This compilation is prepared by C2012 and is included in the 2009 ADAPT kit. The C2012 Constitutional Law 1 Digest Compilation is for the EXCLUSIVE use of UP Law Students. All rights are reserved. LSG Online Academic Library - A Project of UP LSG Secretariat http://uplsg.org
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This compilation is prepared by C2012 and is included in the 2009 ADAPT kit. The C2012 Constitutional Law 1 Digest Compilation is for the EXCLUSIVE use
of UP Law Students.
All rights are reserved.
LSG Online Academic Library - A Project of UP LSG Secretariat
http://uplsg.org
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
Abbas vs. Senate Electoral Tribunal !""#$%&'#"(!#)*+,-./#012#!344#56#7'6%8#9:;*:<*,2#=>##?.+@+@,;./AB#C@/DEA@#$F:@G#'--:A#.+#:G>##&.AH,;D.;+B#IJ.#$.;:+.#5G.*+,/:G#I/@-E;:G#K$5IL##6:+E/.B#$H.*@:G#%@M@G#'*+@,;#N,/#*./+@,/:/@#+,#/[email protected]#+J.#/.A,GE+@,;A#,N#+J.#$.;:+.#5G.*+,/:G#I/@-E;:G##C:*+AB#);#)*+,-./#32#!341#+J.#H.+@+@,@;./A#[email protected]#-.N,/.#+J.#$5I#:;#.G.*+@,;#*,;+.A+#:P:@;A+#00#*:;D@D:+.A#,N#+J.#Q'7'6#*,:G@+@,;#OJ,#O./.#H/,*G:@F.D#A.;:+,/AR.G.*+#@;#S:<#!!2#!341#*,;P/.AA@,;:G#.G.*+@,;A#-<#%)S5Q5%>###$5I#O:A#*,FH,A.D#,N#T#=EA+@*.A#,N#+J.#$%#:;D#"#$.;:+,/A>#K=EA+@*.A#U:H2#6:/M:A:#:;D#9E+@.//.VW#$.;:+,/#5A+/:D:2#9,;V:G.A2#9E@;P,;:2#Q@;:#=/>2#I:F:;,#:;D#X@P:L>##$.;:+,/#=,A.HJ#5A+/:D:#/.A@P;.D#N/,F#+J.#$5I2#:;D#O:A#/.HG:*.D#-<#$.;:+,/#5;/@G.>##);#6,M.F-./#!12#!341#H.+@+@,;./A#[email protected]#O@+J#+J.#$5I#:#F,+@,;#N,/#D@AYE:G@N@*:+@,;#,/#@;J@-:+@,;#,N#+J.#$.;:+,/RF.F-./A#+J./.,N#N/,F#+J.#J.:/@;P#:;D#/.A,GE+@,;#,N#+J.#.G.*+@,;#*,;+.A+#,;#+J.#P/,E;D#+J:+#+J.<#:/.#:GG#@;+./.A+.D#H:/[email protected]#+,#+J.#*:A.>##$,F.#F.F-./A#,N#+J.#$5I#M,GE;+:/@G<#@;J@-@+.D#+J.FA.GM.A#N/,F#H:/+@*@H:+@;P#@;#+J.#J.:/@;P#:;D#D.G@-./:+@,;A#,N#+J.#+/@-E;:G#@;#+J.#*:A.A#:P:@;A+#+J.F>##'N+./#+J.#N@G@;P#,N#/.AH.*+@M.#F.F,/:;D:A#:;D#,/:G#:/PEF.;+A2#+J.#F,+@,;#N,/#D@AYE:G@N@*:+@,;#,/#@;J@-@+@,;#:;D#F,+@,;#N,/#*,;A@D./:+@,;#,N#+J.#H.+@+@,;./A#O./.#D.;@.D>#Z.;*.2#+J.#H/.A.;+#*:A.>##[AAE.B#?.+@+@,;./A#*,;+.;D#+J:+#*,;A@D./:+@,;#,N#HE-G@*#H,G@*<2#N:@/#HG:<#:;D#DE.#H/,*.AA#/.YE@/.#+J.#F:AA#D@AYE:G@N@*:+@,;#,N#+J.#$5I\A#$.;:+,/RF.F-./A>##';D#+J:+#+J.#$5I\A#/EG.A#,N#H/,*.DE/.#AJ,EGD#-.#:F.;D.D#@;#,/D./#+,#H./F@+#+J.#*,;+.A+#+,#-.#D.*@D.D#,;G<#-<#+J.#T#=EA+@*.RF.F-./A>##&EG@;PB#IJ.#H.+@+@,;./\A#H/,H,A:G#@A#*,;A+@+E+@,;:GG<#@;N@/F>##!># 7<#H/,M@D@;P#N,/#:#I/@-E;:G#+,#-.#A+:NN.D#-<#-,+J#=EA+@*.A#,N#+J.#$%#:;D#S.F-./A#,N#+J.#$.;:+.2#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#@;+.;D.D#+J:+#-,+J#+J,A.#]^ED@*@:G_#:;D#]G.P@AG:+@M._#*,FH,;.;+A#*,FF,;G<#AJ:/.#+J.#DE+<#:;D#E+J,/@+<#,N#D.*@D@;P#:GG#*,;+.A+A#/.G:+@;P#+@#+J.#.G.*+@,;2#/.+E/;A#:;D#YE:G@N@*:+@,;A#,N#$.;:+,/A>##0># IJ.#A:@D#@;+.;+#@A#*G.:/G<#A@P;:GG.D#-<#+J.#H/.A*/@-.D#F.F-./AJ@H#,N#+J.#$5I#OJ@*J#@A#0#+,#!#K"#A.;:+,/A2#T#^EA+@*.AL>#[+#@A#:;#E;F@A+:`:-G.#@;D@*:+@,;#+J:+#+J.#G.P@AG:+@M.#*,FH,;.;+#*:;;,+#-.#+,+:GG<#.a*GED.D>##T># Q@+@P:;+A#FEA+#A@FHG<#HG:*.#+J.@/#+/EA+#:;D#J,H.A#,N#M@;D@*:+@,;#@;#+J.#N:@/;.AA#:;D#A.;A.#,N#^EA+@*.#,N#+J.#S.F-./A#,N#+J.#I/@-E;:G2#=EA+@*.A#:;D#$.;:+,/A2#A@;PG<#:;D#*,GG.*[email protected]<>##b># 5M./<#F.F-./#,N#+J.#I/@-E;:G#F:<2#:A#J@A#*,;A*@.;*.#D@*+:+.A2#/.N/:@;#N/,F#H:/+@*@H:+@;P#@;#+J.#/.A,GE+@,;#,N#:#*:A.#OJ./.#J.#A@;*./.G<#N..GA#+J:+#J@A#H./A,;:G#@;+./.A+A#,/#-@:A.A#O,EGD#A+:;D#@;#+J.#O:<#,N#:;#,-^.*+@M.#,/#H:/+@:G#^EDPF.;+>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
#&'I[)#IJ.#$.;:+.#5G.*+,/:G#I/@-E;:G#*:;;,+#G.P:GG<#NE;*+@,;#:A#AE*J2#:-A.;+#@+A#.;+@/.#F.F-./AJ@H#,N#$.;:+,/A#:;D#+J:+#;,#:F.;DF.;+#,N#@+A#&EG.A#*:;#*,;N./#,;#+J.#+J/..#=EA+@*.RS.F-./A#:G,;.#+J.#H,O./#,N#M:G@D#^E@/A@D@*+@,;#,N#:#A.;:+,/@:G#.G.*+@,;#*,;+.A+>##c@AH,A+@,;B#IJ.#H.+@+@,;#N,/#*./+@,/:/@#@A#D@[email protected]#N,/#G:*`#,N#F./@+>##d,+.B#!!W#T#e#+,,`#;,#H:/+#F.F-./A#,N#$5I#########################Ang-Angco VS Castillo 6,M>#Tf2#!3"T##Original Petition. Certiorari, prohibition, and mandamus with premilinary mandatory injunction.. #Bautista Anbelo, J. #FACTSB##!>#)*+2#42#!3("B#?.HA@#%,G:#C:/#5:A+#I/:D.#c.M.G,HF.;+#%,>2#[;*>#O/,+.#+,#+J.#$.*>#,N#%,FF./*.#:;D#[;DEA+/<#/.YE.A+@;P#N,/#:#AH.*@:G#H./F@+#N,/#+J.#/.G.:A.#,N#!2!44#E;@+A#,N#H.HA@#*,G:#*,;*.;+/:+.A#N/,F#+J.#*EA+,FJ,EA.>##IJ,A.#*,FF,D@[email protected]#O./.#@FH,/+.D#O@+J,E+#D,GG:/#:GG,*:+@,;#,/#/.F@++:;*.#,N#N,/.@P;#.a*J:;P.>####0>##);#+J.#A:F.#D:+.2#A:F.#*,FH:;<#:;D#$.;:+,/#?.D/,#$:-@D,2#@;#-.J:GN#,N#+J.#*,FH:;<2#O/,+.#+,#$.*>#,N#C@;:;*.#KZ./;:;D.VL#OJ,#O:A#:GA,#+J.#%J:@/F:;#,N#+J.#S,;.+:/<#7,:/D#,N#+J.#%.;+/:G#7:;`:A`@;P#N,/#:E+J,/@+<#+,#O@+JD/:O#+J.#*,G:#*,;*.;+/:+.A>>##$.;>#$:-@D,2#:;D#G:+./#$.*>#Z./;:;D.V2#:GA,#O/,+.#+,#'*+@;P#9,M./;,/#,N#7$?#c/>#';D/.A#%:A+@GG,##T>##[FH,/+R5aH,/+#%,FF@++..#,N#+J.#7$?#+J/E#S/>#9/.P,/@,#Q@*:/,A2#AE-F@++.D#+,#+J.#S,;.+:/<#7,:/D#:#F.F,/:;DEF#/.#^,@;+#H.+@+@,;#,N#$:-@D,#Q:O#)NN@*.#:;D#*,FH:;<#,;#+J.#O@+JD/:O:G#,N#+J.#*,;*.;+/:+.A2#A+:+@;P#+J:+#@A#J:A#;,#,-^.*+@,;#+,#+J.#H.+@+@,;>##
#4>##IJ.#%,FF@++..#AE-F@++.D#+,#?/.A>#S:PA:<A:<#@+A#/.H,/+#/.*,FF.;D@;P#+J.#AEAH.;A@,;#,N#';P#';P*,#N,/#!(#D:<A#O@+J,E+#H:<W#'H/>#!2#!3(1B#';PR';P*,#O:A#/.@;A+:+.D#-<#$.*>#Z./;:;D.V>##IJ.#D.*@A@,;#,N#+J.#:DF@;@A+/:+@M.#*:A.#O:A#A+@GG#H.;D@;P#E;@+G#S:PA:<A:<\A#D.:+J#KS:/*J#!12#!3(1L>###3>##C,/#+J/..#<.:/A#';P#';P*,#J:D#-..;#D@A*J:/P@;P#+J.#[email protected]#,N#J@A#,NN@*.W#C.->#!02#!3"fB#5a.*>#$.*>#6:+:G@,#%:A+@GG,#/.;D./.D#D.*@A@,;#N@;D@;P#';P#';P*,#PE@G+<#,N#*,;DE*+#H/.^ED@*@:G#+,#+J.#@;+./.A+#,N#+J.#A./M@*.>##Z.#O:A#*,;A@D./.D#/.A@P;.D#N/,F#+J.#D:+.#,N#;,+@*.>##!f>##';P#';P*,#O/,+.#:#G.++./#+,#?/.A>#9:/*@:#A+:+@;P#+J:+#J@A#/.F,M:G#N/,F#,NN@*.#-<#$.*>#%:A+@GG,#D.H/@M.A#J@F#,N#J@A#statutory right#+,#J:M.#J@A#*:A.#D.*@D.D#-<#+J.#%,FF@AA@,;./#,N#%@M@G#$./M@*.#:;D#right to appeal +,#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#7,:/D#,N#'HH.:GA>##!!>#C.->#!"2#!3"fB#$.*>#%:A+@GG,#D.;@.D#/.YE.A+#N,/#/.*,;A@D./:+@,;W#';P#';P*,#:P:@;#A.;+#F.F,/:;DEF#+,#?/.A>#9:/*@:W#$.*>#%:A+@GG,#-<#:E+J,/@+<#,N#?/.A>##);#=EG<#!2#!3"f#D.;@.D#+J.#:HH.:GB#?/.AD@.;+\A#power of control ,M./#:GG#.a.*E+@M.#D.H:/+F.;+A#*:;#+:`.#D@/.*+#:*+@,;#:;D#D@AH,A.#,N#:DF@;@A+/:+@M.#*:A.#>##This power of control can not be divested from Presdient nor can the same be diminished. !0>##IJEA2#@;#M@,G:+@,;#,N#DE.#H/,*.AA2#';PR';P*,#@;A+@+E+.D#H.+@+@,;#N,/#*./+@,/:/@2#H/,J@-@+@,;#:;D#F:;D:FEA#O@+J#@AAE:;*.#,N#:#H/.G@F@;:/<#F:;D:+,/<#@;^E;*+@,;>##c.;@.D#/.YE.A+#N,/#@;^E;*+@,;>#### ARGUMENTS – on due process #!>#';P#';P*,#-.G,;PA#+,#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.#-.*:EA.#J.#O:A#;,+#:#?/.A@D.;+@:G#'HH,@;+..#-E+#O:A#/:+J./#:HH,@;+.D#-<#+J.#$.*>#,N#C@;:;*.#E;D./#+J.#&[email protected]#'DF@;@A+/:+@M.>##IJEA#J@A#/.F,M:G#N/,F#,NN@*.#*:;#,;G<#-.#.a.*E+.D#@;#:**,/D:;*.#O@+J#+J.#H/,M@A@,;A#,N#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#'*+#,N#!3(3>####0>##$.*>#!"#,N#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#'*+#,N#!3(3#M.A+A#EH,;#+J.#%,FF@AA@,;./#,N#%@M@G#$./M@*.#+J.#,/@P@;:G#:;D#.a*GEA@M.#^E/@AD@*+@,;#+,#D.*@D.#:DF@;@A+/:+@M.#*:A.A#:P:@;A+#,NN@*./A#:;D#.FHG,<./A#@;#+J.#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.#:;D#+,#/.F,M.2#A.H:/:+.2#:;D#AEAH.;D#].a*.H+#:A#F:<#-.#H/,[email protected]#-<#G:O_>###
R#Revised Administrative CodeB#?/.A@D.;+#J:A#H,O./#+,#/.F,M.#,NN@*@:GA#N/,F#,NN@*.#conformably to law/in accordance with the Civil Service Law ---- +J:+#;,+#-G:;`.+#:E+J,/@+<#-E+#A+@GG#AE-^.*+#+,#G:O##
#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
T>##$.*>#!4#,N#+J.#A:F.#'*+#H/,[email protected]#+J:+#:HH.:GA#*:;#-.#F:D.#+,#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#7,:/D#,N#'HH.:GA#OJ,A.#D.*@A@,;#@A#N@;:G>##b>##IJ@A#'*+#D,.A#;,+#H/,M@D.#:;<#:HH.:G#+,#+J.#?/.A>#)/#*,;N./#+,#+J.#G:++./#+J.#H,O./#+,#/[email protected]#F,+E#H/,H/@,#E;G@`.#+J.#%,,F,;O.:G+J#'*+>#(34#OJ@*J#O:A#.aH/.AAG<#/.H.:G.D>####b>##IJ./.N,/.2#5a.*>#$.*/.+:/<#M@,G:+.D#+J.#PE:/:;+<#M,E*JA:N.D#@;#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#+,#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.#-<#M@,G:+@;P#+J.#H/,M@A@,;#,N#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#'*+#,N#!3(3#OJ@*J#M.A+A#EH,;#+J.#%,FF@AA@,;./#,N#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#.a*GEA@M.#^E/@AD@*+@,;#:A#/.P:/DA#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.>####(>##?/.A@D.;+#+J./.N,/.#*:;;,+#.a./*@A.#@+A#H,O./#,N#*,;+/,G#,M./#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.>##### COUNTER-ARGUMENTS: - on power of control !>##%@M@G#$./M@*.#'*+#D,.A#;,+#:HHG<#+,#H,O./#,N#*,;+/,G#-<#?/.A@D.;+#-.*:EA.#+,#J,GD#,+J./O@A.#O,EGD#-.#+,#D.H/@M.#+J.#?/.A@D.;+#,N#J@A#H,O./#,N#*,;+/,G>##0>##gJ.+J./#+J.#,NN@*./A#,/#.FHG,<..A#:/.#H/.A@D.;+@:G#:HH,@;+..A#,/#-.G,;P#+,#+J.#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.2#:A#G,;P#:A#+J.<#:/.#:GG#,NN@*./A#:;D#.FHG,<..A#@;#+J.#.a.*E+@M.#D.H:/+F.;+2#+J.<#:GG#*,F.#E;D./#+J.#*,;+/,G#,N#+J.#?/.A@D.;+#:;D#J@A#H,O./#,N#/.F,M:G#F:<#-.#.a./*@A.D#,M./#+J.F#D@/.*+G<>####T>##IJ@A#H,O./#,N#*,;+/,G#P/:;+.D#+,#+J.#?/.A@D.;+#*:;#,;G<#-.#G@F@+.D#-<#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#:;D#;,+#-<#%,;P/.AAW#@N#%,;P/.AA#G@F@+A#AE*J#H,O./2#+J.;#+J@A#@A#+:;+:F,E;+#+,#:F.;D@;P#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;>#### ISSUE: WON the President has the power to suspend or remove all employees or officials in executive departments including those in the classified service. RATIO: The power of the President to remove all employees or officials in the executive department shall be limited by law and by the Civil Service Act of 1959. #!>#$.*>#!"#,N#+J.#%@M@G#$./M@*.#'*+#,N#!3(3#M.A+A#EH,;#+J.#%,FF@AA@,;./#,N#%@M@G#$./M@*.#+J.#,/@P@;:G#:;D#.a*GEA@M.#^E/@AD@*+@,;#+,#D.*@D.#:DF@;@A+/:+@M.#*:A.A#:P:@;A+#,NN@*./A#:;D#.FHG,<./A#@;#+J.#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.>#0>##?,O./#,N#%,FF@AA@,;./#+,#/.F,M.2#A.H:/:+.2#:;D#AEAH.;D#].a*.H+#:A#F:<#-.#H/,[email protected]#-<#G:O_>###
