World War II, coco exports to the US were sustained due to the high demand for glycerin, an extract from coconut oil, in the manufacture of explosives.

In the 1950s, copra was largely exported to Europe and US. During this time, the 1955 Laurel-Langley Trade Agreement provided legal protection that encouraged coconut oil and copra production for US exports. In 1965, among the most noted and largest copra and coconut oil exporters in the country, Peter Paul Philippine Corporation and Franklin Baker were located in Candelaria, Quezon and San Pablo, Laguna, respectively. With higher global prices for coconut oil in 1970s, more coconut-based oil industries were actively traded in the international market. The industry benefited further from lower export taxes and strong government support to the coconut industry as a whole. Among the notable Calabarzon-based Source: 1981 Coconut Statistics

Annex Figure No.3: Shares of Major Coconut Exports to Total Coconut, Exports, Philippines, 1969 to 1981


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Philippine oil exporting companies in 1977 were the San Pablo Manufacturing Corporation and the Philippine Refining Company. From 1969 to 1981, there was a shift from the focus on exporting copra to coconut oil (CNO). The share of copra to total coconut exports went down from 57 percent at its peak to a measly 5.6 percent in 1980s. Conversely, CNO export share grew from 36.0 percent to 89.0 percent during the period. Desiccated coconut consistently contributed less than 8 percent of the coconut exports. During this period, coconut products for domestic consumption were kept at a minimum to provide for world demand. Though over-mature or senile coconut trees partly decelerated the growth of coco industry, coconut and its products still contributed about 20 percent to the total exports of the country. Though countries producing coconut oil substitutes (palm oil and soybean oil) were gaining substantial inroads, coconut oil remains one of the country's top agricultural exports. Aside from coconut oil, copra and desiccated coconut, non-traditional coco-based products such as nata de coco, virgin coconut oil and coco fiber gained global demand at the dawn of the 21st century. Rice and Corn The municipalities of Biñan and Sta. Rosa in Laguna began as irrigated ‘haciendas’ under the Dominican friars, although rice was already a significant crop in the region even before the Spanish colonial period. At the onset of Green Revolution in the 1960s, traditional rice varieties were replaced by modern varieties characterized by high-yielding capacity, but fertilizer-intensive and requiring irrigation technology. Laguna province, known as the ‘heartland of the Green Revolution,’ was recorded as the earliest and most complete adoption of modern varieties in the whole of tropical Asia. One significant result of such revolution was rice self-sufficiency of the country and rice exportation in 1968. In the late 1970s, intensified rice and corn programs were launched to provide farmers assistance to credit, irrigation, production inputs and market assistance. Thus, these programs increased the production of rice and corn for food and feed grains in the region. In 1988, the region recorded a 5 percent share from total national palay production. About 412,000 hectares were planted to rice, with majority of these areas coming from Quezon province. Major irrigated rice fields were also located along the Laguna de Bay, northern Cavite province and western Batangas, covered by national (28,000 hectares) and communal (11,000 hectares) irrigation systems. On the other hand, corn production in the province, mostly from Batangas, accounted for 4 percent of total national produce. The continuous effort in the sector boosted the country’s grain production. Self-sufficiency in corn was also achieved during this period. However and despite the enactment of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) in 1997, manufacturing industries began to locate in areas used as Calabarzon rice lands. Coupled by higher production costs and a substantial reduction in rain fed areas, palay production significantly plummeted, making the region a net importer of rice. In 2002, only less than 18percent of the total palay consumption of the region was covered by the local production, with the remaining 80 percent imported mainly from Mindoro, Central Luzon and Mindanao. Nevertheless, demand for corn increased in consonance with the rapidly expanding livestock industry the region.


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Coffee In the 1880s, the Philippines became fourth largest coffee exporter in the world and the best Philippine coffees came from Batangas, Cavite and Laguna. Batangas coffee, more commonly known as “Kapeng Barako,” planted in the towns of Lipa, San Jose, Ibaan and Tanauan, also gained a strong following in Manila. However, coffee plantations in the country were almost wiped out due to a coffee leaf rust epidemic in 1894. Shortly afterwards, South America took over the Philippine’s position in supplying to global coffee demands. A coffee development program initiated in the 1960s resulted to improved quality and volume of coffee production in the country. Since then, coffee exports picked up from 1977 to 1989. In the 1990s, 10 percent of national coffee production came from the province of Cavite (particularly in the towns of Amadeo, Silang, Alfonso, Indang, Mendez, General Aguinaldo and Tagaytay City). Lately, Cavite supplied coffee to large multinational companies and exported their beans to Japan and Singapore. Mango, Pineapple and Banana Calabarzon used to be among the top five regions producing mango, banana, and pineapple, which were grown in the provinces of Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. However, regional production was insignificant compared to that of big producers in Mindanao. Thus, when demand for land increased for industrial and residential use, areas planted to these crops became susceptible to conversion. Timber and Other Forest Products During the Spanish colonial era, forest products were mostly controlled and consumed by the Spanish regime, thus local exploitation of commercial forests for timber was severely limited. Nevertheless and while some lowland forests were converted to agricultural crop plantations, Quezon province remained the center of all logging activities in the region. It was during the American period that the Philippine forestry sector was established and developed and the country became one of the top exporters of lumber to the US. Logging operations did not stop during the Japanese occupation and increased further during the post-war era as the demands for timber and lumber products increased.

Until the 1980s, the country was a significant global player in exporting tropical hardwood logs and lumber but due to massive deforestation, the country eventually became a net importer of tropical hardwood logs by 1990. Though production of logs and lumber picked up in the mid-2000s, the country’s forest products contribute less than 0.1 percent to total exports. Livestock and Poultry Commercial livestock farms and large slaughterhouses are located in the provinces of Quezon, Cavite (Dasmariñas and Tagaytay) and Batangas (Rosario, Padre Garcia, San Juan, Malvar, Laurel and Lipa City). The region is considered a showcase area for livestock and poultry trade. For instance, slaughterhouses with water treatment facilities were first modeled in Sta. Cruz, Laguna, while Padre Garcia is host to the biggest cattle auction market in the country. These features are enhanced by the fact that Batangas is part of the main Philippine nautical highway route, positively impacting on the region’s livestock and poultry and feed milling industries.


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Fishery Calabarzon has bountiful marine resources attributed to its rich major fishing areas, among them: Manila Bay in Cavite, Balayan Bay, Batangas Bay, Batangas Coast and Verde Island Passage in Batangas and Tayabas, Bay Ragay Gulf and Lamon Bay in Quezon. Dominant marine species in the region include: rounds cad (galunggong), frigate tuna (tulingan), slip mouth (sapsap), anchovies (dilis), grouper (lapu-lapu), threadfin bream (bisugo) and Indian mackerel (alumahan). Freshwater lakes and inland waters in the Laguna de Bay, Taal Lake and San Pablo Seven Lakes are the primary source of fresh water fish. Taal Lake is known as the only source of maliputo and tawilis. Recently, production of Pangasius, a high value commercial fish, is now being propagated in some parts of the region, particularly Laguna. Municipal marine and inland areas are traditional fishing grounds in the region, which contributes 40 percent to the region’s total fishery production - aquaculture contributes 30 percent while commercial fishing contributes 20 percent to the region's total fishery output. The shift towards aquaculture was noted with the enactment of Republic Act 8550 also known as the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. Employment in the Agriculture Sector In the 1970s, more than half of the working force in the region was engaged in agriculture and primarily employed in coconut and sugarcane plantations. At the turn of the century (2000), only a quarter of the working population was employed in the sector. This decreased further to 19 percent in 2008. A significant shift of workers from agriculture to the non-agricultural sector was noted beginning in the 1990s.

Annex Figure No. 4: Calabarzon Fisheries Production by Sector, (in metric tons), 1998 to 2009

Source: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources


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Source: National Statistics Office

Annex Figure No. 5: Percent Share of Employment in the Agriculture Sector to Total Employment, Calabarzon, 1970-2008

ANNEX I The Contribution of EcoZones to the Calabarzon Economy Before the passage of the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) Law in 1995, only a handful of industrial parks and export processing zones operated in the Calabarzon area. Thereafter, significant numbers of private-led Industrial Estates (IEs) were built and operated mostly in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas to take advantage of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives provided under the law. In addition, the presence of road infrastructure, power and communication facilities enhanced the region’s strategic location and ample space ideal for industrial operation offered by these provinces. These Economic Zones (EcoZones) housed the large export-oriented manufacturing firms that produce mostly semi-conductors, electronics, garments and transportation equipment. From 1993-2002, the region’s industry sector became a significant contributor to the regional economy at an annual average of 43 percent. This was largely driven by the manufacturing industry, which accounted for almost a third of the regional economy and contributed an average of 20 percent to the national output in manufacturing. During this same period, the manufacturing industry in Calabarzon was the country’s top producer of exports products.


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ANNEX J Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Defined MSMEs are defined as any business activity or enterprise engaged in industry, agri-business and/or services, whether single proprietorship, partnership, cooperative or corporation, whose total assets inclusive of those arising from loans but exclusive of the land on which the particular business entity’s office) must have a value falling under the classification shown in Annex Table No. 4.

