Cal Anderson Park Lighting Study

7/23/2019 Cal Anderson Park Lighting Study

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LIGHTING MASTER PLAN

CAL ANDERSON PARK



prepared for:Capitol Hill Chamber of Commerce

prepared by:dark | light designDecember 2015

dark | light

LIGHTING MASTER PLAN

CAL ANDERSON PARK



CONTENTS |

CAL ANDERSON PARK - LIGHTING MASTER PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

04 AERIAL VIEW

05 SUMMARY

06 INTRODUCTION

07 BACKGROUND surrounding inuence

park zones entrances circulation paths park furniture

13 EXISTING CONDITIONS existing light levels

14 LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS glare light pollution

17 CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES CPTED recommendations 18 LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS lighting zones pathway

landscape architectural entrances 11th avenue

29 COST ESTIMATES



AERIAL VIEW |


AERIAL VIEW

NOT TO SCALE

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SUMMARY |


SUMMARY

This Lighting Master Plan (“the Plan”) was developed through a processinvolving the Capitol Hill Chamber of Commerce, Capitol Hill Arts District,the Seattle Neighborhood Group’s CPTED Advisor, and the dark | lightdesign team.

The Plan proposes lighting improvements for the park based uponcurrent lighting technologies and safety considerations. The goal of theproposed improvements is to address the visual needs of park visitors,enhance the nighttime experience of the landscape, and reinforce thehistoric character of the park’s design.

The Plan presents overall concepts for luminaires, light sources, andillumination levels. It also presents detailed recommendations to serve as

a framework for future lighting improvements.

Implementation of the Plan presented in this document is pending projectfunding and detailed design and engineering.



INTRODUCTION |


INTRODUCTION

Today Cal Anderson Park is home to over 10 acres of belovedpublic space within one of Seattle’s densest and fastest growingneighborhoods, Capitol Hill.

Its history began in 1901 as Lincoln Reservoir. It wasn’t until 1904, whenthe Olmsted brothers surveyed and redesigned the park to include apublic play eld, that it became a community gathering place. By 1922,

its popularity garnered it a new name, the Broadway Play eld.

In 2003 the reservoir was covered, opening up space for expanses ofopen lawn areas, a reection pool, children’s playground, and winding

paths. The space of Cal Anderson Park is treasured as a breath of freshair from the intensity and density of the surrounding neighborhood and

city beyond. It acts as an outdoor living room and common ground formany of the residents of, and visitors to, Capitol Hill.

1904 1992 1995 2002



BACKGROUND |


BACKGROUNDSURROUNDING INFLUENCE

ART VENUES + RESOURCES

RETAIL / DINING

EDUCATION

TRANSIT STATION

RELIGIOUS CENTERS / COMMUNITYSERVICES

CLOSED TO PUBLIC

The above graphic indicates the various uses of buildingssurrounding Cal Anderson Park. Today the southwest corner,adjacent to Seattle Central Community College and variouscommercial businesses, has a substantial inuence on the Park

as a heavily used entrance point.

Currently, the northern edges of the park are surroundedprimarily by residential uses, making the north end of thepark much quieter throughout the day and night. However,the anticipated 2016 opening of the Sound Transit station willdrastically increase pedestrian activity at the north end of thepark.

expected 2016

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BACKGROUND |


BACKGROUND

(zones ordered below from North to South as

listed on map)

sound transit hub: undergroundboarding at the corner of Broadway andEast John St.; projected that by 2030,14,000 riders will board daily; service isexpected to begin in 2016

landmark heritage tree: a ChineseScholar Tree has been designated oneof the oldest and largest of its kind inWashington

water features: the fountain, texture

pool, and reection pool composea reminder of the reservoir that liesbeneath the park as well as a commonpoint of relaxation for visitors onsurrounding benches

gate house: this building containsworking equipment for the reservoir,and dates back to the original LincolnReservoir; a vital element to viewsthroughout and across the park

children’s playground: a variety of playequipment screened from other parkuses by planters and retaining walls

wading pool: open during the daytimein the summer season

sunbowl: sloped area of open lawn;home to summer outdoor lm series

among other public gatherings

shelterhouse: a 900 square foot spacefor meetings and events; opposite theshelterhouse lies a public restroom;between the restroom is a trellis coveredplaza with occasional seating and a

ping-pong table

courts: fenced courts for a variety ofgames including tennis, basketball, anddodgeball

play feld: home to baseball and soccerelds

PARK ZONES



BACKGROUND |


BACKGROUNDPARK ZONES

SOUND TRANSIT HUB(PROJECTED RENDERING, SDOT)