R#Revised Administrative CodeB#?/.A@D.;+#J:A#H,O./#+,#/.F,M.#,NN@*@:GA#N/,F#,NN@*.#conformably to law/in accordance with the Civil Service Law ---- +J:+#;,+#-G:;`.+#:E+J,/@+<#-E+#A+@GG#AE-^.*+#+,#G:O>#
## ISSUE 2: WON power of control (Sec. 10 Art. VII) as conferred by the Constitution to the President gives the President the power to remove an officer or employee in the executive department. RATIO2 : The power of control as provided in the Constitution shall mean “control over the acts of the subordinate and not over the actor or agent himself”. #!>##H,O./#H./+:@;A#,;G<#+,#+J.#H,O./#+,#F,D@N<#,/#:G+./#,/#;EGG@N<#OJ:+#:#AE-,/D@;:+.#,NN@*./#J:D#D,;.#@;#+J.#H./N,/F:;*.#,N#J@A#[email protected]#:;D#AE-A+@+E+.#+J.#^EDPF.;+#,N#+J.#N,/F./#N,/#+J.#G:++./>#0>##?/.A>#[A#P@M.;#D@/.*+#*,;+/,GhOJ./.EH,;#J.#*:;#]/.H.:G#,/#F,D@N<#D.*@A@,;A#,N#+J.#*[email protected]#,N#A:@D#-E/.:EA#,/#,NN@*.A_>###T>##?/.A@D.;+\A#H,O./#/.N./A#,;G<#+,#F:++./A#,N#P.;./:G#H,G@*<#e#D@/.*+#*,E/A.#,N#:*+@,;#,/#F.+J,D#N,GG,O.D#-<#:#P,M+#-,D<#,/#@;D@M@DE:G>###b>##6,#,NN@*./#,/#.FHG,<..#@;#+J.#*@M@G#A./M@*.#AJ:GG#-.#/.F,M.D#,/#AEAH.;D.D#.a*.H+#N,/#*:EA.#:A#H/,[email protected]#-<#G:O>###
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
# ADDTL ARGUMENT: power to remove is inherent in power to appoint (Lacson v Romero). - -E+#;,+#+J,A.#OJ,#:/.#E;D./#*G:AA@[email protected]#A./M@*.#*,V#+J.<#:/.#;,+#H/.A>#'HH,@;+..A>#### R%,;P/.AA#F:<#-<#G:O#M.A+#+J.#:HH+#,N#@;N./@,/#,NN@*./A#@;#?/.A>#'G,;.2#@;#+J.#*,E/+A2#,/#@;#+J.#J.:DA#,N#D.H+>#### R%,;A+@+E+@,;:G#:E+J,/@+<#@;#%,;P/.AA#+,#M.A+#+J.#:HH+#@[email protected]#+J.#:E+J,/@+<#+,#G@F@+A2#/.A+/@*+2#:;D#/.PEG:+.#+J.#/.F,M:G#-<#AE*J#G:OA#:A#%,;P/.AA#F:<#.;:*+>###########Araneta v. Dinglasan c:+.B#'EPEA+#0"2#!3b3#C:*+AB##IJ@A#@A#:#*,;A,G@D:+@,;#,N#(#*:A.A#+J:+#+J.#%,E/+#*J,A.#+,#D@AH,A.#,N#^,@;+G<>#?.+@+@,;./A#*J:GG.;P.#+J.#M:G@D@+<#,N#b#.a.*E+@M.#,/D./A#@AAE.D#@;#M@/+E.#,N#%,FF,;O.:G+J#'*+#6,>#"1!>##
?.+@+@,;./A#/.A+#+J.@/#*:A.#*[email protected]<#,;#+J.#H/,H,A@+@,;#+J:+#%>'>#6,>#"1!#K#';#'*+#c.*G:/@;P#:#$+:+.#,N#I,+:G#5F./P.;*<#:A#:#&.AEG+#,N#g:/#@;M,GM@;P#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.A#:;D#'E+J,/@V@;P#+J.#?/.A@D.;+#+,#?/,FEGP:+.#&EG.A#:;D#&.PEG:+@,;A#+,#S..+#AE*J#5F./P.;*<L#J:A#*.:A.D#+,#J:M.#:;<#N,/*.#:;D#.NN.*+2#+J./.-<#/.;D./@;P#+J.#:AA:@G.D#5a.*E+@M.#)/D./A#;EGG#:;D#M,@D>##[AAE.B##g)6#+J.#.F./P.;*<#H,O./A#D.G.P:+.D#+,#+J.#?/.A@D.;+#J:D#*.:A.D#OJ.;#%,;P/.AA#J.GD#@+A#/.PEG:/#A.AA@,; Z.GDB# U5$># $.*+@,;# 0"# ,N# '/+@*G.# d[# ,N# +J.# !3T(# %,;A+@+E+@,;# H/,[email protected]# In time of war or other national emergency, the Congress may by law authorize the President, for a limited period and subject to such restrictions as it may prescribe, to promulgate rules and regulations to carry out a declared national policy.
# IJ./.# @A# P,,D# -:A@A# @;# +J.# G:;PE:P.# ,N# '*+# 6,># "1!# N,/# +J.# @;N./.;*.# +J:+# +J.# 6:+@,;:G# 'AA.F-G<#/.A+/@*+.D#+J.#G@N.#,N#+J.#.F./P.;*<#H,O./A#,N#+J.#?/.A@D.;+#+,#+J.#+@F.#+J.#Q.P@AG:+E/.#O:A#H/.M.;+.D#N/,F#J,GD@;P#A.AA@,;A#DE.#+,#.;.F<#:*+@,;#,/#,+J./#*:EA.A#-/,EPJ+#,;#-<#+J.#O:/>#$.*+@,;#T#H/,[email protected]#The President of the Philippines shall as soon as practicable upon the convening of the Congress of the Philippines report thereto all the rules and regulations promulgated by him under the powers herein granted. #
# Under Padilla’s concurring opinion:#IJ.#+./F#]/.*.AA_#@;#$.*#!fKbL#'/+#d[[#,N#%,;A+@#K6,O#$.*#!"K0L#'/+#d[[#,N#%,;A+@L#@A#+J.#H./@,D#,N#+@F.#N/,F#+J.#:D^,E/;F.;+#,N#+J.#%,;P/.A#+,#+J.#,H.;@;P#A.AA@,;2#/.PEG:/#,/#AH.*@:G2#,N#+J.#A:F.#%,;P/.AA>#
# Under Bautista’s concurring opinion: I./F#]/.*.AA_#F.:;A#:#+.FH,/:/<#D@AF@AA:G#:;D#;,+#:D^,E/;F.;+#sine die>#%)'#@A#;,+#:#*,;+@;E@;P#-,D<#-E+#,;.#+J:+#*,R.a@A+A#O@+J#%,;P/.AA#+J:+#J:A#*/.:+.D#@+>#gJ.;#+J.#%,;P/.AA#J:A#:D^,E/;.D#A@;.#[email protected]#+J.#%)'#*.:A.#+,#.a@A+#E;+@G#+J.#;.a+#A.AA@,;#,N#+J.#;.O#%,;P/.AA>#
##############################Carino v. Insular Government 0!0#n>$>#bb3#c:+.B#C.-/E:/<#0T2#!3f3#?,;.;+.B#Z,GF.A2#=>#oIJ.#*:A.#-/@;PA#EH#:#^EDPF.;+#,N#+J.#$EH/.F.#%,E/+#,N#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.#[AG:;DA#:NN@/F@;P#:#^EDPF.;+#,N#+J.#%,E/+#,N#Q:;D#&.P@A+/:+@,;#D@AF@AA@;P#:;#:HHG@*:+@,;#N,/#/.P@A+/:+@,;#,N#G:;D>##C:*+AB##
#c.*@A@,;B#=EDPF.;+#/.M./A.D>#########################Brillantes v. COMELEC Date: =E;.#!(2#0ffb#Petitioner:#$@a+,#7/@GG:;+.A#Respondent:#%)S5Q5%#Intervenors:#%,;*.H*@,;2#c.#d.;.*@:2#';P:/:2#9:GM.V#I:;2#c/@G,;2#$:;#=E:;2#9,;V:G.A2#[AG.+:#:;D#7./;:A#Ponente:#%:GG.^,#$/>#Nature:#$H.*@:G#%@M@G#'*+@,;#@;#$EH/.F.#%,E/+>#%./+@,/:/@#:;D#?/,J@-@+@,;>#Facts:#
#Ratio decidendi: # While COMELEC has exclusive jurisdiction over pre-proclamation controversies involving local elective officials, pre-proclamation cases aren’t allowed in elections for President, VP, Senator, and Member of the House of Representatives. # Reasoning:
Ratio decidendi: # The Senate Electoral Tribunal shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members>#K$.*>#!12#'/+@*G.#d[2#!341R%L#
#?/.*.D.;+B#$:;*J.V#MA>#%,FF@AA@,;#,;#5G.*+@,;A#K!341L#DispositionB#?.+@+@,;#D@[email protected]>#K$%#M,+@;P#E;:;@F,EAG<L###########################################Laguna Lake Development Authority v. CA Date: S:/*J#!"2#!33b#Petitioner: Q:PE;:#Q:`.#c.M.G,HF.;+#'E+J,/@+<#
######################################DE AGBAYANI vs. PNB #DateB#'H/@G#032#!31!##PlaintiffB#C/:;*@A*:#$.//:;,#D.#'P-:<:;@##DefendantsB#?J@G@HH@;.#6:+@,;:G#7:;`#K?67L#:;D#+J.#?/,M@;*@:G#$J./@NN#,N#?:;P:A@;:;##PonenteB#C./;:;D,2#J.
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I #NatureB#'HH.:G#N/,F#:#D.*@A@,;#,N#+J.#%,E/+#,N#C@/A+#[;A+:;*.#,N#?:;P:A@;:;##FactsB#
# c.#'P-:<:;@#*,E;+./.D#O@+J#:#AE@+#:P:@;A+#-,+J#?67#:;D#+J.#?/,M@;*@:G#$J./@NN o# +J.#F:@;#:GG.P:+@,;#-.@;P#+J:+#the mortgage sought to be foreclosed had long prescribed2#!(#
# Z)g5d5&2#the orthodox view may not be sufficiently realistic. It is an accepted doctrine that prior to the declaration of unconstitutionality the act is an operative fact to which legal consequences are attached.
o# It would be to deprive the law of fairness and justice if there be no recognition of what had transpired prior to the declaration of unconstitutionality.
###################################Demetria vs Alba C.->#012#!341>##Petition for prohibition with preliminary injunction to review the constitutionality of first paragraph of Sec. 44 of PD 1177 #Fernan, J. ##FACTS: #!>#?.+@+@,;./A#[email protected]#H.+@+@,;#:A#*,;*./;.D#*@+@V.;A2#+:aH:<./A2#F.F-./A#,N#+J.#6:+G#'AA.F-G<>####0>##IJ.<#O./.#:AA:@G@;P#?c#!!112#$.*>#bb#H:/>#!#OJ@*J#:GG.P.DG<#:E+J,/@V.A#?/.A@D.;+#+,#+/:;AN./#:HH/,H/@:+.D#NE;DA#@;D@A*/@F@;:+.G<#N/,F#,;.#D.H:/+F.;+#+,#:;,+J./W#+J@A#@A#HE/H,/+.DG<#:#M@,G:+@,;#,N#'/+>#d[[[#$.*>#!"K(L#!31T#%,;A+@>##
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I T>##$.H+>#!32#!34(B#$,G9.;#YE.A+@,;.D#G.P:G#A+:;D@;P#,N#H.+@+@,;./AW#+J:+#H.+@+@,;./A#O./.#F./.G<#:A`@;P#N,/#:;#:DM@A,/<#,H@;@,;#A@;*.#+J./.#@A#;,#^EA+@*@:-G.#*,;+/,M./A<W#?c#!!11#.;:*+.D#HE/AE:;+#+,#!31T#%,;A+@>##b>##C.->#012#!34"B#%,E/+#/.YE@/.D#H.+@+@,;./A#+,#/.HG<#+,#+J.#%,FF.;+>##?.+@+@,;./A#:GA,#;,+.D#+J:+#+J./.#O:A#;..D#+,#HE+#+J.#*:A.#,;#J,GD#-.*#,N#+J.#*J:;P.#,N#+J.#:DF@;@A+/:+@,;>####(>##$,G9.;#[email protected]#:#/.^,@;D./#O@+J#F,+@,;#+,#D@AF@AA#:/PE@;P#+J:+#*:A.#@A#:G/.:D<#F,,+#:;D#:*:D.F@*#-.*:EA.#!31T#%,;A+@#J:A#-..;#:-/,P:+.D#-<#+J.#C/..D,F#%,;A+@#,;#S:/*J#0(2#!34">#####ISSUE 1: WON petitioners have legal standing RATIO 1: Petitioners shall have legal standing as taxpayers. #
## ISSUE 2: WON the Freedom Constitution of 1986 rendered the petition moot and academic. RATIO 2: The abrogation of the old Constitution by the 1986 Freedom Constitution shall not render the petition moot and academic.