Annex Table No. 4: Classification of MSMEs in the Philippines Category Asset Size (in PhP) No. of Employees

Micro Below 3,000,000 1 to 9 Small 3,000,001 to 15,000,000 10 to 99

Medium 15,000,001 to 100,000,000 100 to 199 Large Greater than 100,000,000 200 and above

Source: Republic Act 9501 or Magna Carta for MSMEs The region has the second largest employment in MSMEs next to NCR accounting to about 16 percent of the national MSME employment in 2008. Employments in MSMEs are concentrated in the following: trade/industry (wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing) and services (hotel and restaurant, education) as shown in Annex Table No. 5 below.

Annex Table No. 5: Regional Distribution of MSMEs by Sector, 2008

Industry TOTAL Total Employment

MICRO SMALL MEDIUM LARGE CALABARZON 895,060 230,426 158,751 62,089 443,794 Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry 7,280 1,324 4,290 1,666 s2

Fishing 874 322 552 - - Mining and Quarrying 343 42 301 - - Manufacturing 500,203 37,747 44,820 36,647 380,989 Electricity, Gas and Water 10,397 205 2,617 1,940 5,635 Construction 7,802 639 2,219 667 4,277 Wholesale and Retail Trade 152,742 109,353 31,542 4,029 7,818 Hotels and Restaurants 52,291 30,081 19,574 2,636 s2

Transport, Storage and Communications 9,530 1,576 3,205 1,646 3,103 Financial Intermediation 21,936 10,981 8,565 519 1,871 Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 39,136 11,965 4,087 2,543 20,541 Education 46,261 4,897 26,147 6,111 9,106 Health and Social Work 18,798 6,655 4,405 3,366 4,372 Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities

27,467 14,639 6,427 1,367 5,034

The 2008 List of Establishments was based on Field Updating conducted by the office in barangays with growth centers, other areas where significant change in status/updates of establishments were observed to have occurred and updates from feedbacks on the surveys undertaken by the office and supplemented by lists from different secondary sources. s2 - combined with employment size "medium" - no data available Source: NSO – Industry and Trade Statistics Department Statistical Sampling and Operations Division On microfinance, CALABARZON (Region IV-A) ranked third on the highest amount of loan releases from July 2004 to April 2010. The region posted a total ofP16.408 billion offered to 631,938


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beneficiaries for lending. Meanwhile, Regions III and II were the top regions in providing loans through microfinance facilities. These loaning facilities greatly benefitted small entrepreneurs and propelled development and economic activities in the regions.

Annex Table 6. Top Regional Microfinance Accomplishments (July 2004 to April 2010)

Region Loans Released (in billion PhP)

No. of Beneficiaries

III 33.849 763,406 II 18.235 431,866 IV-A 16.408 631,938 VII 14.495 734,511 X 13.671 409,511 VI 13.241 619,840

Source: Department of Trade and Industry

ANNEX K Technical Notes on Land Use Conversions and Tenurial Instruments Annex Table No. 7: Land Use Conversions in the Philippines, 1988-1997a/ Location Area (Hectares) Percent Share to Total Philippines 56,168.54 100.0 NCR 83.11 0.2 Region 4 (includes Calabarzon) 25,108.56 44.7 Region 3 11,025.71 19.6 Other Regions 19,951.16 35.5 a/ This includes agricultural lands converted by the rezoning act of the local government prior to 1988 (i.e. enactment of the CARP Law) Source: DAR-Presidential Agrarian Reform Council (PARC)

Annex Table No. 8: Status of Land Conversion in Calabarzon, 1984-1999

Province Agricultural Land Converted

(Hectares)

Distribution of Agricultural Lands Converted to Other Use, by Major Category ( percent)

Commercial Industrial Residential Others Batangas 4,705.4080 7.47 16.61 66.90 9.03 Cavite 4,081.9611 1.86 18.84 57.84 21.46 Laguna 2,325.3478 14.09 31.41 50.67 3.83 Quezon 532.9240 7.70 0.47 60.57 31.26 Rizal 961.6671 27.73 1.24 68.71 2.31 Total 12,607.3080 8.43 18.21 60.84 12.52 Source: DAR-Center for Land Use, Policy Planning and Implementation (CLUPPI) * Commercial, industrial and residential includes mixed and related use, residential includes resettlement and socialized housing, other includes agriculture, aquaculture, eco-tourism, memorial parks and SHOPC From 1988 to 1997, nearly half of land conversions occurred in Region 4. For about the same time period, it was determined that most of these converted lands were used for residential purposes - accounting for over 50 percent of all end-uses across all provinces and indicating a real estate boom in the region. The conversion towards industrial use was most significantly noted in Laguna, wherein over 30 percent of converted lands were used for EcoZones, industrial estates and similar types of development.


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Annex Table No. 9: Summary of Tenurial Instruments Issued in Calabarzon, 2003

Kind of Tenurial Instruments Number Area (hectare) Community-Based Forest Management Agreement 45 18,127.06 Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement 6 2,740.00 Industrial Forest Management Agreement 4 49,189.00 Private Forest Development Agreement 1 1,840.72 Forestland Grazing Management Agreement 3 333.00 Tree Farm Lease Agreement 3 590 Agro-forest Farm Lease Agreement 8 6,667.00 Special Private Land Timber License 1 27,851.79 Industrial Tree Plantation Lease Agreement 3 482.00 Total 74 107,820.57 Source: DENR Region IV-A, Forest Management Service On the other hand, issued tenurial instruments covering nearly 90 percent of Calabarzon forest areas include Industrial and Community-Based Forest Management Agreements as well as one Special Private Timber License.

ANNEX L Milestones in Calabarzon Planning and Governance 1. Strengthened National, Regional and Local Planning Linkages While vertical consistency of plans was not a major concern during the early years of regional planning, there was recognition of the need for national and local collaboration, especially in the process of plan preparation. The specific approach employed to address this constraint was to build and improve on the capacities of technical planning staff. Thus, the Planning Assistance to Rural Areas (PASTORA) and Statistical Manpower Development Program (SMDP) were conceived and implemented in the late 70’s to the early 80’s. These two projects introduced local officials and their technical staff to planning techniques, including the use of scientific and statistical analysis. 2. Promotion of the Growth Corridor Approach Considering that the Southern Tagalog Region was huge and with diverse levels of development and natural resources endowments between and among its provinces, the corridor development concept was introduced as a spatial strategy. The whole of STR was subdivided into Urban Growth Corridor Development (UGCD) and Resource Sub-region Growth Corridor for Agro-Modernization (RSGCA) areas. UGCD areas were those provinces adjacent to NCR: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon which eventually became Calabarzon. The implementation of the strategy spurred the growth of the region, which positioned itself as a counter-magnet to the growth spillover of Metro Manila and with the private sector playing the lead role in providing investments for economic development. 3. Introduction of the Cluster Planning Approach One significant policy that impacted on regional planning is the passage of the Local Government Code (LGC) in 1991. The RDPs as well as local development plans after 1991 were prepared with local autonomy as the backdrop, in contrast with earlier plans which were elaborations of national development plans.


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The enactment of the LGC initially posed various challenges not only in service delivery but also in development planning, among them, the integration and harmonization of local development plans with sectoral and national development plans. This problem was compounded by ‘turf’ issues among agencies engaged in sub-national level planning, the proliferation of sectoral and master plans to address various concerns as advocated by donor agencies and civil society organizations (CSO), and inadequate competencies of local planners, among others.

These problems have since been addressed at the RDC level and through the use of other inter-agency mechanisms, such as the Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 1, s. 2007 by the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Budget and Management (DBM), Department of Finance (DOF) and NEDA. The JMC, which resulted to the issuance of guidelines on planning, budgeting, expenditure management and resource generation, is expected to ensure a Synchronized Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (SBPPBS).

The cluster planning approach was pilot tested in selected highly urbanized and urbanizing cities and municipalities under the CALA Project, serving as a test area for harmonizing local development plans. Through this project, inter-local cooperation was promoted as key for sustainable local development. The gains on inter-local cooperation from the CALA Project and government agencies-LGU partnerships on capacity building and implementation of high impact projects were sustained through regular meetings with key stakeholders. In these meetings, usually convened by NEDA, critical issues pertaining to LGUs, on-going projects and upcoming regional activities form part of the agenda for discussion. Because of its effectivity, the essence of this approach is still being used today. 4. Highlighted Public-Private Partnership, Volunteerism and Participatory Planning Approaches as Key Development Strategies The recognition of the important role of the private sector and CSOs in economic development brought about a transformation in the plan strategies and in the process of plan preparation. The shift fit well within the Calabarzon context, as development in the region became increasingly private sector-led. A number of business organizations implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in various communities expressed willingness to invest in the region. Volunteer groups likewise became more actively involved in development work in Calabarzon. Given this trend, MTRDPs prepared since 1987 were done in consultation with the private sector and CSOs using participatory planning tools. Public and private participation is harnessed in the RDC, where at least 25 percent of its members come from business organizations and CSOs. The private sector representatives in the RDC are among the most active nationwide, evidenced by their attendance during meetings, teambuilding activities and strategic planning sessions and in the conduct of their own initiated activities. PSRs are also often designated as chairpersons of major RDC committees. As another way of promoting private sector participation, the RDC sustained efforts to strengthen volunteerism in the region. The RDC collaborated with the Philippine National Volunteers Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA) in giving recognition to the efforts of volunteers who have contributed to regional development. The RDC also initiated discussions on maximizing volunteerism as a development strategy.


