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CC O S CA S THIN NH V
NHNG IU HUYN DIU
CUC I CC O S PHT GIO V I CA N V TY TNG
Masters of Meditation and Miracles: Lives of the Great Buddhist
Masters of India and Tibet
TULKU THONDUP Harold Talbott hiu nh
Bn dch Vit ng ca Thanh Lin
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Ni dung
LI CM N GHI CH CA TC GI LI NI U
Quyn Mt
LI GII THIU C PHT THCH CA MU NI
Sau c Pht
PHT GIO TY TNG BA CCH TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA CC TANTRA NYINGMA NI
NI CHUNG
S Truyn Tm ca ch Pht Nhng Trao truyn Biu tng ca cc Tr minh vng S
Truyn Khu ca cc nh Kh hnh
NHNG DNG TRUYN THA CA BA TANTRA NI CHNH YU DNG
NYINGMA Mahyoga Anuyoga Atiyoga (Dzopa Chenpo)
Semde Longde Me-Ngade
Quyn Hai
DNG TRUYN THA LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG
GIO L LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG DNG TRUYN THA CC O S LONGCHEN NYINGTHIG
1. Php Thn 2. Bo Thn 3. Ha Thn 4. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje) 5.
Manjushrmitra 6. Shrsimha 7. Jnnastra 8. Vimalamitra 9. Guru
Rinpoche, Padmasambhava Guru Rinpoche Ving thm Ty Tng Nm Phi ngu
chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng
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Nhng t chnh ca Guru Rinpoche Ty Tng 10. Knkhyen Longchen Rabjam
(1308-1363) 11. Rigdzin Jigme Lingpa (17301798) 12. Dodrupchen Nht
Jigme Thrinle zer (17451821) 13. Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku (1765-1843) 14.
Dola Jigme Kalzang (th k mi chn) 15. Dzogchen Mingyur Namkhe Dorje
T (1793-?) 16. Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje (18001866) 17. Gyalse
Zhenphen Thaye (1800-?) 18. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Dorje (th k mi
chn) 19. Paltrl Jigme Chkyi Wangpo (18081887) 20. Dodrupchen Nh
Jigme Phntsok Jungne (1824-1863) 21. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
(1820-1892) 22. Nyoshl Lungtok Tenpe Nyima (1829-1901/2) 23. npo
Tendzin Norbu (th k mi chn) 24. Adzom Drukpa Drodl Pawo Dorje
(18421924) 25. Lushl Khenpo Knchok Drnme(18591936) 26. Dodrupchen
Tam Jigme Tenpe Nyima (1865-1926) 27. Shuksep Lochen Chnyi Zangmo
(18651953) 28. Dzogchen Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935) 29.
Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943) 30. Yukhok Chatralwa Chying
Rangtrl (18721952) 31. Kathok Khenpo Ngawang Palzang (1879-1941)
32. Alak Zenkar Pema Ngdrup Rlwe Dorje (1881-1943) 33. Dzongsar
Khyentse Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959) 34. Kyala Khenpo Chechok Thndrup
(18931957) 35. Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Paljor (19101991) 36. Chatral
Sangye Dorje (sinh nm 1913) 37. Dodrupchen T Rigdzin Tenpe
Gyaltsen(1927-1961) 38. Dodrupchen T Thupten Thrinle Palzang (sinh
nm 1927) CY TRUYN THA TC PHM TRCH DN CH THCH
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Li Cm n
Ti xin cm n Harold Talbott bi tr tu v s kin nhn ca ng trong vic
hiu nh quyn sch ny vi s thn trng ln lao v nhn thc su sc; cm n
Michael Baldwin v s h tr v hng dn khng h ngng ngh cho nhng d n Pht
Php ca ti trong hn mi lm nm; cm n Lydia Segal truyn cm hng cho ti
trong vic kt hp thnh quyn sch ny v r sot li nhiu phn ca quyn sch;
cm n nhng nh bo tr ca Buddhayana, nh s bo tr ca h m t 1975, ti c th
s dng nhng nm thng ca i mnh bin son v dch thut nhng gio l Pht gio
qu bu; cm n David Drove h tr v vi tnh; Jonathan v Joan Miller chm
sc sc khe cho ti; cm n Th vin ring ca Kyabje Dodrupchen Rinpoche ti
Cha Mahasiddha Nyingmapa, Hawley, Massachusetts, v Th vin Lehman ti
i hc Columbia, Thnh ph New York, v nhng ngun ti liu qu bu; cm n
Victor v Ruby Lam cho php ti s dng cn h thoi mi ca h.
Ti xin cm n Steven Goodman c nhiu ng gp su sc v chun b cho bng
ch dn. Ti cng cm n Zenkar Thupten Nyima Rinpoche, Khenpo Chyag,
Gelong Konchog Tendzin, Ani Ngawang Chdron, Ani Lodr Palmo, v nhiu
ngi khc cung cp rt nhiu thng tin c gi tr.
Ti xin cm n thy Samuel Bercholz v nhn vin ca Nh Xut bn Shambhala
cung cp phng tin ton ho tiu s ca nhng o s n c vi cc c gi. Xin cm n
Larry Mermelstein trau chut cho quyn sch bng ti nng bin tp ca anh.
Xin cm n Kendra Crossen mang li cho quyn sch s hiu bit su xa ca c v
vn hc, v cm n Brian Boland trnh by quyn sch vi s ti hoa ca anh.
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Ghi ch ca Tc gi
Ti vit hoa nhng ch gc (Ming gZhi) ca mi t trong ting Ty Tng c
chuyn t bo m cc t c c mt cch ng n v d dng. i vi vic k m cho ch Ty
Tng, ti ch yu theo hng dn ca y ban Dch thut Nland do Larry
Mermelstein cung cp.
T u n cui quyn sch ti thm vo cc t trong du ngoc n lm cho ngha ca
nhng bn vn trch dn tr nn r rng hay cung cp nhng t tng ng trong Phn
ng, Tng ng, hay Anh ng ca chng. Ti cng cung cp mt s cch dch khc hay
nhng t ng ngha trong nhng du ngoc vung [ ].
Trong phn th mc, f l ch vit tt ca folio, (s t) cch nh s trang
theo kiu Ty Tng; v p l ch vit tt ca page theo cch nh s trang ca Ty
phng.
Trong nhng ch thch, ta ca cc bn vn trch dn c biu th bng nhng ch
vit tt, chng hn nh BC thay cho sNying Thig Gi brGyud Debs Byin
rLabs Char rGyun do Jigme Lingpa khm ph. Cc ta y c xp theo mu t abc
c lit k trong Tc phm Trch dn cui quyn sch ny. Khi mt bn vn theo cch
nh s trang kiu Ty Tng c trch dn, cc ch biu th ta c i theo bi s
folio, n c ch a hay b theo sau ch r mt trc hay sau ca folio. ng k l
s dng. V d nh, BC 1a/1. Trang v nhng s dng khng c ch a hay b biu th
cch nh s trang theo kiu Ty phng.
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Li Ni u
Cc o s ca s Thin nh v nhng iu Huyn diu l mt tuyn tp tiu s ca cc
v Thy chng ng m cuc i th trn y s an bnh, gic ng v nhng iu huyn diu
l lng. Cc ngi n r Ty Tng, Mi nh ca Th gii, trong thi i hong kim ca
n. Nhng o s ny thuc dng Longchen Nyingthig, phi Nyingma ca Pht gio
Ty Tng.
Longchen Nyingthig (tm yu ca s rng ln v hn, hay chn l ti hu ca s
m trng ph qut) l mt gio kha gm nhng gio l b mt trnh by s thin nh
thm su ca Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn), do Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798), mt
hc gi v bc lo thng v i, khm ph. Jigme Lingpa khm ph nhng gio l ny
nh mt terma tm (hay kho tng tm), nhng gio l c khm ph t bn tnh gic
ng ca tm. n Jigme Lingpa v sau t ngi cho n ngy nay, s trao truyn
Longchen Nyingthig c truyn qua dng truyn tha ca nhiu o s gic ng, m
nhng v c cuc i kit xut nht c gii thiu trong quyn sch ny.
Trong qu kh, khi ti c nhng tiu s m ti tm tt y, ti thy l nhng cuc
i y cm hng v k diu nht. Nhng vo lc ny, khi ti thut li cc tiu s bng
nhng li l v cm xc ca ring ti, bn thn ti thng xuyn tri qua nhng kinh
nghim au kh, gian lao, hay phn khch cng nh an bnh, h lc, sng ngi,
hay s khong t m cc o s tri qua. V th nhng cuc i khng cn l nhng cu
chuyn c hay cc i tng bn ngoi ngh tng na. Chng l nhng le sng ni tm
ca cc o s, l chn tnh ca nhng cuc i gic ng. Trong chn tnh , mi giai
on v nhng biu l khc nhau ca cc cuc i c ng cm, ging nh nhng con sng
vo i dng, mt khi nc duy nht. Nu nhng tiu s ny c c nh nhng cu chuyn
vi nhng nhn thc thng tu v y cm xc th s cm hng l li lc tt p nht c th
c c. Nu nhng cuc i c c cm nhn v hp nht vi nhng kinh nghim ca cc o
s, chc chn l nhng cu chuyn s lm pht khi s chng ng tm linh, tnh
thng, s an bnh, khong t, sng ngi, v kh nng cha lnh trong tri tim c
gi.
i vi ti, tht khng ng v qu l iu bt kh khi ti c trnh c im in hnh
ca cc tiu s Ty Tng, l vic a ra nhng danh mc bt tn nhng v Thy, gio
l, v t ca cc o s, mc d nhng danh mc c th tht t nht i vi nhng c gi
khng phi l ngi Ty Tng. Nhng ti c gng khng cho nhng chi tit ny lm
gim bt tnh cht sng ng ca cu chuyn k. Mi khi c th, ti c gng a ra
nhng cm xc su xa v nhng cuc i tm linh, v ng thi nhng cuc i bn ngoi
hng ngy ca cc o s: lm th no cc ngi i mt v cha lnh ni au kh ca thn
xc cc ngi, cc ngi i x vi s ri lon cm xc ra sao, lm cch no cc ngi
chin thng nhng o tng v mt tm linh hay thin nh ca mnh, v quan trng
hn na, cc ngi kinh nghim g khi nh thc Pht Tm thm su v nhng Pht cht
(phm hnh ca Pht) ca ring cc ngi.
Quyn sch ny c hai phn, phn u l mt gii thiu tiu s ngn gn ca c Pht
v mt danh sch cc dng chnh yu ca Pht gio Ty Tng. Trong khi trnh by
cuc i ca c Pht da trn nhng Kinh in truyn thng, ti
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c gng gii thiu cuc i ny trong phm vi ngha ca n v nhng li ging dy
ca ngi hn l mt chuyn k c tnh cht lch s. i vi danh sch cc dng truyn
tha ca Pht gio Ty Tng, ti a ra mt nt phc ha cu trc ca mt vi dng
chnh, nhng c t chi tit v nhng dng hay nhng gio l ca chng.
Phn th hai l phn chnh ca quyn sch. N trnh by nguyn l ca ba thn
Pht v tiu s ca ba mi lm o s ca dng Longchen Nyingthig.
Ba thn Pht l Dharmakya (Php thn), thn ti thng, l s hon ton m
trng, bn tnh tuyt i ca c Pht; Sambogakya (Bo thn), thn h lc, nh r
mi hnh thc Pht ch thc xut hin khng c s nh nguyn ch th-i tng; v
Nirmanakya (Ha thn), thn c hin l, l nhng hnh thc ca Pht c chng sinh
bnh thng tri gic. Ba thn Pht l nhng sui ngun ca cc gio l ti thng,
chng hn nh Longchen Nyingthig.
o s u tin ca dng Longchen Nyingthig trong thn tng con ngi l
Prahevajra (cng c gi l Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H). Cuc i ca nhng o s
trong loi ngi lc ban u t Prahevajra xung ti Guru Rinpoche (th k th
9) c mt phm tnh c nht v nh. Nhng cuc i c hin l nh mt nng lc mnh m v
gii lut v cc thnh tu, s hu nhng ph bm v nng lc siu phm. T Longchen
Rabjam tr i, mc d cuc i ca nhng o s sau ny phn nh mt con ng, s hin
dng, v nng lc khc bit vi chng ta, nhng cc ngi vn c nhiu kinh nghim
tng t vi nhng gian kh, kh au, v cm xc ca ring ta, v ta c th tng tng
bn thn ta n lc ta c c nng lc ca cc ngi hin dng, cha lnh, v chng ng.
Nh vy, cuc i ca cc o s lc ban u l nhng cuc i quan trng nht, nhng i
vi nhiu c gi th cuc i ca nhng o s sau ny d lm cho chng ta nhn thc v
ng cm hn.
Dng nh c hai l do khin c hai loi tiu s ny. Nhng thay i trong ngh
thut bin son gii thch mt vi d bit gia nhng tng thut v cc o s lc ban
u v cc v sau ny. Nhng l do chnh l s thay i hon cnh, nhng kh nng ca
c ta v mc khong t v nhn thc ca h.
Thm na, trong s nhng tiu s ca cc o s sau ny, c nhiu v chng hn nh
Do Khyentse, ra i vi tr tu v nng lc k diu, trong khi nhng v khc nh
Dodrupchen Nht v Jigme Gyalwe Nyuku, t c nhng thnh tu tm linh ti
thng nh gii lut ca s kh hnh v hin dng. Nhiu o s thng i mt vi nhng
chng ngi khc nghit trong hnh trnh tm linh ca cc ngi, nhng nng lc ca
s thu sut, ha nguyn, v cm hng ca cc ngi khng ch gi gn cho cc ngi
trn con ng m cn dn dt cc ngi ti mc tiu.
S trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig chy qua nhiu o s ca nhng dng
truyn tha khc nhau. Trong quyn sch ny ti ch c th a vo nhng o s chnh
yu ca bn thn dng Longchen Nyingthig v nhng o s c lin h trc tip
trong vic lm cho s trao truyn Longchen Nyingthig i ti nhng v Thy ca
ti v sau ti ti.
C rt nhiu ti liu lin quan ti cuc i ca nhiu o s, nhng i vi mt vi
o s quan trng nh Dola Jigme Kalzang, Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye, Khenpo
Pema Dorje, Dodrupchen Nh, v npo Tendzin Norbu, th ti ch c th
tm
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c rt t ti liu. Ngoi ra, ti tp trung nhiu hn vo cc o s m chng ta
c t ti liu bng Anh ng v cc ngi hn l nhng o s m tiu s c th tm thy
trong Anh ng.
Nhng o s m cuc i c ghi chp trong quyn sch ny l mt s v trong nhiu
c nhn him hoi m chng ta c c Ty Tng trong lch s ko di hn mi th k ca
Pht gio. Tuy nhin, chng ta khng nn c cm tng rng hu ht nhng ngi Ty
Tng u l cc thin gi v i v nhng bc lo thng thnh tu ph din nhng nng lc
huyn diu, nh tiu thuyt Lost Horizon (Chn Tri Mt) c th miu t! Nhng o
s thnh tu nh th rt him c Ty Tng nu so snh vi ton th dn chng. ng
thi, chng c l do g nghi ng vic cc ngi l nhng bc c nng lc tm linh v
chng ng v i. Ni no c nhng hon cnh thch hp v c s hin dng tuyt i cho
s tin b ca phm tnh tm linh ca tm hn l s tin b vt cht, th ngi ta s c
chng kin nhng thnh tu tm linh nh th khng ch trong nn vn minh Ty
Tng, m cn trong nhiu nn vn ha trong ton b lch s th gii trong nhng
thi i hong kim giu c tm linh.
i vi ti ti liu trong quyn sch ny l ngun ti liu gy cm hng nht m
ti tng c khi bin son. Mi o s th hon ton khc bit nhng cc ngi li rt
ging nhau. Mi o s v i c c tnh c nht v nh hin l, c vai tr ng, c ni
chn thc hin trong dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig qu bu ny. Hu ht
cc o s v i ny ra i, bin mt vo qu kh xa xi, nhng s hin din ca cc ngi
trong dng truyn tha qu bu ny, nhng li dy ca gio l gic ng ca cc ngi,
v nng lc mang li nhng gia h ca cc ngi th vn li vi chng ta.
