C. Street, G. Frazee, C. Fredrickson, I. Harvey, T.H. Killilea October 2014 Rheology as a Tool for Sealant Formulation – Part I Acknowledgements: K. Kirkwood, R. Simon, K. Porter
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C. Street, G. Frazee, C. Fredrickson,
I. Harvey, T.H. Killilea
October 2014 Rheology as a Tool for
Sealant Formulation – Part I
Acknowledgements: K. Kirkwood, R. Simon, K. Porter
Speaker Introduction
• Carrie Street – Materials Engineer II, Engineered Polymer Solutions – BS in Chemical Engineering (University of Oklahoma 2007) – PhD in Chemical Engineering (University of Delaware 2012) – Engineered Polymer Solutions (2012 – Present)
• Lead physical sciences research team • Fundamental understanding of physical and thermal
behavior of polymers and formulated systems
2
Agenda
• Sealant Formulation Strategy
• Rheology – Background and Key Terms
• Quantitative Measurements
– Target Parameters
• Conclusions
3
4
Water Based Latex Sealants: Start to Finish
Iterative process
based on experience/
trial and error
Application Formulation Final
Properties
Standard Tests for Wet Sealants
5
• Dispensing (ASTM C1183)
• Slump (ASTM D2202)
• Tooling – Sliding
• Tooling – Tapping
Slump: www.pgtgage.com/adhesionsealant.html Extrudability: http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/6047300/Caulking_gun_sealant_gun_Extrusion_machine.html
Application Formulation Final
Properties
6
Sealants: Start to Finish
Quantify physical properties Use target parameters to Accelerate Product Development
Rheology
Rheology for Physical Properties
7 Photo: www.tainstruments.com
G’ = elastic character G’’ = liquid character Examples: rubber sealants water
Sealant
Apply Force (γ, strain)
Rheology Procedure to Simulate Tooling
8 adapted from Mezger, “The Rheology Handbook,” European Coatings Tech Files
Pressing Finger/Tool Releasing
Finger/Tool
Tooling elastic
character
liquid character
Relating Rheology to Standard Tests: Pressing Finger/Tool
9
elastic character
(increasing Force )
liquid character
improve tooling-tapping
Relating Rheology to Standard Tests: Tooling
10
liquid character
elastic character
decrease to ease tooling
11
elastic character
improve tooling-sliding
(decreasing Force )
Relating Rheology to Standard Tests: Removing Finger/Tool
liquid character
Design of Experiments Formulation Variables
12
Pigment to Binder
Volatile Oil
Surfactant
low high low
high
low
high
DOE Space
Two Thickener Levels (low and high)
understand multiple factors
elastic character
liquid character
13
decrease P:B
increase surfactant
increase volatile oil
increase thickener
Target Parameters for Product Development
precision formulation for optimum application
Advantage of Rheology: Tooling-Tapping
14
Standard Rating Rheological Measure
Pigment to Binder Level
Sur
fact
ant
Leve
l
Pigment to Binder Level
Rheology provides resolution and directionality
?
Advantage of Rheology: Tooling-Sliding
15
Standard Rating Rheological Measure
Volatile Oil Level
Thi
cken
er L
evel
Volatile Oil Level
Rheology provides resolution and directionality
?
Conclusions: Rheology for Sealant Formulation – Part I
• Quantitative physical properties as target parameters for
product development
• Accelerated product development
16
Application Formulation Final
Properties
17
Future Work
Quantify final performance properties Use target parameters to Accelerate Product Development
Rheology
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