California Missions 4 th grade Social Studies Caitlin Santa
California Missions4th grade Social Studies
Caitlin Santa
Table of Contents
Brief history Founding
Impact on native people
Design and Architecture Parts of a mission
Architectural features
Famous missions Santa Barbara
San Diego
Santa Cruz
Missions in modern times
Mission History
Spanish rule- King
Charles III
Father Junipero Serra
founded the first
missions
Create a literate
population that would
have been useful to the
Spanish government
Bring Christianity to the
native people
Built near coasts
21 missions total
spanning 650 miles
Religious and military
conquests
Cost a great deal of lives
Map
Tensions with the native
peopleTensions with Mexico
Many American Indians
were forced to convert
to Catholicism, learn
Spanish and learn
various trades
Diseases were also
spread- measles
epidemic of 1806
Many cultures were
wiped out by the
Europeans
Mexico proclaimed
native people with the
Alta California area
free and eligible to
become Mexican
citizens
1827- Spaniards under
60 were expelled from
the territory
Cultural Impacts
Design
All missions were built with a similar layout
Rectangular courtyard
Shops, rooms, church
Bell tower
Site selection
Close to the coast
Large populations of potential converts
Land for farming and livestock
Architecture
Rectangular courtyard
Pediments
Bell towers
Columns and arches
San Diego
California’s
first mission
• Founded in 1769 by Father
Serra
• Named by Spanish
explorers for the feast day of
St Didacus
• Rebuilt and moved after
Native Indians burned it
down
• This mission is still an active
parish
Santa
Barbara
10th mission
Established in 1786 around the
feast day of Saint Barbara
The land on which it was built
was originally inhabited by the
Chumash
The Chumash are credited for
much of the missions agricultural
success
A high school and junior college
were at one time part of the
grounds
Santa Cruz
Holy Cross
12th mission, established in 1791
Spanish explorer named the area
Santa Cruz in 1769
Founded during a peaceful time
between missionaries and
Spanish military
Missions Today
Regarded as an important aspect of California
heritage
Some are still working churches
Many of them are historical landmarks
The original mission trail, known as El Camino Real,
can be still be followed through several freeways.
Some of California’s most prominent cities, including
Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco, were
built due to the mission system
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