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Quyn Mt
Li Gii thiu
PHT l chn l ph qut, v Pht gio l con ng nhn ra chn l . Pht l chn
tnh, s m trng (rng rang), v trng thi gic ng ca th gii, nh n l. Mi s
xut hin c tnh cht hin tng ch l nng lc hin l ca chnh chn tnh , nh
chng xut hin. Nu chng ta nhn ra chn tnh ca ring ta, s an bnh ti
thng, s m trng, nht nh, v gic ng, th chng ta l tt c ch Pht. Khi mi
hin tng s t nhin xut hin nh ci tnh ca Pht, nng lc ca chn tnh.
Pht gio l nhng giai on ca con ng chng ng Pht qu, v chnh l nhng
gio l truyn cm hng cho ta t ti s chng ng .
c Pht Shkyamuni (Thch Ca Mu Ni) (th k th nm-th t trc Cng nguyn)1
l mt trong nhiu bc thnh Pht nh con ng ca Pht gio trong thi i ny ca
chng ta. Ngi l o s truyn b con ng thng c gi mt cch ph thng l Pht
gio. Nhng Ngi khng phi l v Pht duy nht, v Pht gio khng ch gii hn
trong nhng li dy ca Ngi.
Cc tantra (Mt in) l nhng Kinh in b mt nguyn thy ca Pht gio. Chng
bao gm nhiu tantra Nyingma, chng hn nh cc tantra ca gio kha
Longchen Nyingthig. Cc tantra ny khng nht thit l nhng iu c ghi chp
li t nhng li dy ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni. Tuy nhin, cc tantra l nhng
gio l Pht gio bi chng xut pht t cc thn Pht, v chng mang li nhng
phng php dn chng ta ti Pht qu. Ngoi ra, cc tantra do cc mn chng ng
ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni khm ph v ph hp vi gio l ca Ngi.
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c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni
C PHT Shkyamuni (c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni), ng Ton Gic, n sinh hn hai
mi lm th k trc gia nhng du hiu k diu, trong vn Lumbin (Lm T Ni),
ngy nay thuc v Nepal. Thn ph ca Ngi l Vua Shuddhohana (Tnh Phn) v
thn mu l Hong hu Mydev (Ma Da) thuc dng Shkya (Thch Ca). Ngi c t tn
l Siddhrtha (Tt t a) v chng bao lu Ngi thng tho nhiu loi kin thc v
tinh thng nhiu ngh thut tr thnh bc tr v trong tng lai ca vng quc.
Cui cng, v phi ngu ca Ngi l Cng cha Yashodhar (Da Du La) hoi thai
con trai ca ngi, Thi t Rhula (La Hu La).
Thi t Siddhrtha sng trong nhng lc th v xa hoa th tc tt nh c th c
c trong thi i ca ngi. Thm ch thn ph ngi cn c gng ngn cn khng Ngi
nhn thy hay bit v nhng ni c cc ca dn chng. Nhng Siddhrtha nhn ra
rng trong th gian ny khng ai c c nim vui chn tht v khng c g ngoi ni
kh au, ni kh trn ngp ca tui gi, bnh tt, ci cht, v nhng thng kh v
tn. Mi s sinh ra u kt thc trong ci cht, mi t hi u kt thc trong phn
ly, v mi s trn tr nim vui s kt thc trong au kh. Mi hot ng th tc, d
trc tip hay gin tip, ch gy nn au kh ca s khng hi lng. Tt c nhng au
kh ny c bt r trong cch tm thc tip cn sai lm khi bm chp vo ci ng,2
hng hc nhng cm xc sn hn v dc vng, v thm mun nim vui kh au, nh khi
khao kht cm gic ca vic gi nga. Siddhrtha quyt nh tm ra phng php gii
thot khi lun hi au kh v dn dt nhng ngi khc, nhng b m chng sinh, ti
s chng ng gii thot v gic ng.
Nm Ngi hai mi chn tui, sau khi c thn ph min cng cho php Ngi t b
i sng th tc, Ngi tr thnh mt ngi kh hnh lang thang khng nh. Ngi tm n
nhiu hin nhn ni ting n v thin nh theo li ging dy ca h. Ngi thin nh
trong khi tun gi nhng kh hnh kht khe trong su nm bn b Sng Nairajnan
(Ni Lin Thin). Nhng s theo ui ny gip ngi pht trin nhng tng thin nh
cao, s an bnh, v hoan h, nhng khng a c Ngi ti mc ch ti thng m Ngi
ang tm kim: hon ton thot khi vic bm chp vo bn ng, bi tt c nhng thnh
tu vn cn st li t nhiu s chp ng.
Nm ba mi lm tui, sau khi nhn ra rng kh hnh thn xc khng phi l mt
phng tin hu hiu t c chn l, Siddhrtha ung mt t sa nguyn
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cht. Sau khi t nui dng bn thn, Ngi i ti Vajrsana (Kim Cng Ta),
ngy nay c gi l Bodhgay (B o Trng) bang Bihar, n . , vo m trc ngy
trng trn ca thng Vaishkha (Thng T/Nm), Ngi an ta trong t th thin nh
di mt cy c (ashvattha) (t c gi l Cy B ) v nhp nh.
Sau khi tri chng vng ti, nhng lc lng qu ma tp trung trc mt Ngi
vi nhng s hm da v cm d ngn tr khng cho Ngi t c Gic ng. Cc lc lng qu
ma nh nhng m my ln gm ln nhng li e da v xung nhng trn ma v kh. Cc
trinh n p nh tin xut hin v nhy ma trc ngi khuy ng nhng gic quan ca
ngi. Nhng khng iu g lay chuyn c tm Ngi, v Ngi an tr trong thin nh v
lng t i. Trn ma v kh tr thnh ma hoa, v mi s xut hin dn dn tan bin
nh mt o nh.
Sau , vo canh mt,3 Ngi nhp bn tng thin nh (t thin) (bSam gTan
bZhi). Cp (tng) u tin (S thin) l thin nh nht tm vi h (dGa) v lc
(bDe), la b nhng cm th ca dc gii, t c cp ny nh ngh tng (rTog) v phn
tch (dPyod) nhng cm th l th lu v tiu cc. Cp th hai (nh thin) l thin
nh nht tm trong tm trong tro vi h v lc, la b nhng t tng v s phn tch
nhng cm th nh trong cp u tin. Cp th ba (tam thin) l thin nh nht tm
vi lc, la b vic cm thy h lc trong cc cm th nh trong cp th hai nh s
x b (bnh thn), hi tng, v tnh gic. Cp th t (t thin) l thin nh nht tm
vi s x b, bng phng tin ca chnh nim thun tnh, la b nhng cm xc v lc
ca cp th ba nh nhn ra n qu th tho.
Sau , vi tm hon ton an tnh, t ch, chi sng, nhu nhuyn, v trong
tro c c nh bn tng thin nh, Ngi tp trung vo vic pht trin ba trng thi
ca s tnh gic (Rig Pa Gsum). (1) Ngi t c thin nhn thng4 thu sut v vn
chi tit v nhng thng trm ca tt c chng sinh cng vi nghip ca h, nguyn
nhn to nn nhng thng trm . (2) Ngi t c tc mng thng,5 l kh nng thu
sut v s i qu kh ca bn thn Ngi v nhng ngi khc v nhng iu xy ra v kinh
nghim ca nhng cuc i vi y chi tit. (3) K , vo sng sm ngy trng trn,
Ngi t c lu tn thng6 bng cch suy tng v chng ng bn cht ca mi hai duyn
khi (thp nh nhn duyn) (rTen Brel bChu gNyis), nh lut ca cuc i.
Trong giai on ny, ngi nhn ra rng do bi (1) v minh (khng gic ng)
nn sinh ra (2) hnh, l s hnh thnh ca nghip (hnh ng theo ch), do hnh
sinh ra (3) thc, do thc sinh ra (4) danh sc (nhng hin tng khch quan
thuc tinh thn v vt l), do danh sc sinh ra (5) lc nhp, l nng lc ca
su gic quan, lc nhp sinh ra (6) xc, l s tip xc (ca cc i tng, gic
quan, v nhng ng dng ca chng), xc sinh ra (7) th, th sinh ra (8) i
(s tham mun), i sinh ra (9) th (s bm chp), th sinh ra (10) hu, l s
tr thnh (hin hu), do hu sinh ra (11) sinh, bnh, (12) gi, au kh, v
cht. Khi Ngi cng chng ng nh lut ca tin trnh o ngc mi hai duyn khi
(thp nh nhn duyn). Do chm dt v minh nn hnh (s hnh thnh ca nghip)
chm dt, v v.v..
Ngi chng ng bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ) (Phags Pai bDen Pa bZhi) ca
mi mt trong mi hai duyn khi. Ngi thu sut v minh l g, u l
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nguyn nhn ca v minh, u l s chm dt v minh, v u l con ng ca s chm
dt v minh, v v.v..
Ngi chng ng bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ). (1) Ngi chng ng chn l v kh
au (kh ), nhn ra rng ton b s hin hu th tc khng c g ngoi mt chui kh
au. (2) Ngi chng ng chn l v nguyn nhn ca kh au (tp ), l nghip vi
nhng th lc cm xc bt r trong s tham mun (i) v bm chp (th) vo bn ng.
(3) Ngi chng ng chn l v s chm dt au kh (dit ), s thnh tu Nit bn, s
gic ng. (4) Ngi chng ng chn l v con ng chm dt au kh (o ), s tu tp
bt chnh o, tc l chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh hnh, chnh mng,
chnh tinh tn, chnh nim, v chnh nh.
Sau , trc lc bnh minh, ngi nhp nh nh kim cng, kin c, bi khng c s
ngn tr no c th hy dit c n; vng chc, bi khng b lay ng bi nhng nim
tng; c bn cht nht nh, bi mi s trong u ng mt v (nht v); v trm khp,
bi n l chn tnh ca mi s hin hu. Trong mt khonh khc duy nht ngi ht
sch ngay c nhng du vt vi t nht ca cc che chng m ngi nui dng trong
bn thn, hon thnh s chng ng ba trng thi tnh gic, v tr thnh ng Ton
gic, c Pht. Ngi bay vt ln khng trung ti mt cao bng by cy tal (cy c)
v an ta , ngi tuyn b:
Hm nay, mi s ti sinh [i vi ta] chm dt. Con ng hon tt. Khng cn iu
g theo ui na.
V:
Ta chng ng mt Gio Php nh-cam l. N l mt sng t trong tro (tnh
quang): khng c to tc, su xa, an bnh, v
vt mi n lc dng cng.
Trong bn mi lm nm cn li ca i Ngi, c Pht du hnh khng mi mt vi i
chn trn v sng bng cch kht thc mi ngy mt ba. Vi tnh thng v tr tu, c
Pht ging dy phng php t c Pht qu v phng s Tng on ca Ngi, l cng ng
tng, ni v nhng ngi sng m, v tt c nhng ngi Ngi gp v nhng ngi n vi
Ngi. Trong thi gian , c Pht ging dy nhng con ng khc nhau cho nhng
ngi c tnh kh7 d bit.
Theo cc truyn thng Mahyna (i tha) v Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha) ca
Pht gio th c Pht khng ch ging dy Hnayna, Pht gio thng thng hay chnh
thng (Thanh Vn tha) m cng dy Mahyna, Pht gio tin b (i tha), v
Vajrayna, Pht gio b truyn (Kim cng tha).
Gio l Hnayna (hay Theravdin) ca c Pht c gi l Tripitaka (Tam
Tng). l Vinaya (Lut tng), ging dy v gii lut o c ca cng ng tu s v
nhng c s sng m; Abhidharma (Lun tng), dy v tr tu ca tm l hc v siu
hnh hc Pht gio; v Stra (Kinh tng), dy v nhng thin nh v nhng b Kinh
khc nhau.
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13
Bi thuyt php u tin ca ngi l v bn chn l cao qu (T Diu ). Gio l ny
ging ngha ton b s pht trin ca chu k tinh thn v vt l ca th gian v
chu k o ngc li. Ngi ging dy gio l ny cho nm t-tu s u tin ca Ngi ti
Vn Lc Uyn, hin nay c gi l Srnth, gn Vrnas (Ba La Ni) n . c Pht
ni:
Hi cc tu s, c bn chn l cao qu. l kh (kh ), nguyn nhn ca kh (tp
), s chm dt ni kh (dit ), v con ng chm dt ni kh (o ). (1) Chn l cao
qu ca au kh (Kh ) l g? l ni kh ca sinh, lo, bnh, t, phi xa la nhng
iu mong mun, phi gp nhng iu khng a thch, v khng c c nhng iu mnh tm
kim. Tm li, nm un ca s tham luyn l kh. iu ny c gi l kh . (2) Chn l
cao qu ca nguyn nhn au kh (Tp ) l g? l s tham mun gy nn s ti hin hu
(hay li tr thnh chng sinh) v nhng iu c i km theo bi dc vng am m, v
nhng g tm thy ton b nim vui trong [hay dnh mc vo] ci ny v ci kia.
iu ny c gi l nguyn nhn ca au kh (tp ). (3) Chn l cao qu ca s chm dt
au kh (dit ) l g? S chm dt au kh l s hon ton chm dt v hon ton thot
khi dc vng, tham mun, l ci to nn s ti-hin hu v l ci c i km bi dc
vng am m, v l ci tm kim, to ra, v ht sc ham thch ci ny v ci kia.
(4) Con ng dn ti s chm dt au kh (o ) l g? l Bt chnh o, bao gm chnh
kin, chnh t duy, chnh ng, chnh hnh, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn, chnh
nim, v chnh nh.8
S thnh tu nhng qu v ca Pht gio ty thuc vo nhng n lc ca bn thn c
nhn hnh gi, v nhim v ca c Pht ch l ging dy v gy truyn cm hng cho h.
c Pht ni:
Ta ch ra con ng gii thot. Cc con nn hiu rng s gii thot ca cc con
ty thuc vo chnh cc con.9
Tinh ty ca vic tu tp Pht gio l ch hnh ng vi gii lut ng n v
iu
phc tm ca chnh mnh bng Bt Chnh o. c Pht ni:
Khng lm iu c. Thc hnh mi iu thin. iu phc tm mnh. l li Pht
dy.10
Nu chng ta c th iu phc tm ca ta, mi hnh vi ca thn ta s t
nhin
c gii hnh nghim minh. bi tm dn dt tt c. c Pht ni:
Tm l yu t chnh, v n dn dt mi hnh ng. Vi mt tm thc thanh tnh, d
con ni hay lm iu g S ch mang li hnh phc. N ging nh mt ci bng lun i
theo sau.11
Khi chng ta thu sut v chng ng chn l ca cuc i v bn tnh ca tm
ta, chng ta s thot khi mi au kh. c Pht ni:
Bng tr tu, khi cc con nhn ra rng mi s duyn hp Th v thng,.. au
kh.. v v ng,..
