C2 Applications Software Getting the Work Done Solve a particular problem or perform a particular task.

C2 Applications SoftwareGetting the Work Done

Solve a particular problem or perform a particular task

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ACQUIRING SOFTWARE: TRADITIONAL WAYS

Custom software Written by programmers

hired by organization

Specifically tailored to an organization’s needs Organization hires

computer programmers to design, write, test, and implement software

Can be extremely complex and take years to write

Packaged (commercial) software Purchased from a store,

catalog, or Web site Sold in stores, catalogs, or

Web sites Sometimes downloaded from

the Internet Package contains one or

more CDs or DVDs holding the software Typically contains software

documentation user-friendly!

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ACQUIRING SOFTWARE: NEW WAYS

Freeware Author provides it

free for all to use Author retains

copyright May place

restrictions on its use

May not be altered or redistributed without permission

Public Domain Software that is not

copyrighted May be used and

even altered without permission

Typically developed by universities and/or research institutions using government grants

Open-Source software, Shareware

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OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE SHAREWARE

A variation of freeware Source code made

available Source code: readable by

humans Other programmers can

modify and redistribute the programs freely Helps identify bugs and

create improvements more easily

Copyrighted software, freely distributed for a trial period

If you like it, register it for a fee Most authors add free

documentation, enhancements, support, and updates to encourage people to register

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Bu

yin

g

Com

merc

ial

Soft

ware

Individual copies for each computer

Site license

Electronic software distribution

Application Service Provider

Site License Software installed on some or

all computers, depending on license terms

Customer keeps track of how many users

Number of users cannot exceed number of licenses

Customer copies and distributes software and manuals to users

Some organizations use network licenses

Software installed on server License fee based on number of

concurrent users

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ELECTRONIC SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION

APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER

Get software from the Internet Typically freeware and

shareware Some commercial software

Typical scenario: Download software for trial

period Software disables itself

after trial period unless you register (pay)

Delivers applications to businesses via the Internet ASP maintains software and

data on its systems Customers access

applications as needed over the Internet

Alternative to creating and maintaining custom software or purchasing packaged software

“Rent” software, paying based on usage

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Task-Oriented Software

Often called productivity software Common categories

Word processing/Desktop publishing Electronic spreadsheets Database management Graphics Communications Others

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WORKING WITH WORDSELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS/EXCEL

Word Processing Most widely used

personal computer software

Create memos, reports, papers

Incorporate graphics into documents

Desktop Publishing High-level publishing

needs Newsletters Brochures, promotional

materials

Made up of rows and columns of numbers

Perform “what if” analysis Change a cell and have

spreadsheet recalculate Present data graphically

Show expenses as a pie chart

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DATABASE MANAGEMENT GRAPHICS

Graphics software creates graphs and charts from numeric data Spot trends and compare data

more easily Visual evidence more

compelling Included in spreadsheet

programs

Presentation graphics creates “slide show” presentations Combine high-quality graphics,

audio, and video

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Handles the management of a collection of interrelated facts Software can store,

retrieve, update, and manipulate data

Can report data in many ways and print

Turn large amounts of data into information

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Other Task Software

Personal Information Managers Keep track of activities Typically include appointment calendar,

address book, and task manager Office Suite

A group of basic applications that work together Easy to share data among applications Similar look and feel among applications

Integrated application A “stripped down” version of the office suite

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COMMUNICATIONS

The ability to hook the computer up to phone line or cable and communicate with another computer

Typically connected over the Internet Needs a browser to

access other locations on the Internet

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Business Software

Vertical Market software Software for Workgroups Small Business software

Vertical Market Software Written for a particular

type of business Written by companies

who have a thorough knowledge of that industry Allows business to easily

maintain information on the business, customers, vendors

Encompasses all of the business’s activities

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GROUPWARESOFTWARE FOR A SMALL BUSINESS

Lets a group of people share or track information together Also called collaborative

software Often combines electronic

mail, networking, scheduling, and database technology

Data stored in one central location

Often used by organizations with remote employees

Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Moderately priced

software to perform functions aimed at small business

Examples: Accounting software Writing and advertising Customer service Keeping contacts Making sales pitches

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COMPUTERS AND PEOPLE

Most organizations have some sort of information technology department Made up of people

who are responsible for the organization’s computer resources

Maintain data and provide services to end users

Computer People Data entry operators

prepare data for processing

Computer operators monitor systems, keep peripherals running, and make backups

Librarians catalog processed disks and tapes

Programmers design, write, test, implement, and maintain computer programs

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Computer People

Systems analysts plan and design entire systems Must have knowledge in programming, as well

as knowledge of the business Network managers implement and

maintain organization’s network(s) Chief Information Officer (CIO) makes key

technology decisions A key member of the organization’s strategic

decision-making team

?

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Objectives

Distinguish between operating systems and applications software

List the various methods by which individuals and businesses acquire software

List and briefly describe various types of task-oriented software

Identify the kinds of software that are available for both large and small businesses

Discuss ethical issues associated with software Describe the functions of various computer

professionals