ISSUE 3: WON the President has the authority to indiscriminately transfer funds from one department to another, as provided by PD 1177. RATIO 3: Transfer of funds from one item to another, as provided by PD 1177, shall not be allowed except when the transfer is made to augment an item and when the transferred funds are savings from the original item. -#?c#!!112#+J./.N,/.2#;,+#,;G<#D@A/.P:/DA#+J.#A+:;D:/D#,N#+J.#NE;D:F.;+:G#G:O#:F,E;+@;P#+,#E;DE.#D.G.P:+@,;#,N#G.P@AG:+@M.#H,O./A#-E+#:GA,#P,.A#-.<,;D#+J.#+.;,/#+J./.,N>### - +J.A.#A+:;D:/DA#:/.#D.A@P;.D#:A#A:N.PE:/DA#+,#N,/.A+:GG#:-A.A#@;#+J.#.aH.;D@+E/.A#,N#HE-G@*#NE;DA>#### R#?c#!!11#/.AEG+A#@;#E;*,;+/,GG.D#.a.*E+@M.#.aH.;D@+E/.A2#[email protected]#:**,E;+:-@G@+<#N,/#-EDP.+:/<#H./N,/F:;*.h####ISSUE 4: WON the court can interfere with the conduct of a coordinate political department in the performance of its duties. RATIO 4: The Court shall have the power to interfere with a coordinate department where such department has gone beyond the limits of its authority as provided by the Constitution. R#.:*J#*,,/D@;:+.#-/:;*J#,N#P,M+#@A#AEH/.F.#OJ@G.#:*+@;P#O@+J@;#+J.#G@F@+A#,N#@+A#:E+J,/@+<>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I ###Employers Confederation of the Phils. v National Wages and Productivity Commission #c:+.B## ########0b#$.H+.F-./#!33!#?.+@+@,;./B####5FHG,<./A#%,;N.D./:+@,;#,N#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.A#&.AH,;D.;+B#6:+@,;:G#g:P.A#:;D#?/,DE*+@M@+<#%,FF@AA@,;#:;D## ########&.P@,;:G#I/@H:/+@+.#g:P.A#:;D#?/,DE*+@M@+<#7,:/DR6%&2## ########I/:D.#n;@,;#%,;P/.AA#,N#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.A#?,;.;+.B######$:/F@.;+,2#=>#6:+E/.B########?5I[I[)6#N,/#/[email protected]#N/,F#+J.#D.*@A@,;#,N#6g?%#C:*+AB# ## 5%)?#@A#YE.A+@,;@;P#+J.#M:G@D@+<#:;D#@A#H/:<@;P#N,/#+J.#;EGG@N@*:+@,;#,N#g:P.#)/D./#6,>#6%&Rf!R'#H/,FEGP:+.D#HE/AE:;+#+,#&'#"101#Kg:P.#&:+@,;:G@V:+@,;#'*+L#AH.*@N@*:GG<#H/,M@D@;P#N,/#+J.#?!1R@;*/.:A.#,N#O:P.A#N/,F#+J.#A+:+E+,/<#F@;@FEF#EH#+,#+J.#?!0(RO:P.#/:+.>##5%)?#:GG.P.A#-,:/DpA#.a*.AA#:E+J,/@+<#OJ.;#@+#.A+:[email protected]#:#H/@*.#*.@G@;P#@;#.NN.*+#H/..FH+@;P#*,GG.*+@M.#-:/P:@;@;P#:P/..F.;+A>##[+#*,//.*+G<#H,@;+A#,E+#+J:+#O:P.RN@a@;P#@A#:#G.P@AG:+@M.#NE;*+@,;#:;D#@+#H/:<A#N,/#/.@;A+:+.F.;+#,N#g:P.#)/D./#6,>#6%&Rf!#K?!1R@;*/.:A.#@;#F@;@FEF#O:P.2#6%&L>##$,G@*@+,/#9.;./:G#:/PE.A#+J:+#+J.#A:G:/<R*.G@;@;P#F.+J,D#EA.D#-<#+J.#-,:/D#@A#:@F.D#:+#*,//.*+@;P#O:P.#D@A+,/+@,;A#+J:+#*:EA.#G:-,/#D@AHE+.A>#[AAE.B##!>#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#-,:/D#.a*..D.D#:E+J,/@+<#@;#.A+:-G@AJ@;P#H/@*.#*.@G@;P## #0>#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#A:G:/<R*:H#F.+J,D#A./M.A#HE/H,A.A#,N#&'#6,>#"101#Z.GDB###!>#6:<###########0>#U.:#K,;#AH.*EG:+@,;L#&:+@,B##!>#gJ@G.#O:P.RN@a@;P#@A#@;D..D#:#G.P@AG:+@M.#NE;*+@,;2#G.P@AG:+@M.#F:<#jD.G.P:+.#+J.#H,O./#+,#N@a#/:+.A#H/,[email protected]#+J:+2#:A#@;#:GG#D.G.P:+@,;A#*:A.A2#%,;P/.AA#G.:M.A#AENN@*@.;+#A+:;D:/DA2j#./P,#+J.#.a@A+.;*.#,N##'/+>#!0b2#&'#6,>#"1012#Standards/Criteria for Minimum Wage Fixing>##5A+:-G@AJ@;P#H/@*.R*.@G@;P#@A#O@+J@;#-,E;DA#,N#-,:/D#:E+J,/@+<#D.A@P;:+.D#-<#%,;P/.AA>##[+#@A#;,+#+J.#@;+.;+#,N#+J.#%,;P/.AA#+,#:-D@*:+.#+J@A#DE+<#,N#O:P.RN@a@;P2#-E+#:A#%/EV2#=>#,-A./M.D2#j>>>;:+@,;:G#G.P@AG:+E/.#J:A#N,E;D#@+#F,/.#;.*.AA:/<#+,#.;+/EA+#+,#:DF@;@A+/:+@M.#:P.;*@.A#+J.#H,O./#,N#AE-,/D@;:+.#G.P@AG:+@,;2j#+J:+#@A2#leaving the matter to the expertise of experts.#### 0>#?,G@*<#@A#/.:A,;:-G.>##g@GG#-.#+:`.;#EH#@;#+J.#NE+E/.#@N#D..F.D#H./*.H+@-G<#E;N:@/#+,#F:;:P.F.;+>#=EDPF.;+B##?.+@+@,;#D.;@.D> ######################Bengson III v House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal #c:+.B## ########f1#S:<#0ff!#?.+@+@,;./B####';+,;@,#7.;PA,;#[[#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I &.AH,;D.;+B#Z,EA.#,N#&.H/.A.;+:[email protected]#5G.*+,/:G#I/@-E;:G2## ########I.,D,/,#%>#%/EV#?,;.;+.B######s:HE;:;2#=>#6:+E/.B########$?5%['Q#%[d[Q#'%I[)6#@;#+J.#$%>##%./+@,/:/@>#C:*+AB##I.,D,/,#%>#%/EV## R-,/;#01#'H/@G#!3"f#@;#$:;#%G.F.;+.2#I:/G:*2#+,#C@G@H@;,#H:/.;+AW#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;#E;D./#$.*+@,;#!K0L#'/+@*G.#[d#,N#+J.#!341#%,;A+@+E+@,;B## jIJ.#N,GG,O@;P#:/.#*@+@V.;A#,N#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.AB#K0L#IJ,A.#OJ,A.#N:+J./A#,/#F,+J./A#:/.#*@+@V.;A#,N#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.AW#mmmj## R.;G@A+.D#@;#+J.#n$#S:/@;.#%,/HA#,;#(#6,M.F-./#!34(2#+:`@;P#,:+J#,N#:GG.P@:;*.#+,#+J.#n$#O@+J,E+#&?pA#*,;A.;+W#G,A+#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;AJ@H#E;D./#%,FF,;O.:G+J#'*+#6,>#"T2#$.*+@,;#!KbLB## jZ,O#*@+@V.;AJ@H#F:<#-.#G,A+>RR'#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;#F:<#G,A.#J@A#*@+@V.;AJ@H#@;#:;<#,N#+J.#N,GG,O@;P#O:<A#:;D8,/#.M.;+AB#KbL#7<#/.;D./@;P#A./M@*.A#+,2#,/#:**.H+@;P#*,FF@AA@,;#@;2#+J.#:/F.D#N,/*.A#,N#:#N,/.@P;#*,E;+/<#mmmj## RA./M.D#E;+@G#)*+,-./#!33TW#;:+E/:[email protected]#:A#:A#'F./@*:;#*@+@V.;#,;#(#=E;.#!33f## R/.+E/;.D#+,#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.A#EH,;#D@A*J:/P.#N/,F#n$S%W#/.:*YE@/.D#J@A#*@+@V.;AJ@H#+J/,EPJ#&'#6,>#0"TfRR+,,`#:;D#/.P@A+./.D#+:`@;P#,:+J#,N#:GG.P@:;*.#+,#&?#O@+J#+J.#Q,*:G#%@M@G#&.P@A+/<#:;D#.a.*E+.D#'NN@D:M@+#,N#&.:*YE@A@+@,;#,N#?J@G@HH@;.#%@+@V.;AJ@H## [email protected]#F:<,/:G#*./+@N@*:+.#,N#*:;D@D:*<#N,/#!33(#G,*:G#.G.*+@,;A2#D.*G:/@;P#[email protected]#:#naturalized C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;W#O,;#:;D#A./M.D#,;.#+./F## [email protected]#*,;P/.AA@,;:G#*./+@N@*:+.#,N#*:;D@D:*<#N,/#!334#.G.*+@,;A2#D.*G:/@;P#[email protected]#:#natural-born#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;W#O,;#,M./#H.+@+@,;./#-<#0"2#"1!#M,+.A## RF:D.#/.AH,;D.;+#+,#*:A.#N,/#iE,#g://:;+,#[email protected]#-<#H.+@+@,;./#O@+J#+J.#Z&5IW#*@+@V.;AJ@H#:AA:@G.D## RO,;#*:A.#,;#0#S:/*J#0fffW#Z&5I#D@[email protected]#H.+@+@,;2#D.*G:/.D#/.AH,;D.;+#.G.*+.D#/.H/.A.;+:[email protected]#D.;@.D#F,+@,;#N,/#/.*,;A@D./:+@,;#N@G.#-<#H.+@+@,;./## R;,O#/.AH,;D.;+#@;#+J.#$%2#H.+@+@,;./#:GG.P@;P#Z&5I#*,FF@++.D#A./@,EA#.//,/A#:;D#P/:M.#:-EA.#,N#D@A*/.+@,;2#:F,E;+@;P#+,#.a*.AA#,N#^E/@AD@*+@,;#[AAE.B##!>#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#/.AH,;D.;+#*:;#A+@GG#-.#*,;A@D./.D#:#;:+E/:GR-,/;#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;#EH,;#/.:*YE@A@+@,;#,N#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;AJ@H## #0>#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#Z&5I#*,FF@++.D#P/:M.#:-EA.#,N#D@A*/.+@,;#:F,E;+@;P#+,#.a*.AA#,N#^E/@AD@*+@,;#@;#/.;D./@;P#:#D.*@A@,;#N:M,/:-G.#+,#/.AH,;D.;+#Z.GDB###!>#U.:###########0>#6:<#&:+@,B##!>#Repatriation results in the recovery of the original nationality.##$@;*.#/.AH,;D.;+#O:A#,/@P@;:GG<#:#;:+E/:GR-,/;#C@G@H@;,2#EH,;#/.H:+/@:+@,;2#J.#@A#/.A+,/.D#+,#-.@;P#:#;:+E/:GR-,/;#C@G@H@;,>##S,/.,M./2#+J./.#:/.#,;G<#+O,#`@;DA#,N#*@+@V.;A>#A citizen who is not a naturalized Filipino, i.e., did not have to undergo the process of naturalization to obtain Philippine citizenship, necessarily is a natural-born Filipino.## 0>#Z&5I#D@D#;,+#*,FF@+#P/:M.#:-EA.#,N#D@A*/.+@,;#:F,E;+@;P#+,#.a*.AA#^E/@AD@*+@,;#@;#@;@+@:GG<#D.*@D@;P#+J.#*:A.#A@;*.#@+#@A#*,;A+@+E+@,;:GG<#F:;D:+.D#:;D#:E+J,/@V.D#+,#-.#+J.#sole judge ,N#:GG#.G.*+@,;#*,;+.A+A2#/.+E/;A2#:;D#qualifications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pA#*J,@*.#+J:;#+,#-.#/@PJ+#+,#*,FHG.a#-E+#G@++G.#E;D./A+,,D#G.P:G@AFA#-.*:EA.#H@-G@*#@;+./.A+#:;D#A,M./.@;#O@GG#AJ,EGD2#:+#:GG#[email protected]#-.#+J.#H:/:F,E;+#*,;A@D./:+@,;A#@;#.G.*+@,;#*,;+/,M./[email protected]>##9G,-:G@V:+@,;#@A#:#+/.;D2#.M.;#@;#H,G@+@*AW#J.;*.#O.#AJ,EGD#O.G*,F.#N,/F./#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;A#OJ,#D.A@/.#+,#A./M.#+J.#C@G@H@;,#H.,HG.>##$:;D,M:GR9E+@.//.V2#D@AA.;+@;PB#&.AH,;D.;+pA#:*+#,N#/.+:`@;P#+J.#,:+J2#N@G@;P#O@+J#+J.#Q,*:G#&.P@A+/<#:;D#.a.*E+@;P#:;#:NN@D:M@+#N,/#+J.#A:F.#HE/H,A.#,N#/.:*YE@/@;P#J@A#;:+E/:GR-,/;#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;AJ@H#*G.:/G<#YE:G@[email protected]#+J:+#/.AH,;D.;+#J:D#+,#H./N,/F#:*+A#+,#/.:*YE@/.#J@A#*@+@V.;AJ@H>##[;#HG:@;#*,;A+/E*+@,;#,N#+J.#O,/DA#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;2#:#*@+@V.;#OJ,#J:A#+,#H.N,/F#:;<#:*+#+,#:*YE@/.#,/#H./N.*+#+J.@/#?J@G@HH@;.#*@+@V.;AJ@H#@A#:#;:+E/:[email protected]#C@G@H@;,>##CE/+J./F,/.2#:GA,#-<#+J.#A:F.#HG:@;#*,;A+/E*+@,;2#+J.#O,/DA#from birth#@[email protected]#+J:+#+J.#*@+@V.;AJ@H#FEA+#-.#*,;+@;E,EA#:;D#O@+J,E+#:;<#@;+.//EH+@,;>#iE,+@;P#=EA+@*.A#d@+EP#:;D#S.G,2#OJ,#O./.#F.F-./A#,N#+J.#Z&5I2#j$+/@;P.;+#/.YE@/.F.;+#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#@A#A,#HG:*.D#:A#+,#@;AE/.#+J:+#,;G<#C@G@H@;,#*@+@V.;A#O@+J#:;#:-A,GE+.#:;D#H./F:;.;+#D.P/..#,N#:GG.P@:;*.#:;D#G,<:G+<#AJ:GG#-.#.G@P@-G.#N,/#F.F-./AJ@H#@;#%,;P/.AA2#+J.#-/:;*J#,N#+J.#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I P,M./;F.;+#D@/.*+G<#@;M,GM.D#:;D#P@M.;#+J.#D.G@*:+.#+:A`#,N#G.P@AG:+@,;>j##=EDPF.;+B##?.+@+@,;#D.;@.D>########################################John Hay Peoples Alternative Coalition v Lim #c:+.B## ########0b#)*+,-./#0ffT#?.+@+@,;./B####=,J;#Z:<#?.,HG.A#'G+./;:+@M.#%,:G@+@,;2#.+#:G>#&.AH,;D.;+B#d@*+,/#Q@F#K?