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14
Cc con s khng bao gi b thng tn bi bt k au kh no. l con ng chn
chnh!12
i vi cc t ca Mahyna (i tha), c loi ngi ln nhng phi-nhn,
c Pht truyn dy gio l Mahyna chng hn nh tr tu siu vit (tr tu ba
la mt) v tinh ty Pht trn Ni Gridhrakta (nh Linh Thu) Rajgir
(Rjagriha, Vng X) n v nhiu ni khc. Bi cha ti lc truyn b gio l
Mahyna nn gio l ny ch c ban cho mt s t ngi. Nhiu th k sau ny, gio l
Mahyna c khm ph cho cng chng bi nhng o s gi gn cc gio l v cng bi
nhiu v mang gio l tr v t nhng x s v h thng th gii khc nhau.
Hu ht cc gii lut Mahyna c t trn Hnayna, hay nhng gio l Pht gio
thng thng, nhng thi v ci thy (kin, quan im) th khc nhau. Lng i bi
cng l mt thc hnh quan trng trong Pht gio thng thng, nhng hng nhn
lnh ton b trch nhim v nhng ngi khc hay hng tr th cho ti khi mi b m
chng sinh u c gii thot c gi l B tm, tm gic ng. Tu tp su ba la mt13
vi B tm l cch tip cn c nht v nh ca Mahyna.
i vi ci thy, nim v khng (tnh Khng) l ct li ca gio thuyt i tha.
Trong ngha tuyt i hay chn l ti thng th mi hin tng l tnh Khng, v trn
bnh din tng i hay theo chn l quy c th mi s xut hin nh s duyn khi,
ging nh mt gic mng, o nh, hay s phng chiu. V th hai chn l th hp
nht, v chng l bn tnh ca mi s m khng c cht mu thun no. Tnh Khng khng
phi l s ph nh hay khng c g ht, m l mt s hon ton m trng (rng rang) v
thot khi tm thc nh nguyn, nhng s nh danh c tnh cht khi nim, hay
nhng nim v mi s cc oan, c (hu) hay khng (v), cng c cng khng hoc
khng c khng khng. Tr tu nguyn s, l tnh Khng v s nhn ra tnh Khng, ng
thi thu sut mi s m khng c gii hn no. Tr tu ny cng c biu tng nh b m,
sui ngun hay ni an tr ca tt c ch Pht
V mt tu tp,14 trc tin nhng mn ca i tha s dng tm th tc ca h v
nhng nim khi trong tm nh phng tin t c Pht qu, v nh tin trin qua tin
trnh , cui cng h t c Pht qu. c Pht ni:
Ch v B Tt t c tr tu chng ng [s hp nht] ca s duyn khi v
bn tnh ca tnh Khng bt sinh bt dit, Ging nh nhng tia sng ca mt
tri khng b my che xua tan bng ti, Tiu dit v minh v thnh tu [Pht
qu]15 hin din t nhin.
V:
Con l ly b m v i ca ch Pht ba thi, Tnh Khng, l phm vi ca tr tu
t-tnh gic, Thot khi nhng s nh danh, t tng v nhng biu l, V bt sinh v
bt dit, nh khng gian.16
V:
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15
Sc l Khng. Khng l sc. Khng khng la sc. Sc chng la Khng.17
i vi cc mn Kim Cng tha, thnh gi trong loi ngi v phi nhn m
tm thc thun thc mt cch khc thng, c Pht ban nhng qun nh hay nhp
mn (abhisheka) v cc gio l tantra,18 gio l b mt Guhyasamja v
Klachakra v v.v.. ti Dhnyakataka Odddiyna, v nhng ni khc, bng cch t
bin thnh hnh thc Bo thn, s hin l chn thc ca c Pht. Nhiu th k sau,
khi ng thi, nhng gio l c mang tr li t nhng x s khc nhau v c tit l
cho cng chng. Ngoi ra, nhiu tantra c ch Pht tit l cho nhiu bc lo
thng chng ng v i.
Nhng gio l tantra khng ch l nhng li ging dy m cn chuyn ch mt s
trao truyn nng lc b mt, s chng ng tr tu nguyn s. S trao truyn ny xy
ra trong l qun nh (trao quyn) cho t i vo vic hc tp v chng ng
tantra. K t duy tr s tng tc ca trao truyn , v iu c gi l s tun gi
samaya, gii nguyn b mt. Vi samaya khng b t on, t tu tp hai giai
on.19 Giai on pht trin ty sch s tham luyn vo cc hin tng, thn, v tm.
Trong giai on , vi n lc trong tm, ta qun tng th gii, thn, v tm nh
mn la ca Bn Tn, xut hin nhng trng khng, tnh ha s sinh v t v trng
thi trung m. Giai on ton thin hon thnh nhng thnh tu nng lc, gia h v
chng ng. Trong giai on ny, nh a kh/nng lc v tm vo kinh mch trung
ng, ta chng ng v hon thin tr tu, l ci g hin din bm sinh, trm khp v
thot khi nhng t tng. Nhng tu tp Mt tha20 hin thn mt thin xo phi
thng ca s ton thin. Chng hn nh, chng hon thin tm ta nh s hp nht ca
s chng ng tnh Khng v s xut hin ca tt c nh tr tu ca i lc (hay lng bi
mn) v nh ba thn Pht. Tu tp Mt tha mang li s thnh tu Pht qu ngay
trong i ny. c Pht ni:
Gio l ca mt v h tr-kim cng [trantra] c t nn trn hai giai on. l
giai on pht trin v giai on ton thin.21
V:
S bt kh phn [hp nht] ca tnh Khng v lng bi mn c gi l Tm Gic
ng.22
tui tm mi,23 vo ngy trng trn ca thng Vaishkha (Thng T/Nm),
an ta di cy shla (Shorea robusta) ti Kushinagara (Cu Thi Na) min
bc n , c Pht tuyn b vi cc mn ca ngi:
Cc tu s. Ta sp nhp Nit bn. ng su no v iu . Nu cc con c vn g th
hy hi ta khng ai phi hi hn v b l mt c hi nh th.
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16
Ngi lp li cu ny ba ln, nhng tt c u im lng. Sau c Pht ci thng y v
l b ngc vng ca ngi, lp i lp li rng mi ngi hy chim ngng thn tng ca c
Pht, l iu rt him c chng kin. Mi ngi cm thy bnh an nh thin nh bng
cch chim ngng khng chp mt thn tng thun tnh nh vng rng ca c Pht. Sau
, mt ln na, Ngi mc y v nm nghing v bn phi, Ngi nhp i nit bn, s hon
ton chm dt kh au, an bnh ti thng, Pht qu. Ngi ri b thn tng nh sui
ngun ca s gia h, hi tng cc gio l v s hin din ca c Pht.
SAU C PHT
Sau c Pht, by v trng lo, ng ch nht l Mahkshyapa (i Ca Dip) v
nanda (A Nan); hai bc xut chng v su Php bo ca Mahyna (i tha), ng k
nht l Ngrjuna (Long Th) v Asanga (V Trc); tm mi bn i thnh tu gi ca
Kim Cng tha, ng k nht l Saraha v Nropa; v tm tr minh vng, ng k nht
l Prahevajra v Manjushrmitra, duy tr v truyn b Pht php, c Kinh in
ln Mt in, n v a chng ti hu ht mi ni trong lc a chu .
Khong nm th k sau c Pht, Gio l i tha bt u c truyn b rng ri. Sau
, mi th k sau c Pht, gio l Kim Cng tha bt u c truyn b rng ri n , nh
nh hng ca i tha. V th Pht gio dn dn pht trin thnh hai trng phi
chnh: Hnayna, Pht gio chnh thng, v Mahyna, Pht gio tin b (i tha).
Hnayna c truyn b sang cc quc gia pha nam v Mahyna sang cc quc gia
pha bc ca chu . S pht trin ny tri qua nhng bin i sut cc thi i, nhng
t lc bt u cho ti th k hai mi th s phn b i khi nh sau: Pht gio
Mahyna, theo Kinh in Phn ng, c truyn b Nepal, Trung , Trung quc, Hn
quc, Java, Sumatra, Nht Bn, Ty Tng, Bhutan, v Mng C. Pht gio
Hnayna, hay Theravdin (Pht gio nguyn thy), theo Kinh in Pli, c
truyn b ti Sri Lanka, Min in, Thi Lan, Cam Bt (Cao Min), v Lo. Ti
Vit Nam, c Hnayna ln Mahyna u c thc hnh.
Tht khng may, vo th k mi hai, bn cht bt bo ng ca Pht gio khin n
bin mt khi n , ni sn sinh ra Pht gio, trc s thng tr ca ngi theo n
gio, v sau ny, bi nhng cuc xm lc ca ngi theo Hi gio. Tuy nhin, Pht
gio vn cn pht trin ti Sri Lanka, Thi Lan, Min in, Nepal, ng dng,
Trung quc, Nht Bn, Ty Tng, Bhutan, Mng C, v nhng quc gia khc Chu .
Ngy nay, trong th k hai mi, Pht gio c a tr li n v pht trin n nhiu
ni khp a cu.
Mt trong nhng thin xo c nht v nh ca Pht gio l s hin din ca nhiu
cch tip cn trong cch nhn (quan im) v vic tu tp. Lankvatra-stra
(Kinh Lng Gi) ni: Trong mt chng mc no cc t tng vn tip tc le ln cho
cc chng sinh, khng c gii hn i vi cc tha hay cch tip cn Gio Php.
Trong th gii c v s chng sinh, mi ngi trong c mt bn tnh v kh nng khc
nhau. V th cn phi c nhng con ng khc nhau h thc hnh ph hp vi bn tnh
ca h. Nhng khng th ging dy nhiu tha nh s
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17
chng sinh c. Tuy nhin c Pht ban nhiu loi gio l Kinh in v tantra
(Mt in) khc nhau cho nhng ngi h cn, trung cn v thng cn, tt c nhng
gio l y u dn ti cng mt mc ch. Ty thuc vo nhng phng php khc nhau m
ta theo ui, ta c th nhanh chng t c mc ch hay sau khi thc hnh lu
di.
phn bit tnh cht ca ba tha, ngi ta a ra mt v d l mt loi cy c, tng
trng cho nhng nhim ca tham, sn, v si. Trong Hnayna mt hnh gi n trnh
s nguy him ca cht c. Trong Mahyna, hnh gi tiu dit cht c bng nhng
cch i tr. Trong Vajrayna (Kim Cng tha), hnh gi chuyn ha cht c thnh
tr tu siu vit.
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Pht gio Ty Tng
PHT GIO Ty Tng bt u t th k th by, trong triu i ca Vua Songtsen
Gampo (617-698).24 Trong th k th chn, vo thi ca Vua Trisong Detsen
(790-858),25 Shntarakshita, Guru Rinpoche (c Padmasambhava, Lin Hoa
Sanh), Vimalamitra, v nhiu hc gi v hin nhn v i nht ca thi i n c mi
sang Ty Tng. Vi hng trm dch gi, cc ngi dch gio l Hnayna, Mahyna, v
Vajrayna sang ting Ty Tng. Ty Tng tr thnh mt trung tm pht trin cho
ton b cc loi gio l o Pht. T th k th chn cho ti gia th k hai mi, Ty
Tng bo tn gio l ca ba tha trong mt s trao truyn khng t on.
Tt c nhng ngi Ty Tng u l Pht t, theo Mahyna v Vajrayna. Gia
Hnayna v Mahyna c nhiu khc bit v trit hc, gii lut, v nhng nguyn c,
nhng thi c cho l vn chnh yu phn bit hai tha ny. Ngi thc hnh Pht gio
ch yu l v hnh phc v s gii thot ca bn thn l mt ngi theo Hnayna. Ngi
thc hnh vi B tm, thi nhn trch nhim v hnh phc v s gii thot ca nhng
ngi khc, l mt ngi theo Mahyna, mt B Tt. Ty Tng, t nht vo lc bt u mt
thi kha thc hnh, nu ta bt u vi s pht trin B tm, th ta ang c gng tr
thnh mt mn ca con ng Mahyna (i tha).
Khng nhng trong cc Lt ma v tu s m c cc c s, khng ai Ty Tng m
khng nhn nhng qun nh tu tp Mt tha; v th, tt c nhng ngi Ty Tng cng l
cc mn ca Mt tha. n c, tantra c thc hnh b mt, nhng Ty Tng hu ht cc
tantra c thc hnh m khng b nhiu hn ch. Cc v Thy quan st rng vic thc
hnh tantra ty thuc vo lng knh ngng (sng m) i vi gio l, n ni lng knh
ngng bo m cho mt ngi c nhn cc gio hun. X n khng bao gi hon ton hin
mnh cho Pht gio, nhng ton b x Ty Tng theo o Pht; v th s cn thit phi
gi b mt v s phn bit trong vic cho php nghin cu cc tantra hai ni ny
th khng ging nhau.
Ngoi cc gio l Mahyna v Vajrayna, nhiu Kinh in Hnayna, chng hn nh
bn s phn chia cc bn vn vinaya (Lut tng) v nhiu Kinh in, to thnh nn
tng ca thc hnh Pht gio Ty Tng. V th Ty Tng l mt x s trong ton b gio
l Pht gio c bo tn v thc hnh trit .
Cc trng phi khc nhau bn truyn thng chnh v nhiu truyn thng ph ca
Pht gio xut hin Ty Tng. Nhng cch hiu gio l Kinh in thay i vi nhng
hc gi Ty Tng, nhng nhng phn bit chnh yu nm trong nhng cch hiu v thc
hnh tantra. Cc tantra c dch t Phn ng trc th k mi mt c gi l Ngak
Nyingma, tantra c, v cc tantra c dch trong v sau th k mi mt c gi l
Ngak Sarma, tantra mi. C nhng tantra c dch trong thi k u ln thi k
sau, nhng nhiu tantra c dch trong thi k u nhng khng c dch li trong
thi k sau. Mt s tantra c dch trong thi k u b tht lc, v th ch nhng
bn dch trong thi k sau l cn tn ti. V mt s bn dch lc u c hiu nh
trong thi k sau v tn ti nh cc tantra ca nhng trng phi lc ban u v
sau ny. Cc tantra ring ca phi Nyingma l ba tantra ni, tc l cc
tantra Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga.
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Kt qu l bn dng hay trng phi chnh pht trin Ty Tng. Trng phi ca
truyn thng Pht gio Mt tha nguyn thy ca Ty Tng c gi l Nyingma, C
Phi. Cc mn ca tn tantra pht trin thnh ba trng phi khc:
1. Kagy, do Marpa Lotswa (1012-1099) sng lp 2. Sakya, do Khn
Knchok Gyalpo (1034-1102) sng lp 3. Geluk, do Je Tsongkhapa
(1357-1419) sng lp
Trong truyn thng Kinh in khng c s phn chia nhng bn dch c hay mi
(cu dch hay tn dch). Nhng s phn chia p dng cho cc Kinh in Ty Tng l
phn chia ca nhng truyn b lc ban u v sau ny. S truyn b lc ban u
(bsTan Pa sNga Dar) m ch nhng gio l c truyn b trc triu i ca Vua
Lang Darma, ngi c quy cho ti hy dit Pht gio, l tn gio ngoi quc, Ty
Tng. S truyn b sau ny (Phyi Dar) bt u vi vic cng c li Kinh in Pht
gio sau vic m st Lang Darma vo nm 906. S khng nh c tnh cch lch s ca
phi Nyingma lin quan ti thi k chuyn tip do vic b o ca triu nh gy ra
l trong khi Pht gio Kinh tha b ngn cm th s bc hi khng hy dit c vic
thc hnh Pht gio Mt tha, bi vic thc hnh khng ph thuc vo mt cu trc tu
vin v c th bc hu hnh, v cng bi s hi nng lc ca tntrika v i Nupchen
Sangye Yeshe, ngi e da vua Lang Darma bng mt s ph din nhng iu thn
diu.
