Aim: To Analyze the Analysis of Cantilever Beam
SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No. Date:
SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECH
(AUTONOMOUS)RVS NAGAR, CHITTOOR-517127
DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGM.Tech- I- Sem
(CAD/CAM)Modeling Lab (12BCM11)LABORATORY MANUALPrepared
byDEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RVS
NAGAR, CHITTOOR-51712
Auto CAD
1. IntroductionFirst of all lets have a look at the AutoCAD 2010
interface. When you open it the initial workspace is at Initial
Setup Workspace. You can change it to 2D Drafting & Annotation,
3D Modeling and AutoCAD Classic mode as necessary by clicking the
Workspace Switching menu at lower right corner. We will proceed
with 2D Drafting & Annotation for 2D drawings. In this
workspace only the tools for 2D drawing are given. In 3D Modeling,
all the tools for 3D drawing are given. But in Initial Setup
Workspace, both the 2D & 3D drawing tools are given. So
sometimes it is preferable to work in Initial Setup Workspace. In
AutoCAD Classic the interface of the software from 2000-2008 are
given. If anyone, who is very much habitual with the previous
versions, can use this workspace for convenience instead of the new
one which was adopted from 2009.LineKeystroke Icon location " L" To
construct a line from one point to another: The command should be
co-ordinate based (as mentioned previously) or directly inputting
the length (which is actually easier and used in practical
field).For example, if you need to draw a line of 10 inch long,
your command should be:LEnter(or click the icon) Specify first
point : Click at the starting point and hold cursor towards the
desired directionSpecify next point:10"Enter EscIf you need to draw
a line 10mm away at the right of your last entered point, then you
can do it by first drawing a 10mm line, or you can give direct
input. For that you have to use @ symbol. The starting point should
be indicated by co-ordinate (@10,0) then the length either by
co-coordinator by giving line length (relative co-ordinate).
Now, if the line needs to be drawn at a specific angle, such as
45, then the command should be:LEnter(or click the icon)
Specify first point : Click at the starting point and hold
cursor towards the correct directionSpecify next
point:10"Draw>Circle Draw a circle based on a center point and a
radius. But there are other inputs to draw. Click the arrow in the
icon, there will be a drop down menu showing you the other options
like center & diameter, 2point, 3point etc.For example, to draw
a circle of radius 4", center at (1', 1'), the commands should
be:CEnter(or click icon)Specify center point of circle:1',1'Enter4"
EnterRectangleKeystroke
Icon
location "R" Home > Draw > Rectangle
Can be draw in 2 ways:No.1: showing two opposite diagonal points
of the rectangle.No.2: giving the arm lengths of the rectangle
(first along X axis, second along Y axis)For example, to draw a
rectangle 10" x 5, the commands should be: REnter (or click
icon)Specify first corner point. Select any
point.@10mm,5mmEnterPolygonKeystroke Icon location "POL" Home >
Draw > Polygon
Used to construct polygon, rectangle, triangle or any object
consisting as many sides as needed of equal length.Example:polEnter
(or click icon)
Enter no.ofsides:6Select Center of polygon: 20,12Select one
option:Inscribed in circleorCircumscribed about circleEnter radius
of circle: 4For the command Inscribed in circle or Circumscribed
about circle; your object will be likeor Remember, if you choose
Inscribed in circle, the length of each sides of the object will be
equal to the value of radius. On the other case, the lengths will
be greater than the radius.ArcKeystrokeIcon
location "A" Home > Draw > Arc
Draws an arc of specific dimension. It can be drawn in various
ways. Click the arrow button on the icon. The options will
appear.
For a 3 point arc, the command should be:aEnter (or click
icon)Specify start point of arc: 20,10EnterSpecify second point of
arc: 5,2EnterSpecify end point of arc: 5,2Enter
Details on Line:In the previous lesson, you have learnt how to
draw a line. But still problem can arise regarding placing a line
at a certain direction. So clear your conception.Look at the two
pictures: Here, you want to draw a line at 45 degree angle with the
horizontal line at the upper side. But when you give the command
for 450, the line goes downward. Why?Because, If you keep the
starting point fixed and rotate the base line, it goes clockwise at
the upper side and counterclockwise at the downward side. As a
result, if you give input of 450 angled lines, it goes downward
making 450 with the base line counterclockwise.