/.A@D.;+2#7:A.A#%,;M./A@,;#c.Mp+#'E+J,/@+<L2#.+#:G>#?,;.;+.B######%:/H@,RS,/:G.A2#=>#6:+E/.B########$?5%['Q#%[d[Q#'%I[)6#@;#+J.#$%>##?/,J@-@+@,;2#S:;D:FEA#:;D#c.*G:/:+,/<#&[email protected]>#C:*+AB# ## &'#6,>#10012#,+J./O@A.#`;,O;#:A#+J.#7:A.A#%,;M./A@,;#:;D#c.M.G,HF.;+#'*+#,N#!330#:**.G./:+.D#+J.#*,;M./A@,;#,N#%G:/`#:;D#$E-@*#F@G@+:/<#/.A./M:+@,;A2#:;D#+J.#=,J;#Z:<#.a+.;A@,;#*:FH#@;+,#F,/.#H/,DE*+@M.#EA.A#:;D#*/.:+.D#+J.#7:A.A#%,;M./A@,;#c.M.G,HF.;+#'E+J,/@+<>##IJ.#A:F.#:*+#:GA,#*/.:+.D#+J.#$E-@*#$H.*@:G#5*,;,F@*#X,;.#K$E-@*#$5XL#:;D#.a.FH+.D#@+#N/,F#G,*:G#:;D#;:+@,;:G#+:a.A#:;D#P/:;+.D#@+#,+J./#AE*J#@;*.;[email protected]>##)+J./#$5XA#@;#%G:/`2#g:GG:*.#'@/#$+:+@,;2#:;D#%:FH#=,J;#Z:<#:/.#+,#-.#*/.:+.D#:;D#D.*G:/.D#+J/,EPJ#?/.A@D.;+@:G#?/,*G:F:+@,;A>##?E/AE:;+#+,#+J.#A:@D#:*+2#?/,*G:F:+@,;#6,>#b0f#$./@.A#,N#!33b#K=EG<L#*/.:+.A#:;D#D.A@P;:+.A#044>!#J.*+:/.A#,N#%:FH#=,J;#Z:<#:A#$5X>##7%c'#.;+./A#@;+,#:#S.F,/:;DEF#,N#'P/..F.;+#:;D#5A*/,O#'P/..F.;+2#:;D#AE-A.YE.;+G<#:#=,@;+#d.;+E/.#'P/..F.;+#O@+J#N,/.@P;#*,FH:;@.A#IE;+.a#:;D#'A@:O,/GD#N,/#+J.#A.++@;P#EH#,N#*,FH:;<#7:PE@,#[;+./;:+@,;:G#c.M.G,HF.;+#:;D#S:;:P.F.;+#*,/H,/:+@,;#OJ@*J#O,EGD#G.:A.#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I # T>#n;;.**.AA:/<#+,#*,;A@D./#&:+@,B##!>#[;#Tan v Barrios2#+J.#%,E/+#/EG.D#+J:+B#Only in particular cases where the convicted person or the State shows that there was serious denial of the Constitutional rights of the accused should the nullity of the the sentence be declared and a retrial be ordered XXX It would be a cruel distortion of the Olaguer decision to use it as a authority for reprosecuting civilians regardless of whether, unlike Olaguer, they had been accorded a fair trial and regardless of whether they have already been acquitted and released, or have accepted the sentences imposed on them and commenced serving the same.##Z.;*.2#A@;*.#;.@+J./#+J.#H/@M:+.#/.AH,;D.;+A#;,/#+J.#$+:+.#:GG.P.#:#M@,G:+@,;#,N#%,;A+@+E+@,;:G#/@PJ+A2#/.+/@:G8/.@;M.A+@P:+@,;#*:;;,+#-.#/.,/D./.D>## 0>#[;#Cruz v Enrile2#+J.#%,E/+#J.GD#+J:+#+J./.@;#H.+@+@,;./A#J:M.B#the option either to complete the service of their sentence, or be tried anew by the civil courts.#9:;V,;#J:A#:HH:/.;+G<#:**.H+.D#+J.#,H+@,;#+,#*,FHG.+.#A./M@*.#,N#J@A#A.;+.;*.>##$@a#<.:/A#,N#A./M@*.#@;#+J.#F@G@+:/<#A+,*`:D.#-.N,/.#J@A#J,EA.#://.A+#:;D#H:/D,;#AENN@*.#+,#@FHG<#+J:+#J.#O:A#O@GG@;P#+,#A./M.#J@A#A.;+.;*.#NEGG<>##$E-A.YE.;+#/.G.:A.#,/D./.D#-<#+J.;#?/.A>#S:/*,A#E;:M,@D:-G<#*,FFE+.D#9:;V,;pA#G@N.#@FH/@A,;F.;+#+,#A@a#<.:/AW#J.;*.2#9:;V,;#J:A#*,FHG.+.D#A.;+.;*.#:;D#*:;;,+#-.#/.@;M.A+@P:+.D>## T>#IJ.#H:/D,;#:GG.P.D#+,#-.#AE-A.YE.;+G<#:O:/D.D#+,#9:;V,;#@A#A,F.OJ:+#@//.G.M:;+#EH,;#:**.H+:;*.#+J:+#J@A#A.;+.;*.#J:A#-..;#*,FFE+.D#,/#*,;A@D./:-G<#/.DE*.D#-<#?/.A>#S:/*,A>##IJ.#jH:/D,;@;P#H,O./j#,N#+J.#5a.*E+@M.#+J:+#@;*GED.A#P/:;+A#,N#/.H/@.M.A2#*,FFE+:+@,;A#:;D#H:/D,;A2#:;D#/.F@+A#N@;.A#:;D#N,/N.@+E/.A#@;#'/+>#d[[2#$.*>#!3#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#/.;D./A#+J.#*,FFE+:+@,;#,N#9:;V,;pA#A.;+.;*.#N@;:G#:;D#E;:HH.:G:-G.#:;D#F:`.A#+J.#:-A,GE+.#H:/D,;#:GG.P.D#E;.**.AA:/<#+,#*,;A@D./>#=EDPF.;+B##?.+@+@,;#D.;@.D>##c.*@A@,;#:NN@/F.D>########LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND AUTONOMY##Tan v COMELEC #c:+.B## ########!f#)*+,-./#0ffT#?.+@+@,;./B####UEA,H#=@`@/@2#'-D.G#';;@2#'-/:J:F#c:ED2#QE`F:;#)F:/2#);;@J#'JF:D2### ########7:A:/,;#7E/:J:;2#c.;#&:AJ./#$:G@F2#I:G@-#Z:<ED@;@2#&@V:G#I@;P`:J:;2#:;D#7:/G@.#6:JED:;##&.AH,;D.;+B#'-DEA:`E/#S>#I:;2#'-DEGO:J@D#$:J@DEGG:2#:;D#'-/:J:F#7E/:J:;## ########%,FF@AA@,;#,;#5G.*+@,;A#?,;.;+.B######%:GG.^,2#$/>2#=>#6:+E/.B########!>#?5I[I[)6#N,/#*./+@,/:/@2#H/,J@-@+@,;#:;D#F:;D:FEA>##[;^E;*+@,;#:;D8,/#I&)#:;D8,/#A+:+EA#YE,#:;+.#
D@A*/.+@,;#:F,E;+@;P#+,#.a*.AA#,/#G:*`#,N#^E/@AD@*+@,;>##gJ@G.#+J.#%)S5Q5%#*:;#,/D./#:#+.*J;@*:G#.a:F@;:+@,;2#@+#F:<#,;G<#-.#D,;.#@;#@;A+:;*.A#OJ./.#:#N:@GE/.#,N#.G.*+@,;#J:A#-..;#DEG<#:GG.P.D>##?.+@+@,;A#A..`@;P#+J.#D.*G:/:+@,;#,N#N:@GE/.#,N#.G.*+@,;A#FEA+#-.#M./@[email protected]#-<#F:`@;P#AE/.#+J.#N,GG,O@;P#*,;D@+@,;A#.a@A+B#(1) no voting took place in the precinct or precincts on the date fixed by law, or even if there was voting, the election resulted in a failure to elect; and (2) the votes not cast would have affected the result of the election. (Note that the cause of such failure of election could only be any of the following: force majeure, violence, terrorism, fraud or other analogous causes.)##[;#+J.#YE.A+@,;.D#FE;@*@H:G@[email protected]#M,+@;P#+,,`#HG:*.2#J.;*.2#+J.#H.+@+@,;#N,/#D.*G:/:+@,;#,N#N:@GE/.#,N#.G.*+@,;#@A#O@+J,E+#F./@+>##gJ:+#J./.@;#/.AH,;D.;+A#/.:GG<#A,EPJ+#O:A#+J.#AEAH.;A@,;8:;;EGF.;+#,N#+J.#J./.@;#H.+@+@,;./Ap#H/,*G:F:+@,;A>##IJ.#G,;P#A+:;D@;P#/EG.#@A#+J:+#the caption of the petitions are not determinative of the nature thereof.#IJ.#%,E/+#:P/..A#O@+J#J./.@;#H.+@+@,;./A#+J:+#J./.@;#H/@M:+.#/.AH,;D.;+A#AJ,EGD#J:M.#[email protected]#.G.*+@,;#H/,+.A+A#:;D#;,+#+J.#:N,/.F.;+@,;.D#H.+@+@,;A#-.*:EA.#OJ:+#+J.<#:/.#/.:GG<#YE.A+@,;@;P#@A#+J.#M:G@D@+<#:;D#G.P@+@F:*<#,N#+J.#:*+E:G#.G.*+@,;A#+J:+#+/:;AH@/.D>##S,/.,M./2#J./.@;#H.+@+@,;./A#.;^,<#+J.#H/.AEFH+@,;#,N#/.PEG:/@+<#:;D#M:G@D@+<#+J:+#*:;#,;G<#-.#D.A+/,<.D#@N#J./.@;#/.AH,;D.;+A#*:;#AE-A+:;+@:GG<#AJ,O#+J:+#M@*+,/<#O:A#H/,*E/.D#+J/,EPJ#.a+/:RG.P:G#F.:;A>#
# 0>#The COMELEC can suspend the proclamation pending the resolution of the petition to declare a failure of election, the same order, however, is provisional in nature and can be lifted when evidence so warrants.##g@+J#/.AH.*+#+,#+J.#=E;.#04#)/D./2#+J.#%)S5Q5%#D@D#;,+#*,FF@+#P/:M.#:-EA.#,N#D@A*/.+@,;#:F,E;+@;P#+,#.a*.AA#,/#G:*`#,N#^E/@AD@*+@,;>##cE/@;P#+J.#J.:/@;P#H/.*.D@;P#+J.#@AAE:;*.#,N#+J.#A:@D#,/D./2#:#F,+@,;#:;D#H/:<./#+,#/.*:GG#O:A#/:@A.D>##IJ.#@AAE:;*.#,N#+J.#,/D./#/.*:GG@;P#+J.#H/.M@,EA#,/D./#,N#H/,*G:F:+@,;#AEAH.;A@,;#D,.A#;,+#/.;D./#+J.#%)S5Q5%#PE@G+<#,N#P/:M.#:-EA.#,N#D@A*/.+@,;#A@;*.#@+#:*+.D#,;#M:G@D#P/,E;DA>#=EDPF.;+B#?.+@+@,;#!#D@[email protected]>##=E;.#04#,/D./#:NN@/F.D>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I Freedom from Debt Coalition vs. ERC and MERALCO June 15, 2004 GR No. 161113 Tinga, J. Facts: S5&'Q%)# [email protected]#O@+J#5&%#:;#'HHG@*:+@,;# N,/# :;# @;*/.:A.# @;# /:+.A># [+# H/:<.D# .a# H:/+.# N,/# +J.# P/:;+# ,N# :# H/,M@A@,;:G#:E+J,/@+<# +,# @FHG.F.;+# +J.# @;*/.:A.# :**,/D@;P# +,# +J.# A*J.DEG.# H/,H,A.D># IJ.# 6:+@,;:G# 'AA,*@:+@,;# ,N# 5G.*+/@*@+<#%,;AEF./# N,/# &.N,/FA# K6'$5%)&5L# @;N,/F.D# 5&%# %J:@/F:;# @+A# @;+.;+@,;# +,# N@G.# :;# )HH,A@+@,;# +,# S./:G*,\A#:HHG@*:+@,;>#9.;:/,#QE:GJ:+@#:;D#C/..D,F#N/,F#c.-+#%,:G@+@,;#KCc%L#G@`.O@A.#.aH/.AA.D#+J.@/#@;+.;+@,;#+,#,HH,A.#+J.#:HHG@a:+@,;>#5&%#D@/.*+.D#6'$5%)&52#QE:GJ:+@#:;D#Cc%#+,#N@G.# +J.@/#/.AH.*+@M.#*,FF.;+A#,;#+J.#'HHG@*:+@,;#O@+J@;#!(#D:<A>#6'$5%)&5#:;D#Cc%#[email protected]#:#S,+@,;#N,/#?/,DE*+@,;#,N#c,*EF.;+A#OJ@G.#QE:GJ:+@# [email protected]#J@A#)HH,A@+@,;>#5&%#O:A#,/D./.D#-<#S5&'Q%)#+,#H/,DE*.#+J.#D,*EF.;+A#@;#*,;;.*+@,;#O@+J#+J.#.M:GE:+@,;#,N#@+A#'HHG@*:+@,;>##Z,O.M./2#,;#6,M>#012#0ffT2#5&%#@AAE.D#:;#)/D./#H/,M@A@,;:GG<#:HH/,M@;P#S5&'Q%)\A#.a#H:/+.#:HHG@*:+@,;# N,/#/:+.#@;*/.:A.A2# O@+J,E+# N@/A+# /.A,GM@;P# +J.# S,+@,;A# N,/# ?/,DE*+@,;# ,N# c,*EF.;+A# ,N# 6'$5%)&5# :;D# Cc%# :;D# O@+J,E+#*,;A@D./@;P# QE:GJ:+@\A# )HH,A@+@,;># 'N+./O:/DA2# F,+@,;A# :;D# ,HH,A@+@,;A# O./.# [email protected]# -<# D@NN./.;+# P/,EHA# :;D#,/P:;@V:+@,;A# YE.A+@,;@;P# +J.# 6,M># 01# )/D./># S5&'Q%)# /.NEA.D# +,# H/,DE*.# +J.# D,*EF.;+A# /.YE.A+.D# -<# +J.#,HH,A@+@,/A#,;#+J.#P/,E;D#+J:+#+J.#D,*EF.;+A#:/.#@FF:+./@:G#:;D#@//.G.M:;+#+,#@+A#:HHG@*:+@,;>#);#+J.#A*J.DEG.D#D:+.#,N#J.:/@;P2#5&%#D@D#;,+#/.M,`.#+J.#H/,M@A@,;:G#:E+J,/@+<#P/:;+.D#+,#S5&'Q%)#H./#6,M>#01#)/D./>#Cc%#D@D#;,+#N@G.#:;<#F,+@,;#-E+#@;A+.:D#+J@A#H.+@+@,;>##Issues: 1. WON the ERC has legal authority to grant provisional rate adjustments under RA 3196 (Electricity Power
Industry Reform Act of 2001, “EPIRA”)? (YES) [+# @A# :/PE.D# -<# +J.# H.+@+@,;./A# +J:+# 5&%# J:A# ;,# H,O./# +,# @AAE.# H/,M@A@,;:G# ,/D./A# -.*:EA.# 5?[&'# /.H.:G.D#%,FF,;O.:G+J#'*+#6,>#!b"#K?E-G@*#$./M@*.#'*+L#:;D#5)#6,>#!10#K*/.:+@;P#5&7L>#S,/.,M./2#@+# @A#*,;+.;D.D#+J:+#+J.#+/:;AN./#,N#H,O./#@;#$.*>#bb#,N#5?[&'#N/,F#5&7#+,#5&%#D,.A#;,+#@;*GED.#+J.#H,O./#+,#@AAE.#H/,M@A@,;:G#,/D./A>#);#+J.#,+J./# J:;D2# /.AH,;D.;+A# @;A@A+# +J:+# $.*># 4f# ,N# +J.#5?[&'# .aH/.AAG<#F.;+@,;A# +J:+# +J.# :HHG@*:-G.# H/,M@A@,;A# ,N# +J.#?E-G@*#$./M@*.#'*+#:;D#5)#6,>#!10#+J:+#:/.#;,+#@;*,;A@A+.;+#AJ:GG#*,;+@;E.#+,#-.#@;#N,/*.#:;D#.NN.*+>##IJ.# %,E/+# [email protected]# O@+J# +J.# /.AH,;D.;+A># $.*># bb# :;D# $.*># 4f# ,N# 5?[&'# H/,[email protected]# +J.# :E+J,/@+<# +,# 5&%# +,# :HH/,M.#H/,M@A@,;:G# :D^EA+F.;+A># What is clear from Sec. 80 and 44 is that the legislators saw the superfluity or needlessness of carrying over in the EPIRA the same provision found in the previous laws. The power to approve provisional rate increases is included among the powers transferred to the ERC by virtue of Sec. 44 since the grant of that authority is not inconsistent with the EPIRA; rather it is in full harmoony with the thrust of the law. [+#@A#:GA,#HG:@;#+,#A..#+J:+#+J.#G:O#J:A#.aH:;D.D#+J.#^E/@AD@*+@,;#,N#5&%#+,#.;:-G.#@+#+,#@FHG.F.;+#+J.#/.N,/FA#A,EPJ+#+,#-.# :**,[email protected]# -<# +J.# 5?[&'> ERC therefore possesses the power to grant provisional rate adjustments subject to the procedure laid down in these laws as well as in its Implelenting Rules and Regulations.##2. Assuming ERC has authority to grant provisional orders, WON the grant by the ERC of the provisional rate