Nhiu Kinh in v tantra (Mt in) c dch thut trong thi k truyn b ban
u c dch li hay hiu nh trong giai on truyn b v sau, khin cho, mc d
mt vi thay i trong nguyn bn, chng u chung nht trong c hai giai on.
V d nh nhng Kinh vn sau y cn tn ti cc bn dch lc ban u v v sau: hu
ht trong s mi ba quyn Vinayapitaka (Lut Tng); ton b bn vn
Prajnpramit (Bt nh ba la mt a); ton b su quyn Ratnakta (Kinh i Bo
Tch); su quyn Avatamsaka (Kinh Hoa Nghim); nhiu Kinh in v
Mantrasamgraha; v Mahparinirvna-stra (Kinh i Bt Nit Bn), tt c nhng
g thuc v Kanjur (bKa Gyur), tuyn tp cc gio l Kinh in ca c Pht
(trong 104 quyn gm khong 1.046 lun thuyt). Nhiu bn vn Tenjur (bsTan
Gyur), tuyn tp nhng tc phm ca cc hc gi n (trong 185 quyn gm khong
3.786 lun thuyt) c dch sang ting Ty Tng, cng c gi gn trong c tn dch
ln cu dch. Mn ca c hai s truyn b ng vi nhau trong vic chp nhn tt c
Kinh in l xc thc v trong vic thc hnh chng. Nhng d bit xut hin do
nhng cch gii thch khc nhau v cc bn vn ca cc hc gi Ty Tng cng nh s
khc bit trong vic nh r nhng bn vn c ngha tuyt i (Nges Don, liu
ngha) v nhng bn vn c ngha tng i (Drang Don, bt liu ngha).
Lin quan ti vic pht hin cc tantra, cc tantra chnh trong Tn
tantra c c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ging dy trong khi Ngi t hin l l nhng
Bn Tn Bo thn. Cc mn ca Tn tantra phn loi Pht gio nh sau:
BA THA THUC NGUYN NHN:
Shrvakayna (Thanh Vn tha) Pratyekabuddhayna (c Gic tha)
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20
Bodhisattvayna (B Tt tha)
BN THN CH THA THUC KT QU: Kriyyoga Charyyoga Yogatantra
ANUTTARATANTRA (Mt in Du gi Ti thng): tantra cha tantra m tantra
bt nh
Theo cc Nyingmapa, nhng mn ca cc Tantra C, hu ht cc tantra
Nyingma do cc thn tr tu ca ch Pht ban cho nhng bc lo thng Pht
gio v i. Nyingma phn loi ton b gio l Pht gio thnh chn yna (chn
tha).
BA THA B MT:
1. Shrvakayna (Thanh Vn tha) [Hnayna] 2. Pratyekabuddhayna (c
Gic tha) [Hnayna] 3. Bodhisattvayna (B Tt tha) [Mahyna]
Su Tha Mt in [Vajrayna]:
BA THA NGOI: 4. Kriyyoga 5. Charyyoga 6. Yogatantra
BA THA NI:
7. Mahyoga (i du gi) 8. Anuyoga (A nu du gi) 9. Atiyoga (i Vin
mn)
Ba tantra ni l nhng tantra c bit ca Nyingma. c bit l Atiyoga,
hay
Dzopa Chenpo (Phn ng: Mahsandhi26 hay Ati), l nh cao ca Pht gio.
Mt ngi c s thng tu thng tha thc hnh con ng ny vi s tinh tn s t c
trng thi tuyt i trong ba nm; mt ngi c mc thng tu trung bnh s t c
trong su nm; v mt ngi km thng tu s thnh tu trong mi hai nm.
Mt s cc tantra trong ba tantra ni c bao gm trong tuyn tp Kanjur,
nhng c mt tuyn tp ring bit ca ba tantra ni c gi l Nyingma Gybum
trong hai mi lm (hay ba mi mt) quyn. Cng c nhiu tantra ca truyn
thng ny xut hin t nhin trong tm ca cc o s chng ng. C nhiu bn vn
sdhana v tantra c Guru Rinpoche trao truyn, nhng gio l ny do Guru
Rinpoche v phi ngu ca ngi ct du v c hng trm tertn khm ph li nh
Terma (gTer) vo nhng thi i khc nhau, t th k mi mt cho ti nay.
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21
T thn Atiyoga c ba phn: Semde, Longde, v Me-ngagde. o s Shrsimha
phn chia Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha, tc l cc Gio kha Ni, Ngoi, B mt,
v B mt Thm su. Cc gio l Me-ngagde ni chung, v c bit l Gio kha B mt
Thm su, c gi l Nyingthig (Tinh ty Thm su).
Nh thc hnh Trekch (Khreg Chod, ct t) ca Atiyoga ni chung, v c
bit l ca Nyingthig, nhiu thin gi chng ng bn tnh ni ti ca tm v nhanh
chng ha nhp tm mnh vo bn tnh ti thng, Pht qu, ngay trong i ny. Vo
lc cht, vi nhng tia sng, hng thm, v nhng vng nh sng, nhiu v tan bin
nhc thn, ch li tc, mng tay, v mng chn. iu c gi l thnh tu thn cu vng
hay thn nh sng cu vng (Ja Lus), bi nh sng xut hin trong tin trnh
tan r v cc ngi t c thn nh sng-tr tu ca Bo thn.
Nh thc hnh Thgal (Thod rGal, s tip cn trc tip) ca Nyingthig, cc
thin gi v i cng t c Pht qu, v vo lc cht, nhiu v chuyn ha nhc thn
thnh thn nh sng, v an tr lu di trong theo mun, v ch c nhng bc chng
ng mi c th nhn thy thn nh sng . iu ny c gi l thn cu vng ca s i
chuyn ha (Ja Lus Pho Ba Chen Po).
Ngoi mi by tantra (rGyud bChu bDun), Nyingthig bao gm nhiu
tantra v gio l khc do cc tertn khm ph. V d nh, Chetsn Nyingthig do
Chetsn khm ph (v Khyentse Wangpo ti khm ph); Khandro Nyingthig do
Pema Ledreltsal khm ph; Karma Nyingthig do Karmapa Tam Rangchung
Dorje khm ph; Dorsem Nyingthig ca truyn thng Vairochana do Knkyong
Lingpa khm ph; Longchen Nyingthig do Jigme Lingpa khm ph; Bair
Nyingthig do Chgyur Lingpa khm ph, v Tsasum sal Nyingthig do
Khyentse Wangpo khm ph. Nhng gio l tng t cng c tm thy trong nhiu
gio kha ca gio l Nyingma m khng c nh r l Nyingthig, chng hn nh
Gongpa Zangthal do Rigdzin Gdem khm ph; Dorje Nyingpo do Longsal
Nyingpo khm ph; v Sangye Lakchang do Namch Mingyur Dorje khm
ph.
Trong tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig ny, Vima Nyingthig, c
Vimalamitra trao truyn Ty Tng, v Khandro Nyingthig do Guru Rinpoche
trao truyn, m v sau ny c truyn b nh nhng pht hin v tc phm ca
Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363), l nhng gio l su xa v phc tp nht v
Nyingthig.
Trong th k mi tm, Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph gio kha
Longchen Nyingthig cng vi mt vi tantra Nyingthig nguyn thy nh
terma. S khm ph ny a cc gio l Nyingthig ti ch c nhiu ngi yu qu nht.
Ngy nay, Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig c gi l Cu Nyingthig v
Longchen Nyingthig c gi l Tn Nyingthig.
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22
Ba Cch Trao truyn Trc h ca cc Tantra Nyingma Ni Ni chung
Nhng gio l Mt tha ni tuyt i b mt ca Nyingma xut pht t c Pht
nguyn thy v i ti cc v Thy ca chng ta nh ba cch trao truyn. l cch
truyn tm ca ch Pht, trao truyn bng biu tng ca cc Tr minh vng, v khu
truyn ca cc nh kh hnh.
S TRUYN TM CA CH PHT
S truyn tm ca ch Pht (rGyal Ba dGongs brGyud) l s trao truyn
c
nht v nh tn ti gia cc v Pht. Ch bng vic nhn ra ngha ca cc tantra
nh v Thy (Pht), on ty tng gm cc t (ch Pht l nhng hin l ca bn thn
Ngi) cng c cng s chng ng. y l s trao truyn bn tnh tm ca Thy v t.
Cng c loi truyn tm th yu hay tng t trong cc t khng l mt vi v Thy s
tr nn bt kh phn trong tm vi v Thy nh phng tin l s gia h ca Thy.
Dharmakya (Php thn) an tr khng bin i sut ba thi (qu kh, hin ti,
v tng lai) trong th kin chi ngi v s bt kh phn ca Php gii v tr tu
nguyn s, l c Pht nguyn thy v bn tnh tuyt i ca mi hin tng.
Nh nng lc s ph din ca lng bi mn bao la v s quang minh t nhin ca
ci thy v Php thn, bn tnh ca tr tu nguyn s l ci khng th ch ra m cng
khng th m t, nm thun cnh ca Bo thn hin din. V vy trao truyn ny c gi
l s ging dy ca Php thn, mc d vic ging dy trc tip khng thc s xy ra.
Nm thun cnh l:
NI CHN: Ci tnh v song, xut hin t nhin nh tri gic v cng thanh tnh
ca tr tu nguyn s. O S: Vajradhara (Kim Cng Tr), ng c trang hong y
nhng ho tng chnh v ph. T: Ch Pht thuc nm b v nhng mn la nh i dng gm
cc Bn Tn ha bnh v phn n, nhng v bt kh phn vi bn thn v Thy. GIO L:
Gio l kh din by ca Vajrayna su xa v thing ling; bn tnh tuyt i ca cc
hin tng. THI GIAN: Ba giai on ca thi gian khng bin i.
NHNG TRAO TRUYN BIU TNG
CA CC TR MINH VNG
S trao truyn biu tng ca cc tr minh vng (Rig Dzin brDa brGyud) l
s trao truyn t mt v Thy h tr-tr tu chng ng v hon thin tr tu nguyn s
ca tantra cho cc t B Tt m tm thc hon ton thun thc th
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23
nhn gio l. V Thy tp trung tm ngi, tr tu tnh gic nguyn s, v n
thun a ra biu th hay c ch tng trng (mudr, n) v tht ln nhng ch linh
thing, nhng cu hay nhng bi ht tng (thn ch), v khi t lp tc thu hiu
ngha vin mn ca tantra. Cch trao truyn ny cng c gi l trao truyn tnh
gic ca cc B Tt.
Nh th, cc tantra n th gii con ngi qua hai giai on trao truyn biu
tng:
1. Trao truyn cho cc Tr minh vng Phi nhn. Vajradhara (Kim Cng
Tr), v Thy Mt tha, t hin l nh cc B Tt trong ba loi hin th (Rigs
gSum) Manjushr (Vn Th) tr tu, Avalokiteshvara (Qun Th m) bi mn v
Vajrapn (Kim Cng Th) nng lc v trao truyn nhng tantra cho cc ci tri,
ngi, rng, v d xoa bng s trao truyn biu tng.
Trong Ci Tri Trayatrimsha (ao Li), Ci ca Ba mi ba v Tri, tri
Zangkyong c nm trm con trai sinh ra t tm thc. Ngi ln tui nht, Knga
Nyingpo, siu vit hn nhng ngi khc v tr tu v lng dng cm. ng thch sng
mt mnh trong thin tht v thc hin nhng s tr tng kim cng. ng c gi l
Adhichitta (Tng Thng Tm, Bc C Tm Phi thng). Trong cc gic m ng nhn
thy bn loi du hiu:
Nhng tia sng phng chiu t ch Pht mi phng bao quanh ton th chng
sinh v tan bin vo nh u ngi. Ngi nut Brahm (Phm Thin), Vishnu, v
Maheshvara (i T Ti Thin). Ngi m mt tri v mt trng trong tay, v nhng
tia sng tri rng khp th gii. Mt trn ma cam l xung t nhng m my c mu
sc qu bu trong khng trung v sn sinh v vn cy ci v hoa tri.
Sng hm sau ngi thut li gic m cho Kaushika (Kiu Thi Ca) [Indra,
Tri Thch], mt trong nhng bc th h ca cc v tri, v ny tn thn ngi trong
nhng cu th sau:
K diu thay! y l lc gio thuyt ca tinh ty khng dng cng s xut hin.
Ngi l hin l ca ch Pht v B Tt trong ba thi. Ngi l o s thp a v nh sng
tuyt vi ca th gii. Ngi l Php bo ca ci tri. Tuyt diu thay!
Sau Kaushika gii thch ngha ca cc gic m. Gic m th nht biu th
rng Adhichitta t c s thu sut ca tt c ch Pht v tr thnh v nhip
chnh ca cc Ngi. Gic m th hai biu th rng Adhichitta dit sch ma qun
(nhng th lc tiu cc) v ba c: tham, sn, v si. Gic m th ba cho thy ngi
xua tan bng ti trong tm cc t v tr thnh ngn Php ng. Gic m th t ch ra
rng ngi lm an du nhng au kh do sc nng ca cc nhim bng cht cam l ca
gio l Atiyoga t sinh v thnh tu t nhin kt qu khng cn dng cng ca
Atiyoga.
Sau tt c ch Pht t hi v khuyn thnh c Vajrasattva bng nhng cu k
sau:
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24
Ngi l ng s hu phng tin thin xo y nng lc thn diu qu bu, Xin m
toang cnh ca dn ti vic p ng tt c nhng g mt t c mun. Xin ban cho ngi
y ca ci ca s khng dng cng [gio l Dzopa Chenpo].
Sau t tri tim ca Vajrasattva mt bnh xe nm ngc chi li xut hin,
v
ngi trao n cho Sattvavajra27 (Kim Cng Th), thc dc v ny bng nhng
li k:
Con ng tr tu nguyn s bt nh, ngha b mt, V hnh, v cng (khng cn dng
cng), gic ng t v thy, c gi l Trung o V i: Xin ch by con ng ny cho
cc t.
Trong nhng vn k sau, Sattvavajra ha s ging dy:
Vajrasattva, Php gii v i. Khng phi l i tng ca s din t bng li; Ti
tht kh trnh by. Nhng i vi nhng chng sinh khng chng ng, nh biu th ca
ngn t, a h ti s chng ng, Ti s gii thot nhng ngi tu tp bng mi phng
tin thch hp.
Sau Sattvavajra nhn ton b gio l Atiyoga t nm b Pht.
Sattvavajra
xut hin trc Devaputra Adhichitta trong cung in chin thng Ci
Trayatrimsha (Ci Tri ao Li) ca cc v tri v ban cho Adhichitta ton b
cc nhp mn qua s trao truyn biu tng. Ch trong khonh khc, ngi ban tt
c nhng tantra v gio hun v qun nh (gia lc) cho Adhichitta l nhip
chnh ca ngi. K ngi ni nhng li k sau:
Cu mong tinh ty ca gio l k diu, Sau khi c truyn b khp ba ci tri
Nh nam t-tm yu hin l, c truyn b trung tm ca lc a Jambu (Dim Ph ,
tri t).
Sau , Adhichitta ging dy gio l Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) v truyn
b
trong ci tri. 2. Trao truyn cc Tantra cho cc Tr minh vng Phi-nhn
v Con Ngi.
