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C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health
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C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Oct 07, 2018

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Page 1: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010

Dr Helen Van Gessel

Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Page 2: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Surveillance is :

• ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data 

• essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, 

• integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. 

• application of these data to prevention and control (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1988).

Page 3: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

HAI surveillance ‐ who and how 

• Local hospital infection control teams

• International definitions and methodology evolved since 1970s – estd infrastructure

• Usually requires clinical interpretation +/‐laboratory data

• Jurisdictional HAI surveillance systems –minimum data set, standardised methods, validation, analysis and feedback

• National HAI surveillance in evolution

Page 4: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

CDI surveillance

• Hospital‐based monitoring since 1980s

• Variety of surveillance definitions in use 1990s / early 2000s

• International consensus 2007 widely accepted

(McDonald ICHE 2007, SHEA 2010, ESCMID 2009)

Page 5: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Case definition

Case of diarrhoea (i.e. unformed stool that conforms to the shape of a specimen collection container) OR toxic megacolon AND one or more of:

1.Stool sample yields a positive result for C. difficile toxin presence or production

2.Pseudomembranous colitis endoscopy / surgery

3.Pseudomembranous colitis histopath

• Exposure classification, recurrent disease, severe disease, analysis and reporting

Page 6: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Case definition – lab‐based

Case of diarrhoea (i.e. unformed stool that conforms to the shape of a specimen collection container) OR toxic megacolon AND one or more of:

1.Stool sample yields a positive result for C. difficile toxin presence or production

2.Pseudomembranous colitis endoscopy / surgery

3.Pseudomembranous colitis histopath

• Exposure classification, recurrent disease, severe disease, analysis and reporting

Page 7: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Exposure classification

5 categories based on symptom onset / first test date + healthcare exposure history

Page 8: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

CDI surveillance in Australia

• National surveillance definition (COAG/ACSQHC) 2009 defines “Hospital CDI case”

• International case definition for lab based CDI surveillance

• Intended as minimum standard acute hospital CDI surveillance that can be collated  

• Minimum data set = does not require case review, can extract from lab data

• Includes in / outpatients at a facility• Exclusions – repeat within 8 weeks; patients less than 2 years

Page 9: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Hospital CDI rate = number of cases / 10 000 patient days .

Can disaggregate or aggregate by ward / service unit / type of hospital / jurisdiction etc

Page 10: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

CDI Surveillance in jurisdictions

• Implemented in South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania (private and public), Queensland (public)

• Victoria implementation imminent• ACSQHC HAI Advisory Committee Technical Working Group implementation guide to support consistency 

• Variation in organisational capacity / linkage

• Laboratory standardisation progressing in parallel

Page 11: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

WA and Tasmanian data 2010

Page 12: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Hospital HCA-CDADHCA rate (per 10000

days)

A 1 0.4 (0-2.8)

B 4 3.3 (1-8.9)

C 12 1.5 (0.8-2.6)

D 20 1.6 (1.1-2.6)

E 6 2.2 (0.9-5.0)

F 3 0.5 (0.1-6.4)

G 0 0 (0 - 1.2)

H 0 0 (0 – 5.5)

I 0 0 (0 – 7.6)

Total 46 1.2 (0.9-1.6)

• 9 WA hospitals 2006, 6 months.

• Canadian surveillance definitions

• Variation in case detection, lab selection & testing

• Median 10 minutes / case

Van Gessel, Healthcare Infection 13(2) 56–62

Page 13: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Comprehensive CDI surveillance

• Recommended to monitor proportion of cases that are severe (NB French experience of 027).  i.e. within 30 days of diagnosis admission to ICU / surgery / death from CDI 

• Recommended to monitor exposure categorisation at ward, hospital or jurisdiction level (i.e. HCFO‐HCA, CO‐HCA etc) if capacity; priority; high rates; increasing rates

Page 14: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Summary – CDI surveillance

• Long standing hospital monitoring

• Consensus on definition and methods for CDI surveillance will augment this

• Consistency in national CDI surveillance– Monitor trends over time, detect outbreaks

– Examine differences (risk, abtc usage, prevention and control, epi)

– Evaluate interventions

Page 15: C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010 Dr Helen Van Gessel Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health

Summary – CDI surveillance

• Long standing hospital monitoring

• Consensus on definition and methods for CDI surveillance will augment this

• Consistency in national CDI surveillance– Monitor trends over time, detect outbreaks

– Examine differences (risk, abtc usage, prevention and control, epi)

– Evaluate interventions