Now, imagine a line at the right side of the point (the dotted
green line).Give line command and hold your cursor above the green
line - as you want to draw a line above it at 45 degree angle. Now
give input for 45 degree.This time the line stays at the desired
side. Because that side is the counterclockwise side of the
imaginedline.But this line is not actually drawn there. So why
didnt the line go downward?Because AutoCAD considersthe line (to
measure angle with respect to) towards which you hold your cursor,
even if it is not drawn on the paper; And of course only the
horizontal line.Dimension:After you have drawn any object, you will
need to show the dimension in the drawing. To do that: go
toAnnotation>Dimension. Click the arrow at the lower right of
the panel. You will have the dialog box as below. Click Modify
button.
Exp: No: 1AIM: To develop the given model by using auto cad 2D
commands and to specify its Dimension.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AUTOCAD 2010 Database.
COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, AND DIMLINEAR.
PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following
procedure will be followed
COMMAND: - Limits:
Specify lower left corner: (0, 0) Specify upper right corner :
(150,100)
Command: ZOOM: [All/Center/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] :
All
Command: LINE:
Specify first point: 0, 0
Specify next point or (undo): 100[00] Specify next point or
(close/undo): 20[900] Specify next point or (close/undo): 40[1800]
Specify next point or (close/undo): 120[900] Specify next point or
(close/undo):20[1800] Specify next point or (close/undo):120[2700]
Specify next point or (close/undo): 40[1800] Specify next point or
(close/undo): C Specify next point or (close/undo): ESC
Command: DIMLINEAR
By using this command give dimensions linearly for drawn object
to indicate its linear dimensions.
PRECAUTIONS:-1. Limits should be given before drawing the
object.
2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location
only.
3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an
object.
RESULT:Hence by using auto cad 2010 2D commands we have drawn
the object model and Dimensions are specified.
EXP NO: 2AIM: To develop the given model by using auto cad 2D
commands and to specify its Dimension.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AUTOCAD 2010 Database.
COMMANDS IN USE: - LINE, CIRCLE, DIMLINEAR, DIMDIA.
PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following
procedure will be followed.
COMMAND: - Limits:
Specify lower left corner: (0,0) Specify upper right corner:
(150,150)
Command: ZOOM:[All/Center/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] :
All
Command: LINE:
Specify first point: 0, 0
Specify next point or (undo): 150[00] Specify next point or
(close/undo): 210[900] Specify next point or (close/undo):
210[2700] Specify next point or (close/undo): C Specify next point
or (close/undo): ESC
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 30,30 Specify
radius of circle or (diameter): d Specify diameter of the circle:
10
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 120, 30 Specify
radius of circle or (diameter): d
Specify diameter of the circle: 10
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 120,120 Specify
radius of circle or (diameter): d
Specify diameter of the circle: 10 Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 30,120 Specify
radius of circle or (diameter): d
Specify diameter of the circle: 10
Command: DIMLINEAR
By using this command give dimensions linearly for drawn object
to indicate its Linear dimensions.
PRECAUTIONS:-1. Limits should be given before drawing the
object.
2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location
only.
3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an
object.
RESULT:Hence by using auto cad 2006 2D commands we have drawn
the object model and Dimensions are specified.
EXP NO: 3AIM: To develop the given model by using auto cad 2D
commands and to specify its Dimension.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AUTOCAD 2010 Database.
COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, DIMLINEAR.
PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following
procedure will be followed.
First draw the axis line (center line),X and Y ,
Command: LINE
Command: LIMITS
Specify lower left corner: 0, 0 Specify upper left corner:
300,300
Command: ZOOM:[All/Center/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] :
All
Command: LINE.
Specify the first point: 0,0
Specify the next point: @150 Boss/Base>Revolve) ok
4. Create circle of 2D sketch of Diameter of 121.92 mm, on right
plane and extrude to 50.8mm (Select the face by (Enter Space
bar> double click the Normal plane) and Draw the 2D sketch as
given above Extrude by (Insert>Boss/Base>Extrude)) ok.
5. Draw the sketch on edge wheel face, sketch for arm hole ,
Select the face by (Enter Space bar> double click the Normal
plane)And Draw the 2D sketch as given below
6. And remove the material by (Insert>cut>Extrude),
through all, OK.
