CAFFEINE
Sep 30, 2015
PowerPoint Presentation
CAFFEINEBrief History and Background of Caffeine1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dioneMost widely consumed psychoactive drugConsumed since the Stone AgeFrom the German word kaffee and French word cafFirst extracted from coffee in 1821 by Friedrich Ferdinand RungeIntroduced to the Europeans in 1573First known as Arabian wineGlobal consumption estimated at 120 000 MT per annum
Pharmacology of CaffeineCentral nervous system and metabolic stimulantFirst stimulates the brain, resulting in:Increased alertness and wakefulnessFaster and clearer flow of thoughtIncreased focusBetter general body coordinationAt even higher doses, it stimulates the lower central nervous systempop quiz what is the lower CNS?Pharmaceutical Caffeine
Health Effects of Caffeine
Synthesis of PharmaceuticalsAlkylationCarboxylationCondensation and CyclizationDehydrationEsterificationHalogenationOxidationSulfonationSynthesis of Caffeine
Synthesis of CaffeineN-methylation of uracilNitration of 1,3-dimethyluracilReduction of 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrouracilFormylation and Nitration of 5-amino-1,3-dimethyluracilIntramolecular cyclization of intermediateN-methylation of theophylline
N-methylation of uracil
Nitration of 1,3-dimethyluracil
Reduction of 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrouracil
Formylation and Nitration of 5-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil
Intramolecular cyclization of intermediate
N-methylation of theophylline
SourcesZajac, M. A., Zakrzewski, A. G., & Kowal, M. G. (2003). A Novel Method of Caffeine Synthesis from Uracil. Retrieved from http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/76A/jresv76An5p483_A1b.pdfShreve, R. (1967). The Pharmaceutical Industry. In Chemical Process Industries (3rd ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.National Headache Foundation: Clinical Update : Pharamacology. (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2015, from https://www.headaches.org/educational_modules/caffeine_module/medical_uses.htm