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5. Mainstreaming of Various Advocacies into the Regional Development Agenda The region promoted the preparation of various sectoral plans on children, youth, women, gender and development (GAD) and local poverty reduction, among others. The preparation of these sectoral plans mainstreamed the issues of marginalized groups and basic sectors in the development agenda. Using the sectoral approach to planning, however, resulted to poorly crafted plans resulting to the duplication of programs and poor utilization of funds. These sector plans were also localized, exacerbating the difficulty of local planning offices in integrating them with other agenda in a coherent manner. Thus, the strengthening of regional and local bodies became a priority concern. Through the RDC, regional interagency teams provided technical assistance to capacitate various local bodies on plan and policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation (M & E) and the establishment of a database system that would integrate data and information pertaining to regional socioeconomic performance. New planning guidelines on Provincial/Local Planning and Expenditure Management (PLPEM) also provided a systematic mechanism for the mainstreaming of diverse concerns without having to prepare separate sectoral plans. New advocacies for integration include disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation and human rights-based planning approach. 6. Improved Planning Tools and Local Level Databasing for More Effective Poverty Diagnosis and Tracking In Calabarzon, the RDC endorsed the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) as a standard, region-wide instrument to generate local level data on poverty. The Regional KALAHI Convergence Group (RKCG), on the other hand, facilitated the adoption of common target areas and pooling of resources as an approach to address poverty. Public and private organizations, directly or indirectly working for poverty alleviation, also saw the value of relating their organization’s desired outcomes with poverty alleviation. 7. Conduct of Monitoring and Performance Evaluation A comprehensive Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System (RPMES) was adopted in 1989 in line with the government’s thrust on accountability and transparency. The system provides a scheme for monitoring and evaluating projects at the national, regional, provincial/city and municipal levels, with the extensive and active participation of various government agencies, local government units and non-government organizations (NGOs) at all levels. In Calabarzon, monitoring is conducted to determine status of project implementation and evaluation which are then used to determine the achievement of regional goals and objectives. Evaluation is documented through a Program Implementation Review (PIR). Related to evaluation is the performance assessment of LGUs. DILG implemented the web-based Local Governance Performance Management System (LGPMS) in 2005 to determine LGUs performance and state of development based on governance and development indicators. The LGPMS allows LGUs and other users to easily generate online reports, including local governance performance, state of local development, financial performance and e-summary reports, and at the provincial, regional or national levels. The system was implemented in Calabarzon in 2009.


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8. Establishment of a Regional Government Center Calamba City in Laguna was designated as the Regional Government Center (RGC) in 1991and affirmed in 2003. The establishment of the RGC was done based on the need to strengthen coordination between regional line agencies (RLAs) and LGUs and for RLAs to better cater to the demands of their clientele in Calabarzon. To date, 18 regional line agencies have already transferred to Calamba City. 9. Implementation of E-Governance and Initiatives in Improving the Ease of Doing Business The advent of information and communications and technology (ICT) brought about transformations to government operations. Through e-governance, the processes of transacting with government agencies and disseminating information on public programs and services to the people were expected to accelerate. The potential presented by emerging technologies on computer systems, database management, and interactive transactions were identified as important tools for regional ICT. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) established the National Economic Research and Business Action Center (NERBAC). The NERBAC provides entrepreneurs and investors with information on business opportunities in Calabarzon. It also facilitates the processing of requirements for business establishments - including credit services - through a one-stop action center. 10. Sustained Capacities of LGUs to Generate their Own Income In 1995, all the provinces of Calabarzon were classified as being of first income class. Two years prior, only Rizal held that distinction - with Batangas, Laguna, and Quezon being second income class provinces and Cavite being third class. The upgrading of the income classification of the provinces in 1995 may be attributed to industrialization and urbanization especially in the provinces of Batangas, Cavite, and Laguna; and an increase in per capita income particularly in Quezon. The upgrading also indicates sustained capacities of Calabarzon provinces to generate their own income outside of their IRAs.


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ANNEX M Technical Notes on Calabarzon Employment and Unemployment Rates In 2004, the region's labor force grew by only 2.6 percent, while labor force participation rate increased slightly at about 0.2 percent compared from the previous year. The employment rate for the period is 85.8 percent. This is slightly lower than the Plan target (90 percent) but higher by 1.2 percent from the previous year. In absolute terms, the region was able to generate 116,000 new jobs for the period. However, the unemployment rate in 2004 posted a marginal increase of 0.33 percent compared to the previous year. New jobs were created from aggregate employment expansion in the services (3.2 percent), industry (4.8 percent) and agriculture (1.0 percent) sectors. Employment from the services sector was related primarily to wholesale and retail trade (e.g. malls and department stores), repair services, transport, storage and communications services. On the other hand, employment from the industry sector came from food processing, textiles and garments and electronics and automobile parts. The improved industrial peace condition as manifested by a 50 percent reduction in the number of actual strikes also contributed to the positive performance of the sector. During this period, it is notable that employment in the agriculture sector increased, despite their seasonal nature and the effects of typhoons that struck the region in the latter period of the year. In 2005, the employment rate rose minimally at 1 percent. Out of 220,000 persons in the region that joined the labor force for the period, only two-thirds were able to get job. This is attributed to the lowered investments brought about by the USD 42 to 62 increase in world crude prices leading to a surge in production and power costs and exacerbated by political instability. However, the unemployment rate in 2005 posted a decrease from 14.25 percent to 13.92 percent. In 2006, the region's employment rate grew by 1.31 percent, which is directly translated to the creation of 129,000 new jobs. This is reinforced by a 1.57 percent decline in unemployment (46,000 jobs), due to the growth of the agriculture, hunting and forestry and fishing subsectors. The expansion of employment in agriculture was driven by impressive growth in the livestock and poultry, and seaweeds and aquaculture activities. The services and industry sectors respectively accounted for 54 and 27 percents of overall employment in the region in 2006. Calabarzon maintains a 57 percent ratio of employed to working age persons, making it the largest employer in the nation next to NCR.


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ANNEX N Technical Notes on Poverty in Calabarzon The per capita food and poverty threshold in Calabarzon is higher than that of the entire Philippines, but lower than that of NCR and Region III. Among its provinces, Cavite has the highest food and poverty thresholds for 2009, followed by Rizal, Batangas, Laguna and Quezon.

Annex Table No. 10: Annual Per Capita Food and Poverty Threshold, 2003, 2006 and 2009 Region/Province Annual Per Capita

Food Threshold Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold

(in PhP) (in PhP)

2003 2006 2009 2003 2006 2009

PHILIPPINES 7,577 9,257 11,686 10,976 13,348 16,841

NCR 9,776 11,515 13,831 13,997 16,487 19,802

Region III 8,902 10,719 13,308 12,771 15,374 18,981

Region IV-A 8,539 9,901 12,278 12,394 14,284 17,779

Batangas b/ 8,858 10,292 12,559 12,708 14,716 18,089

Cavite b/ 9,735 11,449 14,040 13,976 16,350 20,163

Laguna b/ 8,336 9,685 12,150 11,939 13,970 17,295

Quezon b/ 8,098 9,429 11,612 11,628 13,474 16,652

Rizal b/ 9,195 10,553 13,015 13,100 15,162 18,717

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

Poverty incidence in Calabarzon is lower than that of the entire Philippines and Region III, but higher than that for NCR. Among its provinces, Quezon registered the highest poverty incidence in 2009, followed by Batangas. On the other hand, the lowest poverty incidence for the same period was noted in the province of Cavite. The data also shows a significant difference between the poverty incidence among families and population. In 2009, the poverty incidence among population of 13.9 percent is 3.6 percentage points higher than the poverty incidence among families.

Annex Table No. 11: Poverty Incidence Among Families and Population: 2003, 2006 and 2009 Region/ Province Poverty Incidence

Among Families Poverty Incidence Among Population

2003 2006 2009 2003 2006 2009 Philippines 20 21.1 20.9 24.9 26.4 26.5 NCR 2.1 3.4 2.6 3.2 5.4 4 Region III 9.4 12 12 12.4 15.2 15.3 Region IV-A 9.2 9.4 10.3 12.1 12.3 13.9

Batangas 13.8 12.7 14 18.5 16.4 18.8 Cavite 4.8 4.2 4.5 6.7 6.2 6.4 Laguna 5.2 4.5 5.9 6.8 5.7 8 Quezon 23.2 26.7 24.5 28.8 35.2 32.5 Rizal 2.9 2.7 6.5 4.3 3.6 9.5



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The subsistence incidence in Calabarzon is lower than that for the Philippines and Region III, but higher than that for NCR. Among its provinces, Quezon registered the highest incidence of subsistence among families and population, followed by Batangas. The lowest subsistence incidence, on the other hand, was noted in the province of Cavite.