adjustment in question was committed with grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction? (YES)
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I N/,F#+J.#HE-G@*:+@,;#,N#+J.#:HHG@*:+@,;#,/#/.*.@H+#,N#@+A#*,H<2#:;#:NN.*+.D#*,;AEF./#,/#Q9n#[email protected]#O@+J#5&%#:#*,FF.;+2#5&%#@A#F:;D:+.D#+,#*,;A@D./#+J.#*,FF.;+#@;#@+A#:*+@,;#,;#+J.#H/:<./#N,/#H/,M@A@,;:G#/:+.#:D^EA+F.;+>##7E+#5&%#N:@G.D# +,#*,FHG<#O@+J# +J.#/EG.>#The provisional order cannot be issued under the circumstance based exclusively on the application and supporting documents. ERC must consider the comments of the consumers and the LGUs concerned on the application which were filed within 30 days from the receipt of a copy of the application. 'GA,2#S5&'Q%)#N:@G.D# +,#*,FHG<#O@+J# +J.#HE-G@*:+@,;# /.YE@/.F.;+#H/.A*/@-.D#-<# +J.# [&&>#gJ:+# +J.# [&&#/.YE@/.A# +,#-.#[email protected]# @A# +J.#:HHG@*:+@,;# @+A.GN>#gJ:+#O:A#:*+E:GG<#[email protected]# @A#:#F./.#;,+@*.#,N# +J.#@;+.;+#+,#N@G.#:;#:HHG@*:+@,;>##IJ.#M@,G:+.D#H/,M@A@,;2#OJ@*J#@A#$.*>#bK.L#&EG.#T#,N#+J.#[&&#AH.*@[email protected]#J,O#+J.#5&%#AJ,EGD#.a./*@A.#@+A#H,O./#+,#@AAE.#H/,M@A@,;:G#,/D./A#HE/AE:;+#+,#$.*>#bb#@;#/.G:+@,;#+,#$.*>#4f#,N#+J.#5?[&'>#$@;*.#+J.#[&&#O:A#@AAE.D#HE/AE:;+#+,#+J.#5?[&'2#$.*>#bK.L#,N#&EG.#T#:A#H:/+#,N#+J.#[&&#J:A#+J.#N,/*.#:;D#.NN.*+#,N#G:O#:;D#+JEA#AJ,EGD#-.#*,[email protected]#O@+J>##Petition is Granted. Nov. 27 Order is declared void. ERC is directed to comply with Sec. 4(e), Rule 3 of the IRR of RA 9136. ##################################
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I Garcia v. Executive Secretary Date:#c.*.F-./#02#!33!#PetitionerB#%,;P/.AAF:;#5;/@YE.#I>#9:/*@:#Respondents:#IJ.#5a.*E+@M.#$.*/.+:/<2#IJ.#6:+@,;:G#5*,;,F@*#:;D#c.M.G,HF.;+#'E+J,/@+<2#IJ.#7,:/D#,N#[;M.A+F.;+A2#IJ.#$.*E/@[email protected]#:;D#5a*J:;P.#%,FF@AA@,;2#:;D#IJ.#7E/.:E#,N#I/:D.#:;D#&.PEG:+@,;#:;D#%,;AEF./#?/,+.*+@,;#Intervenors:#$.;:+,/#d@*.;+.#I>#?:+./;,2#?J@G@HH@;.#'AA,*@:+@,;#,N#7:++./<#S:;EN:*+E/./A##?,;.;+.B#%/EV2#=>##6:+E/.B#?.+@+@,;#*J:GG.;P@;P#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G@+<#,N#&'#1fb0#KC,/.@P;#[;M.A+F.;+#'*+L## FACTSB#I. The petitioner challenges RA 7042#,;#+J.#P/,E;D#+J:+#@+#D.N.:+A#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#H,G@*<#,N#D.M.G,H@;P#:#A.GNR/.G@:;+#:;D#@;D.H.;D.;+#;:+@,;:G#.*,;,F<#.NN.*[email protected]<#*,;+/,GG.D#-<#C@G@H@;,A#:;D#+J.#H/,+.*+@,;#,N#C@G@H@;,#.;+./H/@A.A#:P:@;A+#E;N:@/#N,/.@P;#*,FH.+@+@,;#:;D#+/:D.#H/:*+@*.A>#K'/+@*G.#[[2#$.*+@,;#!3L##?/,M@A@,;A#,N#+J.#'*+#+J:+#+J:+#+J.#H.+@+@,;./#YE.A+@,;AB##
$.*+@,;#(R#C,/.@P;#@;M.A+,/#F:<#D,#-EA@;.AA#@;#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.A#,/#@;M.A+#@;#:#D,F.A+@*#.;+./H/@A.#EH#+,#!fft#,N#@+A#*:H@+:G#without need of prior approval##$.*+@,;#1R#];,;R?J@G@HH@;.#;:+@,;:GA#F:<#,O;#EH#+,#,;.#JE;D/.D#H./*.;+#K!fftL#,N#D,F.A+@*#F:/`.+#.;+./H/@A.A#E;G.AA#N,/.@P;#,O;./AJ@H#+J./.@;#@A#H/,J@-@+.D#,/#G@F@+.D#-<#.a@A+@;P#G:O#,/#+J.#C,/.@P;#[;M.A+F.;+#6.P:+@M.#Q@A+#E;D./#$.*+@,;#4#J./.,N>j##$.*+@,;#4R#IJ.#$<A+.F#,N#6.P:+@M.#Q@A+# ##'-:;D,;A#+J.#H,A@+@M.#:AH.*+#,N#/.PEG:+@,;#:;D#.a./*@A.#,N#:E+J,/@+<#,M./#N,/.@P;#@;M.A+F.;+A##[;#.NN.*+2#@+#:AAEF.A#+J:+#A,#G,;P#:A#N,/.@P;#@;M.A+F.;+A#:/.#;,+#@;#:/.:A#*,M./.D#-<#+J.#G@A+2#AE*J#@;M.A+F.;+A#:/.#;,+#D.+/@F.;+:G#+,#-E+#:/.#P,,D#N,/#+J.#;:+@,;:G#.*,;,F<>##$.*+@,;#3R#@A#:GA,#:++:*`.D2#-.*:EA.#@N#:#?J@G@HH@;.#;:+@,;:G#[email protected]#+J:+#:;#:/.:#,N#@;M.A+F.;+#AJ,EGD#-.#@;*GED.D#@;#G@A+#%2#+J.#-E/D.;#@A#,;#J@F#+,#AJ,O#+J:+#+J.#*/@+./@:#.;EF./:+.D#@;#A:@D#A.*+@,;#:/.#F.+##I/:;A@+,/<#?/,M@A@,;AR#:GG,O#E;G@F@+.D#.;+/<#,N#N,/.@P;#@;M.A+F.;+A#N,/#+J/..#<.:/A2#AE-^.*+#,;G<#+,#:#AEHH,A.D#I/:;A@+,/<#C,/.@P;#[;M.A+F.;+#6.P:+@M.#Q@A+##
IJ.#?.+@+@,;./#:GA,#*J:GG.;P.A#+J.#A+:+E+.#N,/#D,@;P#:O:<#O@+J#+J.#H/,M@A@,;A#,N#+J.#)F;@-EA#[;M.A+F.;+A#%,D.#,N#!340>##[+#NE/+J./#:-:;D,;A#+J.#/.PEG:+@,;#,N#N,/.@P;#@;M.A+F.;+A#-<#D,@;P#:O:<#O@+J#@FH,/+:;+#/.YE@/.F.;+A#N,/#D,@;P#-EA@;.AA#@;#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.A>##II. Solicitor General $.*+@,;#(>#IJ.#HJ/:A.#jO@+J,E+#;..D#,N#H/@,/#:HH/,M:Gj#:[email protected]#+,#.YE@+<#/.A+/@*+@,;A#:G,;.##$.*+@,;#1#,N#&'#1fb0#:GG,OA#;,;R?J@G@HH@;.#;:+@,;:GA#+,#,O;#EH#+,#!fft#,N#D,F.A+@*#F:/`.+#.;+./H/@A.A#,;G<#@;#:/.:A#,N#@;M.A+F.;+A#,E+A@D.#+J.#H/,J@-@+@,;A#:;D#G@F@+:+@,;A#@FH,A.D#-<#G:O#+,#H/,+.*+#C@G@H@;,#,O;./AJ@H#:;D#@;+./.A+>##IJ.#C,/.@P;#[;M.A+F.;+#6.P:+@M.#Q@A+#E;D./#$.*+@,;#4#/.A./M.A#+,#C@G@H@;,A#A.;A@+@M.#:/.:A#,N#@;M.A+F.;+A>#Q@A+#%#H/,J@-@+A#N,/.@P;#@;M.A+,/A#N/,F#.;P:P@;P#@;#:/.:A#,N#:*+@M@[email protected]#OJ./.#.a@A+@;P#.;+./H/@A.A#:G/.:D<#A./M.#:D.YE:+.G<#+J.#;..DA#,N#+J.#.*,;,F<#:;D#+J.#*,;AEF./>#IJ.#'*+#,H.;A#+J.#D,,/#+,#N,/.@P;#@;M.A+F.;+A#,;G<#:N+./#A.*E/@;P#+,#C@G@H@;,A#+J.@/#/@PJ+A#:;D#@;+./.A+A#,M./#+J.#;:+@,;:G#.*,;,F<>#
##HELD: ?.+@+@,;#@A#D@[email protected]#O@+J#+J.#.a*.H+@,;#+J:+#/.AH,;D.;+#X:F,/:#@A#,/D./.D#+,#NE/;@AJ#H.+@+@,;./#O@+J# @;N,/F:+@,;#/.YE.A+.D>######Gonzales vs. Marcos July 31, 1975 Fernando, J. Petition for review by certiorari of an order of dismissal of the CFI of Manila Facts: # Asserts the validity of the creation of EO No. 30 by President Marcos (encroachment into legislative prerogative):#5)#6,>#Tf# #+/EA+#N,/#+J.#-.;.N@+#,N#+J.#C@G@H@;,#H.,HG.#E;D./#+J.#;:F.#:;D#A+<G.#,N#%%?#.;+/EA+.D#O@+J#+J.#+:A`#+,#*,;A+/E*+#:#;:+@,;:G#+J.:+./2#:#;:+@,;:G#FEA@*#J:GG2#:;#:/+A#-E@GD@;P#:;D#N:*@G@[email protected]#+,#:O:`.;#,E/#H.,HG.\A#*,;A*@,EA;.AA#@;#+J.#;:+@,;\A#*EG+E/:G#J./@+:P.#:;D#+,#.;*,E/:P.#@+A#:AA@A+:;*.#@;#@+A#H/.A./M:+@,;#:;D#H/,F,+@,;2#.;J:;*.F.;+#:;D#D.M.G,HF.;+ o# 7,:/D#,N#I/EA+..AB#:**.H+.D#D,;:+@,;#N/,F#H/@M:+.#A.*+,/#:;D#A.*E/.#N/,F#+J.#%J.F@*:G#7:;`#,N#6U#:#G,:;#,N#v(#
6,>#Tf#*.:A.D#+,#.a@A+#:;D#+J.#*:A.R:+R-:/#@A#;,O#F,,+#:;D#:*:D.F@* Issues: 1. WON the petitioners have requisite standing to pursue the case? (NO) # gJ.;#/.YE@A@+.#H.*E;@:/<#,/#F,;.+:/<#@;+./.A+#@A#:-A.;+2#+J.#H.+@+@,;./#*:;;,+#@;A+@+E+.#:#+:aH:<./\A#AE@+#N,/#@+#N:@G.D#+,#A:+@AN<#+J.#.G.F.;+:G#/.YE@A@+.A#,N#+J.#AE@+>#o# 5M.;#,;#+J.#:AAEFH+@,;#+J:+#HE-G@*#NE;DA#/:@A.D#-<#+:a:+@,;#O./.#@;M,GM.D2#@+#D,.A#;,+#;.*.AA:/@G<#N,GG,O#+J:+#
2. WON creation of EO No. 30 was a valid exercise of executive power vested on the President? # gJ.;#+J.#H/.A@D.;+2#+J./.N,/.2#:*+.D#-<#D@AH,A@;P#,N#:#F:++./#,N#P.;./:G#*,;*./;#@;#:**,/D#O@+J#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#@;^E;*+@,;#+,#H/,F,+.#:/+A#:;D#G.++./A#:;D#@AAE.D#5)#6,>#Tf2#J.#A@FHG<#*://@.D#,E+#+J.#HE/H,A.#,N#+J.#+/EA+#@;#.A+:-G@AJ@;P#+J.#%%?#:A#+J.#@;A+/EF.;+:G@+<#+J/,EPJ#OJ@*J#+J@A#:P/..F.;+#-.+O..;#+J.#n$#P,M+#:;D#?J@G#P,M+#O,EGD#-.#/.:[email protected]>#o# IJ.#?/.A@D.;+#:G,;.#*:;;,+#:;D#;..D#;,+#H./A,;:GG<#J:;DG.#+J.#[email protected]#,N#:#+/EA+..#N,/#:;D#@;#-.J:GN#,N#+J.#C@G@H@;,#
3. WON the case is moot and academic because of the promulgation of PD No. 15? (YES) # 5)#6,>#Tf#J:A#-..;#AEH./A.D.D#-<#?c#6,>#!(>#'#*,EH#D.#P/:*.#O:A#:DF@;@A+./.D#+,#+J@A#H/,*..D@;P>##Appeal by certiorari is dismissed.############################
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I ##############################SolGen vs. Metropolitan Manila Authority December 11, 1991 Cruz, J. Petition to review the resolution of MMA Facts: # [;#SS'2#g.A+#I/:NN@*#c@A+/@*+#MA>#9,;,;P2#+J.#%,E/+#J.GD#+J:+#+J.#*,;N@A*:+@,;#,N#D/@M./\A#G@*.;A.#@A#H/,J@-@+.D#E;D./#?c#!"f(#.a*.H+#E;D./#Q)[#bT#OJ.;#+J./.#:/.#A+:GG.D#M.J@*G.A#*:EA@;P#,-A+/E*+@,;#+,#+/:NN@*>#=EDPF.;+#-.*:F.#N@;:G#:;D#.a.*E+,/<>#
Issues: 1. WON there was an actual case or controversy? (NO) # gJ.;#+J./.#:/.#.a*.H+@,;:G#*@/*EFA+:;*.A2#+J.#%,E/+#F:<#A.+#:A@D.#+J.#/.YE@A@+.A#N,/#^ED@*@:G#/[email protected]>#
2. WON there was a valid delegation of legislative power to MMA to promulgate measures? (YES) # gJ.;#+J.#/.YE@A@+.A#,N#D.G.P:+@,;#:/.#H/.A.;+2#;:F.G<#+J.#*,FHG.+.;.AA#,N#+J.#A+:+E+.#F:`@;P#+J.#D.G.P:+@,;#:;D#H/.A.;*.#,N#:#AENN@*@.;+#A+:;D:/D2#+J./.#@A#:#M:G@D#D.G.P:+@,;#,N#G.P@AG:+@M.#H,O./>#o# %,FHG.+.;.AA#,N#+J.#A+:+E.B#OJ.;#+J.#A+:+E+.#/.:*J.A#+J.#D.G.P:+.2#@+#O@GG#,;G<#@FHG.F.;+#@+>#What only can be
delegated is the discretion to determine how the law shall be enforced and NOT to determine what law shall be enforced.#
o# ?/.A.;*.#,N#AENN@*@.;+#A+:;D:/DB#D.+./F@;.#+J.#-,E;D:/@.A#,N#+J.#D.G.P:+.\A#:E+J,/@+<>#3. WON there was a valid exercise of the power delegated to MMA and Municipality of Mandaluyong in promulgating Ordinance No. 11 and Ordinance No. 7 respectively? (NO)## IJ.#:*+A#,N#+J.#G,*:G#P,M./;F.;+#FEA+#/.NG.*+#:;D#*,;N,/F#+,#+J.#O@GG#,N#+J.#;:+@,;:G#G.P@AG:+E/.>#
PD 1605 remains effective. Ordinances No. 11 and 7 are null and void. Respondent are enjoined.