7. Add fillet R12.7mm
inner(Insert>Features>Fillet/Round),add fillet 5.08mm for
corner ok
8. Click Circular Pattern ,click (View>Temporary Axes,)
select center axis as rotation axis
9. ( Give 360 degree and 5 equal spacing) , Select Cut-Extrude1,
Fillet1 and Fillet2 as a Features to Pattern. OK.
10. Click on hub face, insert sketch, sketch center circle
diameter 69.85mm. Extrude Cut to 12.7mm deep.
(Insert>cut>Extrude).
11. Add chamfer 12.7mm to inner cut and add chamfer 6.35mm to
wheel edge ok done. (Insert>Feature>chamfer).
Result:
Thus the given model is complete.THREE LAYER ROPEAIM:
To model the given object using the Sweep and circular step and
repeat feature as per the dimensions given.
PROCEDURE:1. Create a spline curve sketch on Front Plane.(Front
plane(Insert Sketch(Draw the spline using spline tool bar (right
click(end spline)
(Select (close dialog box and(exit sketch.)2. Another spline
curve sketch on top plane(select (Top plane(Insert Sketch(click
Space bar and double click the Normal plane (Draw the spline using
spline tool bar(right click(end spline)
(Select (close dialog box and(exit sketch.)
3. Create 3D plane curve(Using, insert( curve(projected, select
Two (cures) sketches ,When we rotate the geometry it will show 3D
curve. ( Click OK.
4. At one end of the 3D curve, create new
plane.(Insert(Reference Geometry(plane),select curve end point and
edge curve and OK.
5. Create a circle with suitable dimensions, nearby end of the
spline curve.
6. Before finishing sketch (select (Tools(sketch tools(circular
step and repeat) from that given number of rope layers.( 3 or 4).
OK and select finish sketch.
7. Take sweep (insert(boss/base (sweep) command and give Select
profile and there relative circle, and
Select path there relative curve,Options(orientation /twist
type(select (along path),Define by(select turns (give the valve of
50 to 100). (ok done.
Result:
Thus the given model is completed.
ANSYS -14
About the Basic FEA System
The Basic FEA System is composed of three modules: GEOSTAR for
model creation and results display, STAR for linear static
analysis, and DSTAR for buckling and modal analysis. The integrated
system lets you model, analyze, and evaluate your design within one
graphical environment.
Mechanical APDL Release Notes:Release 14.5 of the Mechanical
APDL application offers most of the capabilities from prior
releases plus many new features and enhancements. Areas where you
will find changes and new capabilities include the following:
Structural (p. 17)
Coupled-Field (p. 24)
Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (p. 24)
Acoustics (p. 24)
Diffusion (p. 25)
Radiation (p. 26)
Solvers (p. 26)
Linear Perturbation (p. 28)
Results File (p. 29)
Commands (p. 29)
Elements (p. 34)
Other Enhancements (p. 36)
Also see Known Incompatibilities (p. 39) and ANSYS Customer
Portal (p. xi) for important information about this release.
The Linear Static Analysis Module (STAR):
STAR uses the linear theory of structures, based on the
assumption of small displacements, to calculate structural
deformations. As mentioned earlier, STAR calls the STRESS submodule
to calculate stresses. The STRESS submodule calculates element and
nodal stresses for most elements based on the results from STAR or
DSTAR (modal analysis only). Stresses for multiple load cases are
obtained in a single run and the combination of load cases is
possible in the post processing stage. Stresses can be obtained in
any defined coordinate systems. The STRESS module supports all of
STAR features. In a typical linear static stress analysis, you will
determine the stresses, displacements, strains, and reactions in
the finite element model. The analysis is linear if the
nonlinearities due to various sources can be either linearized or
completely ignored. Results from a linear analysis include nodal
displacements, nodal and element stresses, forces, reactions, etc.
These results can be graphically viewed on the screen or inspected
in the output file.
The following are some important features of the linear static
stress analysis module STAR:
Extensive element library: Isotropic, orthotropic, anisotropic
and composite material properties.
Temperature-dependent material properties.
Failure criteria for composite elements.
Prescribed displacements, with or without other loadings.
Coupled degrees of freedom and constraint equations.
Thermal, gravitational and centrifugal loads.
Beam loading.
In-plane effects in the stiffness evaluation (geometric or
differential stiffness).
Multiple load cases in a single run.
Soft spring option to prevent instabilities.
Substructuring capability (for large problems) to build and
analyze the chosen superelements through condensation and recovery
process.
Fluid-solid interaction.
Gap-friction problems.