Theo cc Kinh in, hai mi tm nm sau khi c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni th
tch, nm bc li lc (Dam Pai Rigs Chan Dra-Ma lNga) tc l tri Yashasv
Varapla, rng Takshaka, d xoa Ulkmukha, la st Matyaupyika, v
Licchavi Vimalakrti (ngi) xut hin t s thin nh ca h. Nh nng lc tin
tri, h bit rng c Pht thnh tu i Nit bn. Nh nng lc thn diu, h t hi
trn nh Ni Malaya trong x Lank. H ht hai mi ba bi ca thng thit,
trong c nhng dng:
Than i, than i, than i! i S Rng ln Bao la! Nu nh sng ngn n ca o
s tt i, Ai s xua tan bng ti ca th gian?
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25
c ch Pht khuyn thnh, B Tt Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) xut hin trc h v
ban gio l ca tha thing ling, tantra (Mt in), l gio l lng danh trong
ba ci tri Akanishtha (Ti thng, Sc cu cnh thin), Tushita (u Sut), v
Trayatrimsha (ao Li).
D xoa Matyanpyika vit cc tantra trn nhng phin vng bng mc
ma-la-cht v ct du chng trong khng trung.
Ni Malaya, ni Vajrapni tit l cc tantra cho nm bc li lc, c i Thnh
tu gi Kathok Getse nhn ra l nh Adam (hay Shrpda) Sri Lanka, v
Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche28 ng vi iu .
S TRUYN KHU CA CC NH KH HNH
S truyn khu ca cc nh kh hnh (rNal Byor sNyan brGyud) l mt s trao
truyn khng phi do cc thn thnh hay ch Pht, m qua mt con ngi trong
thn tng bnh thng. Tuy nhin, iu ny ch yu ni n s xut hin ca cc ngi i
vi cc t hn l bn tnh thc s ca nhng ngi trao truyn, trong c ch Pht v
B Tt chng hn nh Prahevajra (dGa Rab rDo rJe) v Guru Rinpoche.
Trong Knzang Lame Zhalung (Li Vng ca Thy ti),29 Paltrul Rinpoche
nh danh s ni tip t Vua Ja v Prahevajra xung ti Guru Rinpoche v
Vimalamitra,v.v.. l s trao truyn biu tng. S phn chia ny ch yu c to
lp trn nn tng ca tnh cht thc s ca nhng trao truyn ny. Nhng trong bn
tng thut hin ti th nhng phn chia c lp trn nn tng ca truyn thng
Nyingma ni chung.
Chnh c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ban nhng gio l Mt tha bng cch hin l nh
nhng Bn Tn khc nhau ca tantra. Nhiu bc lo thng cng mang v cc tantra
ca nhng tha ngoi t nhng x s khc nhau v thc hnh chng ht sc b mt.
Nhng nhng tantra ni ca Nyingma, l nhng gio l m cc bc lo thng v i
nhn lnh t ch Pht trong cc linh kin thanh tnh v c gi gn tuyt i b mt
n , ti Ty Tng, chng pht trin v tr thnh nhng gio l thing ling nht ca
Nyingma. Cc tantra ni c ba loi: Mahyoga, Anuyoga, v Atiyoga.
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26
Nhng Dng Truyn tha ca Ba Tantra Ni Chnh yu ca Nyingma
MAHYOGA30
Trong tt c cc tantra ni, nhng ngi c khai tm thc hnh c hai giai
on hay s hp nht ca hai giai on, l giai on pht trin v giai on ton
thin (thnh tu). Nhng i khi ba tantra ni cng c m t l thuc v giai on
pht trin, giai on ton thin, v i vin mn. Tuy nhin, c nhng d bit
trong vic nhn mnh vo ci thy (kin) v thin nh v s nhanh chng ca kt
qu.
Trong Mahyoga,31 nhng ngi c khai tm ch yu ch trng ti giai on pht
trin, s qun tng mn la Bn Tn. Nh qun tng cc s hin hu c tnh cht hin
tng nh cc Bn Tn v cc ci tnh , thn th, cc yu t (cc i), v nng lc ca
cc ngi, h tnh ha nm nng lc (hay kh) ca nm yu t v chuyn ha cc hin
tng m lm thnh Ci Pht. Kt qu l h t c tr tu ca i lc, quang minh, v
thot khi cc nim. H t c gii thot cho bn thn h ngay trong i ny v c th
p ng nhng nhu cu ca chng sinh.
Trong Mahayoga c hai phm tr gio l: tantra v sdhana.
TANTRA
Nh c Pht tin tri, nh nng lc gia h ca cc lun thuyt Kim Cng tha ca
Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th) cho nm bc li lc, Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra, ngi
ang thc hnh cc tantra ngoi, c by gic m. Sau , nhiu bn vn mt tha c
vit bng mc khong cht ma-la-cht trn giy vng v mt hnh tng ca Vajrapni
cao 0,6m v c lm bng nhng vin ngc qu t khng trung h xung mi cung in
ca Vua. Nh vua thc hin nhng l cng dng v cu nguyn cc i tng thing
ling. iu ny nh thc nghip ca Vua l kinh nghim trc y v tantra, v nh
vua thu hiu ngha ca chng c ta l Dorje Sempa Zhalthong (Nhn ra Khun
Mt ca Vajrasattva). S dng chng ny v hnh tng ca Vajrapni, Vua thc
hnh trong su thng. Nh vua nhn thy mt linh kin thanh tnh v
Vajrasattva v nhn t ngi mt gio hun tin tri, ph hp vi tin tri ny Vua
thc hin s tnh ha thn xc nh giai on pht trin. Vua Ja nhn thy
Vajrapni, nhn cc gio l v nhng gia h, v thu sut tt c nhng bn vn Mt
tha nhn. Sau Vajrapni ban cho nh vua qun nh ngha tuyt i ca cc gio
l, v Vajrapni khuyn Vua nhn nhng gio l truyn khu t Licchavi
Vimalakrti. Sau nh vua ti gp Vimalakrti v nhn mi tm tantra32
Mahyoga, v Vua Ja truyn nhng gio l ny cho i thnh tu gi
Kukkurja.
Vua Ja c cc s gia nhn dng theo nhng cch khc bit. Mt s v ni Vua
Ja v Vua Indrabhti v i l mt ngi, v mt s th ni vua Ja l con trai ca
Vua Indrabhti. Nhng ngi khc ni Vua l ngi th hai trong ba
Indrabhti,
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27
mt nhn nh m Dudjom Rinpoche ni trong tc phm Lch s Trng phi
Nyingma ca Pht gio Ty Tng ca ngi c l l nhn nh ng n nht.
SDHANA
Phm tr sdhana cng c hai phn: kama, Kinh in, v terma, nhng kho
tng
n du c khm ph.
Kama, Cc Sdhana Kinh in
Nm kama (bKa Ma), cc sdhana Kinh in, l nhng sdhana ca thn, ng,
tm, c hnh, v hnh ng. Chng c khm ph bi nm o s v i, l nhng bc t c
nhng thnh tu nh thc hnh cc gio l ny.
Sdhana thn, Jampal Trow Sang-gy, v nhng tantra khc ca c Vn Th
Phn n (Yamntaka) thuc Pht b T L Gi Na, c o s Manjushrmitra nhn lnh.
Tantra ng, Hayagrvall, v nhng tantra Hayagrva khc thuc Pht b A Di c
Ngrjuna nhn lnh. Tantra tm, Herukakalpo, v nhng tantra Vajraheruka
khc (Shrheruka hay Yang Dag) ca Pht b Bt ng c o s Hmkara nhn lnh.
Tantra c hnh, Vajrmrita ca Pht b Bo Sanh, c Vimalamitra nhn lnh.
Tantra hnh ng, Vajrakla ca Pht b Bt Khng Thnh Tu c o s Prabhhasti
nhn lnh. Guru Rinpoche nhn tt c cc tantra t cc o s 33 v t c nhng
thnh tu, c bit l Vajraheruka v Vajrakla, v a cc gio l v Ty Tng.
Terma, cc Sdhana ca Nhng Kho tng n du
Phm tr terma (gTer Ma) ca nhm sdhana thuc cc tantra Mahyoga
c
khi u nh sau:34
NI CHN: Trong ci tnh v song. O S: c Samatabhadra (Ph Hin) hin l
trong thn tng an bnh l Vajrasattva v trong thn tng phn n l
Mahottaraheruka. CC T: S t-tnh gic ca ngi xut hin nh hi chng cc t.
THI GIAN: Trng thi bnh ng v thy hoc v chung. GIO L: Cc tantra ni
chung ca Kim Cng tha c ging dy bi m thanh-kim cng t nhin ca Php
tnh.
Guhyapati Vajradharma bin son nm tantra tng qut, mi tantra c
bit, v nhiu tantra nhnh v sp xp chng trong hnh thc nhng vn bn.35
Ngi ph chc cc gio l ny cho dkin Mahkarmendrni (Las Kyi dBang Mo
Che). B t chng trong nhng chic hp v ct du ti chaitya (in th, bo
thp) Shankarakta (bDe Byed brTsegs Pa) trong m a Shtavana.
V sau nh nng lc thu th, tm o s v i ca n bit r v vic ct du, v cc
ngi t hi ti m a Shtavana. Dkin Mahkarmendrn xut hin v trao cho tm o
s tm ci hp ng tm tantra c bit. Hp ng tantra Yamntaka c ph chc cho
Manjushrmitra; hp ng tantra Hayagrva c
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28
ph chc cho Ngrjuna; Shrheruk (Yang Dag) cho Hmkara; Mahottara
(Che mChog) cho Vimalamitra; Vajrakla cho Prabhhasti, Mtarah (Ma
Mo) cho Dhanasamskrita, Lokastotrapja (Jigs rTen mChod bsTod) cho
Rambuguhya, v Vajramantrabhru (Drag sNgags) cho Shntigarbha. Mi o s
thc hnh tantra c ch nh ca mnh v nh t c thnh tu. Chic hp ng Deshek
Dpa c ph chc cho Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche cng nhn tt c cc
tantra, sdhana, v gio hun t mi o s v t c nhng thnh tu ca tt c cc
gio l . V sau, ngi trao truyn cc gio l ny cho chn t chnh yu ca ngi
v hai mi lm t chnh Ty Tng.
Di y l dng ca cc gio l kama v terma chnh yu ca Mahyoga t c Pht
Nguyn thy xung ti Thy ti:36
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt
a), Bo thn. 3. Cc B Tt thuc ba b, Ha thn. 4. Licchavi Vimalakrti
cng vi bn bc li lc khc. 5. Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra (hay Indrabhti
Gia). 6. Kikkurja, cng vi hi chng mt trm ngn t. 7. Shakraputra,
Indrabhti tr vi hi chng mi ngn t. 8. Simharja vi hi chng mt ngn t.
9. Uparja vi mt hi chng nm trm t. 10. Cng cha Gomadev vi hi chng mt
trm t. 11. Kikkurja. 12. Llvajra, Vetlasukhasiddhi, Rishi Bhshita,
v Ngrjuna. 13. Llvajra trao truyn gio l cho Buddhaguhya;
Sukhasiddhi truyn cho
Vajrahsya v Hmkara. 14. Llvajra v Buddhguhya truyn cho
Vimalamitra, v Buddhaguhya cng
truyn cho Guru Rinpoche. Rishi Bhshita v Vajrahsya truyn cho
Prabhhasti. Vajrahsya cng truyn cho Shrsimha, v Prabhhasti truyn
cho Guru Rinpoche. Guru Rinpoche cng nhn gio l Mahyoga t chnh Vua
Ja.
Ty Tng:
15. Ma Rinchen Chok v Nyak Jnnakumra nhn s trao truyn t
Vimalamitra. Nyak cng nhn s trao truyn t Guru Rinpoche. 16. Ma
truyn cho Tsuk-ru Rinchen Zhnu v Kyere Chokyong. Nyak truyn
cho Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe; Ma v Nyak truyn cho Khu Changchup . 17.
Khu, Tsuk-ru, v Kyere trao truyn cho Zhang Gyalwe Ynten. 18. Sokpo
v Zhang trao truyn cho Nupchen Sangye Yeshe. Nupchen tr
thnh v h tr ca tt c nhng dng truyn tha chnh ca gio l
Mahyoga.
19. Nupchen truyn cho Nup Ynten Gyatso v So Yeshe Wangchuk. 20.
C hai v trn truyn cho Nyang Sherap Chok. 21. Nyang Sherap Jungne v
Yeshe Jungne. 22. Yeshe truyn cho Zurpoche Shkya Jungne v i. 23.
Zurchung Sherap Trakpa (1014-1074). 24. Bn v Thukse Kawa (bn t chnh
ca Zurchung). 25. Zur Shkya Senge (cn c gi l Dro-phukpa Chenpo,
1074-?).
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29
26. Tsaktsa Shakdor. 27. Tsak Shkya Jungne. 28. Lantn Dorje .
29. Lan Snam Gyaltsen. 30. Palden Chkyi Senge. 31. Lan Sangye Pal.
32. Lan Snam Gnpo. 33. Drlchen Samdrup Dorje (1295-1376). 34. Zur
Gendn Bum. 35. Zur Shkya She-nyen. 36. Trao Chbum. 37. Knchok
Zangpo. 38. Lama Dorje Zangpo. 39. Trlzhik Dorje Namgyal. 40.
Chatang Matishr. 41. Karmaguru. 42. Knzang Paljor. 43. Rigdzin
Thrinle Lhndrup (1611-1662). 44. Lochen Chgyal Tendzin. 45. Minling
Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 46. Minling Gyalse Rinchen
Namgyal. 47. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha. 48. Knkhyen Jigme Lingpa
(1730-1798). 49. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 50.
Dola Jigme Kalzang (hay Chkyi Lodr). 51. Dzogchen Gyalse Zhenphen
Thaye (1800-?). 52. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Vajra (cn c gi l Damcho
zer). 53. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892).
Hoc sau Minling Terchen:
46. Minling Lochen Dharmashr. 47. Minling Jetsn Mingyur Paldrn.
48. Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 49. Minling Pema Tendzin. 50.
Minling Thrinle Namgyal. 51. Minling Jetsn Thrinle Chdrn. 52.
Minling Trichen Sangye Knga. 53. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo.
Dng kama sau Khyentse Wangpo:
54. Kathok Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925). 55. Jamyang Khyentse
Chkyi Lodr (1893-1959). 56. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T
(sinh nm 1927).
Dng terma sau Khyentse Wangpo:
54. Zhechen Gyaltsap Gyurme Pema Namgyal Tam (1871-1926). 55.
Zhechen Kongtrl Pema Tri-me Lodr (1901-1960?).
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56. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm 1927).
Hoc:
54. Kongtrl Ynten Gyatso (1813-1899) ca Tu vin Palpung. 55.
Dzogchen Rinpoche Thupten Chkyi Dorje Ng (1872-1935). 56. Gyarong
Namtrl Drodl Karkyi Dorje. 57. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo
T (sinh nm 1927).
ANUYOGA
Trong Anuyoga,37 ton th th gii c nhn nh Pht trong chn tnh
ca n, Php gii ti thng, nhng khng ch trng nhiu ti giai on pht
trin. Anuyoga tp trung vo nhng giai on ton thin trong vic pht trin
tr tu i lc, s quang minh, v thot khi nhng nim nh tu tp cc kinh mch,
nng lc (kh), v tinh ty ca thn kim cng ca ta. Sau khi chun b thn th
ta nh mt phng tin thin xo, i lc ca bn nim vui (dGa Ba bZhi) cng c
pht trin vi s h tr ca mn la ca mudr (th n). Kt qu l hnh gi s t c
gic ng.38
Trong thc t Vua Ja nghin cu ngha ca ton b tantra t Vajrapni (Kim
Cng Th). Nhng t Licchavi Vimalakrti ngi th nhn nhng tantra ca Anu,
l nhng gio l c Vajrapni tit l cho nm bc li lc v sau ny c Rkshasa
Matyaupyika ghi li.