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I JOYA vs. PCGG August 24, 1993 Bellosillo, J. Special Civil Action for prohibition and mandamus to enjoin PCGG to proceed with the auction sale Facts: # );#'EP>#32#!33f2#%:H:/:A2#*J:@/F:;#,N#?%992#O/,+.#+,#?/.A>#'YE@;,#/.YE.A+@;P#N,/#J./#:E+J,/@+<#+,#A@P;#+J.#H/,H,A.D#%,;A@P;F.;+#'P/..F.;+#-.+O..;#?J@G>#:;D#%J/@A+@.\A#*,;*./;@;P#+J.#A*J.DEG.D#A:G.#,;#=:;>#!!2#!33!#,N#40#
Issues: 1. WON the petition complies with the legal requisites for the Court to exercise its power of judicial review? (NO) # IJ.#%,E/+#O@GG#.a./*@A.#@+A#H,O./#,N#^ED@*@:G#/[email protected]#,;G<#@N#+J.#*:A.#@A#-/,EPJ+#-.N,/.#@+#-<#:#H:/+<#OJ,#J:A#+J.#G.P:G#A+:;D@;P#+,#/:@A.#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#,/#G.P:G#YE.A+@,;>#o# Q.P:G#A+:;D@;P#F.:;A#:#H./A,;:G#:;D#AE-A+:;+@:G#@;+./.A+#@;#+J.#*:A.#+J:+#+J.#H:/+<#J:A#AEA+:@;.D#,/#O@GG#AEA+:@;#
2. Whether there is an actual controversy and the case is not moot and academic? (NO) # IJ.#%,E/+#J:A#+J.#D@A*/.+@,;#+,#+:`.#*,P;@V:;*.#,N#:#AE@+#OJ.;#H:/:F,E;+#HE-G@*#@;+./.A+#@A#@;M,GM.D>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I 3. WON the properties subject of the sale are considered cultural properties? (NO) # IJ.#*EG+E/:G#H/,H./[email protected]#:/.#*G:AA@[email protected]#:A#+J.#]@FH,/+:;+#*EG+E/:G#H/,H./[email protected]_#:;D#+J.#];:+@,;:G#*EG+E/:G#+/.:AE/.A_>##
Petition for prohibition and mandamus is dismissed. ########################################Macasiano vs. National Housing Authority July 1, 1993 Davide, Jr., J. Original Petition Facts: # ?.+@+@,;./#H/:<A#+J:+#+J.#%,E/+#D.*G:/.#$.*>#04#:;D#bb#,N#&'#6,>#1013#Kn/-:;#c.M.G,HF.;+#:;D#Z,EA@;P#'*+#,N#!330L#E;*,;A+@+E+@,;:G>#Z.#O:A#:#*,;AEG+:;+#,N#c?gZ#HE/AE:;+#+,#:#%,;+/:*+#/.P:/D@;P#+J.#&.F,M:G#,N#)-A+/E*+@,;A#:;D#
Issues: 1. WON the Court can exercise its power of judicial review? (NO) # gJ.;#+J.#.AA.;+@:G#/.YE@A@+.A#,N#:#^ED@*@:G#/[email protected]#:/.#G:*`@;P2#+J.#%,E/+#O@GG#;,+#D.+./F@;.#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G@+<#,N#:;#:*+#.a*.H+#OJ.;#+J./.#:/.#].a.FH+@;P#*@/*EFA+:;*.A_>#o# IJ.#N@/A+#+O,#/.YE@A@+.A#:/.#:-A.;+>##
'GA,#-.*:EA.#:;#:*+@,;#,N#D.*G:/:+,/<#/[email protected]#D,.A#;,+#N:GG#O@+J@;#+J.#,/@P@;:G#^E/@AD@*+@,;#,N#$%>##Petition is dismissed for lack of merit.#######################Oposa vs. Factoran Jr. July 30, 1993 Davide, Jr., J. Special Civil Action for certiorari of the dismissal order of the RTC of Makati, Br. 66
Issues: 1. WON a class suit was appropriate? (YES) # gJ.;#+J.#H.+@+@,;./A#:/.#;EF./,EA#:;D#/.H/.A.;+:+@M.#.;,EPJ#+,#.;AE/.#+J.#NEGG#H/,+.*+@,;#,N#:GG#*,;*./;.D#@;+./.A+A2#+J.#%,E/+#AJ:GG#D..F#:#*G:AA#AE@+#:A#:HH/,H/@:+.>#o# $E-^.*+#F:++./#@A#,N#*,FF,;#:;D#P.;./:G#@;+./.A+>#o# ?./A,;:G@+<#+,#AE.#@;#-.J:GN#,N#+J.#AE**..D@;P#P.;./:+@,;A#*:;#,;G<#-.#-:A.D#,;#+J.#*,;*.H+#,N#@;+./P.;./:+@,;:G#
2. WON the denial to the “right to a balanced and healthful ecology” and “right to health” invoke a cause of action? (YES) # gJ.;#A.GNR.a.*E+@;P#H/,M@A@,;A#:/.#@;M,`.D2#+J.<#H/,M@D.#:#AH.*@N@*#:;D#,H./:-G.#G.P:G#/@PJ+#OJ./.@;#+J.#D.;@:G#,N#+J.#/@PJ+A#G.:DA#+,#:#*:EA.#,N#:*+@,;>#o# IJ.#/@PJ+A#+,#J.:G+J#:;D#-:G:;*.D#:;D#J.:G+JNEG#.*,G,P<#:/.#;,+J@;P#G.AA#+J:;#A.GNRH/.A./M:+@,;#:;D#A.GNR
-:G:;*.#:;D#H/,+.*+@;P#:;D#.;J:;*@;P#+J.#YE:G@+<#,N#+J.#.;M@/,;F.;+>#3. WON the case involves a political question? (NO) # gJ.;#+J.#@AAE.#D,.A#;,+#@;M,GM.#H,G@*<#N,/FEG:+@,;#,/#D.+./F@;:+@,;#-E+#/:+J./#:;#.;N,/*.F.;+#,N#:#/@PJ+#M@ARwRM@A#N,/FEG:+.D#H,G@*@.A2#+J.#@AAE.#@A#;,+#,N#H,G@+@*:G#;:+E/.#:;D#+J.#%,E/+#F:<#+:`.#*,P;@V:;*.#,N#+J.#*:A.>#o# $.*>#!2#'/+>#4#,N#+J.#!341#%,;A+@+E+@,;B#IJ.#N@/A+#H:/+#/.N./A#+,#+J.#+/:D@+@,;:G#:E+J,/@+<#,N#+J.#=ED@*@:/<#OJ@G.#+J.#
4. WON cancellation of TLAs lead to the impairment of contracts? (NO) # gJ.;#+J.#%,E/+#/.M,`.A#,/#/.A*@;DA#:#IQ'2#+J.#;,;R@FH:@/F.;+#*G:EA.#*:;;,+#-.#@;M,`.D#-.*:EA.#:#IQ'#@A#;,+#:#*,;+/:*+2#H/,H./+<#,/#:#H/,H./+<#/@PJ+#-E+#F./.G<#:#H./F@+#+,#:GG,O#OJ:+#@A#E;G:ONEG>#o# 5M.;#@N#IQ'A#:/.#+,#-.#:AAEF.D#:A#*,;+/:*+A2#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#PE:/:;+..#,N#;,;R@FH:@/F.;+#,N#*,;+/:*+A#@A#
G@F@+.D>#'GA,2#*,;+/:*+A#:/.#+,#-.#G@F@+.D#:;D#/.PEG:+.D#+,#.;AE/.#HE-G@*#A:N.+<>##Petition is granted. The challenged Order is set aside. The petitioner may amend complaint to implead as defendants the holders or grantees of the questioned TLAs.#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I Kilosbayan vs. Guingona, Jr. May 5, 1994 Davide, Jr., J. Special Civil Action Facts: # ?%$)#D.*@D.D#+,#.A+:-G@AJ#:;#,;RG@;.#G,++./<#A<A+.F## 7./^:<:#9/,EH#7./J:D2#$H,/+A#I,+,#S:G:<A@:#KAE-A@D@:/<L2#[;+./;:+@,;:G#I,+:G@V,/#$<A+.FA#[;*>#Kn$L#HGEA#C@G@H@;,#@;M.A+,/A#*/.:+.D#@;#S:/*J#!33T#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.#9:F@;P#S:;:P.F.;+#%,/H,/:+@,;#K?9S%L>#[+#O:A#@;+.;D.D#+,#H/,M@D.#+.*J;@*:G#:;D#F:;:P.F.;+#A./M@*.A#+J:+#O,EGD#-.#,NN./.D#:;D#D.G@M./.D#+,#?%$)>#?%$)#@AAE.D#@;#'EPEA+#!33T#:#&.YE.A+#N,/#?/,H,A:G#K&C?L#N,/#+J.#G.:A.#*,;+/:*+#
*># ?.+@+@,;./A#J:M.#;,#G.P:G#A+:;D@;P#Issues: 1. WON the petitioners have a legal standing? (7-6: yes-no) # ?/,*.DE/:G#+.*J;@*:G@+<#F:<#-.#-/EAJ.D#,/#A.+#:A@D.#-<#+J.#%,E/+#@N#+J.#@AAE.#@A#,N#+/:;A*.;D.;+:G#@FH,/+:;*.#+,#+J.#HE-G@*>#[+#@A#+J.#%,E/+\A#DE+<#+,#A.++G.#H/,FH+G<#:;D#D.N@;@+.G<#+J.A.#*:A.A2#+,#D.+./F@;.#OJ.+J./#+J.#,NN@*@:GA#:*+.D#O@+J,E+#,/#@;#.a*.AA#,N#+J.@/#^E/@AD@*+@,;2#P@M.;#@+A#O@D.#D@A*/.+@,;>#
2. WON the Contract of Lease is valid in light of Sec. 1 of RA 1169 as amended by BP Blg. 42? (7-no) # ?%$)#*:;;,+#AJ:/.#@+A#N/:;*J@A.#O@+J#:;,+J./#-<#O:<#,N#%'=d#,/#:AA@P;2#+/:;AN./#,/#G.:A.#+J.#N/:;*J@A.>#IJ.#N/:;*J@A.#P/:;+.D#+,#?%$)#+,#J,GD#:;D#*,;DE*+#G,++./@.A#:GG,OA#@+#+,#J,GD#:;D#*,;DE*+#:#AH.*@.A#,N#P:F-G@;P>#'#A+:+E+.#*://<@;P#,;#:#P:F-G@;P#:*+@M@+<#,/#-EA@;.AA#AJ,EGD#-.#A+/@*+G<#*,;A+/E.D>
# IJ.#*,;+/:*+#@A#;,+#+,#-.#D.*@D.D#,;#+J.#-:A@A#,N#@+A#+@+G.#,/#D.A@P;:+@,;#-E+#,;#+J.#@;+.;+#,N#+J.#H:/[email protected]>#Animus hominis est anima scripti>#IJ.#@;+.;+@,;#,N#+J.#H:/+<#@A#+J.#A,EG#,N#+J.#@;A+/EF.;+>#IJ.#*,;+.FH,/:;.,EA#:;D#AE-A.YE.;+#:*+A#:;D#+J.#@;+.;+#,N#+J.#H:/[email protected]#FEA+#-.#H/@;*@H:GG<#*,;A@D./.D>#6,#,;.#AJ,EGD#-.#D.*[email protected]#-<#+J.#+@+G.#,/#D.A@P;:+@,;#,N#:#*,;+/:*+># o# %,GG:-,/:+@,;B#:*+A#,N#O,/`@;P#+,P.+J./ o# 'AA,*@:+@,;B#:*+#,N#:#;EF-./#,N#H./A,;A#E;@+@;P#+,P.+J./#N,/#A,F.#AH.*@:G#HE/H,A.#,/#-EA@;.AA o# =,@;+#M.;+E/.B#:AA,*@:+@,;#,N#H./A,;A#,/#*,FH:;@.A#^,@;+G<#E;D./+:`@;P#A,F.#*,FF./*@:G#.;+./H/@A.
+J.<#O./.#;,+#H:/[email protected]#+,#+J.#*,;+/:*+#Issues: 1. WON the petitioners have standing?#(NO) # $I'&5#c5%[$[$#*:;;,+#:HHG<>#IJ.#H/.M@,EA#/EG@;P#AEA+:@;@;P#+J.#A+:;D@;P#,N#+J.#H.+@+@,;./A#@A#:#D.H:/+E/.#N/,F#+J.#A.++G.D#/EG@;PA#,;#]/.:G#H:/[email protected]#@;#@;+./.A+_#-.*:EA.#;,#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#@AAE.A#O./.#:*+E:GG<#@;M,GM.D>##
# &nQ5#)6#%)6%Qn$[d565$$#*:;;,+#A+@GG#:HHG<>#';#@AAE.#:*+E:GG<#:;D#D@/.*+G<#H:AA.D#EH,;#:;D#D.+./F@;.#@;#:#N,/F./#AE@+#*:;;,+#:P:@;#-.#D/:O;#@;#YE.A+@,;#@;#:;<#NE+E/.#:*+@,;#-.+O..;#+J.#A:F.#H:/[email protected]#@;M,GM@;P#:#D@NN./.;+#*:EA.#,N#:*+@,;>#7E+#+J.#/EG.#D,.A#;,+#:HHG<#+,#@AAE.A#,N#G:O#:+#G.:A+#OJ.;#AE-A+:;+@:GG<#E;/.G:+.D#*G:@FA#:/.#@;M,GM.D>#When the second proceeding involves an instrument or transaction identical with, but in a form separable from the one dealt with in the first proceeding, the Court is free in the second proceeding to make an independent examination of the legal matters at issue>#
2. WON ELA is valid? (YES) # C@a@;P#+J.#/.;+:G#/:+.#+,#:#F@;@FEF#@A#:#F:++./#,N#-EA@;.AA#^EDPF.;+#:;D#+J.#%,E/+#@A#;,+#@;*G@;.D#+,#/[email protected]>### [;#+J.#*,;+/:*+2#@+#A+:+.D#+J:+#+J.#H:/[email protected]#*:;#*J:;P.#+J.@/#:P/..F.;+>#?.+@+@,;./#A+:+.A#+J:+#+J@A#O,EGD#:GG,O#?9S%#+,#*,;+/,G#:;D#,H./:+.#+J.#,;RG@;.#G,++./<#A<A+.F>#IJ.#%,E/+#J.GD#+J:+#+J.#*G:@F#@A#AH.*EG:+@M.>#[;#:;<#*:A.2#@;#+J.#*,;A+/E*+@,;#,N#A+:+E+.A2#+J.#H/.AEFH+@,;#@A#+J:+#@;#F:`@;P#*,;+/:*+A2#+J.#P,M./;F.;+#J:A#:*+.D#@;#P,,D#N:@+J>#IJ.#D,*+/@;.#+J:+#+J.#H,AA@-@G@+<#,N#:-EA.#@A#;,+#:#/.:A,;#N,/#D.;<@;P#H,O./>#
3. WON PCSO violated its charter? 4. WON a public bidding is required? Petitioners have no standing. ELA is a valid lease contract. Petition for prohibition, review and/or injunction is dismissed.
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I Tatad vs. Garcia, Jr. April 6, 1995 Quiason, J. Special Civil Action Issues: 1. WON petitioners have legal standing? (YES) # IJ.#%,E/+#J:A#:GG,O.D#+:aH:<./A#+,#YE.A+@,;#%)6I&'%I$#.;+./.D#@;+,#-<#+J.#6:+@,;:G#9,M./;F.;+#,/#%)99A#@;#*,;+/:M.;+@,;#,N#+J.#G:O#:;D#+,#D@A:GG,O#OJ.;#,;G<#FE;@*@H:G#*,;+/:*+A#:/.#@;M,GM.D>#
2. Can respondent EDSA LRT Corp., Ltd., a foreign corporation own EDSA LRT III, a public utility? # ?J/:A@;P#@A#.//,;.,EA>#gJ:+#@A#,O;.D#:/.#+J.#/:@G#+/:*`A2#/,GG@;P#A+,*`A2#+./F@;:GA2#H,O./#HG:;+#.+*>#:;D#;,+#:#HE-G@*#E+@G@+<>#gJ:+#*,;A+@+E+.A#:#HE-G@*#E+@G@+<#@A#;,+#+J.@/#,O;./AJ@H#-E+#+J.@/#EA.#+,#A./M.#+J.#HE-G@*>##
%'=d#OJ./.@;#?%$)#G.:A.D#,E+#@+A#N/:;*J@A.#+,#?9S%#OJ@*J#:*+E:GG<#,H./:+.D#:;D#F:;:P.D#+J.#A:F.>#3. WON the BLT scheme under the Agreement is not recognized in the BOT law? (NO) # 7)I#A*J.F.B#+J.#*,;+/:*+,/#E;D./+:`.A#+J.#*,;A+/E*+@,;#:;D#N@;:;*@;P#,N#:;#@;N/:A+/E*+E/.#N:*@G@+<#:;D#,H./:+.A#:;D#F:@;+:@;A#+J.#A:F.>#'#*,;+/:*+,/#,H./:+.A#+J.#N:*@G@+<#N,/#:#[email protected]#H./@,D#:;D#:N+./#+J.#.aH@/:+@,;2#+J.#*,;+/:*+,/#+/:;AN./A#+J.#,O;./AJ@H#:;D#,H./:+@,;#+,#+J.#P,M./;F.;+>#IJ.#,O;./#FEA+#*,FHG<#O@+J#+J.#%[I[X56$Z[?#/.YE@/.F.;+#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;>#
4. WON awarding through negotiation invalidates the award? (NO) # $@;*.#,;G<#,;.#:HHG@*:;+#H:AA.D#+J.#H/.RYE:G@N@*:+@,;#H/,*.AA2#:#HE-G@*#-@DD@;P#@A#:;#:-AE/D#:;D#H,@;+G.AA#.a./*@A.>#S,/.,M./2#$.*>#(#,N#+J.#7)I#Q:O#@;#/.G:+@,;#+,#?c#!(3b#:GG,OA#+J.#;.P,+@:+.D#:O:/D#,N#P,M./;F.;+#@;N/:A+/E*+E/.>#?/,^.*+A#F:<-.#;.P,+@:+.D#OJ.;#+@F.#@A#,N#+J.#.AA.;*.2#G:*`#,N#YE:G@[email protected]#-@DD./A#,/#OJ./.#+J./.#@A#*,;*GEA@M.#.M@D.;*.#+J:+#P/.:+./#.*,;,F<#,/#.NN@*@.;*<#O,EGD#-.#:*[email protected]>#o# IJ./.#@A#:#G:*`#,N#YE:G@[email protected]#-@DD./A>#6,#H.+@+@,;#N/,F#+J.#*,FH.+@;P#N@/FA#O:A#@;A+@+E+.D#-.N,/.#?7'%>#