Annex Table No. 12: Subsistence Incidence Among Families and Population,

by Region and Province: 2003, 2006 and 2009 Region/ Province

Subsistence Incidence Among Families (percent)

Subsistence Incidence Among Population (percent)

2003 2006 2009 2003 2006 2009

PHILIPPINES 8.2 8.7 7.9 11.1 11.7 10.8

NCR 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.6 Region III 2.3 3.7 3.7 3.3 4.9 5.0

Region IV-A 2.4 2.8 2.4 3.3 4.0 3.7

Batangas b/ 3.8 4.6 4.3 5.2 6.3 6.1

Cavite b/ 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.8

Laguna b/ 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.3

Quezon b/ 7.7 8.0 5.9 9.6 11.9 9.6

Rizal b/ 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.0 2.5


Calabarzon has more poor families compared to NCR and Region III. Among its provinces, Quezon had the most number of people and families that are classified as poor, followed by Batangas, Rizal, Laguna and lastly, Cavite. Poor families in Quezon and Batangas were mostly located in remote upland and seashore areas and engaged mainly in farming and fishing activities. Annex Table No. 13: Share to Total Poor Families and Population, by Selected Regions and Province: 2003, 2006 and 2009

Percent Share to Total Poor Families Percent Share to Total Poor Population

2003 2006 2009 2003 2006 2009

NCR 1.5 2.2 1.7 1.8 2.7 1.9

Region III 5.2 6.2 6.3 5.5 6.3 6.3

Region IV-A 6.1 5.7 6.4 6.3 5.9 6.8

Batangas 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.8

Cavite 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8

Laguna 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8

Quezon 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.5

Rizal 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.9

PHILIPPINES 100 100 100 100 100 100

Total No. of Poor Families (Phils.)

3,293,096 3,670,791 3,855,730

Total No. of Poor Population (Phils.)

19,796,954 22,173,190 23,142,481



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Metro Manila35%

Central Visayas

12%Calabarzon

23%

Central Luzon

8%

All Other Regions

22%

Annex Figure No. 6: Distribution of Approved EcoZones in the Philippines, 2006

Laguna46%

Batangas29%

Cavite25%

Annex Figure No. 7: Distribution of Approved EcoZones in Calabarzon, 2006

ANNEX O Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Industry Sector EcoZones accelerated the growth of the industry sector in Calabarzon. In 2006, 23 percent of all approved EcoZones in the Philippines were located in the region. Laguna hosted nearly half of these industrial developments, with the remaining share distributed between Cavite and Batangas.

The Calabarzon Region is considered as a vital component of a production network of industrial manufacturing clusters, envisioned under the framework of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) to be established by 2015. This was affirmed during the ASEAN summit in Cebu in 2007 and highlighted during the 14th ASEAN Summit held in Thailand in February 2009. One aim of the AEC is to liberalize and facilitate flows of investment in order to attract foreign direct investments (FDIs). Another aim is to deepen the ASEAN members’ participation in production networks, such as Bangkok’s Eastern Seaboard regions that host the automotive cluster in Thailand, Indonesia’s JABODETABEK, and the Philippines’ Calabarzon manufacturing centers. Most of the major manufacturing activities in the country are located in the Calabarzon, as such; the region has established itself as an important regional manufacturing center of the country. Of the 117,624 manufacturing establishments in the country in 2007, 15 percent or 17,593 establishments were located in Calabarzon. Likewise, 15 percent of the total number of establishments, estimated to be about 783,870 in 2007, is based in Calabarzon. Calabarzon’s manufacturing industry accounted for 20 percent of the national production in 2005. Manufacturing activities in Calabarzon are driven mainly by large export-oriented firms located in the region’s industrial estates or ecozones. This increased to 24 percent in succeeding years, of the 179 PEZA registered economic zones in the country, 44 were to locate in the region. Most of these developments were created through joint ventures between local and foreign partners, and engaged in a wide variety of product specialization from high-technology electronics/semi-conductor equipment to auto assembly plants, food, processing, shipbuilding and ecotourism.

Source: PEZA

Source: PEZA


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Annex Table No. 14: PEZA Registered Economic Zones in Calabarzon, 2005

Source: Philippine Economic Zone Authority Although the share of the industry sector in the GRDP averaged over 40 percent annually from 2003 to 2009, the sector posted a decreasing share in the country’s total Gross Value Added (GVA) for industry (15.1 percent in 2007 to 13.8 percent in 2009). The global financial meltdown adversely affected the performance of the industry sector, particularly manufacturing which registered a negative 5.1 percent growth in 2009 from negative 0.2 percent in 2008. The negative 3.5 percent growth of the fuel, light, water (FLW) subsector in 2009 likewise contributed to the decrease in sectoral performance. The manufacturing and FLW comprise 73 and 13 percent, respectively, of the total industry sector output. In 2004, the government reported a P21.62 billion (or 22.5 percent) exports increase from economic zones, covering the period from January to August. Top performers include Laguna Technopark Inc. (USD 5.38 billion), a consistent performer; followed by Gateway Business Park (USD 2.99 billion); and Lima Technology Center (USD 520.28 million). Export revenues generated in 2005 contributed USD 32 billion or 67.56 percent of total Philippine exports. This represents a 50 percent expansion (from 11 percent in 1996) of the region’s export share to the national total. ANNEX P Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Services Sector Growth in the services sector is attributed to the growth in private construction, real estate and communications in the region, fueled by low interest rates and strong remittance from OFWs. Developments include high-end leisure projects, individual high-end to medium-end house and lot packages in Laguna, Cavite and Rizal, as well as Lipa and Antipolo Cities. The emergence of services required by economic zone locators such as machine calibration, water testing, bank and financial services, telecommunications, transportation, logistics and storage services and information technology and business process outsourcing (IT-BPO) further diversified the sector’s economic activities. However, the services sector suffered from the effects of the global financial crisis, which lowered its growth rate compared to national levels and fell short of attaining annual targets set during the

Province Number Nature/orientation Cavite 13 High tech; electronics/semi-conductor equipment

manufacturers; ship building Laguna 17 High tech; electronics/semi-conductor equipment, manufacturers;

auto assembly plants; food, processing/manufacturing

Batangas 12 agro-industrial processing; shipbuilding; ecotourism Rizal 2 agro-industrial processing; eco-tourism

Calabarzon 44


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previous planning periods. Notwithstanding this, services sector was the only sector among all those present in the region that registered positive growth despite the global financial crisis. The trade subsector which comprises almost one half of the services sector grew only by 0.7 percent in 2008 and 0.2 percent in 2009. Ownership of dwellings and real estate (ODRE), which comprises a sizable output of the services sector, also recorded negative 2.9 percent growth in 2009. The negative growth for ODRE was caused partly by the decrease in demand for residential houses by OFWs who have been affected by the global financial crisis, coupled by increase in demand for more office spaces from BPOs and ICT companies. The finance and government service subsectors respectively posted 11.8 percent and 5.5 percent growth rates and contributed to the rally of the services sector. This was supplemented by the finance subsector, which also performed strongly due to decreasing interest rates and a stronger peso. While government spending increased, especially with the implementation of various anti-poverty programs, the private services subsector (through IT-BPO, hotels, health and wellness providers, commercial centers and tourism) showed a modest growth in 2009 at 4.7 percent. Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing From 2006 to 2009, the global IT-BPO market for offshore services grew at an annual average rate of about 15 percent. India was the early pioneer in this industry and has held the leading position globally by capitalizing on its large base of skilled professionals and organizing effectively around this opportunity to tap global markets. The value of the global market for offshore IT-BPO services industry grew from around USD 68 billion in 2006 to USD 104 billion in 2009. In 2010, it was estimated to range from USD 105 billion to USD 125 billion according to the Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP). In the Philippines, IT takes a larger share in terms of the offshore services market size, based on 2006-2010 data. Collectively, IT-BPO revenues in the Philippines reached over USD 7 billion and employment totaled 442,000 in 2009 compared to less than USD 100 million in profits in 2001. Within this short period of time, the Philippines established itself as second only to India in the provision of IT-BPO services globally.