HERITAGE TREE FOUNTAIN

TEXTURE POOL

CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND

SHELTERHOUSE

REFLECTION POOL

WADING POOL

COURTS

GATE HOUSE

SUNBOWL

PLAYFIELD



BACKGROUND | 1


BACKGROUNDENTRANCES

angle of arrow aligns with angle

photograph is taken from

size of circle references relative

popularity of use

110

29

3

4

56

7

8

DENNY WAY / 11TH AVE

11TH AVE / HOWELL ST

11TH AVE / OLIVE ST

11TH AVE RAMP ACCESS

PINE ST / 11TH AVEPINE ST / NAGLE PL

NAGLE PL NEAR COURTS

NAGLE PL NORTH OF COURTS

NAGLE PL / HOWELL ST

DENNY WAY / 10TH AVE



BACKGROUND | 1


BACKGROUNDCIRCULATION PATHS

East to West routes at Howell Streetand Olive Street are often used by thosepassing directly through the park. Thewinding paths of the park more naturallycater to a slower circulation that allowsvisitors to stop along the path, rest onpark furniture, or cross into open grassspaces.

primary frequently used, an arterial

means of circulation

secondary leisurely use of path, and

stoppage along it

tertiary infrequently used



BACKGROUND | 1


BACKGROUNDPARK FURNITURE

Furniture locations are recorded as away of understanding where peoplegather formally. As the map indicates,the highest density of resting locationsoccurs around the texture and reection

pools.



EXISTING CONDITIONS | 1


EXISTING CONDITIONSLIGHT LEVELS

Recorded light levels are measuredin footcandles and taken on April 08between 9:30 and 10:30PM.

Measurements taken with a KonicaMinolta Illuminance Meter T-10A, lastcalibrated on 08/15/2014.

A high contrast lighting

condition on theshelterhouse patiobelow the trellis iscreated by narrowbeams of light.

*



LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS | 1


LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

With an understanding of the existing conditions and neighborhoodcontext of the park, options for lighting improvements have beendeveloped for multiple park areas and elements.

The goal of the proposed lighting improvements is to enhance the parkafter dark by creating an inviting and comfortable environment. Providingadequate light for safe passage is important, and this is already providedin many areas of the park. However, simply providing enough light is notenough to create an environment that invites users to stop and enjoy thepark, or create visibility in the distance to invite them to other elementswithin the park.

The lighting improvements proposed in this plan aim to address multiple

issues within the park by reducing glare to improve visual comfort andvisual acuity, increase contrast on surfaces to create visual interest,increase light levels where they are decient to increase visibility and

security, and highlight architectural elements within the park to create anincreased sense of place at night.





GLARELIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Glare can create an after-dark environment where safety and securityare impacted by affecting park users’ visual acuity, as well as create anuncomfortable environment that does not reinforce positive behaviors.

A CPTED analysis conducted for Cal Anderson Park indicates that theglobe shaped pole-mounted luminaires in the park impose glare uponpark visitors from every angle.

Utilitizing luminaires with improved shielding will minimize undesirablesightlines which impair vision and increase visual comfort.

OMNIDIRECTIONAL SEMI-DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL

LIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS





LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSLIGHT POLLUTION

Light pollution is an issue in the urban environment. Electric lightingbeing either directly released above the horizon, or reected off of

surrounding surfaces, is partially responsible for reducing urbanresidents’ ability to viewthe night sky. To reduce light pollution, lightingequipment must be carefully specied and installed. Omnidirectional

luminaires, such as the round globes installed at the Park, are a commoncause of urban skyglow.

The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) addressskyglow in their Recommended Practice publication RP-33-14 Lighting

for Exterior Environments. The recommended methods for reducing lightpollution are summarized below:

+ minimize upward emissions Design exterior lighting to minimize, or eliminate where

possible, upward emissions. Ideally, light output will not exceed a45 ° angle from the target surface.

+ minimize non-target lighting Upward lighting systems must be designed to minimize light

that trespasses beyond the target (examples include sign lightingor architectural features). Many manufacturers offer attachmentssuch as snoots or bafes that will direct the light where needed

and eliminate indirect spill.

+ do not over light

Use no higher light level than is needed for the activitiesoccurring in the space.