5. WON the agreements are grossly disadvantageous? (NO) # c)I%#AJ:GG#-.#:GG,O.D#+,#D.DE*+#:;<#AJ,/+N:GGA#N/,F#+J.#F,;+JG<#/.;+#DE.#5Q%#N,/#+J.#*,;A+/E*+@,;#,N#5c$'#Q&I#[[[>#'GA,2#H.+@+@,;./A#J:M.#;,+#H/.A.;+.D#.M@D.;*.#,;#+J.#/.:A,;:-G.#/.;+:GA#+,#-.#H:@D#-<#+J.#H:/[email protected]#+,#.:*J#,+J./>#IJ.#F:++./#,N#M:GE:+@,;#@A#:;#.A,+./@*#[email protected]#OJ@*J#@A#-.++./#G.N+#+,#.aH./+A#:;D#OJ@*J#+J@A#%,E/+#@A#;,+#.:P./#+,#+:`.>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I De Agbayani vs. PNB April 29, 1971 Fernando, J. Appeal from a decision of the CFI of Pangasinan Facts: # ?G:@;+@NN#,-+:@;.D#?b(f#G,:;#N/,F#?67#F:+E/@;P#,;#=EG<#!32#!3bb#A.*E/.D#-<#/.:G#.A+:+.#F,/+P:P.>#'A#,N#6,M>#012#!3(32#+J.#-:G:;*.#O:A#?!03b>#'A#.:/G<#:A#=EG<#!T2#?67#@;A+@+E+.D#:;#.a+/:R^ED@*@:G#N,/.*G,AE/.#H/,*..D@;P>#?G:@;+@NN#*,E;+./.D#A+:+@;P#+J:+#+J.#F,/+P:P.#A,EPJ+#+,#-.#N,/.*G,A.#J:D#G,;P#H/.A*/@-.D#K!(#<.:/AL>#
Foreclosure has not prescribed. Prescription could not be a valid defense. Decision appealed from is dismissed. #
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I People vs. Cuaresma and dela Cruz April 18, 1989 Narvasa, J. Special Civil Action for certiorari to review the orders of the City Court of Dumaguete City Facts: # 'EP>#"2#!314>#%E:/.AF:#HE-G@*G<#AH.:`#:;D#E++./.D#:P:@;A+#QEV#QEF:*:,#@;AEG+@;P#:;D#D.N:F:+,/<#O,/DA#:;D#.aH/.AA@,;A>#QEF:*:,#*,;+.;DA#+J:+#%E:/.AF:#D@AJ,;,/.D#J./#-<#:**EA@;P#J./#:A#:#H:/:F,E/#,N#J./#JEA-:;D#d@*+,/>#
Petition is dismissed. ############################RAMON A. GONZALES (petitioner) vs. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, DIRECTOR OF PRINTING, and AUDITOR GENERAL (respondents) PHILIPPINE CONSITUTION ASSOCIATION (petitioner) vs. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (respondent) DATE: 3#6,M.F-./#!3"1# NATURE: )/@P@;:G#'*+@,;#@;#+J.#$EH/.F.#%,E/+>#?/,J@-@+@,;#O@+J#H/.G@F@;:/<#@;^E;*+@,;B#
!># );#!"#S:/*J#!3"12#IJ.#$.;:+.#:;D#+J.#Z,EA.#,N#&.H/.A.;+:[email protected]#H:AA.D#+J.#N,GG,O@;P#/.A,GE+@,;AB#:># R.B.H. (Resolution of Both Houses) No.12#H/,H,A@;P#+,#:F.;D#'/+>#d[#$.*>#(#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#,N#+J.#
-># %,;P/.AA#F:<#+J./.N,/.#H/,H,A.#:F.;DF.;+A#F./.G<#-.*:EA.#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;#P/:;+A#@+#+J.#H,O./#+,#D,#A,>#gJ.;#.a./*@A@;P#+J@A#H,O./2#$.;:+,/A#:;D#F.F-./A#,N#+J.#Z,EA.#D,#;,+#:*+#:A#F.F-./A#,N#%,;P/.AA2#-E+#:A#elements of a constituent assembly +J:+#D./@M.#+J.@/#:E+J,/@+<#N/,F#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;>#
S:-:;:P#MA>#Q,H.V#d@+,>#IJ.A.#@;*GED.#+J.#N,GG,O@;PB#@># Suanes vs. Chief Accountant of the Senate. )NN@*./A#:;D#.FHG,<..A#,N#+J.#$.;:+.#5G.*+,/:G#I/@-E;:G#:/.#E;D./#+J.#*,;+/,G#:;D#AEH./M@A@,;#,N#+J.#*,E/+#:;D#;,+#+J:+#,N#+J.#$.;:+.#?/.A@D.;+>#
@@># Avelino vs. Cuenco. IJ.#*,E/+#F:<#D.+./F@;.#+J.#;EF-./#,N#$.;:+,/A#;.*.AA:/<#N,/#:#YE,/EF#@;#+J.#$.;:+.>#
@@@># Tañada vs. Cuenco. IJ.#*,E/+2#@;#:#H/,H./#*:A.2#F:<#;EGG@N<#+J.#.G.*+@,;#,N#$.;:+,/A#+,#+J.#$.;:+.#5G.*+,/:G#I/@-E;:G>#
@M># Macias vs. Commission on Elections>#IJ.#*,E/+#F:<#A+/@`.#:;#:HH,/+@,;F.;+#G:O#N/,F#%,;P/.AA#:A#E;*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#@N#+J.#A:F.#D,.A#;,+#:HH,/+@,;#+J.#;EF-./#,N#A.:+A#@;#%,;P/.AA#@;#:**,/D:;*.#+,#+J.#;EF-./#,N#@;J:-@+:;+A#@;#.:*J#H/,M@;*.>#
F:;:P.:-G.#A+:;D:/DA2\#A@;*.#+J.#@AAE.#qH,A.A#:#YE.A+@,;#,N#N:*+>\#1L# C,/#D@AF@AA:G#k3#^EA+@*.AlW#';+,;@,#N:M,/A#+J.#P/:;+@;P#,N#A:@D#H.+@+@,;A# Disposition of the Plebiscite Cases:###%:A.A#c@[email protected]>#"#N,/#D@AF@AA:G2#T#D@AA.;+@;P#O@+J#/.AH.*+#+,#9&#QRT(3b4#:;D#:;,+J./#F.F-./#D@AA.;+@;P#:A#+,#:GG#,N#+J.#*:A.A#kX:GD@M:/l>#
Ratio Decidendi: I don’t know if these are even applicable given that the opinion of the ponente is a dissenting opinion, and
is thus different from the disposition of the cases. I. WON the issue of the validity of Proc. No. 1102 is a justiciable, or political and therefore
non-justiciable, question. [Better formulation: WON the issue of the validity of Proc. No 1102 constitutes a political question] # RD: Number of Justices to Declare a Presidential Decree/ Presidential
# RD: Political Question: IJ.#@AAE.#,N#+J.#M:G@D@+<#,N#+J.#!31!#%,;A+@+E+@,;#@;A,N:/#:A#D.*@D@;P#,;#+J.#*,FHG@:;*.#,N#@+A#/:+@N@*:+@,;#O@+J#+J.#F.+J,D#:;D#H/,*.DE/.#H/.A*/@-.D#@;#'/+#md#,N#+J.#!3T(#%,;A+@+E+@,;#@A#*,;*./;.D2#D,.A#;,+#*,;A+@+E+.#:#H,G@+@*:G#YE.A+@,;>#
# Baker v. Carr e#C.D./:G#$EH/.F.#%,E/+#/.M./A.D#+J.#:HH.:G#D.*@A@,;#k;,;R^EA+@*@:-G@G@+<l#:;D#J.GD#+J:+#A:@D#@AAE.#O:A#^EA+@*@:-G.#:;D#;,;RH,G@+@*:G#YE.A+@,;#@;:AFE*J#:AB#]D.*@D@;P#OJ.+J./#:#F:++./#J:A#@;#:;<#F.:AE/.#-..;#*,FF@++.D#-<#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#+,#:;,+J./#-/:;*J#,N#P,M./;F.;+2#,/#OJ.+J./#+J.#:*+@,;#+J:+#-/:;*J#.a*..DA#OJ:+.M./#:E+J,/@+<#J:A#-..;#*,FF@++.D2#@A#@+A.GN#:#D.G@*:+.#.a./*@A.#@;#*,;A+@+E+@,;#@;+./H/.+:+@,;2#:;D#@A#:#/.AH,;A@-@G@+<#,N#+J@A#%,E/+#:A#EG+@F:+.#@;+./H/.+./#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;>_#
II. WON the Constitution proposed by the 1971 Constitutional Convention been ratified validly (with substantial, if not strict, compliance) conformably to the applicable constitutional and statutory provisions? $DNDN## RD: Election – IJ.#O,/D#q.G.*+@,;\#AJ:GG#/.N./#+,#+J.#H/,*.AA#OJ./.@;#DEG<#/.P@A+./.D#M,+./A#AJ:GG#*:A+#+J.@/#M,+.A#+,#D.*@D.#,;#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G#:F.;DF.;+A#E;D./#+J.#AEH./M@A@,;#,N#+J.#%)S5Q5%>#
# People – #IJ.#O,/D#qH.,HG.\#A+:+.D#@;#$.*#!2#'/+#!(2#AJ:GG#/.N./#+,#DEG<#/.P@A+./.D#M,+./A#OJ,#0!#<.:/A#,N#:P.#,/#:-,M.>#
# Revised Barrio Charter –#!4#<.:/A#:;D#:-,M.#AJ:GG#-.#YE:G@[email protected]#+,#-.#H:/+#,N#+J.#7://@,#'[email protected]>#7E+#M,+@;P#*,[email protected]#O@+J#+J.#0!R:P.#F@;@FEF>#k+J,A.#G:*`@;P#@;#YE:G@N@*:+@,;A#*:;;,+#-.#*,;A@D./.D#:A#.G@P@-G.#+,#M,+.l#
IV. WON the petitioners are entitled to relief. RD: Mandamus -#'#O/@+#,N#F:;D:FEA#*:;;,+#-.#@AAE.D#-<#+J.#$%#+,#+J.#J.:D#,N#:#*,R.YE:G#D.H:/+F.;+#,N#P,M./;F.;+>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
V. WON the aforementioned proposed Constitution is in force. # 'A#D.*@D.D#-<#+J.#M,+.#,N#+J.#,+J./#^EDP.A>#
RATIO: The phrase “directly proposed by the people through initiative upon a petition”
[contained in Section 2, Article XVII of the Constitution] shall mean that the people authored and signed a petition that contains the full text of the proposed amendments which may be either written on the face of the petition or attached to it.
# IJ.# @;@+@:+@M.#M@,G:+.A#$.*+@,;#02#'/+@*G.#md[[#,N# +J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#disallowing revision through initiatives>#
RATIO: Amendment shall mean an addition or change within the lines of the original instrument as will effect an improvement, or better carry out the purpose for which it was framed. It refers to a change that adds, reduces or deletes without altering the basic principles involved. It affects only the specific provision being amended.
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
Revision shall broadly imply a change that alters a basic principle in the constitution. It alters the substantial entirety of the constitution, as when the change affects substantial provisions of the constitution. It generally affects several provisions of the constitution.
RATIO: A dismissal by the COMELEC of an initiative petition shall not amount to grave abuse of discretion if it only followed the ruling of the court on a previous case.
Judgment: ?.+@+@,;#c[$S[$$5c>#
#######################CHIONGBIAN VS. ORBOS 9>&>#6,A>#3"1(b2#3""1T##Date:#=E;.#002#!33(##Petitioners:#%,;P/.AAF:;#=:F.A#Q>#%J@,;P-@:;2#.+#:G>##Respondents:#Z,;>#)A*:/#S>#)/-,A2#5a.*E+@M.#$.*/.+:/<W#.+#:G>##
TORRALBA VS. MUNICIPALITY OF SIBAGAT 9>&>#6,>#QR(3!4f##Date:#=:;E:/<#032#!341##Petitioners:#%G.F.;+@;,#I,//:G-:#:;D#&.#Q>#&EP:<##Respondents:#IJ.#SE;@*@H:G@+<#,N#$@-:P:+2#?/,M@;*.#,N#'PEA:;#D.G#$E/#:;D#@+A#SE;@*@H:G#)NN@*./A##Ponente:#S.G.;*@,RZ.//./:2#J.##Nature:#?.+@+@,;##Facts:#?.+@+@,;./A#*J:GG.;P.# +J.#7>?>#7GP>#("#.;:*+.D#,;#C.-/E:/<#!2#!34f#*/.:+@;P# +J.#SE;@*@H:G@+<#,N#$@-:P:+2#?/,M@;*.#,N#'PEA:;#D.G#$E/2#N,/#M@,G:+@;P#'/+>#m[2#$.*>#T2#!31T#%,;A+@+E+@,;#OJ@*J#H/,[email protected]#
##c@AH,A+@,;B#'AA:@G.D#/.A,GE+@,;#,N#c.HE+<#5a.*E+@M.#$.*/.+:/<#CEGP.;*@,#C:*+,/:;2#=/>#@A#:NN@/F.D>##d,+.B#!f#K!#e#*,;*E//@;PW#!#e#*,;*E//@;P#@;#+J.#/.AEG+L###################################Planas v. COMELEC $EH./#$EFF:/<B#H.+@+@,;./A#:/.#:AA:@G@;P#+J.#*,;A+@+E+@,;:G@+<#,N#+J.#H/,H,A.D#HG.-@A*@+.#.G.*+@,;#N,/#+J.#H/,H,A.D#;.O#%,;A+@+E+@,;##C:*+AB#S:/*J#!"#!3"1B#%,;P/.AA#H:AA.D#&.A,GE+@,;#0##=E;.#!1#!3"3B#:D,H+.D#&.A,GE+@,;#b2#:F.;D@;P#&.A>#0##%,;M.;+@,;#+,#H/,H,A.#:F.;DF.;+A#+,#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;##@FHG.F.;+.D#-<#&'#"!T0#:HH/,M.D#,;#'EP#0b#!31f##6,M#0f#031fB#.G.*+@,;#,N#D.G.P:+.A#N,/#+J.#!31!#%,;R%,;##=E;#!#!31!B#!31!#%,;A+@+E+@,;:G#%,;M.;+@,;#-.P:;#+,#H./N,/F#@+A#NE;*+@,;A#
;:+@,;:G#@;+./.A+Ax#7. Do you approve of the new Consti? 8. Do you want a plebiscite to be called to ratify the new Consti? 3># c,#<,E#O:;+#.G.*+@,;A#+,#-.#J.GD#@;#6,M#\1T#@;#:**,/D:;*.#O@+J#+J.#H/,M@A@,;A#,N#+J.#!3T(#%,;A+@x#!f># [N#+J.#.G.*+@,;A#O,EGD#;,+#-.#J.GD2#OJ.;#D,#<,E#O:;+#+J.#;.a+#.G.*+@,;A#+,#-.#*:GG.Dx#!!>#c,#<,E#O:;+#F:/+@:G#G:O#+,#*,;+@;E.x#
H/,H,A:GA#N,/#:F.;DF.;+#,N#+J.#%,;A+@#&:+@,B#%=#%,;*.H*@,;B#WON SC has the authority to pass upon the validity of PD 73 # [AAE.#@A#^EA+@*@:-G.## $E-D@M@A@,;#K!L#,N#$.*#02#'/+#d[[[#,N#+J.#!3T(#%,;A+@B#.aH/.AAG<#H/,[email protected]#N,/#+J.#:E+J,/@+<#,N#+J@A#%,E/+#+,#/[email protected]#+J.#@AAE.#
WON the 1971 ConCon had exceeded its authority in approving Sec 2, 3 (par 2) and 12 of Art XVII of the proposed Consti
WON the President have the authority to issue PD 73## ;,+#;.*.AA:/<#+,#:;AO./#+J.#YE.A+@,;#-.*#+J.#HG.-@A*@+.#,/D:@;.D#@;#A:@D#D.*/..#J:A#-..;#H,A+H,;.D#
WON martial law affects the validity of a submission to the people for ratification of specific proposals for amendment of the Consti
# g.GGRA.++G.D# @A# +J.# D,*+/@;.2# +J:+# ^E/@AD@*+@,;# ,M./# +J.# AE-^.*+# F:++./# ,N# :# *:A.# @A#D.+./F@;.D# -<# +J.# :GG.P:+@,;A# ,N# +J.# *,FHG:@;+# ,/# H.+@+@,;2# /.P:/DG.AA# ,N# OJ.+J./# +J.#HG:@;+@NN#,/#H.+@+@,;./#@A#.;+@+G.D#+,#+J.#/[email protected]#:AA./+.D>#[;#G@PJ+#,N#+J.#:N,/.A:@D#:GG.P:+@,;A#,N#H.+@+@,;./A2#@+#@A#*G.:/#+J:+#+J@A#%,E/+#J:A#^E/@AD@*+@,;#,M./#+J.#H.+@+@,;>#It is well within the power and jurisdiction of the Court to inquire whether indeed the Senate or its officials committed a violation of the Constitution or gravely abused their discretion in the exercise of their functions and prerogatives.
# Where no specific, operable norms and standards are shown to exist, then the legislature must be given a real and effective opportunity to fashion and promulgate as well as to implement them, before the courts may intervene.