Grid-force balance and reaction force calculation.
Asymmetric loading of axisymmetric models.
Strain energy and error calculations.2D and 3D crack element
options: the program computes the stress intensity factors for all
three modes of fracture.
Adaptive P-, H- and H-P versions of the adaptive finite element
method, including three dimensional problems using tetrahedral
elements.
Bonding of (or connecting) non-compatible parts at the common
boundary of the same model even if nodes and element types do not
match. Solid-solid, solid-shell and shell-shell bonds can be made
by specifying the interface geometric entity. This feature can be
used to make curve-to-curve, curve-to surface and
surface-to-surface bonding of your models with non-compatible
meshes. This model consists of tetrahedron solid elements in the
hull of the missile to which the fins modeled with shell elements
are connected.
1.STEPPED BARAIM: For stepped bar to find the nodal
displacement, stress in each element at the fixed end.A1 = 200
mm^2,A 2 = 100 mm^2 and E1 = E2 = 200GPa.
PREPROCESSING
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type >
Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link > 3D finit stn
180> OK>Close.
2. Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants
>Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK
Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 200 >Add >OK
Cross-sectional area AREA >Enter 100 >OK >Close.
3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material
Models
Material Model Number 1, click Structural >Linear >Elastic
>Isotropic
Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OK
(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)
Create the Nodes and elements. As it is stated in the problem
that it uses 2 element model. Hence create 3 nodes and 2
elements.
4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create >
Nodes >In Active CS Enter the coordinates of node 3>OK.
5. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling > Create
>Elements > Elem Attributes > OK >Auto Numbered >
Thru nodes Pick The 1st and 2nd node >OK.
Elem Attributes >change the Real content set number to 2
>OK>Auto Numbered >thru nodes Pick the 2nd and 3rd node
>OK.
6.Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads
>Apply >Structural >Displacement >On Nodes Pick the 1st
node >Apply >All DOF = 0 >OK.
7. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads
>Apply >Structural >Force/Moment >On nodes Pick the 3rd
Node >Ok >Force/Moment value = 500 in FX direction
>OK>Force/Moment >On Nodes pick the 2nd node >OK
>Force/Moment value = -1000 in FX direction.
The model-building step is now complete, and we can process to
the solution. First to be safe, save the model.
Solution: The interactive solution proceeds.8. Main MENU
>Solution >Solve >Current LS >OK
The/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and
the Solve Current Load Step window is shown. Check the solution
options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK, select File
>Close.
In the Solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the
solution is complete, close the Solution is Done! Window.
POSTPROCESSING
We can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the
computed values.
9. Main Menu>General postproc >Plot Results >Contour
Plot >Nodal Solu >DOF >Solution >Displacement vector
sum >OK.
10. Main Menu >General Postproc >Element Table >Define
Table >ADD Select Bysequence num and LS and type 1 after LS as
shown in fig. >OK
11. Main Menu >General Post Proc >Plot Results >Contour
Plot >Elem Table >Select LS1 >OK
Result:
Thus the given model is simulated and verified stress and
deflection.2. TRUSS
AIM: Determine the nodal displacements, element stresses and
support reactions for the three members truss A = 800 mm^2 and E =
200GPa for all members.
PREPROCESSING
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type >
Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link > 3D finit stn
180> OK>Close.
2. Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants
>Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK
Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 800 >Add >OK
Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 800 >Add >OK
Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 800 >Add >OK
3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material
Models
Material Model Number 1, click Structural >Linear >Elastic
>Isotropic
Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OK
(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)
Create the Nodes and elements. As it is stated in the problem
that it uses 2 element model. Hence create 3 nodes and 2
elements.
4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create >
Nodes >In Active CS Enter the coordinates of node 3>OK.
5. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling > Create
>Elements > Elem Attributes > OK >Auto Numbered >
Thru nodes Pick The 1st and 2nd node >OK.
Elem Attributes >change the Real content set number to 2
>OK>Auto Numbered >thru nodes Pick the 2nd and 3rd node
>OK.
6. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads
>Apply >Structural >Displacement >On Nodes Pick the 1st
node >Apply >All DOF = 0 >OK
7. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads
>Apply >Structural >Force/Moment >On nodes Pick the 2nd
Node >Ok >Force/Moment value = 8000 in FX direction
>OK>Force/Moment >On Nodes pick the 2nd node >OK
>Force/Moment value = -12000 in FY direction.
Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply
>Structural >Displacement >On Nodes Pick the 3rd node
>Apply >FY = 0 >OK
The model-building step is now complete, and we can process to
the solution. First to be safe, save the model.
Solution: The interactive solution proceeds.
8. Main MENU >Solution >Solve >Current LS >OK
The/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and
the Solve Current Load Step window is shown. Check the solution
options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK, select File
>Close.
In the Solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the
solution is complete, close the Solution is Done! Window.
POSTPROCESSING
We can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the
computed values.
9. Main Menu>General postproc >Plot Results >Contour
Plot >Nodal Solu >DOF >Solution >Displacement vector
sum >OK.
10. Main Menu >General Postproc >Element Table >Define
Table >ADD Select Bysequence num and LS and type 1 after LS as
shown in fig. >OK.
11. Main Menu >General Post Proc >Plot Results >Contour
Plot >Elem Table >Select LS1 >OK.
Result:
Thus the given model is simulated and verified stress and
deflection.3.WALLS
AIM: To Determine the Temperature Distribution of combined plane
walls.
PREPROCESSING
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type >
Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link > 3D finit stn
180> OK>Close.
2. Main Menu>Preprocessor> Element Type>
Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Click on Link>then on 3D
conduction(Link 33)>OK>Add>Click on Link >then on 3D
convection 34 >Ok>Close.
3. Main Menu>Preprocessor >Real
Constants>Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Click on Link 32>Ok.
Enter cross-sectional area AREA>Enter 1>OK
Add>Click on Link 34>Ok
Enter cross sectional area AREA>Enter 1>Ok>Close.
Enter the material properties.
4. Main Menu >Preprocessor>Material props>Material
Models
Material Model Number 1,
Click Thermal >Conductivity >Isotropic
Enter KXX=30>ok
Then in the material model window click on Material menu >New
model>OK
Material Model Number 2,
Click Thermal>Conductivity>isotropic
Enter KXX=50>Ok
Then in the material Model window click on Material menu>New
Model>OK
Material Model Number 3,
Click Thermal>Conductivity>Isotropic
Enter KXX=20>ok.
Then in the material model window click on Material menu >New
Model>OK
Material Model Number 4,
Click, Thermal>Convection or film coef.
Enter HF=25>ok
(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)
Create the nodes and elements.
5. Main
Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Nodes>InActive CS
Enter the coordinates of node 1>Apply Enter the coordinates of
node 2>Apply Enter the coordinates of node 3>Apply>Enter
the coordinates of node 4>Apply Enter the coordinates of node
5>Ok
6. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create
>Elements>Elem Attributes>ok>Auto Numbered>Thru
nodes Pick the 1st and 2nd node>Ok
>Elem Attributes>change the material number to
2>Ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 2nd and 3rd
node>Ok
>Elem Attributes>change the material number to
3>OK>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 3rd and 4th
node>OK
>Elem Attributes >change the element type to Link
34>Change the material number to 4>Change the real constant
set number to 2>Ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 1st
and 5th node >Ok
Apply the boundary condition and temperature.
7.
MainMenu>Preprocessor>Loads>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Temperature>On
nodes pick the 4th node >Apply >Click on TEMP and Enter Value
-20>OK8.
MainMenu>Preprocessor>Loads>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Temperature>On
nodes pick the 5th node>Apply>Click on TEMP and Enter Value
=800>OK.
Solution: The interactive solution proceeds.
9. Main Menu>Solution>Solve>Current LS>ok
The/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and
the solve current Load Step Window is shown. Check the solution
options in the/STATUS window and if all is OK, select
File>Close
In the solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the
solution is complete, Close the Solution is done.
Post processing
We can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the
computed values.
10.Main Menu >General Postproc >Plot Results>Contour
Plot>Nodal Solu>DOF
11. Main Menu >General Postproc>List Results>Nodal
Solu>Select Temperature>Ok
Result:
Thus the given model is simulated and verified Temperature at
each node of elements.CAM
WORD DETAILS:
Although the control will, in general, accept part programming
words in any sequence, it is recommended that the following word
order for each block is used.
N; G; X or U; Z or W; I; K; F; S; T;
O: PROGRAM NUMBER The O followed by a 4 digit numeral value is
used to assign a program number.