OMNIDIRECTIONAL

OMNIDIRECTIONAL LIGHTING AND THE SKYGLOW EFFECT



CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES | 1


CPTED RECOMMENDATIONSCRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Action items found within the Draft CPTED Recommendations for Cal Anderson Park: Natural Surveillance & Territorial Denition After Dark

+ lighting equipment must: (1) be vandal proof as much as possible and

(2) not produce glare

+ perimeter recommendations: (1) no glare exposure at eye level (north and east)

(2) delineate park boundary with light (north and east)

(3) explore lighting in tree canopies (east)

(4) illuminate new pump house structure (west)

+ entrance recommendations: (1) integrate path, surface, and landscape lighting (2) replace historical replica globes with a less glaring luminaire

+ interior recommendations: (1) use fully shielded and full cutoff xtures

(2) apply additional path lighting throughout the park(3) support focal points throughout the park

(4) provide very low levels of light in the children’s play area toallow passerbyers to observe problems

(5) use ‘step-down’ lighting to support dark adaptation as peopletransition into darker areas near the play eld



LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 1


pathway: primary goals within the circulation zones of the park are toincrease the amount of light on the path surface, decrease glare in thevisual eld, and, in the same location, increase contrast on the path

surface to create a processional pattern on the pathway.

landscape: several peripheral landscape zones throughout the parkoffer an opportunity to light plants and trees to increase comfort andfeelings of security in especially dark areas.

architectural: the fountain, gatehouse, and shelterhouse arearchitectural elements that are visible from many viewpoints throughout

the park. Applying light to these features will enhance the sense of placein the park’s nighttime environment by providing visual points of interestthroughout the park.

entrances: lighting at the various entrances to the park should bewelcoming while reducing the glare problem that currently exists.

Additionally, visual consistency between entry points is important for acohesive park identity.

11th ave: the pedestrian sidewalk along the 11th avenue park edge is inneed of increased lighting at the walking surface for safety reasons. To

further increase the quality of space, lighting of the trees overhead andother landscape elements is recommended.

LIGHTING ZONESLIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS

PATHWAY, ENTRANCES

ARCHITECTURAL

11th AVENUE

LANDSCAPE





+

+

LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONSPATHWAY

OPTION 1LED LIGHT ENGINE RETROFITretrot globes with downward-directed LED

light engines, addition of supplemental in-gradedirectional marker lights

OPTION 2LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTIONreplace globe luminaires with a historicallyreferential direct LED xture, addition of

supplemental in-grade directional marker lights

OPTION 3LED FLOODLIGHT ADDITIONrefurbish existing globe luminaires, mount a

small scale LED ood light at the base of theglobe to aim at the path directional marker lights





PATHWAY01 / LED LIGHT ENGINE RETROFIT

An LED retrot atop the existing pole and

beneath identical diffusers can be specied

to direct light down onto the path. Thisrecommendation includes replacing the globes.

input: 40Woutput: 3500 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 80+additional: asymmetric distribution optionavailable

PROS:+ no changes to the existing form, easingapproval process+ higher light levels on ground than existingcondition+ increased color rendering+ longer life than existing sourceCONS:- does not change problem of discomfortglare in eld of vision across the park

- light levels are still very uniform,reinforcing lack of visual interst

AMERLUX AVISTA

LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS





PATHWAY02 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION

input: 40Woutput: 2000 lumenscolor temperature: 3500K

CRI: 80+additional: soft-view diffusion lens

PROS:+ only 1% uplight+ minimimal glare, soft view lensCONS:- a luminaire form change may meansome difculty getting approval from some

reviewing bodies

New lens technology can offer the softappearance of indirect illumination but with theenergy efcacy of a direct luminaire. Surface

brightness (or luminance) is measured incandela per square meter. Available materialswill reduce this glare indicating value in a directluminaire by 76%, with only a 21% reduction inlight output. These reductions are capable ofvastly improving both the quality of light and theenvironment being lit.

STERNBERG EURO WITH SOFTVUE LENS






PATHWAY03 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION

The installation of a small LED oodlight at the

top of each existing pole is a way of creatingprocessional pools of light throughout the pathsin the park. This method is a relatively low costway of aiding waynding within the park. Basic

relamping of the existing globes included in thisscheme.

input: 8Woutput: 350 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 90+optic: medium ood

additional: include 45° cap andhoneycomb bafe

PROS:

+ increases light level on thepathway+ processional pools of light onpath surfaces aid in waynding

throughout the parkCONS:- intensive installation process- does not reduce existing glare fromglobe xtures

BK DELTASTAR






PATHWAY - WAYFINDING LAYER

Marker lights placed periodically between polesare a way of adding a waynding pattern layer

on certain pathways to the relatively even pathillumination of schemes one and two. Thesemay be limited to major circulation pathways (atHowell and Olive Street), along with the walkwayaround the water feature) to increase light levelsand contribute to placemaking on those routes.