# Where no provision of the Constitution, the laws or even the rules of the Senate has been clearly shown to have been violated, disregarded or overlooked, grave abuse of discretion cannot be imputed to Senate officials for acts done within their competence and authority.#
Judgment: ?.+@+@,;#c[$S[$$5c>#
#
##
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
####################################Solicitor General vs Metropolitan Manila Authority (Digest) Petitioner: $,G@*@+,/#9.;./:G2#&>#S:G:H@/:2#$>#S,A:;+,2#c>#%:GD./,;2#9>#I/@.A+.#Respondent: S.+/,H,G@+:;#S:;@G:#'E+J,/@+<2#SE;@*@H:G@+<#,N#S:;D:GE<,;P#Ponente: =>#%/EV#Nature: ?.+@+@,;#+,#/[email protected]#+J.#/.A,GE+@,;#,N#+J.#S.+/,H,G@+:;#S:;@G:#'E+J,/@+<##Facts/Background:
Issue/s: K!L#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#+J./.#O:A#:;#:*+E:G#*:A.#,/#*,;+/,M./A<#@;#+J.#*:A.#:+#-:/>#K0L#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#+J./.#O:A#E;DE.#.a./*@A.#,N#D.G.P:+.D#G.P@AG:+@M.#H,O./>#KTL#gJ.+J./#,/#;,+#+J.#:AA:@G.D#,/D@;:;*.A#:/.#M:G@D#:;D#.;N,/*.:-G.># Held/Reasoning: K!L#?/,*.DE/:G#@AAE.A#J:M.#-..;#/.G:a.D#-<#+J.#%,E/+#+,#:DD/.AA#+/:;A*.;D.;+:G#HE-G@*#@;+./.A+>#[;#+J.#*:A.#:+#-:/2#I?[#@A#+J.#*,;NEA@,;#:F,;P#F,+,/@A+A#:A#+,#OJ@*J#G:O#:[email protected]>#K0#u#TL#NO.#SS'#@;M,`.D#:E+J,/@+<#-.A+,O.D#EH,;#@+#-<#5)#T30#OJ@G.#@;#@AAE@;P#)/D>#6,>#!!#OJ@G.#)/D>#6,>#1#O:A#^EA+@[email protected]#-:A.D#,;#+J.#9.;./:G#g.GN:/.#%G:EA.#,N#+J.#Q,*:G#9,M./;F.;+#%,D.>#Q.P@AG:+@M.#H,O./#J:A#-..;#M:G@DG<#D.G.P:+.D#+,#+J.A.#-,[email protected]#J,O.M./#+J.#.a./*@A.#,N#+J@A#H,O./#@A#6)I>#'F,;P#+J.#/.YE@A@+.A#N,/#+J.#M:G@D@+<#,N#:;#,/D@;:;*.#@A#+J:+#@+#AJ,EGD#;,+#*,;+/:M.;.#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;#,/#:;#.a@A+@;P#A+:+E+.>#IJ.#,/D@;:;*.A#:+#J:;D#D,#;,+#*,;N,/F#+,#?c#!"f(#e#+J.<#:GG,O#P@M@;P#A:;*+@,;A#+J:+#:/.#.aH/.AAG<#H/,J@-@+.D#-<#+J.#A+:+E+.>#Q.P@AG:+@M.#H,O./#@A#M.A+.D#@;#+J.#%,;P/.AA#K$.*+@,;#!#'/+@*G.#"#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;LW#G,*:G#H,G@+@*:G#AE-D@M@A@,;A#:/.#,;G<#+,#G.P@AG:+.#,;G<#-<#M@/+E.#,N#:#M:G@D#D.G.P:+@,;#,N#G.P@AG:+@M.#H,O./#N/,F#+J.#;:+@,;:G#G.P@AG:+E/.#KH,O./#,N#AE-,/D@;:+.#G.P@AG:+@,;L>#5;:*+F.;+A#+J:+#:/.#G,*:G#@;#,/@P@;#*:;;,+#H/.M:@G#:P:@;A+#+J.#D.*/..2#OJ@*J#J:A#+J.#N,/*.#:;D#.NN.*+#,N#:#A+:+E+.># Ratio Decidendi: Q,*:G#H,G@+@*:G#AE-D@M@A@,;A#:/.#D.G.P:+.D#O@+J#+J.#H,O./#+,#G.P@AG:+.#A,#G,;P#:A#+J.@/#.;:*+F.;+A#:/.#;,+#@;#*,;+/:M.;+@,;#+,#G:OA#@AAE.D#-<#+J.#%,;P/.AA>#
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
Disposition: )/D@;:;*.#6,>#!!#A./@.A#,N#!33!#KSS'L#:;D#)/D@;:;*.#6,>#1#A./@.A#,N#!344#KSE;>#,N#S:;D:GE<,;PL#6nQQ#:;D#d)[cW#G:O#.;N,/*.F.;+#:E+J,/@[email protected]#.;^,@;.D#N/,F#/.F,M@;P#G@*.;A.#HG:+.A#:;D#*,;N@A*:+@;P#D/@M./A\#G@*.;A.A#N,/#+/:NN@*#M@,G:+@,;A>###*Notes from discussion: This is an example of a case where the Court should have exercised judicial restraint. Petitioners had no legal standing and the case was not ripe for determination. Sanctions to traffic violations are not transcendental an issue for the procedural issues to be relaxed. But then again, the Court shall decide. *Obiter (or maybe not ): Executive has supervisory power over local governments (Sec. 4 Art. 10 of the Consti). #Prepared by: Toff Lamug 1-C ###################Southeast Mindanao Gold Mining Corp. vs Balite Portal Mining Corp 'H/@G#fT2#0ff0##Petition for review on certiorari of a decision of the Court of Appeals #Ynares-Santiago, J. #FACTS: #!>##IJ@A#@;M,GM.A#:#/@*J#+/:*+#,N#F@;./:G#G:;D#G,*:+.D#@;#c:M:,R'PEA:R$E/@P:,#C,/.A+#&A./M.#,+J./O@A.#`;,OA#:A#+J.#c@O:GO:G#9,GD#&EAJ#'/.:#*,;+/,M./A@:G#N,/#+J.#P,GD#D.H,A@+A#N,E;D#O@+J@;#@+A#-,O.GA>##0>##C/,F#!34(R!33!#H.,HG.#NG,*`.D#+,#c@O:GO:G#+,#A+:`.#+J.@/#/.AH.*+@M.#*G:@FAW#JE;D/.DA#[email protected]#-.*:EA.#,N#F@;@;PR/.G:+.D#:**@D.;+A#:A#*,;A.YE.;*.#,N#E;/.PEG:+.D#F@;@;P#:*+@M@[email protected]>##T>##S:/*J#!f2#!344B#S:/*,HH./#S@;@;P#%,/H>#O:A#P/:;+.D#5aHG,/:+@,;#?./F@+#K5?#!TTL#,M./#J.*+:/.A#,N#G:;DA#OJ@*J#@;*GED.#+J.#c@O:GO:G#:/.:W#+J@A#P/:;+#O:A#*J:GG.;P.D#-<#'H.a#S@;@;P#%,/H#@;#“Apex Mining Co., Inc., et al. v. Hon. Cancio C. Garcia, et al.”W#-E+#DE.#+,#+J.#N:@GE/.#,N#:H.a#+,#*,FHG<#O@+J#+J.#H/,*.DE/:G#/.YE@/.F.;+A2#*,E/+#D.*@D.D#@;#N:M,/#,N#S:/a,HH./#@;#!33!>####b>##=E;.#012#!33!B#&'#1f1"#,/#?.,HG.\A#$F:GG#$*:G.#S@;@;P#'*+#.A+:[email protected]#:;D#*/.:+.D#?.,HG.\A#$F:GG#$*:G.#S@;@;P#?/,P/:F#:;D#+J.#?/,M@;*@:G#S@;@;P#&.PEG:+,/<#7,:/D#K?&S7L#@FHG.F.;+.D#:;D#E;D./#D@/.*+#*,;+/,G#,N#+J.#$.*>#,N#c56&>## R#P/:;+A#:E+J,/@+<#+,#A.+#:A@D.#AF:GGRA*:G.#F@;@;P#:/.:#AE-^.*+#+,#/[email protected]#-<#c56&#
#!(>##=:;E:/<#"2#!334B#MAB rendered decision in the Consolidated Mine cases setting aside the judgment of RPAW#+J@A#D.*@A@,;#O:A#.G.M:+.D#+,#+J.#Z@PJ#%,E/+#:G,;P#O@+J#+J.#H.+@+@,;#D@[email protected]#-<#+J.#%'#,;#S:/*J#!32#!334##K+JEA2#*,;A,G@D:+.D#H.+@+@,;B#9,A>#!T0b1(#:;D#!T0(04L>####!">##S:/*J#!32#!334B#CA voted 3-2 dismissing the petition of SEM#,;#+J.#P/,E;D#+J:+B#
#!1>##?.+@+@,;./#[email protected]#N,/#/.*,;A@D./:+@,;#-E+#O:A#D.;@.D#N,/#G:*`#,N#F./@+#,;#'EP>#!32#!334>####!4>##IJ.#:HH.:G.D#%,;A,G@D:+.D#S@;.A#*:A.A2#:A#,N#$.H+>#!!2#0fff2#O./.#A+@GG#H.;D@;P#-.N,/.#+J.#%'>###ISSUE 1: WON the assailed memorandum order adopts the “direct state utilization scheme” in resolving the Diwalwal dispute. - H.+@+@,;./B#+J.#F.F,/:;DEF#,/D./#D@*+:+.D#+J.#A:@D#/.*,E/A.>## R#F.F,/:;DEF#,/D./#@A#:#G.P:G#AJ,/+*E+#+,#H/..FH+#+J.#/.A,GE+@,;#,N#+J.#%,;A,G@D:+.D#S@;.A#*:A.##RATIO 1: The assailed MO 97-03 shall constitute only a study of the option of “direct state utilization” as a policy R#@+#A@FHG<#D@/.*+.D#+J.#c56&#,NN@*@:GA#*,;*./;.D#+,#E;D./+:`.#[email protected]#+,#D.+./F@;.#N.:A@-@G@+<### R#@+#D@D#;,+#P/:;+#:;<#F:;:P.F.;+8,H./:+@;P#,/#H/,N@+RAJ:/@;P#:P/..F.;+#+,#AF:GG#A*:G.#,O;./A## R#+J./.#@A#;,#AJ,O@;P#+J:+#:N+./#+J.#A+ED<2#+J.#$+:+.#O,EGD#D@/.*+G<#+:`.#,M./#+J.#F@;.A#
# ISSUE 2: WON EP 133 vests rights upon petitioner which must be protected from violation by MO 97-03 - D@/.*+#A+:+.#E+@G@V:+@,;#M@,G:+.A#/@PJ+A#M.A+.D#:G/.:D<#+J/,EPJ#5?#!TT## #RATIO 2: EP 133 shall, its validity still being in dispute and pending before the CA, not be a source of any conclusive rights that can be impaired by MO 97-03.
- +J./.N,/.2#O,;#+J.#H.+@+@,;./#J:A#M.A+.D#/@PJ+#E;D./#5?#!TT#@A#A+@GG#@;D.N@;@+.#:;D#E;A.++G.D>##### ISSUE 3: WON rights under EP 133 are total and absolute. #RATIO 3: Rights under EP 133 shall be merely a privilege granted by the State which may be amended, modified when the natl interest so requires. R#.aHG,/:+@,;2#D.M.G,HF.;+2#:;D#E+@G@V:+@,;#,N#;:+G#/.A,E/*.A#:/.#@FH/.AA.D#O@+J#HE-G@*#@;+./.A+>###
R#G@`.#+@F-./#H./F@+A2#F@;@;P#.aHG,/:+@,;#H./F@+A#D,#;,+#M.A+#@;#+J.#P/:;+..#:;<#@//.M,*:-G.#/@PJ+A#O@+J@;#+J.#HE/[email protected]#,N#+J.#;,;R@FH:@/F.;+#,N#*,;+/:*+#:;D#DE.#H/,*.AA#*G:EA.#,N#+J.#%,;A+@+E+@,;>###R#$+:+.2#E;D./#@+A#H,G@*.#H,O./2#F:<#:G+./2#F,D@N<#,/#:F.;D#+J.#A:F.#@;#:**,/D:;*.#O@+J#+J.#D.F:;DA#,N#+J.#P.;./:G#O.GN:/.>###R#'/+>#m[[2#$.*>#0#,N#+J.#!341#%,;A+@B#]h.aHG,/:+@,;2#D.M.G,HF.;+2#:;D#E+@G@V:+@,;#,N#;:+G#/.A,E/*.A#AJ:GG#-.#E;D./#+J.#full control and supervision#,N#+J.#$+:+._#W#]IJ.#$+:+.#F:<#D@/.*+G<#E;D./+:`.#AE*J#:*+@M@[email protected]#,/#@+#F:<#.;+./#@;+,#*,RH/,DE*+@,;2#^,@;+#M.;+E/.2#,/#H/,DE*+@,;#AJ:/@;P#:P/..F.;+Ah_#R#$.*>#b2#%J:H+./#[[#,N#+J.#?J@G@HH@;.#S@;@;P#'*+#,N#!33(B#F@;./:G#/.A,E/*.A#:/.#,O;.D#-<#+J.#$+:+.W#.DE#:;D#H/,*#,N#;:+G#/.A,E/*.A#E;D./#NEGG#*,;+/,G#:;D#AEH./M@A@,;>###R#State shall have the constitutional policy of full control and supervision of the exploration, development, utilization of the country’s natural mineral resources by either undertaking the same or by entering into agreements with qualified entities ([email protected]#-<B#HE-G@*#@;+./.A+2#F:+./@:G#:;D#G,P@A+@*#N.:A@-@G@+<L>##
C2O12 COMPILED DIGESTS | MVF LEONEN | CONSTI I
ISSUE 4: WON MO 97-03 sanctions violation of mining laws by allowing illegal miners to enter into mining agreements with the State. #RATIO 4: The determination of whether BCMC and other mining entities it represents are conducting illegal mining activities shall be determined in the Consolidated Mines as they constitute questions of facts. # R#%,;A,G@D:+.D#S@;.A#*:A.#@A#A+@GG#H.;D@;PW#@+#@A#<.+#+,#-.#D@AH,A.D#-<#+J.#%'### R#$%#;,+#+,#H/..FH+#+J.#/.A,GE+@,;#,N#+J.#*:A.A>##### ISSUE 5: WON the Apex Mining case can be used by SEM to justify its rights under EP 133 and against BCMC and oppositor mining firms. R#+J.#*:A.#A.++G.D#+J:+#S:/*,HH./#J:A#M:G@DG<#:*YE@/.D#F@;@;P#/@PJ+A#,M./#+J.#c@O:GO:G#*:A.2#;,+#'H.a>## #RATIO 5: The Apex Mining case shall not be binding and conclusive on BCMC and other mining entities and shall not be dispositive of the question on the continuing validity of EP 133 # R#7%S%#:;D#,+J./#F@;@;P#.;+@[email protected]#:/.#;,+#H:/+#,/#H:/[email protected]#,N#+J.#'H.a#S@;@;P#*:A.>###
# '/+@*G.#Tb#H/,[email protected]#h#an identical product, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been obtained by the patented process if:
a. Product is new b. Substantial likelihood that identical product obtained by patented process and owner
of patent cannot determine what process was used to make the product. 7n&c56#)C#?&))C87n&c56#)C#5d[c56%5B#DE+<#,N#+J.#:GG.P.D#H:+.;+#@;N/@;P./#+,#,M./+J/,O#+J.#H/.AEFH+@,;>#
Disposition: H.+@+@,;#D@[email protected]#N,/#G:*`#,N#F./@+>#CASE: TATAD VS. GARCIA, Jr. (243 SCRA 436) DATE: April 6, 1995 NATURE: Special Civil Action PONENTE: Quiason, J. FACTS: ## ?/,J@-@+#+J.#@FHG.F.;+:+@,;#,N#+J.#]&[email protected]#u#&.A+:+.D#'P/..F.;+#+,#7E@GD#Q.:A.#u#I/:;AN./#:;#Q&I#$<A+.F#N,/#5c$'_#:;D#]$EHHG.F.;+:G#'P/..F.;+h_#
ISSUES: (1) WON petitioners have legal standing (2) WON foreign corporations like EDSA LRT Consortium can validly own a public utility (3) WON BLTs contracts are recognized under RA 6957 K7)I#Q:OL#(4) WON PD 1594 K?/.A*/@-@;P#H,G@*@.A#N,/#P,M./;F.;+#@;N/:A+/E*+E/.#*,;+/:*+AL should be read
with RA 6957 K7)I#Q:OL#to determine if negotiated contracts are allowed by law (5) WON DOTC has the discretion to determine if a project is beneficial to the government or
not RATIO/REASONING: I. Legal standing shall mean that taxpayers are allowed to question contracts entered into
both by the government and government-controlled corporations.
II. Ownership of the public utility shall be distinct from operation of it, the latter being specifically granted by law to Filipino companies only. No such prohibition is made to ownership.
Alternate Ratio: Right to operate a public utility may exist independently and separately from the ownership of the facilities thereof.
IV. PD 1594 and RA 6957 are “In pari materia” laws which constitute the same subject matter,
and thus must be construed with one another. PD 1594 is the general law on government infrastructure (GIC), while the RA 6957 is the law on specific#GIC schemes/arrangements.
#V. Discretion shall mean the power, authority, and technical expertise of an agency in charge
to determine the advantages/disadvantages of government contracts. Such discretion shall be accorded respect, absent any showing of grave abuse of discretion.
Alternate Ratio: Executive departments, like the DOTC, shall have the DISCRETION (power, authority, and technical expertise) to determine necessity and viability of a project.
1. The President shall have the power to investigate and remove from office a presidential appointee who belongs to the non-competitive or unclassified service of the government after due hearing.
0># An administrative head shall have the power to commence administrative proceedings against a government officer or employee motu proprio without previous verified complaint. IJ@A#@A#HE/AE:;+#+,#5a.*E+@M.#)/D./#6,>#T1f2#A./@.A#,N#!3b!#OJ@*J#A:<AB#