DNG TRUYN THA ANUYOGA TANTRA39
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Nm b Pht, Bo thn. 3. Ba b
B Tt, Ha thn. 4. Licchavi Vimalakrti, o s u tin trong loi ngi. 5.
Vua Ja, Vykaranavajra (cn c gi l Indrabhti Gia). 6. Uparja v ba nam
t ca Vua Ja l Shakraputra, Ngaputra, v
Guhyaputra. Shakraputra cng c gi l Indrabhti Tr v Kambalapda
(Lva Ba Pa, Ngi o Rch).
7. Kukkurja sau ny nhn cc gio l ny t Indrabhti tr. 8.
Vetlasukha, Zombie (Xc cht sng li) i lc. 9. Vajrahsya. 10.
Prabhhasti (cn c gi l Shkyaprabha). 11. Shkya Senge. 12.
Dhanarakshita. 13. o s Hmkara. 14. Sukhoddyotaka (bDe Ba gSal
Byed). 15. Dharmabodhi Magadha, Dharmarjapla Tu vin Nland, Vua
Vasudhara x Nepal, v Tusklak Palge. 16. Chetsen Kye ca x Trusha
(Bru Sha, Gilgit?) nhn cc tantra v gio l
t bn v Thy trc. 17. Nupchen Sangye Yeshe x Ty Tng nhn gio l t
Dharmabodhi v
Vasudhara, v c bit t Chetsen Kye.
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S trao truyn trc h cc tantra ca Anuyoga, sau Nupchen Sangye
Yeshe, th hu nh ging ht trao truyn trc h ca Mahyoga.
ATIYOGA (Dzopa Chenpo)
Atiyoga40 nhn mnh s chng ng v vin mn tr tu nguyn s trong tro
hin din t nhin, bn tnh ti thng ca tm ta v ca th gii, khng b tri
buc bi bt k nim, thin kin, chiu kch, v nhng phn loi l a hay th. Kt
qu l khng ch c tm ca hnh gi hp nht vi Pht qu, bn tnh ti thng, m
ngay c thn ca hnh gi cng tan bin thnh thn nh sng tr tu.
Gio l Dzopa Chenpo trong 6.400.000 cu k, tt nh ca cc tha, c c
Vajrasattva tit l cho Prahevajra, o s Dzopa Chenpo u tin trong loi
ngi. Prahevajra bin son nhng cu k ny thnh vn bn v ph bin chng.
DNG TRUYN THA ATI YOGA
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt
a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn, o s u
tin
trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. Ngi phn chia 6.400.000 cu k ca
Dzopa Chenpo
thnh ba phm tr: Semde, Longde, v Me-ngagde. Ngi chia Me-ngagde
thnh nhng tantra khu truyn (sNan rGyud) v nhng tantra c tnh cch gii
thch (bShad rGyud).
5. Shrsimha. Ngi chia Me-ngagde thnh bn gio kha: gio kha ni,
ngoi, b mt v b mt thm su.
6. Jnnastra v Guru Rinpoche. Vairochana nhn gio l Semde v Longde
ca Dzogpa Chenpo t Shrsimha.
7. Jnnastra truyn cho Vimalamitra. Vimalamitra cng trc tip nhn s
trao truyn t Shrsimha v t Garab Dorje trong linh kin thanh tnh.
Semde v Longde ch yu c a vo Ty Tng nh Vairochana v
Vimalamitra, v Me-ngagde c a vo Ty Tng ch yu l nh Vimalamitra v
Guru Rinpoche.
SEMDE
Semde, gio kha v tm,41 ging dy rng mi s xut hin l tm, tm l
tnh
Khng, tnh Khng l gic tnh ni ti, tnh Khng v gic tnh ni ti th hp
nht. ging dy rng nhng s xut hin l tm, Semde phn loi nhng s
xut hin (cc hnh tng) nh ba c tnh ca tm: nng lc (rTsal), s ph din
(Rol Ba), v cc thuc tnh (rGyan). Nng lc ca tm l phng din ca s n
thun nhn thy hay tnh gic v cc s vic, l iu m i vi nhng ngi bnh thng
tr thnh nn tng m lm thnh ra samsra (lun hi sinh t). S ph din ca tm
l s xut hin ca thc-tm-b- nhim v nhng tm thc khc. Cc thuc tnh l s ph
din ca nhng s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng,
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ni non, nh ca, thn th, v v.v.. S ph din v nhng thuc tnh u xut
hin t hoc bi nng lc ca tm.
Khi nhn ra rng cc hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ch n thun l s ph din
ca tm ta, cc thin gi Semde ti c ch khng cn vng kt vo nhng g h phi
thot khi, nhng h vn cha thot khi vic bm chp vo phng tin ca s t do ,
l s tnh gic v quang minh ca tm.
S tnh gic c trnh by trong Semde l mt phng din ca s quang minh v
tnh gic ca tm, nhng n khng phi l gic tnh ni ti su xa v vin mn mt
cch t nhin ca Me-ngagde.42
LONGDE
Longde, gio kha v Php gii ti thng,43 dy rng phng din tnh gic
v
quang minh ca tm l tnh Khng. Cc thin gi Longde vn cn gi cht t bm
chp vo tnh Khng. V th h khng b tri buc trong nhng iu m h thot khi
ln nhng phng tin nh h t c s t do, nhng vn khng vt ln vic m gi tnh
Khng; v th Longde khng dn ta ti tr tu nguyn s trn tri, l ci siu vit
tm thc.44
S TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA SEMDE V LONGDE
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt
a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn. 4.
Manjushrmitra. 5. Shrsimha. 6. Vairochana. 7. Nyak Jnnakumra,
Pang-gen Mipham Gnpo, Yudra Nyingpo, Sangtn
Yeshe Lama, v Liza Sherap Drnma. 8. Pang-gen trao truyn cho
Ngenlam Changchup Gyaltsen. Nyak trao truyn
cho Sokpo Palkyi Yeshe. 9. Ngenlam trao truyn cho Zatam Rinchen
Yik v Sokpo truyn cho Nupchen
Sangye Yeshe. 10. Zatam truyn cho Khugyur Salwe Chok. 11. Nyang
Changchup Trak. 12. Nyang Sherap Jungne. 13. Ylmowa Bagom Yeshe
Changchup. 14. Dzeng Dharmabodhi. 15. Dzengkar Chose v Kyetse Yeshe
Wangchuk. 16. Kyetse truyn cho Zik Yeshe Wangpo. 17. Khenchen
Ngurpa. 18. Tutn Vajreshvara. 19. Snam Gyaltsen. 20. Sherap
Gyaltsen. 21. Zhnu Sherap. 22. Zhnu Trakpa. 23. Sangye Zangpo. 24.
Tsndr Wangchuk. 25. Thazhi Trakpa Rinchen.
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26. Shkya Gyalpo. 27. Glo Zhnu Pal (1392-1481). 28. Chen-ngawa
Chkyi Trakpa (1453-1525). 29. Sheltrakpa Chkyi Lodr. 30.
Khyungtsangpa Lodr Palden. 31. Pangtn, Karmaguru. 32. Pangtn Chwang
Lhndrup. 33. Chwang Knzang. 34. Pangtn, Knzang Chgyal. 35. Minling
Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 36. Minling Lochen Dharmashr
(1654-1717). 37. Minling Jetsn Mingyur Paldrn. 38. Minling Gyalse
Rinchen Namgyal. 39. Minling Pema Tendzin. 40. Minling Thrinle
Namgyal. 41. Minling Jetsn Thrinle Chdrn. 42. Minling Trichen
Sangye Knga. 43. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 44. Kathok
Situ Chkyi Gyatso (1880-1925). 45. Dzongsar Khyentse Chkyi Lodr
(1893-1959). 46. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh nm
1927).
ME-NGAGDE
Me-ngagde, gio kha v nhng gio hun ti thng,45 ging dy s chng
ng chn tnh, nh n l, m khng ri vo nhng cc oan hay to tc iu g mi.
Chn tnh l s hp nht ca ba nguyn l; tinh ty ca tnh Khng (s m trng),
tnh cht quang minh, v lng bi (nng lc) ca mi hin din trm khp.
Me-ngagde c bn gio kha gio l v tu tp: Ngoi, Ni, B mt, v B mt Thm
su. Tt c nhng gio kha ny ging nhau im l nhng gio l v bn tnh thun
tnh nguyn s (Ka Dag), l gio l c gi l ct t (Khregs Chod) mi s bm
chp. Tuy nhin, gio kha B mt Thm su tp trung vo nhng tu tp vin mn t
nhin ca cc s xut hin (Lhun Grub), l gio l c gi l tip cn trc tip
(Thod rGal).
Gio kha Ngoi ging dy tng tn bn tnh ca nn tng nguyn s. Gio kha Ni
ging dy nhng cch gii thiu bn tnh vi nhng biu tng, ngha, v tm quan
trng. Gio kha B mt ging dy bn phng php thin nh t nhin (Chog bZhag).
Gio kha B mt Thm su ging dy tt c nhng ch sau: bn tnh nguyn s, s gii
thch nhng biu tng, ngha, v tm quan trng i vi vic gii thiu chn tnh,
s xut hin ca bn th kin v cc nh sng (sNang Ba bZhi) trong con ng,
nhng s xut hin ca nh sng trong trng thi trung m, v s thnh tu gii
thot trong php gii ti thng ca s vin mn t nhin.
Trong khi c nhiu tantra v nhng bn vn hng dn ca Me-ngagde, mi chn
gio l trong s ny to thnh nhng bn vn gc ca B mt Thm su ca
Me-Ngagde.46
C nhiu gio l Nhnh hay Hng dn (Man Ngag). Cc gio l hng dn c ging
r v c ng trong hai truyn thng Nyingthig chnh yu. Truyn thng
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th nht l nhng gio l chi tit dnh cho/ca cc hc gi (rGya Che Ba
Pandita), c Vimalamitra mang v Ty Tng v c gi l Vima Nyingthig. N ch
yu c da trn Mi by tantra v tantra Troma. Truyn thng th hai l nhng
gio l su xa dnh cho/ca cc hnh kht (Zab Pa Ku Sa La), do Guru
Padmasambhava mang sang Ty Tng v c gi l Khandro Nyingthig. N ch yu
c da trn tantra Longsal Barma.
Ngoi cc tantra nguyn thy ca Nyingthig, cc gio l B mt Thm su ca
Me-ngagde c dch sang ting Ty Tng, nhiu gio l Nyingthig khc c mang v
Ty Tng ch yu l nh Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche (v c Vairochana). Mt
s gio l c trao truyn trong nhng linh kin thanh tnh cho nhng o s
thnh tu v i bi nhng thnh tu gi sng trc nhiu th k. Mt s do cc o s
khm ph trong trng thi chng ng tr tu nguyn s ca cc ngi. Mt s c cc o
s khm ph nh cc terma,47 l nhng gio l m cc ngi c cc o s gic ng trao
truyn trong nhng i trc v c nh thc trong i ny nhng ngi khc pht l. Cc
gio l gm c Vima Nyingthig, Khandro Nyingthig, Chetsn Nyingthig,
Gongpa Zangthal, Katak Rangjung Rangshar, Gongpa Yongd, Yangti
Nakpo, Ati Zaptn Nyingpo, Karma Nyingthig, Longchen Nyingthig, sal
Nyingthig, Dorsem Nyingthig, v Tsogyal Nyingthig.
Trong tt c cc gio l c bn gio l tri vt i vi vic nghin cu v thc
hnh Nyingthig. Cc gio l ny c gi l hai gio l m v hai gio l con. Hai
gio l Nyingthig m l gio l c gi l Vima Nyingthig do Vimalamitra mang
v Ty Tng v gio l Khandro Nyingthig do Guru Rinpoche mang v. Hai gio
l con l nhng pht hin ca Longchen Rabjam lin quan ti hai gio l m. l
Lama Yangtig v Vima Nyingthig, v Khandro Yangtig v Khandro
Nyingthig, cng nh Zabmo Yangtig v c hai gio l Nyingthig m.
Tuy nhin, trong hn hai th k qua, Longchen Nyingthig, l gio l bao
gm tinh ty ca tt c nhng gio l Nyingthig lc ban u, tr thnh nhng gio
l ph thng v mnh m nht v Nyingthig nghin cu v thc hnh Ty Tng.
V th, trong quyn sch ny, nh chnh yu ca ti l trnh by mt tp hp ngn
gn nhng hm xc v tiu s ca nhng o s dng Longchen Nyingthig. Nhng trc
l danh tnh ca cc o s dng truyn tha Vima Nyingthig v Khandro
Nyingthig. Dng cc o s ca nhng trao truyn ny c ngun gc t c Pht nguyn
thy xung ti vng min cao qu ca ti, Dodrupchen Rinpoche hin ti.
TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA Vima Nyingthig48
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt
a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn, o s
Dzopa Chenpo
u tin trong loi ngi. 4. Manjushrmitra. 5. Shrsimha Trung quc. 6.
Jnnastra. 7. Vimalamitra, ngi a dng truyn tha t n sang Ty Tng.
Ngi
trao truyn ba gio kha u tin ca gio l Me-ngagde vi nhng bn vn
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35
cho Nyang v bn ngi khc Ty Tng. Ngi trao truyn gio kha B mt Thm
su cho nh Vua, Thi t Mu-ne Tsepo, Kawa Paltsek, Chok-ro Li
Gyaltsen, v Nyang, nhng ct du cc bn vn Kekung ti Samye Chimphu.
8. Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo (th k th 9), ngi ct du cha Zhai trong
Thung lng Drikung nhng bn vn ca ngi thuc ba gio kha u tin v s khu
truyn. Ngi trao truyn nhng gio l khu truyn cho Dro Rinchen Bar.
9. Dro Rinchen Bar. 10. Be Lodr Wangchuk. 11. Neten Dangma
Lhngyal (th k 11) khm ph cc bn vn do Nyang ct
du ti cha Zhai. 12. Chetsn Senge Wangchuk (th k 11-12), khm ph
cc bn vn do
Vimalamitra ct du ti Kekung Samye Chimphu. 13. Zhangtn Tashi
Dorje (1097-1167). 14. Se Nyima Bum (1158-1213). 15. Guru Chober
(1196-1255). 16. Trlzhik Senge Gyapa (th k 13). 17. Drupchen Melong
Dorje (1243-1303). 18. Rigdzin Kumrdza (1266-1343). 19. Knkhyen
Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). Ngi tr thnh o s quan trng
nht ca truyn thng Nyingma. S trao truyn ca Khandro v Vima
Nyingthig vo ngi, v sau ngi ph bin c hai truyn thng bng cch khm ph
Lama Yangthig v Vima Nyingthig ca ngi, Khandro Yangtig v Khandro
Nyingthig, v Zabmo Yangtig v c hai Nyinghthig, v bng cch kt hp chng
li vi nhau thnh Nyingthig Yabzhi, bn quyn sch v Nyingthig.
20. Khedrup Khyapdal Lhndrup (th k 14). 21. Tlku Trakpa zer. 22.
Trlzhik Senge npo (th k 14). 23. Gyalse Dawa Trakpa. 24. Drupchen
Knzang Dorje. 25. Knga Gyaltsen Palzang (1497- 1568). 26. Tlku
Natsok Rangtrl (1494-1560). 27. Sungtrl Tendzin Trakpa (1536-1597).
28. Tlku Do-ngak Tendzin (1576-1628). 29. Rigdzin Thrinle Lhndrup
(1611-1662). 30. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 31.