Example: O1002
N: SEQUENCE NUMBER
The N word may be omitted. When programmed, the sequence number
following the N address is a four digit numerical value and is used
to identify a complete block of information. Although ascending,
descending, or duplicate numbering is allowed, it is best to
program in ascending order in increments of 10. This allows for
future editing and simplified sequence number search.
G: PREPARATORY COMMAND:
The two digit G command is programmed to set up the control to
perform an automatic machine operation. A full list of G codes are
given, one G word from each modal group and one non modal G word
can be programmed on the same block.
Example:
Valid N 100 G00 G40 G41 G90 G95
*G40 & G41 are from the same group.
A retained G word (Modal) from one group remains active until
another G word from the same group is programmed.
One-shot G word (Non-Modal) must be programmed in every block
when required.
G-CODES LISTING FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:
Note: - NOT ALL G CODES APPLY TO EACH MACHINE.
Group 1G00Positioning (Rapid Traverse)
1G01Liner Interpolation (Feed)
1G02Circular Interpolation CW
1G03Circular Interpolation CW
0G04Dwell
0G10Offset Value Setting By Program
6G20Inch Data Input
6G21Metric Data Input
9G22Stored Stroke Check On
9G23Stored Stroke Check Off
0G27Reference Point Return Check
0G28Reference Point Return
0G29Return from Reference Point
0G30Return to 2nd Reference Point
0G31Skip Function
1G32Thread Cutting
1G34Variable Lead Thread Cutting
0G36Automatic Tool Compensation X
0G37Automatic Tool Compensation Z
7G40Tool Nose Radius Compensation cancels
7G41Tool Nose Radius Compensation Left
7G42Tool Nose Radius Compensation Right
0G50Work Co-ord. Change/Max. Spindle Speed setting
0G65Macro call
12G66Macro Modal Call Cancel
12G67Macro Modal Call Cancel
4G70Finishing Cycle
4G71Stock Removal in Turning
0G72Stock Removal in Turning
0G73Pattern Repeating
0G74Peck Drilling in Z Axis
0G75Grooving in X Axis
0G76Thread Cutting Cycle
1G90Cutting Cycle A
1G92Thread Cutting Cycle
1G94Cutting Cycle B
2G96Constant surface Speed Control
2G97Constant Surface Speed Control Cancel
11G98Feed per Minute
11G99Feed per Revolution
NOTES FOR G CODE LISTING: Note 1:-
G Codes of 0 group represent those non modal and are effective
to the designed block.
Note 2:-
G Codes of different groups can be commanded to the same block.
If more than one G codes from the same group are commanded, the
latter becomes effective.
AXIS DEFINITIONS:- Z AXIS:-
The Z axis is along a line between the spindle and the
tailstock, or the center line of rotation of the spindle. Minus (-)
movements of the tool are left toward the head stock; positive (+)
movements are right towards the tailstock.
X AXIS:-
The X axis is 90 degrees from the Z axis (perpendicular to the Z
axis). Minus (-) movements of the tool are toward the center-line
of rotation, and positive (+) movements are away from the center
line of rotation.
X: X AXIS COMMAND:-
The X word is programmed as a diameter which is used to command
a change in position perpendicular to the spindle center-line.
U: X AXIS COMMAND:-
The U word is an incremental distance (diameter value) which is
used to command a change in position perpendicular to the spindle
center-line. The movement is the programmed value.
Z: Z AXIS COMMAND:-
The Z word is an absolute dimension which is used is used to
command a change in position parallel to the spindle
center-line.
W: Z AXIS COMMAND:-
The W word is an incremental distance which is used to command a
change of position parallel to the spindle center-line.
Do not program X & U or Z & W in the same block. If an X
axis command calls for no movement it may be omitted.
X, U or P: DWELL:-
The X word is used with G04 to command a dwell in seconds.
The P word is used with G04 to command a dwell in
milliseconds.
I WORD:-
For arc programming (G02 or G03) , the K Value (with sign) is
programmed to define the incremental distance parallel to the Z
axis, between the start of the arc and the arc center.
K WORD:-
For arc programming (G02 or G03), the K value (with sign) is
programmed to define the incremental distance parallel to the Z
axis, between the start of the arc and the arc center.
The maximum arc for I & K programming is limited to the
quadrant. If I or K is zero, it must be omitted.