input: 10Woutput: 750 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 80+additional: single sided distribution

WE-EF EFC120






PATHWAYPERFORMANCE COMPARISON PLANS


0 / EXISTING CONDITION

1 / LED LIGHTING ENGINE RETROFIT WITH MARKER LIGHTS

2 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION WITH MARKER LIGHTS

3 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION

ILLUMINANCE(footcandles)

2.00+

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0





PATHWAYPERFORMANCE COMPARISON AXONOMETRICS


0 / EXISTING CONDITION

1 / LED LIGHTING ENGINE RETROFIT

2 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION

3 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION

ILLUMINANCE(footcandles)

2.00+

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0





LANDSCAPE

Poles with multiple adjustable xtures locatedthroughout the landscapes are a way oflighting through the trees and casting light ontoespecially dark patches of sidewalk or grass.Pole locations are envisioned adjacent toexisting plantings or pathway edges.

input: 8Woutput: 350 lumenscolor temperature: 3500KCRI: 90+optic: spotadditional:

- 12’ tall aluminum tapered pole, 4”diameter at base

- four ood lights mounted 10’ or

higher - include 45° cap and a

honeycomb bafe

BK DELTASTAR SHOWN






ARCHITECTURAL

FOUNTAIN

The currently installed fountainluminaires are not operational. Thiscould be because they need relampingor because the xtures have failed. In

any case, to ensure long-lived operation,the xtures should be replaced with a

similarly performing xture with an LED

light source.

GATEHOUSE

Applying light to the gatehouse willcreate a visual anchor visible throughoutthe park. Linear LED light tape in analuminum extrusion can be mountedaround the cornice to create a softring of light at the top of the building.

Additional LED lighting can be installedalong the base of each windowsill tolight up in the arched cavities. Thesesimple treatments will softly illuminatethe architecture of the gatehousewithout creating an overwhelming visual

element within the nighttime landscape.

SHELTERHOUSE

The evening lighting conditions of theshelterhouse plaza should reect its

signicance as a communal gathering

place. Currently, the high contrastlighting conditions of the space makeit an undesirable place to be. Installingnarrow beam luminaires to light theside of each column (to highlightarchitecture), as well as several widebeam downlights throughout the space(to provide task illumination), will lowercontrast and create more inviting layersof light.






ENTRANCES

11TH AVENUE


The globe diffusers at the various entrances to the parkrequire replacement due to damage or vandalism. Changingthe light source to achieve color temperature consistencywith other xtures in the park should be considered as well.

To create a more welcoming entry experience, the stonepedestals at the base of the poles can be uplit. This will givemore visual weight to the entry points and highlight the stonematerial of the base to create a more inviting entry condition.

The multihead poles shown on page 24 can be applied to the landscaping on thewestern side of the 11th Avenue sidewalk to alleviate the darkness on both theground surface and the greenery overhead. Providing light in multiple directionsserves two purposes: illuminates the sidewalk surface, which is uneven and atrip hazard, and providing light on vegetation, which surrounds and covers thesidewalk, to increase the perception of security.

Mounting xtures in the boulevard strip on the east side of the sidewalk would be

challenging, given that because this area is within the right-of-way, lighting wouldtypically be provided by Seattle City Light, which has a very limited palette ofpedestrian-scale xtures available for use, and mounting locations, given current

tree locations, would be difcult to nd.



COST ESTIMATES | 2


COST ESTIMATES

Price estimates below indicate currently-researched product costs, installation expenses,and an estimated contingency to account for permitting, design fees, escalation, andunexpected installation conditions.

PATHWAY

PRICE ESTIMATES BY ZONE

TOTAL PRICE ESTIMATES

LANDSCAPE

ARCHITECTURAL

ENTRANCES

OPTION 01LED light engine retrot, with

marker lights

OPTION 02LED direct luminaire, with

marker lights

OPTION 03LED ood light attachment

11th AVENUE

scheme 01LED light engine retrot

$120,000

$210,000

$105,000

$145,000

$385,000

$105,000

$70,000

$15,000

$45,000

$15,000

$870,000 $960,000 $780,000

scheme 02LED direct luminaire

scheme 03LED ood light attachment

12’ multihead poles (qty. 25)

fountain

12’ multihead poles

gatehouse

shelterhouse

pedestal uplights (qty. 15)

lamp and globe replacements

marker lights (qty. 64)

cost included in

Landscape estimate



dark | lighCAL ANDERSON PARK - LIGHTING MASTER PLAN

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Cal Anderson Park Lighting Study

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