Annex Figure No. 8: Global Offshore Service Market Size In the Philippines: 2006-2010

Source: Business Processing Association of the Philippines


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Annex Figure No. 9: IT-BPO Revenues in the Philippines, 2004-2009 (in PhP 000,000)

Source: Business Processing Association of the Philippines

Annex Figure No. 10: IT-BPO Employment in the Philippines, 2004-2009 (in ’000)

Source: Business Processing Association of the Philippines The Philippines was able to achieve rapid industry growth as a result of several intrinsic strengths critical to IT-BPO service providers and customers. In a strategic plan for the industry, formulated by BPAP with McKinsey & Co, Offshoring and Outsourcing Philippines: Roadmap 2010 the country’s strong advantages in developing the industry were identified as:

(a) suitable and abundant talent (b) good quality infrastructure (c) conducive business environment (d) operational performance

In 2009, about 80 percent of the current BPOs were operating in the NCR area. This overconcentration of the industry in the NCR, if not properly managed, could lead to salary and rental inflation. To avoid this from happening and to tap the rich talent pools outside the NCR, BPAP aligned with the Cyber Corridor program of the Commission on Information and Communications Technology (CICT) and DTI to better prepare other regions to become outsourcing hubs. The project, called the Next Wave Cities initiative, involves the assessment and identification of key cities or areas ideal for BPO investors based on the supply of graduates and workers, relevant real estate,


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telecommunications infrastructure, cost, business environment and risk management among other criteria. BPAP data show that the percentage of IT-BPO employment in NCR dropped slightly, from 82 percent in 2007 to 77 percent in 2010, even as the industry grew at a rate of over 30 percent across the country in that period. Employment growth of the IT-BPO industry outside the NCR also outpaced the growth within the NCR. Significantly, there were also twice the number of IT-BPO employees in regions outside the NCR in 2010 than there were in 2007, reflecting an increase from 53,812 employees in 2007 to 121,900 in 2010. Of the regions outside NCR, Regions VII (7.11 percent) and III (4.16 percent) have the most number of IT-BPO employees. Calabarzon (3.43 percent) follows closely behind Region VI (3.95 percent) with the next largest IT-BPO employment numbers.

Annex Table No. 15: IT-BPO Employment by Region, 2010 Regions IT-BPO Employment (percent) NCR 76.77 CAR 1.35 t I 0.02 III 4.16 t IV-A 3.43 V 0.53 VI 3.95 VII 7.11 VIII 0.68 IX 0.02 X 0.39 XI 1.39 XII 0.01 Not indicated 0.19

Total = 530,000 (estimate) Source: Business Processing Association of the Philippines

Annex Table No. 16: IT-BPO Employment (full-time employees) Year Total Philippines NCR AGR

(Percent) Outside NCR AGR

(Percent) 2007 298,953 245,142 53,812

2008 371,965 297,572 21 74,393 38

2009 442,164 344,888 16 97,276 31

2010* 530,000 408,100 18 121,900 25

Source: Business Processing Association of the Philippines *Estimates Health and Wellness Industry Another emerging growth industry that significantly contributed to the economic performance of the region is the health and wellness subsector. As early as 2009, health and wellness services are already being integrated in residential complexes to make them residential resort complexes. An example of this is the establishment of 430 condominium unit and 48 terrace villas on a 3.5-hectare prime property in Calamba City, Laguna. Moreover, some of these services are being integrated with


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retirement services to cater to the growing demand for emerging new lifestyles in the region’s urban centers. An estimated 15 spa establishments of various categories currently operate in the region. Most of these establishments are concentrated in Cavite and Laguna provinces. Trade

High population growth makes the region one of the major market forces south of NCR for commodity and consumer goods and services. Moreover, the growing wealth of the region’s major urban areas indicates to an expanding population that is actively engaged in economic activities. Based on the 2008 Annual Financial Report by the Commission on Audit, the Cities of Batangas, Calamba, Sta. Rosa, and Antipolo have already breached the PhP 1 billion mark in total income. These cities became part of the so-called Billionaire Cities of the Philippines, joining the ranks of rich cities coming mostly from the NCR. In addition, Lipa City in Batangas, Biñan City in Laguna, and Dasmariñas City in Cavite are expected to join the billionaire income group by 2009-2010. The region’s growing economy has been sustained by significant financial capital remittances from overseas Filipino workers, estimated at more than US$16 billion in 2007. In 2004, Calabarzon had the second highest number of OFWs in the country at 190,000 next to NCR’s 194,000 OFWs. By 2008, the number of OFWs from the region doubled to 234,738, majority of who come from the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas and Rizal.

Annex Table No. 17: Number of OFWs Deployed from Calabarzon, 2008 Province No. of OFWs Distribution ( percent)

Cavite 62,008 26.42 Laguna 53,727 22.89 Batangas 60,597 25.81 Rizal 40,271 17.16 Quezon 18,135 7.73 CALABARZON 234,738 100.00

Source: Department of Labor and Employment IV-A and Overseas Workers Welfare Administration The increased purchasing power of families of overseas workers contributed to the expanding demand for housing, consumer goods, and services. A survey made by the Asian Development Bank in 2003 showed that most OFWs allocate their remittances for food consumed at home, utilities and other household operations, personal care and effects, communications and transportation, with the highest allocation being for food consumed at home. A similar consumption pattern was also reflected in households of workers in the region’s factories and manufacturing establishments. Commercialization in Urban Centers To cater to an expanding regional demand, the construction of malls and major shopping centers began in earnest in 2004, bringing the total number of such establishments in the region to 52 by 2010. More than half of these commercial centers are located in Laguna and Batangas provinces. Most of the commercial centers also operate within or near the urban centers of municipalities or cities.


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Interestingly, Lucena has the most number of commercial centers with seven, followed by the cities of Lipa and Calamba with four each and Sta. Rosa and Batangas Cities with three each. Tourism The expanding population base of the Calabarzon (for locally oriented tourists) and its proximity to Metro Manila enhanced the tourism industry in the region and also gave rise to new tourism products, destinations and establishments. Recent survey reports showed an increase in the volume of local tourists visiting the region. The establishment of large theme parks and recreational facilities in Laguna could account for the increase in domestic arrivals.

Annex Figure No.11:

Domestic and Foreign Tourist Arrivals, 2009 Source: Department of Tourism-IV *no data on Rizal tourist arrivals


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ANNEX Q Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Agriculture Sector The agriculture, fishery and forestry sector contributed about 19 percent of the region's GRDP, amounting to PhP 31 billion at constant prices. The average annual growth rate for the sector is 1.72 percent, although negative growth rates were posted in 2005 (-.25 percent) and 2009 (-1.2 percent). The negative growth rates may be directly attributed to Typhoons Winnie, Unding, and Yoyong in 2004, and Ondoy and Santi in 2009.

Annex Table No. 18: Calabarzon Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Plan Targets, Actual Growth Rates and Points Deviation (in percent), 2004-2009

Year Targets Actual Points Deviation*

2004 1.50 2.50 0.70

2005 1.50 -2.50 -4.00

2006 1.60 3.20 1.60

2007 1.80 4.10 2.30

2008 1.90 4.20 2.30

2009 1.90 -1.20 -3.10

Average Annual 1.70 1.72 -0.03

Sources: Calabarzon RDP 2004-2010, Calabarzon Updated RDP 2008-2010, National Statistical Coordination Board *Computed as Plan Targets vs Actual Crops

Sugarcane and coconut were the dominant crops produced in the region in 2009. Palay, mango, banana, pineapple, corn and vegetables were also part of regional agricultural production for the same year. However, the crop subsector showed very erratic growth rate pattern from 2004 to 2009, with an annual average of negative 1.35 percent. Moreover, almost all crops demonstrated a negative growth rates, with the exception of corn, pineapple, and calamansi. Aside from typhoons, the decreasing area of land cultivated for agricultural produce contributed to negative growth rate in the crop subsector. Nevertheless, the presence of packet farms, organic producers and fertilizer manufacturers in Baras, Rizal, Tayabas City, and Rosario, Batangas point to an increasing demand for organically produced crops and agriculture products. Livestock and Poultry The region’s livestock and poultry subsector contributed significantly to the growth of the agricultural sector, exhibiting a 4.8 percent average annual growth rate from 2005-2009. The sector is dominated by hog/swine production, which constitutes nearly 90 percent of regional livestock production, followed by cattle and carabao at 7.5 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively. Swine is grown largely in the provinces of Batangas, Laguna and Rizal. These provinces are home to breeder and production farm integrators such as Monterey and Bounty Fresh. However, swine production suffered a decline in 2008, due to the emergence of swine disease in the Philippines.


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Annex Figure No. 12: Distribution of Fishery Production, 2009

Annex Figure No. 13: Fishery Production by Source, 2009

Nevertheless and despite incurring heavy losses for that period, producers have begun to cope with the increasing demand of meat. The region contributes about 20 percent to national production of chicken and is second only to Central Luzon in this regard. On the other hand, CALBARZON is the country's leading producer of chicken eggs. The industry, largely based in San Jose, Batangas, provides for 27 percent of total Philippine production and is growing annually at an average rate of 4.3 percent. The only identified limiting factor in the poultry industry is the high cost of feedstuff (e.g. soya and corn). Fishery

Calabarzon contributes an average of 8 percent to the total Philippine fishery production, increasing annually at an average rate of 4.6 percent. Past declines in production may be attributed to Typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng that caused extensive damage to fish cages and pens in the latter part of 2009. Quezon and Batangas contributed more than half of regional fishery production in 2009, at 39 percent and 25 percent respectively. Rizal (21 percent) and Laguna (12 percent) accounted for one third of regional production while Cavite contributed the least at 3 percent.

The use of aquaculture accounted for more than half of the total fishery production in Calabarzon, representing 210,856 metric tons in 2009. Municipal fishing (29.4 percent) produced 122,145 metric tons and commercial fishing (19.7 percent) produced 81,887 metric tons. The situation points to a preference for aquaculture as opposed to the more traditional municipal source of fishery products. Breeding of high value species such as grouper, pompano, shrimp and crabs and ornamental fish is also an emerging trend in the region.