Minling Gyalse Rinchen Namgyal. 32. Minling Khenchen Ogyen Tendzin
Dorje. 33. Dzogchen Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?). 34.
Gyarong Namtrl Knzang Thekchok Dorje. 35. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe
Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 36. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden. 37.
Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh 1927).
Hoc:
32. U Chrap? 33. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha 34. Rigdzin Jigme
Lingpa (1730-1798).
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36
35. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht (1745-1821). 36. Dzogchen
Rinpoche Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T v Dola Jigme Kalzang. 37. T c hai
Gyalse Zhenphen Thaye (1800?). 38. Khenchen Pema Dorje ca Tu vin
Dzogchen. 39. Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892). 40. Dodrupchen
Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam (1865-1926). 41. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden
(1872-1943). 42. Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzangpo T (sinh
1927).
S TRAO TRUYN TRC H CA Khandro Nyingthig49
1. Samantabhadra (Ph Hin), Php thn. 2. Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt
a), Bo thn. 3. Prahevajra (Garab Dorje, Kim Cng H), Ha thn. 4.
Shrsimha. 5. Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava, Lin Hoa Sanh), ngi mang
gio l ti
Ty Tng. 6a. Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, Chgyal Trisong Detsen, v
Lhacham Pemasal.
Yeshe Tsogyal gip Guru Rinpoche ct du gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh
mt terma.
6b. Pema Ledreltsal (1291-1319?). ti sinh ca Lhacham Pemasal v l
ngi khm ph gio l Khandro Nyingthig nh mt terma.
7. Gyalse Lekpa (1290-1366/7). 8. Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363).
9. Yeshe Rabjam. 10. Khedrup Samten. 11. Jinpa Zangpo. 12. Snam
Rinchen. 13. Ngawang Pema. 14. Snam Wangpo. 15. Rigdzin Chkyi
Gyatso. 16. Dzogchen Rinpoche Pema Rigdzin Nht (1625-1697). 17.
Namkha sal. 18. Dzogchen Gyurme Thekchok Tendzin Nh (1699-?). 19.
Nyila Pema Tendzin. 20. Tendzin Dargye. 21. Dzogchen Rinpoche
Mingyur Namkhe Dorje T (1793-?) 22. Dzogchen Gyarong Namtrl Knzang
Thekchok Dorje Nh. 23. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam
(1865-1926). 24. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden. 25. Dodrupchen
Thupten Thrinle Palzang T (sinh 1927).
Hoc:
13. Zablung Tlku. 14. Snam Rinchen. 15. Karmaguru. 16. Knzang
Paljor. 17. Tlku Do-ngak Tendzin (1576-1628). 18. Rigdzin Thrinle
Lhndrup (1611-1662).
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19. Minling Terchen Gyurme Dorje (1646-1714). 20. Minling Gyalse
Rinchen Namgyal. 21. Minling Drubwang Shrnatha. 22. Rigdzin Jigme
Lingpa (1730-1798). 23. Dodrupchen Jigme Thrinle zer Nht
(1745-1821). 24. Dola Jigme Kalzang. 25. Dzogchen Gyalse Zhenphen
Thaye (1800?). 26. Dzogchen Khenpo Pema Dorje. 27. Jamyang Khyentse
Wangpo (1820-1892). 28. Dodrupchen Jigme Tenpe Nyima Tam
(1865-1926). 29. Gekong Khenpo Knzang Palden (1872-1943). 30.
Dodrupchen Thupten Thrinle Palzang T (sinh 1927).
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Quyn Hai
Dng Truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig
Longchen Nyingthig l mt tuyn tp cc tantra v sdhana c Rigdzin
Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798) khm ph nh gio l terma tm.
Gio kha ny c gi l Longchen Nyingthig do bi ba l do chnh. Trc
tin, l Nyingthig, nhng gio l ct ty thm su Me-ngagde, v c Jigme
Lingpa khm ph nh nhng gia h ngi nhn c trong mt lot linh kin thun
tnh v Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363). K l nhng gio l c ng mi gio l
Nyingthig n qua Longchen Rabjam. Th ba, l nhng gio l v ch ca
Longchen, s bao la v i hay phm vi su xa nht, v l Nyingthig, tm yu
(hay ct ty thm su) ca tt c cc gio l. Jigme Lingpa vit: N l phm vi
bao la v i v n l tm yu.50
Longchen Nyingthig ch yu tp trung vo Nyingthig, gio kha tinh ty
thm su Me-ngagde. V d nh, giai on pht trin ca sdhana Rigdzin Dpa
xut hin nh nng lc hin l (rTsal) ca gic tnh ni ti (Rig Pa), v n cng
ha vo Php gii ti hu, s thun tnh nguyn s trong giai on ha tan (vin
mn). Kyala Khenpo vit trong lun ging v Rigdzin Dpa ca ngi:
Trong nhng truyn thng Anuttaratantra khc, trc tin hnh gi lm thun
thc tm mnh bng cch tu tp v giai on pht trin v sau i vo giai on ton
thin. Nhng trong cc thin nh Mahyoga ca Longchen Nyingthig, sau khi
c gii thiu gic tnh ni ti chi ngi (chn tnh ca tm ta) v nhn ra tnh bt
kh phn ca gic tnh ni ti ca ta v tm gic ng ca Lt ma, thin gi thin nh
trng thi chng ng v tu tp v nhng s xut hin [ca cc hnh tng] nh mn la
ca cc Bn Tn [nng lc ca gic tnh ni ti, Rig Pa]. V th phng php c nht
v nh ca Longchen Nyingthig l tu tp v giai on pht trin v giai on ton
thin trong s hp nht. Bng cch s dng s hp nht tm ca ta v tm gic ng ca
Lt ma, s chng ng tr tu c nh thc mt cch mnh m.51
Gio l Longchen Nyingthig
Longchen Nyingthig bao gm mt t tantra v nhiu sdhana km theo nhng
gio hun, lun ging, v nhng bn vn b sung, trong hai (hay ba) quyn sch
gc (rTsa Pod). Cc gio l ny c Jigma Lingpa khm ph nh mt terma tm.
Ngoi hai quyn sch gc, gio kha bao gm Phurpa Gyluk v Vajrakla trong
mt quyn sch, n c xc nhn l mt khm ph terma tm v l mt su tp cc
tantra. Cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig chnh yu c phn loi thnh hai phm
tr. Chng l cc tantra nguyn thy ca Nyingthig v cc sdhana v gio l Mt
tha.
Cc tantra Nyingthig nguyn thy l s tng tc ca bn tnh tuyt i (Php
thn) xut hin nh cc gio l i vi bn thn Jigme Lingpa hay i vi nhng ha
thn trc ca ngi v ngi nh thc cc gio l . Trong khi thc hnh n c trong
ba nm ti Samye Chimphu, Jigme Lingpa nghin cu nhng
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39
tc phm ca Longchen Rabjam v cu nguyn ht sc sng m, nhn thy ngi nh
mt v Pht. Jigme Lingpa c ba linh kin thanh tnh v Longchen Rabjam v
nhn nhng gia h ca thn, ng v tm ca ngi. Trong linh kin th ba,
Longchen Rabjam ni ba ln: Cu mong nhng chng ng ngha c trao truyn
cho con, v cu mong s trao truyn nhng ngn t c hon ton thnh tu. Ngay
sau , Jigme Lingpa chng ng bn tnh ca i Vin mn thot khi s phn tch
trong tm v nhn s trao truyn tuyt i (Don brGyud), v nhng tantra
nguyn thy linh thing ca Nyingthig xut hin trong ngi. Nhng tantra
nguyn thy ny xut hin trong ngi nh ct ty c hp nht ca c ba cch th
trao truyn tc l s trao truyn tm, trao truyn bng s biu th, v khu
truyn ca ba thn Pht v nhng o s ca tt c dng truyn tha Dzopa Chenpo,
k c Guru Rinpoche, Vimalamitra, v Longchen Rabjam.52
Cc sdhana v gio l Mt tha Longchen Nyingthig l nhng gio l n t
Jigme Lingpa qua Guru Rinpoche nh mt terma.53
Trong khi Guru Rinpoche ang ving thm Ty Tng, trn tng hai ngi cha
chnh ca Tu vin Samye, ngi ban gio l Longchen Nyingthig cho Vua
Trisong Detsen, Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal, v Vairochana. Sau ngi giao
ph nhng gio l cho cc v ny bng phng tin ca dkin xut hin t nhin, tr
tu, nguyn l n ca ba thn Pht. Ngi ban nhng qun nh tin tri bng cch ni
rng nhng gio l ny s c Jigme Lingpa, mt ha thn (tlku) ca Vua Trisong
Detsen, khm ph. Yeshe Tsogyal sp xp cc gio l thnh nhng ch biu tng
ca k c khng b lng qun trn nhng cun giy vng c nm mu xut hin t nhin.
Vi nhng qun nh c nguyn, cc ngi ct du nhng gio l trong chic hp kho
tng tm yu chi li (hay kho tng tm) ca cc t. Cc ngi ph chc nhng gio l
chn du cho cc dkin, cc tr tu Php gii ti thng (Php gii th tnh tr),
gi gn cho ti ng lc nh thc cc gio l t trng thi ni ti chi li trong tm
cc v khm ph terma.
V th, nhiu th k sau , khi nhng qun nh tin tri ca Guru Rinpoche
thun thc v nhng thun cnh bt u c kt qu, cc gio l Longchen Nyingthig
c ct du c nh thc mt cch ph hp trong tm gic ng ca Jigme Lingpa nh mt
terma tm.
Jigme Lingpa l mt ha thn ca chnh Vimalamitra v Vua Trisong
Detsen,54 l nhng v nhn lnh gio l Longchen Nyingthig t Guru Rinpoche
v Vimalamitra. V th nhng gio l Nyingthig ca hai dng chnh cng chy
trong Jigme Lingpa. Longchen Nyingthig l ct ty hay hin thn ca hai
truyn thng Nyingthig, Vima Nyingthig v Khandro Nyingthig.55 Phm vi,
ngn ng, ngha, s r rng, v nng lc ca Longchen Nyingthig lm cho hnh gi
d lnh hi gio l v vic thc hnh c mnh m, khin cho trong nhng th k va
qua vic nghin cu v thc hnh Longchen Nyingthig tr nn ph thng trong
mt s ng o cc Nyingmapa (cc hnh gi phi Nyingma) Ty Tng.
Nhng bn vn chnh ca Longchen Nyingthig l:56
CC TANTRA GC (RGYUD) CA Longchen Nyingthig57 1. Tantra gc (rTsa
rGyud): Kntu Zangpo Yeshe Longki Gy (Kun Tu
bZang Po Ye Shes Klong Gi rGyud) 2. Tantra n sau: Gy Chima
(rGyud Phyi Ma)
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40
3. Cc gio l (Lung): Kntu Zangpo Gong-nyam (Kun Tu bZang Poi
dGongs Nyams)
4. Cc gio hun (Me-ngag) a. Cc gio hun: Nesum Shenje v Neluk
Dorje Tsigang (gNad
gSum Shan Byed v gNas Lug rDo rJei Tshigs rKang) b. Cc lun ging
ca chng: Yeshe Lama (Ye Shes Bla Ma) vi
cc bn vn h tr ca n (rGyab Chos)
CC SDHANA V GIO L MT THA CA Longchen Nyingthig58 1. Nhng v Tr
minh vng nam
a. Ha bnh: ngoi: La-me Naljor (Bla Mai rNal Byor) trong: Rigdzin
Dpa (Rig Dzin Dus Pa) b mt: Dug-ngal Rangtrl (sDug bsNgal Rang
Grol) b mt ti thng: Ladrup Thigle Gyachen (Bla sGrub
Thig Lei rGya Chan) b. Phn n: xanh dng: Palchen Dpa (dPal Chen
Dus Pa)
: Takhyung Barwa (rTa Khyung Bar Ba) 2. N Tr minh vng
a. Ha bnh: sdhana gc: Yumka Dechen Gyalmo (Yum Ka bDe Chen rGyal
Mo)
b. Phn n: sdhana b mt: Senge Dongchen (Seng Gei gDong Chan)
Dng truyn tha Cc o s ca
Longchen Nyingthig
Dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig bt u vi c Pht nguyn thy, hay
tinh ty Pht ti thng, v truyn xung ti cc o s ng thi nh mt dng trao
truyn khng t on.
Dng truyn tha ny bt u t ba thn Pht, Dharmakya (Php thn),
Sambhogakya (Bo thn), v Nirmnakya (Ha thn), nguyn l ca Pht qu.
Dharmakya l bn tnh ti thng khng hnh tng. Sambhogakya v Nirmnakya l
nhng sc thn hin l ca c Pht. Ba thn Pht l sui ngun ti thng ca tt c
cc gio l tuyt i, chng hn nh Longchen Nyingthig. T ba thn Pht, cc o
s trong loi ngi nhn lnh cc gio l, nh trong trng hp ca i Vin mn th
Prahevajra nhn lnh gio l ny.
Prahevajra, o s u tin trong loi ngi, trao truyn cc gio l cho
Manjushrmitra, v ny truyn cho Shrsimha. Ti lt Shrsimha truyn cho
Jnnastra, Vimalamitra, Guru Rinpoche, v Vairochana. Vimalamitra cng
nhn cc gio l ny t Jnnastra.
Vimalamitra v Guru Rinpoche truyn cc gio l cho Vua Trisong
Detsen v mt t ngi khc Ty Tng. Guru Rinpoche chn du nhiu gio l
nh
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41
terma. Ngi cng truyn Khandro Nyingthig cho Lhacham Pemasal, ha
thn i trc ca Longchen Rabjam.
Hu nh tm th k sau khi Guru Rinpoche chn du Longchen Nyingthig,
tinh ty ca cc gio l Nyingthig, nh mt terma, Jigme Lingpa khm ph
nhng gio l ny nh mt terma tm. Jigme Lingpa c th khm ph cc gio l bi
ngi c nhng trao truyn v ph chc trong i trc v nhn nhng gia h ca
Longchen Rabjam trong ba linh kin thanh tnh trong i hin ti ca
ngi.
Trong bi cu nguyn dng truyn tha Longchen Nyingthig, Jigme Lingpa
cp ti dng truyn tha ca nhng o s sau y, qua Longchen Nyingthig c
trao truyn v khm ph:59
T x s khng b vng bn bi kch thc v thin kin, Samantabhadra (Ph
Hin), c Pht nguyn thy Php thn, Vajrasattva, nng lc hin l ca Bo thn,
[xut hin] nh mt phn chiu
trong nc, V Prahevajra trong nhng thuc tnh hon ton vin mn ca Ha
thn, Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin ban [cho chng con] nhng qun nh gia h.
Shrsimha,60 kho tng ca Php ti thng, Manjushrmitra, o s ca c xe chn
tha, Jnnastra, v Vimalamitra, Con khn cu cc ngi. Xin ch cho con con
ng dn ti gii thot. Padmasambhava, Php bo duy nht ca ci Dim ph , Cng
vi c Vua, cc Thn dn, v ngi H tr,61 nhng con ci-tm yu
siu vit ca cc ngi, Longchen [Rabjam], bc gii m i dng cc kho tng
tm, Jigme Lingpa, bc c ph chc kho tng ti thng ca cc Dkin. Con khn
cu cc ngi. Xin cho con t c kt qu v thnh tu gii thot.
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42
1
PHP THN
Dharmakya (Php thn), thn ti thng, to thnh nn tng ca mi phm hnh
ca v Pht, v nn tng nng lc ca cc ngi hot ng. Bn tnh ca Php thn th
thanh tnh t trng thi nguyn thy ca n v thun tnh khng b mi nhim ngu
nhin. Siu vt t tng v s biu l bng ngn t, Php thn an tr khng b tri
buc trong nhng tnh cht, ging nh khng gian. Khng di i khi trng thi
Php thn, n p ng nhng nhu cu ca mi sinh loi nh s hin din t nhin ca
hai sc thn.
