Dr. S. M. Condren Chapter 21 Chemistry of the Metals
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Dr. S. M. Condren
Chapter 21
Chemistry of the Metals
Dr. S. M. Condren
Dr. S. M. Condren
Metallurgy
• the extraction of metals from ores• the preparation of metals for use• the study of the relationship between
structures and properties of metals
Dr. S. M. Condren
Metallurgy
• Pretreatment of Ore• Concentration• Roasting
Dr. S. M. Condren
Dr. S. M. Condren
Pretreatment of Ore
• crude ore is crushed
Dr. S. M. Condren
Concentration
• floatation
Dr. S. M. Condren
Roasting
• converting sulfide ore to oxide
2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)
2CuS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2CuO(s) + 2SO2(g)
3FeS2(s) + 8O2(g) -----> Fe3O4(s) + 6SO2(g)
Dr. S. M. Condren
Manufacture of Iron and Steel
• Chemistry of blast furnace• Chemistry of basic oxygen furnace
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
iron reductionraw materials
Dr. S. M. Condren
Several Blast Furnaces
Dr. S. M. Condren
Liquid Iron Pour
Dr. S. M. Condren
Fe(l) & Slag(l) Pours
Dr. S. M. Condren
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
raw materials:iron orelimestone or limecoke
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnaceiron ore => source of iron
Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, SiO2
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
limestone or lime => flux to remove impurities
CaCO3 or CaO
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
coke => reducing agentC
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g)
coke air
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
CO2 + C ---> 2 CO
coke
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
3 Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) -----> 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g)
iron ore
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) -----> 3FeO(s) + CO2(g)
iron ore
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
FeO(s) + CO(g) -----> Fe(l) + CO2(g)
iron ore pig iron
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
CaCO3(s) + heat -----> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
limestone lime
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of blast furnace
CaO(s) + SiO2(s) -----> CaSiO3(l)
lime sand slag
Dr. S. M. Condren
Purification of Metals
• Distillation• Electrolysis• Chemical Reactions
Dr. S. M. Condren
Distillation
• mercury
Dr. S. M. Condren
Electrolysis
• Copper• Aluminum• Sodium
Dr. S. M. Condren
Production of Copper
Cu2S(l) + O2(g) -----> 2 Cu(l) + SO2(g)
Cu(s) -----> Cu(s)
impure electrolysis pure
Dr. S. M. Condren
Electrolysis of molten salt
2 NaCl(l) 2 Na(l) + Cl2(g)
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace
iron purificationsteel makingraw materials
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace
raw materialspig iron from blast furnacefluxing agent to remove impurititesalloying agents
Dr. S. M. Condren
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace
Removal of excess of carbon
C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g)
impurity air in pig iron
Dr. S. M. Condren
Dr. S. M. Condren
Chemistry of Electric Furnace
raw materialsscrap ironfluxing agent to remove impurititesalloying agents