Fishing areas in the region include Laguna Lake and Taal Lake, the coastal towns of Angono, Baras, Binangonan, Cardona, Jalajala, Morong, Pililla, Tanay and Taytay.

Agrarian Reform and Agriculture Infrastructure Support Of the target 70,260 hectares of alienable and disposable lands intended to be distributed to farmer beneficiaries under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), only a third or 22,260 hectares were acquired and distributed to agrarian beneficiaries between 2005 and 2010.

Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics


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Annex Table No. 19. Agrarian Land Acquisition and Distribution, 2005-2010 Province RDP Target

2005-2010 (Hectares)

Actual 2005-2010 Deviation Percent Accomplishment

Batangas 20,600 1,856 -18,744 9.0 Cavite 1,370 3,324 1,954 242.6 Laguna 16,950 4,320 -12,630 25.5 Quezon 28,528 8,417 -20,111 29.5 Rizal 2,812 1,501 -1,311 53.4 TOTAL 70,260 22,260 -48,000 31.7

Source: Target: DENR-Land Management Service / Land Management Bureau IV-A; Actual DAR IV-A Rehabilitation and construction of supporting infrastructure facilities such as farm-to-market-roads (FMRs) and postharvest facilities would enable the marketing and distribution of the region’s agricultural produce. However, only a limited length of FMRs was constructed in Calabarzon from 2004 to2009, and these were located mostly in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. On the other hand, typhoons that devastated the region during the period affected the inflow and outflow of agricultural produce of the farming communities.

ANNEX R Calabarzon MDG Score Card GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY & HUNGER

Target by 1: Halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty between 1990 and 2015

Indicator 1: Proportion of population living below subsistence or food threshold

Baseline (1991) Latest Data (2009)

Target by 2015 Probability of Achievement

Calabarzon 21.0 3.7 3.3 High Batangas 25.6 6.1 3.3 High Cavite 16.6 0.8 1 High Laguna 17.0 1.3 0.9 High Quezon 35.0 9.6 10.9 High Rizal 14.7 2.5 0.9 High Source of Baseline & Current Data: National Statistical Coordination Board Indicator 2: Proportion of population living below poverty threshold


Target by2015 Probability of Achievement

Calabarzon 24.8 13.9 12.4 High Batangas 38.5 18.8 19.25 High Cavite 25.7 6.4 12.85 High Laguna 23.5 8.0 11.75 High Quezon 52.0 32.5 26.0 High Rizal 20.8 9.5 10.4 High Source of Baseline & Current Data: National Statistical Coordination Board


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Target by 2: Halve the proportion of population below the minimum level of dietary energy

consumption and halve the proportion of underweight children under 5 years old Indicator 3: Proportion of households with per capita intake below the 100 percent dietary energy requirement



Calabarzon 67.8 60.8 33.9 Low Source of Baseline & Current Data: National Statistical Coordination Board Indicator 4: Proportion of Underweight Children under 5 years old



Calabarzon 10.27 8.15 5.135 High Batangas 7.37 5.37 3.685 High Batangas City 9.08 7.15 4.54 High Lipa City 5.12 3.1 2.56 High Tanauan City 3.8 3.07 1.9 High Cavite 11.02 9.37 5.51 Medium Cavite City 11.85 8.23 5.925 High Tagaytay City 11.85 6.7 5.925 High Trece Martires City 10.42 4.79 5.21 High Laguna 9.76 7.15 4.88 High Calamba City 6.18 2.81 3.09 High San Pablo city 6.46 4.74 3.23 High Sta. Rosa City 4.83 2.77 2.415 High Quezon 18.17 16.28 9.085 Medium Lucena City 12.7 10.74 6.35 Medium Rizal 7.52 5.24 3.76 High Antipolo City 11.9 10.62 5.95 Medium Source: DOH-Operation Timbang GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

Target by 3: Achieve universal access to primary education

Indicator 5: Net enrolment or participation rate in elementary education School Divisions Baseline (2003) Latest Data (2009) Target by 2015 Probability of

Achievement Calabarzon 83.69 71.67 100 Low Batangas 82.83 77.71 100 Low Batangas City 80.87 75.02 100 Low Lipa City 77.44 78.64 100 Low Tanauan City 75.66 80.25 100 Low Cavite 83.34 66.25 100 Low Cavite City 78.87 87.12 100 Medium Laguna 82.76 70.48 100 Low Calamba City 87.08 54.08 100 Low San Pablo City 85.35 82.35 100 Low Sta. Rosa City* 75.15 68.88 100 Low Quezon 80.56 81.36 100 Low


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School Divisions Baseline (2003) Latest Data (2009) Target by 2015 Probability of Achievement

Lucena City 84.15 76.55 100 Low Rizal 85.85 67.46 100 Low Antipolo City 85.87 67.45 100 Low Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Education Indicator 6: Elementary Cohort Survival Rate

School Divisions Baseline (2003) Latest Data (2009)


Calabarzon 95.77 68.17 84.7 Low Batangas 75.09 76.37 84.7 Low Batangas City 79.96 76.96 84.7 Low Lipa City 77.70 74.18 84.7 Low Tanauan City 64.49 68.80 84.7 Low Cavite 82.47 62.82 84.7 Low Cavite City 88.84 70.37 84.7 Low Laguna 66.00 65.27 84.7 Low Calamba City 64.95 61.30 84.7 Low San Pablo City 83.45 63.91 84.7 Low Sta. Rosa City 64.81 77.67 84.7 Medium Quezon 74.43 68.18 84.7 Low Lucena City 88.36 67.07 84.7 Low Rizal 77.95 72.07 84.7 Low Antipolo City 64.25 64.06 84.7 Low Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Education Indicator 7: Elementary Completion Rate School Divisions Baseline (2003) Latest Data

(2009) Target by2015 Probability of

Achievement Calabarzon 73.29 67.50 81 Low Batangas 76.17 76.11 81 Low Batangas City 88.04 76.81 81 High Lipa City 87.92 74.09 81 High Tanauan City 95.77 68.54 81 High Cavite 65.72 62.23 81 Low Cavite City 75.39 69.90 81 Low Laguna 73.22 64.29 81 Low Calamba City 53.75 60.43 81 Low San Pablo City 63.76 63.50 81 Low Sta. Rosa City 65.27 69.58 81 Low Quezon 76.66 67.49 81 Medium Lucena City 81.96 66.31 81 High Rizal 79.80 72.06 81 Medium Antipolo City 64.64 63.03 81 Low Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Education * Baseline of Sta. Rosa City is 2008 since it is a newly created division


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GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY

Target by 4: Eliminate gender disparity in basic education

Indicator 8: Gender Parity in Net Enrollment Rate (Elementary) School Divisions Baseline

(2003) Latest

Data(2009) Target by

2015 Probability of Achievement

Calabarzon 1.01 1.01 1.00 Low Batangas 1.01 1.06 1.00 Low Batangas City 0.99 1.02 1.00 High Lipa City 0.99 1.04 1.00 High Tanauan City 0.98 1.06 1.00 High Cavite 1.02 0.88 1.00 High Cavite City 1.07 1.09 1.00 Low Laguna 1.01 1.03 1.00 Low Calamba City 0.98 1.05 1.00 High San Pablo City 1.02 1.01 1.00 Medium Sta. Rosa City 1.00 1.10 1.00 Low Quezon 1.02 1.06 1.00 Low Lucena City 0.97 1.05 1.00 High Rizal 1.00 1.00 1.00 High Antipolo City 1.02 1.04 1.00 Low * Baseline is 2008 since it is a newly created division Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Education Indicator 9: Gender Parity in Secondary Net Enrollment Rate School Divisions Baseline (2003) Latest Data

(2009) Target by 2015 Probability of

Achievement Calabarzon 1.13 1.13 1 Low Batangas 1.15 1.21 1 Low Batangas City 1.13 1.16 1 Low Lipa City 1.15 1.12 1 Low Tanauan City 1.10 1.14 1 Low Cavite 1.10 1.02 1 High Cavite City 1.07 1.13 1 Low Laguna 1.13 1.16 1 Low Calamba City 1.04 1.06 1 Low San Pablo City 1.17 1.19 1 Low Sta. Rosa City 1.16 1.05 1 High Quezon 1.21 1.25 1 Low Lucena City 1.14 1.12 1 Low Rizal 1.10 1.1 1 Low Antipolo City 1.13 1.16 1 Low * Baseline is 2008 since it is a newly created division Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Education Indicator 10: Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education

Indicators Baseline (2002) Latest Data (2004)


Tertiary enrollment

1.30 1.25 1 High


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Indicator 11: Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary graduates

Indicators Baseline (2002) Latest Data (2004)


Tertiary graduates

1.60 1.46 1 High

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Target by 5: Reduce under-five mortality rate by two thirds by 2015

Indicator 12: Under-five mortality rate Baseline (2004) Latest Data


Achievement Calabarzon 3.8 8.9 1.3 Low Batangas 2.19 6.92 0.7 Low Cavite 3.19 8.67 1.1 Low Laguna 5.07 5.14 1.7 Low Quezon 6.30 10.37 2.1 Low Rizal 6.21 7.68 2.1 Low Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A Indicator 13: Infant mortality rate Baseline (2004) Latest Data