Trong nhng hnh tng ca phi Nyingma, Php thn c tng trng bng mt v
Pht nam v n trn tri trong s hp nht, c mu thanh thin (xanh dng nht),
c gi l Samantabhadra (Ph Hin).
Samantabhadra biu th phng din chng ng Php thn, bn tnh ti thng ca
mi phm tnh tt lnh v xu xa ca sinh t v nit bn. T nguyn thy, ngi chng
ng tr tu nguyn s ca Php gii ti thng, thot khi s nim ha. Nh s chng
ng ny ngi khng an tr trong nhng cc oan ca sinh t m cng khng an tr
trong s an bnh ca nit bn. Ngi c gia lc bng s thu sut chn l ti thng,
v s thu sut ny l tr tu nguyn s hon ton bnh ng (bnh ng tnh tr). N
khng l s trng khng n thun do s tch dit to nn. Thay vo , i tng ca tr
tu nguyn s phn bit (diu quan st tr) ca tt c ch Pht, l tinh ty ca tr
tu nguyn s vi t, an tr nh ci tnh ca s quang minh ni ti, thn tr
trung trong mt tnh bnh. S quang minh ni ti ca mi lin h gia tr tu
nguyn s v i tng ca n c th c v nh cch mt ming pha l phng chiu mt
quang ph nh sng, nhng trn thc t nhng tia sng th c hu trong ming pha
l. Do bi nng lc thing ling ny, s quang minh ni ti, nm v Thy ca nm
loi mn la Bo thn an tr, nh s c hu hin l, trong s ph din v i ca nhng
hnh tng v tr tu bt kh phn.
Php thn an tr khng c s bin i, phn bit, khc bit, trong nm cch
th:
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43
NI CHN: php gii ti thng, ci tnh ca thn tr trung trong mt tnh bnh
O S: Ph Hin, s t-tnh gic v i, tr tu nguyn s ca nht th-nh th CC T:
Hi chng nh i dng cc tr tu nguyn s. THI GIAN: Thi gian bt bin, s nh
th GIO L: Dzopa Chenpo (i Vin mn) ti thng, gio l ca thn, ng, v tm
khng b to tc.
Php thn, thanh tnh t nguyn thy, nht v, ging nh khng gian. N an
tr vi ba loi tr tu nguyn s, siu vt s khi nim ha ca cc cc oan, thuyt
thc th (vnh cu) v thuyt h v. Ba tr tu nguyn s l:
1. Tr tu nguyn s ca tinh ty ni ti, thun tnh t nguyn
thy, siu vt nhng cc oan ca s khi nim ha v s biu l bng ngn t,
ging nh pha l trong sut.
2. Tr tu nguyn s ca bn tnh thnh tu t nhin; n l s quang minh vi
t, su xa, lm nn tng cho s xut hin ca nhng thuc tnh ca phng din biu
l, v n khng hin hu nh mt cch th c th c tnh cht hin tng.
3. Tr tu nguyn s ca lng bi mn trm khp (nng lc); n an tr ging nh
mt t khng gy chng ngi s sinh khi xy ra nh nng lc hin l ca tinh ty
ni ti; nhng s tnh gic ny khng phn tch i tng ca n.
Nu c bt k s th lu no th Php thn s thuc v hin tng v n s c
nhng tnh cht, trong trng hp n s khng iu kin nh ci g c s an bnh v
thot khi s khi nim ha nh ngha rt ro ca n. Nu khng c phng din vi t
ca s quang minh su xa nh nn tng ca s xut hin th Php thn s ch n thun
l mt s vng mt, ging nh mt khong trng. V th n l mt tr tu nguyn s ca
s quang minh vi t, m trng, an tr nh nn tng ca s xut hin, siu vt hai
cc oan ca thuyt thc th (vnh cu) v h v.
Php thn s hu ba phm tnh v i: 1. Thun tnh v i (sPang Pa Chen Po):
hai che chng thnh
lnh v huyn ha vi nhng tp qun ca chng, l ci thc ra khng hin hu,
hon ton c tnh ha.
2. S chng ng v i (rTogs Pa Chen Po): Nh tr tu nguyn s v i ca s
bt nh, Php thn nhn tt c sinh t v nit bn m khng ri vo s phn bit.
3. Tm v i (Sems Chen Po): Do bi hai phm tnh trc, nhng hin l ca
Php thn i vi s li lc ca tt c chng sinh th t nhin v thnh tu mt cch t
nhin m khng c bt k khi nim no.
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2
BO THN
Dharmakya (Php thn) an tr trong trng thi ca s quang minh su xa v
bn tnh tuyt i ca cc hin tng. Khng chnh sa bn tnh ca Php thn,
Sambhogakya (Bo thn) t-xut hin, thn h lc, hin l t nhin. T tinh ty
ca Php thn, phng din hin l ca tr tu nguyn s, v s thn Pht v ci tnh
xut hin nh s t-tri gic, ging nh nhng tia sng nm mu xut hin t mt
ming pha l nh nhng tia sng mt tri. Trong Bo thn, v Thy v cc t c hp
nht trong phm vi ca cng mt s chng ng. V Thy khng ban gio l m ng hn,
cc gio l c t xut hin trong trng thi ng nht. Cc Bo Thn xut hin t
nhin nh s t-tri gic theo nm cch th:
NI CHN: Ci tnh v song ca mng li tuyt p t-tri gic V THY: Nm b
Pht, chng hn nh Vajrasattva (Akshobhya, Pht Bt ng), c t im ba mi
hai tng tt v tm mi tng ph. CC T: V lng ch Pht nh i dng, xut hin nh
s t-hin l ca tr tu nguyn s, khng g khc hn chnh l v Thy. GIO L: Ci
thy chi ngi v i, khng th din t v thot khi nhng s khi nim ha ca biu
th v ngn t. THI GIAN: S bt bin; chu k thi gian lun lun tip din
C hai loi trao truyn trong Bo thn: 1. Trong ci tnh v song, cc
gio l tantra c Samantabhadra (Ph
Hin) ban cho ch Pht Bo Thn t-tri gic, chnh l c Ph Hin, trong khi
v Thy v cc t an tr trong trng thi chng ng khng th phn bit. iu ny c
gi l s trao truyn cng mt tm ca v Thy v t.62
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2. Nh s gia h ca v Thy, nhng t c tm thc khc bit vi tm ca Thy tr
nn ng nht vi tm Thy. iu ny c gi l s trao truyn vic tr nn bt kh phn
ca tm Thy v t.63
Nm tr tu nguyn s ca Bo thn l:64 1. Php gii th tnh tr
(dharmadhtujnna): L s hp nht bt kh phn ca
ba phng din: tnh Khng v i (s m trng), l nn tng ca s gii thot,
thun tnh t nguyn thy; nn tng ca s t-quang minh, nh sng t nhin ca tr
tu nguyn s; v Php gii ti hu ca tr tu tnh gic.
2. i vin cnh tr (darshajnna): Nhng hnh tng xut hin trong gic tnh
trng khng-quang minh theo cch th khng b chng ngi, ging nh s xut hin
ca nhng phn chiu trong mt tm gng. Tr tu nguyn s ny l phng din ca nn
tng i vi s xut hin ca hai sc thn, Bo thn v Ha thn. p li nhng t c th
nhn thy v tu tp, hai sc thn ca c Pht v ba tr tu nguyn s sau y xut
hin t nhin nh mt phn chiu.
3. Bnh ng tnh tr (samantjnna): l tr tu bnh ng v i gii thot t
nguyn s, trong mi s xut hin ca cc sc thn ca c Pht xut hin ph hp vi
tri gic ca cc t, khng ri vo hay gi bt k cc oan no.
4. Diu quan st tr (pratyavekshanajnna): l tr tu nguyn s ng thi
nhn thy r rng mi hin tng c th nhn thc c khng cht sai lm.
5. Thnh s tc tr (kritynushthnajnna): l tr tu nguyn s thnh tu
nhng mc ch ca ring ta trong trng thi ca gic tnh ni ti, v phng s t
nhin mi nhu cu ca chng sinh m khng cn n lc, ging nh mt vin ngc nh
.
Php gii th tnh tr nhn mi s nh chng l, chn l tuyt i; v bn tr tu
nguyn s kia nhn thy cch thc mi s xut hin, chn l tng i.
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3
HA THN
Trong khi Php thn an tr m khng di chuyn khi s nht nh v i ca sinh
t v Nit bn, sc thn ca c Pht, nhng hin l lng bi mn khng cn dng cng,
xut hin trong nhng ph din mun hnh vn trng khng ngi ngh, nh s ph din
ca nhng xut hin thn diu.
Ngy no sinh t cn hin hu th Nirmnakya (Ha thn), thn hin l, s cn
xut hin p ng nhng nhu cu ca nhng chng sinh bnh thng. l bi khi mt
trng c phn chiu trong nhng thng nc, th c bao nhiu thng nc l c by
nhiu mt trng to ra nh phn chiu ca n. Ha thn c th c phn thnh ba
loi:
1. Ha thn t nhin (Rang bZhin sPrul sKu): i vi cc t c tri gic
thanh tnh, v nhng bc t c cp no trong mi cp (thp a), hin l Bo thn v
i xut hin nh tnh v song v nhng ci tnh ca Nm B Pht, chng hn nh
Vajrasattva, v ca Ba B Pht, chng hn nh Vajrapni (Kim Cng Th), ging
nh s phn chiu trong mt tm gng. y tm ca cc t khng ng nht vi tm ca v
Thy, c Pht, nhng trong thc t nhng ci tnh ny l nhng ci tnh Bo thn, v
th chng c gi l nhng ci tnh na-Bo thn v na-Ha thn.
2. Nhng bc Ha thn iu phc chng sinh (Gro Dul sPrul sKu): y l hin
l ca Ha thn tuyt ho, c ba mi hai tng tt v tm mi tng ph. Cc ngi xut
hin trong mi mt ci trong su ci ca v s h thng th gii. Bng mi hai cng
hnh v nhng phng php thin xo cc ngi phng s cc nhu cu v s gii thot ca
tt c chng sinh. Ha thn tuyt ho ca ci ngi trong h thng th gii ca
chng ta trong thi hin ti l c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni.
Mi hai cng hnh ca c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni l (1) h th t ci tri
Tushita (u sut), (2) vo thai tng ca thn mu, (3) n sinh, (4) hc cc
ngh thut, (5) lp gia nh, (6) t b i sng gia ch th tc, (7) thc hnh kh
hnh,
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47
(8) du hnh ti Ci B , (9) chin thng ma qun, (10) t c Pht qu; v
(12) nhp nit bn.
3. Ha thn ca nhng Thn tng Khc nhau (sNa Tshogs SPrul sKu): Trong
hin l Ha thn ny khng c s chc chn v ni chn, hnh thc, hay khong thi
gian ca s hin l. N xut hin trong bt k hnh thc no thch hp vi chng
sinh, chng hn nhng sinh loi; nh nhng hnh tng, Kinh in, nh ca, vn
tc, thuc men, cu ng, v v. v..
Tr tu nguyn s ca Ha thn l s chng ng rng bt k hnh thc Ha thn no
xut hin trc chng sinh th khng phi l nhng hnh thc v tri hay ch l
nhng phn chiu. Cc ngi c hai loi tr tu nguyn s, v nhng tr tu xut hin
mt cch t nhin v s li lc ca chng sinh.
Tr tu nguyn s thu sut nh n l l s chng ng bn tnh ca chn l tuyt i
ca mi vt hin hu c tnh cht hin tng, khng c bt k sai lm no. Tr tu ny
biu l cho chng sinh ngha ca chn l tuyt i, l chn l thot khi nhng s
khi nim ha ca sinh v dit, ging nh khng gian.
Tr tu nguyn s thu bit tt c nhng s hin hu c tnh cht hin tng ng
thi l s chng ng chn l tng i khng lm ln nhng tnh cht khc bit ca cc
hin hu hin tng.
S trao truyn c nht v nh ca i Vin mn c Prahevajra (Garab Dorje,
Kim Cng H) nhn t Vajrasattva hay Vajrapni. Vajrasattva v Vajrapni l
v Pht xut hin trong hnh thc Sambhogakya (Bo Thn) hay na Bo Thn, v
Prahevajra l v Pht xut hin trong hnh thc Ha Thn.
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4
PRAHEVAJRA (GARAB DORJE)
PRAHEVAJRA (dGa Rab rDo rJe)65 l mt Nirmnakya (Ha thn), thn hin
l ca c Pht xut hin nh o s i Vin mn u tin trong loi ngi. Theo nhng
ngun mch ca i Vin mn, Prahevajra sinh lm con gi ca Vua x Oddiyna.
Theo mt vi hc gi th Oddiyna khu vc quanh Thung lng Swat m hin nay l
Pakistan. Oddiyna l sui ngun quan trng nht ca cc gio l Pht gio, hay
tantra (Mt in) b truyn. N l mt a im y nng lc v l x s ca cc dkin,
nhiu ti nguyn thin nhin, rng rm v d th. Ti Oddiyna cng c mt ngi cha
trng l tn l Deche Tsekpa (V s H lc) c 6.108 ngi cha nh bao quanh.
Tt c u rt hng thnh.
Cch khng xa lm, trn mt hn o c ct vng bao ph, mt s c tn l
Sudharm,67 con gi ca Vua Uparja68 v Hong hu lokabhsvati (Bc Chiu
sng)69 x Oddiyna ang thin nh trong mt tp lu c n s vi mt th gi tn l
Sukhasravati (Tri tim H lc). Mt m, s c c mt gic m trong mt ngi n ng
tinh khit vi nc da trng xut hin v t mt bnh pha l ln u c ba ln. Chic
bnh c t im nm ch tng trng cho nm v Pht v pht ra nhng tia sng, v c c
th nhn thy ba ci tht r rng.
Sau gic m, vo ngy mng mi, s c sinh ra mt cu con trai t im nhng
du hiu kit tng. a tr ny l ti sinh ca Adhichitta, mt hin l ca
Vajrasattva (Kim Cng Tt a), ng xut hin trong ci tri truyn b i Vin
mn . S c hong s v xu h. a tr khng cha ny chnh l mt tinh linh xu c!
c la ln v nm n vo mt h tro, mc d c th gi, l ngi c nhng phm tnh tt
lnh, cnh bo s c rng a tr l mt hin l gic ng. Vo lc , ngi ta nghe thy
nhng m thanh k diu, v nhng tia sng xut hin. Ba m sau , s c tm li c
a b, n bnh yn v s.70 C nhn ra rng a b l mt hin l gic ng, v c a n v
nh, qun n trong mt ming la trng v tm cho n. Vo lc , cc dkin v hin
nhn ca ngi v cng dng a tr, v t trn khng trung cc v tri tn thn:
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49
V Bo tr, o s, ng Th Tn, Bc Th h ca th gii, ngi khm ph chn tnh,
Xin l v bo tr mnh m ca chng con. Kim cng ca Php gii, chng con khn
cu ngi.
Khi a tr ln by tui, trn y nng lc tr tu, cu ni n m cho cu i
gp
cc hc gi c th tho lun vi h v gio thuyt tn gio. Khi c cho php, cu
vi v chy ti ng ca cu l Vua Uparja, v khn cu c gp cc hc gi. Cu tho
lun vi nm trm hc gi, khng ai c th nh bi cu. H ng lng chp nhn cu
l