F WORD:-
a) In G99 mode the F word is used to command feed/rev.b) In G98
mode the F word is used to command feed/min.c) In G32 mode the F
word specifies the lead (pitch) of the thread.P WORD:-
a) Used in automatic cycles to define the first block of a
contour.b) Used with M98 to define a subroutine number.Q WORD:-
Q words are used in automatic cycles to define the last block of
a contour.
R WORD:-
For circular interpolation (G02 or G03) the R word defines the
arc radius from the center of the tool nose radius (G40 active) -
or the actual radius required (G41/ G42 active).
S WORD:-
a) In the constant surface speed mode (G96) the four digit S
word is used to command the required surface speed in either feet
or meters per minute.b) In the direct R.P.M mode (G97), the four
digit S word is used to command the spindle speeds incrementally,
in R.P.M between the ranges available for the machine.c) Prior to
entering constant surface speed mode (G96) the S word is used to
specify a speed constraint, the maximum speed you wish the spindle
to run at. To set this restraint the S word is programmed in
conjunction with the G50 word. T WORD:-
The T words are used in conjunction with M06. Those are used to
call up the required tool on an automatic indexing turret machine,
and to activate its tool offsets. M WORD:-
An M word is used to initiate auxiliary functions particular to
the machine. One M code can be programmed with in one program block
together with other part program information.
M- CODE LIST FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:-All M Codes marked with
an asterisk will be executed at the end of a block (i.e., after the
axis movement).
*M00PROGRAM STOP
*M01OPTIONAL STOP
*M02PROGRAM RESET
M03SPINDLE FORWARD
M04SPINDLE REVERSE
*M05SPINDLE STOP
M06AUTO TOOL CHANGE
M07COOLANT "B" ON
M08COOLANT "A" ON
*M09COOLANT OFF
M10CHUCK OPEN
M11CHUCK CLOSE
M13SPINDLE FORWARD & COOLANT ON
M14SPINDLE REVERSE & COOLANT ON
M15PROGRAM INPUT USING."MIN P" (SPECIAL FUNCTION)
M16SPECIALTOOL CALL (TOOL CALL IGNORES TURRET)
M19SPINDLE ORIENTATE
M20SPINDLE INDEX A
M21SPINDLE INDEX 2A
M22SPINDLE INDEX 3A
M23SPINDLE INDEX 4A
M25QUILL EXTEND
M26QUILL RETRACT
M29SELECT "DNC" MODE
M30PROGRAM RESET & REWIND
M31INCREMENT PARTS COUNTER
M37DOOR OPEN TO STOP
M38DOOR OPEN
M39DOOR CLOSE
M40PARTS CATCHER EXTEND
M41PARTS CATCHER RETRACT
M43SWARF CONVEYOR FORWARD
M44SWARF CONVEYOR REVERSE
M45SWARF CONVEYOR STOP
M48LOCK % FEED AND % SPEED AT 100%
M49CANCEL M48 (DEFAILT)
M50WAIT FOR AXIS IN POSITION SIGNAL (CANCELS
CONTINUOUS PATH)
M51CANCEL M50 (DEFAILT)
M52PULL-OUT IN THREADING = 90 DEGRESS (DEFAILT)
M53CANCEL M52
M54DISABLE SPINDLE FLUCTUATION TESTING (DEFAILT)
M56SELECT INTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION "F")
M57SELECT EXTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION "F")
M62AUX.1 ON
M63AUX.2 ON
M64AUX.1 OFF
M65AUX.2 OFF
M98SUB PROGRAM CALL
M99SUB PROGRAM END
FACING CYCLE[BILLET X25 Z70]
G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T1 ;( FACING TOOL)
M03 S1200;
G00 X26 Z0;
G94 X0 Z-0.5 F50;
Z-1.0
Z-1.5
Z-2.0
Z-2.5
Z-3.0
Z-3.5
Z-4.0
Z-4.5
Z-5.0
Z-5.5
Z-6.0
Z-6.5
Z-7.0
Z-7.5
Z-8.0
Z-8.5
Z-9.0
Z-9.5
Z-10.0
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;
TURNING CYCLE[BILLET X28 Z70]
G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T1 ;( FACING TOOL)
M03 S1000;
G00 X25 Z1;
G94 X24 Z45 F50;
X23
X22
X21
X20
X19 Z-40
X18
X17
X16
X15
X14 Z-20
X13
X12
X11
X10
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;
500 N
200 mm
Stress pattern for stepped bar
100 mm
1000 N
INTRODUCTION
Page 1