Achievement Calabarzon 9.2 7.5 3.1 High Batangas 8.00 4.97 2.7 High Cavite 6.56 5.53 2.2 Medium Laguna 9.25 7.54 3.1 Medium Quezon 14.55 9.11 4.9 High Rizal 10.55 4.80 3.5 High Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A Indicator 14: Percentage Fully Immunized Children Baseline (2004) Latest Data

(2009) Target by


Calabarzon 92.97 80.87 100.0 Low Batangas 99.51 94.43 100.0 Low Cavite 101.8 66.4 100.0 High Laguna 92.39 83.27 100.0 Low Quezon 76.46 58.40 100.0 Low Rizal 95.76 98.11 100.0 High Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A


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GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

Target by 6: Reduce by 3/4, between 1990 and 2015 the maternal mortality ratio

Indicator 15: Maternal Mortality Rate Baseline (2004) Latest Data

(2009) Target by


Calabarzon 38.9 33.6 9.7 Low Batangas 24.23 8.23 6.1 High Cavite 25.94 39.24 6.5 Low Laguna 34.86 26.61 8.7 Medium Quezon 108.56 51.87 27.1 High Rizal 50.59 27.41 12.6 High Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A Target by 7: Increase access to reproductive health services to 60 percent by 2010, and 80 percent

by 2015

Indicator 16: Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Baseline (2004) Latest Data

(2009) Target by


Calabarzon 47.9 23.22 80 Low Batangas 31.76 25.54 80 Low Cavite 46.50 31.58 80 Low Laguna 36.10 36.51 80 Low Quezon 121.10 25.19 80 High Rizal 32.91 22.96 80 High Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA & OTHER DISEASES Target by 9: Halt and reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases by 2015 Indicator 17: TB case detection rate Baseline (2004) Latest Data

(2009) Target by


Calabarzon 58 55 0 Low Batangas 40 53.23 0 Low Cavite 55 60.90 0 Low Laguna 47 61.18 0 Low Quezon 55 44.81 0 Low Rizal 43 53.25 0 Low Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A


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GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Target by 11: Halve the proportion of people with no access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation or those who cannot afford it by 2015

Indicator 18: Percentage of Households with Safe Drinking Water Sources Baseline (2004) Latest Data(2009) Target by


Calabarzon 86.56 92.50 86.5 High Batangas 76.85 99.25 86.5 High Cavite 89.53 82.57 86.5 High Laguna 92.93 87.74 86.5 High Quezon 75.47 103.72 86.5 High Rizal 60.86 101.95 86.5 High Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Health-Center for Health Development IV-A Indicator 19: Percentage of Households with Sanitary Toilet Facilities Baseline (2004) Latest Data(2009) Target by


Calabarzon 57.82 88.46 83.8 High Batangas 87.65 84.72 83.8 High Cavite 87.33 81.11 83.8 High Laguna 20.38 87.51 83.8 High Quezon 64.72 91.11 83.8 High Rizal 29.81 87.29 83.8 High Source of Baseline and Current Data: DOH-CHD IV-A Indicator 20: Proportion of households with secured housing units Baseline (1990) Latest Data

(2000) Target by


Calabarzon 90.1 66.8 80 Medium Batangas 91.3 64.9 80 Medium Cavite 92.8 75.1 80 Low Laguna 89.5 70.1 80 Medium Quezon 87.4 49.8 80 High Rizal 89.8 69.3 80 Medium Source of Baseline and Current Data: National Statistics Office-Census on Population and Housing Indicator 21: Percentage forest cover Baseline Latest Data

(2005) Target by


Calabarzon 35.2 50 Source of Baseline and Current Data: Department of Environment and Natural Resources NDA: No data available


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ANNEX S Technical Notes on the Calabarzon Human Development Index Batangas has the highest life expectancy rating, which ranks it at 7 out of the 77 Philippine provinces included in the scoring. While Quezon ranked lowest among all the Calabarzon provinces. However, Batangas’ rank improved from 58 in 2000 to 37 in 2006 which is among the most remarkable for the time period.

Annex Table 20: Human Development Index: Calabarzon Life Expectancy at Birth, 2000-2006

Area 2000 2003 2006

Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank NCR 0.748 0.764 0.781

Rizal 0.745 2 0.764 9 0.781 12 Cavite 0.736 3 0.75 14 0.763 16 Laguna 0.711 5 0.726 20 0.739 26 Batangas 0.759 15 0.775 6 0.793 6 Quezon 0.681 58 0.695 36 0.708 37 Source: 2009 Philippine Human Development Report Four out of the five Calabarzon provinces are included in the top 15 provinces in terms of the education index. Only Quezon garnered a low ranking for this index, being 46th out of the 77 assessed Philippine provinces. Annex Table 21: Human Development Index: Calabarzon Education Index, 2000-2006

Area

2000 2003 2006 Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank

NCR 0.808 0.814 0.847

Rizal 0.76 1 0.76 2 0.801 2 Cavite 0.747 3 0.755 3 0.797 3 Laguna 0.716 7 0.731 5 0.784 5 Batangas 0.656 13 0.679 11 0.711 15 Quezon 0.614 27 0.595 36 0.612 46 Source: 2009 Philippine Human Development Report Three out of the five Calabarzon provinces are included in the top 10 provinces in terms of the income index namely Laguna, Rizal and Cavite. Batangas ranked 26 while Quezon fared the worst with a ranking of 65. Annex Table 22: Human Development Index: Calabarzon Income Index, 2000-2006

Area

2000 2003 2006 Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank

NCR 0.989 0.824 0.756

Rizal 0.762 1 0.606 7 0.594 7 Cavite 0.617 9 0.609 6 0.594 8 Laguna 0.681 3 0.714 2 0.602 5 Batangas 0.478 24 0.464 24 0.418 26 Quezon 0.382 34 0.327 53 0.253 65 Source: 2009 Philippine Human Development Report


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ANNEX T Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Selected Areas in Calabarzon

Annex Figure No. 14: Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Cavite City


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Annex Figure No. 15: Simulation for Laguna Lake


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Annex Figure No. 16: Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Batangas City


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Annex Figure No. 17: Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Nasugbu


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Annex Figure No. 18: Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Lucena City


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Annex Figure No. 19: Sea Level Rise and Flooding Simulation for Polillo Island

CREDITS

A. Calabarzon Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016 Review Workshop - Hotel Kimberly, Tagaytay City, February 10-11, 2011

RDC and Committee Officials

Dir. Severino C. Santos NEDA IV-A Engr. Ladislao L. Andal Phil. Institute of Civil Engineers

Atty. Apolinario A. Macalintal Batangas Provincial Tourism Council PSR Andrew O. Nocon Tourists Association of Laguna PSR Sis Mary Rebecca E. Rogacion PEER Counselling Foundation of the Phil. Inc.

Regional Line Agencies Dir. Nilo B. Tamoria DENR IV-A Dir. Lorna D. Dino DepEd IV-A Dir. Josefina Castilla-Go DILG IV-A Dir. Juanito D. Taleon DOH IV-A Dir. Marilou Q. Toledo DTI IV-A Dir. Alexander R. Madrigal DOST IV-A Dir. Rosalinda P. Bautista NSO IV-A Dir. Vicente F. Tomazar OCD IV-A Dir. Teodoro M. Gatchalian TESDA IV-A ARD Esmeralda Paz D. Manalang BFAR IV-A ARD Alex V. Avila DOLE IV-A ARD Ariel O. Iglesia DILG IV-A

Ms. Virginia Bartolome BFAR IV-A Mr. Felizardo C. Lim BFAR IV-A Ms. Carmelita Ramos DA IV-A Ms. Basilisa Mendoza DOT Engr. Josephine P. Baquiran DPWH IV-A Ms. Mylah Gatchalian DSWD IV-A Ms. Eden Arce DSWD IV-A Ms. Emmie Ruales NWRB Atty. Leopoldo C. Biscocho, Jr. PPA Engr. Cesar B. Guce PPA Mr. Maceduno U. Banuelos PPA Mr. Gilbert Patulot PNR

Private Sector Representatives PSR Felino SM Angeles, Jr. HEAR PSR Emerson B. Atanacio APPTETPCI PSR Apolinar E. Aure PhilExport PSR Jefferson S. Bongat OSHDP PSR Rodrigo M. Camia STARCDC PSR Teresita M. Leabres PCCI, Cavite PSR Eduardo M. Nicolas III CCI PSR Richard Albert I. Osmond PHILEA PSR Josephine C. Parilla PATAMABA PSR Ricardo M. Sandalo HUMEIN-Phil. PSR Lina Lutgarda M. Tanjuatco FRBC PSR Gillian Joyce G. Virata BPAP

Local Government Units

Mr. Meynard C. Melo Batangas Mr. Jesus I. Barrera Cavite Mr. Valentin P. Guidote Laguna Mr. Ariel Penaranda Laguna Engr. Irma Garde Quezon Engr. Nestor V. Imperial, Jr. Quezon Enp. Gertie A. Sison Rizal Ms. Leila Reynes Rizal B. Joint Sectoral Committee on Macroeconomy and Development Administration and Sectoral

Committee on Social Development Meeting – NIA, Quezon City December 8, 2010 Dir. Severino C. Santos NEDA IV-A Dir. Josefina Castilla-Go DILG IV-A Dir. Rosalinda P. Bautista NSO IV-A Dir. Teodoro M. Gatchalian TESDA ARD Tomas M. Ortega OCD IV-A PSSupt. Rolando B. Opeña PNP IV-A Ms. Imelda B. Decipeda DOLE IV-A Ms. Teresita D. Gonzaga DTI IV-A Ms. Leila C. Reynes PPDO Rizal Mr. Apolinar E. Aure PSR, PhilExport PSR Andrew O. Nocon TAL

PSR Mary Rebecca E. Rogacion PCFPI PSR Aileen C. Penas ATIKHA PSR Ricardo M. Sandalo HUMEIN-Phil.

