CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROME Week Five
Dec 16, 2015
CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROME
Week Five
ance/ence = state or quality of
What suffix finishes these words?
eleg____ radi____ persever_____
ped = foot
pedestrian pedicure pedal
CAESAR AUGUSTUS AND IMPERIAL ROME
Week Five
I. The Altar of Augustan Peace In 27 BCE, the Senate decreed that Augustus be honored
by the construction of an altar to Pax, the new goddess of peace.
Pax Romana or Pacification Romana?
II. The Price of Empire, 146-121A. Winners
Optimates: members of the traditional Roman oligarchy
Equites: the nouveau riche
Tax collectors
B. Losers Slaves Provincials
Spartacus (1960)
“I am Spartacus”
“I am Spartacus,” Part II
II. The Price of Empire
C. Populares Political leaders who appealed
to the masses
1. Tiberius Gracchus Redistributed land Undermined the Senate Assassinated by
senators2. Gaius Gracchus
Younger brother who reintroduced reforms
Extended citizenship Also assassinated
III. The End of the Republic
A. Personal armies Shifting allegiances
B. Civil Wars Populares (led by
Marius) revolt against optimates (led by Sulla)
Optimates under Sulla win
Dictatorship gives way to republican rule after Sulla wearies of butchery, but tensions remain
Sulla entering Rome
III. The End of the Republic
C. The First Triumvirate Political infighting
leads to an alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar
Alliance doesn’t hold—Caesar crosses the Rubicon, which initiates a bloody civil war
Crossing the Rubicon
mater = mother
mother alma mater matrimony
manu = hand
manual labor
manuscript
manufacture
Exam next Monday
Bring a blue book 25% of final grade Format
5 identifications (who, what, where, when, and significance)
One essay Sample themes
Conceptions of freedom in the ancient world
Battle of Marathon
The Battle of Marathon took place in the fifth century BCE in ancient Greece. A vast Persian army threatened Sparta, Athens, Corinth, and other Greek poleis. The Greeks, underarmed and outnumbered, defeated the Persians at Marathon. This battle was significant because it convinced Athenians of the invincibility of their fighting strategy (the hoplite phalanx), the superiority of their culture, and the efficiency of democratic government as instituted by Cleisthenes.
The Career of Julius Caesar
III. The End of the Republic
D. The Second Triumvirate Julius Caesar introduces
democratic reform, but then declares himself perpetual dictator
Assassination on the Ides of March
Second alliance between Mark Antony, Ledipus, and Octavian
Octavian emerges
Octavian
Julius Caesar (1953)
IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana
A. Caesar Augustus An unexpected
leader Rise to power:
instinct for power and publicity; determination; and had the right name
Absolute rule: Granted by the Senate in 27 BCE; any remnant of republican rule was a sham
IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana
B. The Empire Renewed1. Senate
Subordinated to Caesar’s interests
“Men fit for slaves!”
2. Equites Expanded ranks of wealth
businessmen More room for upward
mobility
3. Citizens Treated veterans well Placated the poor with
food and entertainment
Ben-Hur chariot race
IV. The Augustan Age and Pax Romana
4. Divine Augustus Restoration of religion and
traditional values Emperor worship
5. Poetry and patronage Horace and Virgil The Aeneid (19 BCE)
6. Geographical expansion From Europe to Africa to
Judea
Aeneas’ journey
hydro/aqua = water
hydroplane hydroelectric aquarium
cur = run
curriculum
cursive
current
Dido and Aeneas (early 1700s)
B. After Augustus
Death “Have I played the part
well? Then applaud as I exit.”
“Behold, I found Rome of clay, and leave her to you as marble.”
Succession Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero
Expansion of boundaries
Tile mosaic of Christian persecution under Nero
The Roman Empire to 117 C.E.
Epilogue
Augustan peace vs. the peace of Christ