PSR Emerson B. Atanacio APPTETPCI PSR Teresita M. Leabres PCCI Cavite PSR Josephine C. Parilla PATAMABA PSR Rodrigo M. Camia STRCDC Ms. Maricar M. Castro DILG IV-A Ms. Cecilia A. Cerrado PPDO Rizal

Ms. Cefronia Majuelo DSWD Ms. Ma. Theresa Y. Malubag DOH Ms. Delia M. Rodriguez CHED Ms. Imelda B. Decipeda DOLE Ms. Edna M. De Jesus DA

Ms. Juliet L. Bernales NCIP Ms Maria Aiza Matibag NNC Mr. Hermy D. Estrabo URS

Mr. Romeo C. de Castro BSU Ms. Rosalinda V. Bunal LSPU

Dr. Gilbert G. Par DOH IV-A Ms. Rosamia H. Gelle DEPED IV-A Ms. Adelaida M. dela Cruz Volunteer Worker Ms. Margienel Adviento DOH IV-A Mr. Ivan J. Casumpang DOH IV-A

C. Private Sectors’ Brainstorming Workshop – Laguna Light Industrial Park, Calamba City November 24, 2011 PSR Ladislao L. Andal PICE PSR Felino SM Angeles, Jr. HEAR

PSR Emerson B. Atanacio APPTETPCI PSR Apolinar E. Aure PhilExport PSR Jefferson S. Bongat OSHDP PSR Rodrigo M. Camia STARCDC PSR Milagros L. Chavez KMMLT PSR Teresita M. Leabres PCCI, Cavite PSR Apolinario A. Macalintal BPTC PSR Cesar Mario O. Mamon ECOP

PSR Eduardo M. Nicolas III CCI PSR Andrew O. Nocon TAL

PSR Albert I. Osmond PHILEA PSR Josephine C. Parilla PATAMABA PSR Aileen C. Peñas ATIKHA OWCII PSR Sis Mary Rebecca E. Rogacion CFPI PSR Ricardo M. Sandalo HUMEIN-Phil. PSR Lina Lutgarda M. Tanjuatco FRBC PSR Gillian Joyce G. Virata BPAP

The preparation of the plan would not have been possible if not for the submission of data/reports from the following officers and members of the RDC: Local Government Units Gov. Vilma Santos Recto Batangas Gov. Juanito Victor C. Remulla, Jr. Cavite Gov. Emilio Ramon P. Ejercito III Laguna Gov. David C. Suarez Quezon Gov. Casimiro A. Ynares III, MD Rizal Mayor Vilma A. Dimacuha Batangas City Mayor Meynardo A. Sabili Lipa City Mayor Sonia T. Aquino Tanauan City Mayor Romeo G. Ramos Cavite City Mayor Abraham N. Tolentino Tagaytay City Mayor Melandres G. De Sagun Trece Martirez City Mayor Jennifer A. Bargaza Dasmarinas City Mayor Joaquin M. Chipeco, Jr. Calamba City Mayor Vicente B. Amante San Pablo City Mayor Arlene A. Nazareno Sta. Rosa City Mayor Marlyn A. Alonte Binan City Mayor Barbara Ruby C. Talaga Lucena City Mayor Faustino A. Silang Tayabas City Mayor Danilo O. Leyble Antipolo City Mayor Domingo G. Panginiban, Sr. Sta. Cruz, Laguna Mayor Sofronio C. Ona, Jr. Calaca, Batangas Mayor Strike B. Revilla Bacoor, Cavite Mayor Girlie J. Ejercito Pagsanjan, Laguna Mayor Ramon A. Orfanel Catanauan, Quezon Mayor Elionor I. Pillas Jalajala, Rizal

Regional Line Agencies Dir. Abelardo R. Bragas DA Dir. Antonio G. Evangelista DAR Dir. Julian Ll. Pacificador DBM Dir. Nilo B. Tamoria DENR Dir. Eduardo L. Del Rosario BLGF Dir. Edmundo A. Mangubat DFA Dir. Lorna D. Dino DepEd Dir. Juanito D. Taleon DOH Dir. Ricardo S. Martinez, Sr. DOLE Dir. Josefina C. Go DILG Dir. Luis A. Mamitag DPWH Dir. Marilou Q. Toledo DTI Dir. Louella C. Jurilla DOT Dir. Severino C. Santos NEDA Dir. Susan M. Solo PMS Dir. Alexander R. Madrigal DOST Dir. Rogel Joseph V. Del Rosario BSP Dir. Ricardo E. Ochia DOTC-LTO Dir. Wilma D. Naviamos DSWD Dir. Teodoro Gatchalian TESDA Dir. Norito A. Cabotaje PIA Dir. Ricardo A. Wagan PASUC Dir. Zacarias A. Abanes HUDCC Col. Silvino A. Atcabosa, Jr. AFP Dir. Leonida S. Calagui CHED Dir. Jesus T. Tamang DOE PCSupt. Nicanor A. Bartolome PNP Dir. Vicente F. Tomazar OCD Dir. Antonio B. Decatoria HLURB Gen. Mgr. Rodrigo Cabrera LLDA Chancellor Luis Rey I. Velasco UPLB Dir. Rosa F. Macas BFAR Dir. Roberto L. Almonte NCIP

Private Sector Representative

PSR Ladislao L. Andal PICE PSR Felino SM Angeles, Jr. HEAR

PSR Emerson B. Atanacio APPTETPCI PSR Apolinar E. Aure PhilExport PSR Jefferson S. Bongat OSHDP PSR Rodrigo M. Camia STARCDC PSR Milagros L. Chavez KMMLT PSR Teresita M. Leabres PCCI, Cavite PSR Apolinario A. Macalintal BPTC PSR Cesar Mario O. Mamon ECOP PSR Eduardo M. Nicolas III CCI PSR Andrew O. Nocon TAL PSR Albert I. Osmond PHILEA PSR Josephine C. Parilla PATAMABA PSR Aileen C. Peñas ATIKHA OWCII PSR Sis Mary Rebecca E. Rogacion CFPI PSR Ricardo M. Sandalo HUMEIN-Phil.

PSR Lina Lutgarda M. Tanjuatco FRBC PSR Gillian Joyce G. Virata BPAP NEDA IV-A Officials and Staff RDC Secretariat Office of the Regional Director

Dir. Severino C. Santos Regional Director ARD Liberty A. Abellon Assistant Regional Director Valter L. Morada Sr. Eco. Dev. Specialist Asya Marie L. Barrios RDC Staff Jezreel Heath Belleza RDC Staff Corazon C. Salandanan Secretary

Plan and Policy Formulation Division and Knowledge Management Division

Donald James D. Gawe Division Chief Agnes A. Daantos Sr. Eco. Dev. Specialist Jedel Ervin M. Tabamo Sr. Eco. Dev. Specialist Antonio F. Robles Sr. Eco.Dev. Specialist Antonina M. De Chavez Eco. Dev. Specialist II Christine Joyce R. Betia Eco. Dev. Specialist II Kathleen D.C. Melendrez Eco. Dev. Specialist I

Project Development, Investment Programming and Budgeting Division and Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division

Fidel T. Udarbe Chief Eco. Dev. Specialist Marcelo Cesar R. Palacio Supvg. Eco. Dev. Specialist Emilinda S. Evangelista Sr. Eco. Dev. Specialist Josephine D. Hapil Sr. Eco. Dev. Specialist Elisa I. Pandela Sr. Eco. Dev. Specialist Alan T. Del Socorro Eco. Dev. Specialist II

Operations Division

Arlita E. Lopez Division Chief Lorenzo F. Tamayo Cashier Alicia A. Billutes Administrative Officer Flordeliza G. Lagadameo Acting Accountant Nelia C. Villaflor Administrative Assistant Maricel B. Jardiolin Administrative Assistant Norayda N. Ragasa Administrative Assistant Francis P. Que Administrative Assistant Tomas Q. Lipit Administrative Assistant Pepito R. Ponce Administrative Assistant Richeal M. Jastive Administrative Assistant Farhad E. Ali Asgari ICT Assistant

CALABARZON Regional Development Plan 2011-2016

Documents

economic development

development partners

development direction

reg regional

private sector

ulate ership d civil

calabarzon rdp

partne sector